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The aim of this study was to develop a reliable and viable scale to determine secondary school students' attitudes towards outdoor games. During development process, firstly, relevant area was scanned and key expressions that would prepare theoretical ground were determined. Based on these key expressions, eleven open-ended questions were prepared and applied to a group of eighty students. In line with data obtained, a 5-point Likert type scale pre-trial form consisting of sixty-four items was created. The pre-trial form was applied to a total of 254 secondary school students in Afyonkarahisar and Usak. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used for factor structure. According to analyzes, The Secondary School Students' Outdoor Games Attitude Scale consists of three sub-dimensions and twenty-nine items. It was seen that factor loads of items were between 0.776 and 0.510. It was determined as 54% of variance value for whole scale. CFA result were calculated as X[superscript 2]=851, RMSEA=0.0709; SRMR=0.0509; CFI=0.881 and TLI=0.871. Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was calculated as 0.95. In addition, test-retest application was carried out with thirty participants. There was a thirty-day time difference between the first and second applications. Correlation coefficients between factors was found to be significant. According to the analyzes performed, validity and reliability of scale were ensured. The scale was named as "The Secondary School Students' Attitude Scale towards Outdoor Games".

Objectives The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of anti-interleukin (IL)-1/-6 biologics on systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA)-associated macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). Methods Demographic, clinical and laboratory data of patients followed up with a diagnosis of sJIA-associated MAS assessed from sixteen paediatric rheumatology centres across the country. The clinical and laboratory features of MAS developing while on biological drugs were compared with those without this treatment. Results One hundred and sixty-two patients were included in the study. Forty-five of the MAS events were detected under the effect of anti-IL-1/-6 biologics, while the patients experiencing the remaining 155 events have not received biological treatment in the last three months. Platelet count [128 (72–232) vs 199 (130–371) 109/l], ferritin level on admission [1107 (676–2050) vs 2863 (1193–9562) ng/ml], C-reactive protein level [15.4 (2.9–56) vs 90 (32–160) mg/l], erythrocyte sedimentation rate [13 (3–36) vs 43.5 (13–77) mm/h] and fever duration [5 (4–7.5) vs 10 (7–14.3) days] were found lower in the group under the impact of anti-IL-1/-6 biologics. Among patients treated with biologics, 26.6% did not meet the published 2016 MAS classification criteria at presentation. The rates of hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were relatively lower in the canakinumab-treated group when compared with those receiving other biologicals or to patients, not on biologicals. Conclusion Anti-IL-1/-6 therapies can mask the clinical and laboratory features of MAS, and proposed guidelines for MAS classification criteria may not be met. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigation of a portable three-axis load/balance measurement system in a mini wind tunnel is the main subject of study. Firstly, a mini wind tunnel is designed, numerically analyzed and constructed. Then, measurements of lift and drag forces on a selected airfoil are carried out using data from the measurement system located in the test area. Tri-axis load/balance measurement system developed has a total of three load cells, one for drag and two for lift. Sensor data acquisition codes are written using Ardunio and force measurement experiments are performed at various angles of attack on the NACA2412 airfoil at Reynolds number of 60000, for the maximum flow rate of 5200 m3 /h through fan controller in the constructed mini wind tunnel. After completing the mesh independence test, numerical studies are conducted in ANSYS Fluent for the same range of angles of attack using three different turbulence models. Realizable k-ε turbulence model gives more realistic high stall angles of attack than other turbulence models and similar to experimental results. In addition to the current experimental study, four other literature studies in similar Reynolds number ranges are used as reference cases. A visual study of the flow around the airfoil is given as velocity contours in addition to the numerical comparisons. From the numerical and experimental results, it is concluded that the NACA2412 airfoil profile wings are more efficient for moderate to high Reynolds numbers and the constructed load/balance measurement system and mini wind tunnel are highly successful in terms of lift and drag measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Temporomandibular disorders are the most common condition affecting the orofacial region, resulting in pain and dysfunction. Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the ambiguous association between cervical features and temporomandibular disorders by measuring the rotations between the skull‐atlas, atlas‐axis and mandible‐atlas and examining the relationship between these rotations and temporomandibular disorders. Methods: Cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) images from 176 patients, 97 females and 79 males with an average age of 25.7 years were used in this study. The patients were divided into two groups: those with joint dysfunction (n = 88) and those without (n = 88). The study employed various methods to determine rotations in the skull‐atlas, atlas‐axis and mandible atlas based on anatomical landmarks and measurements. These methods include the use of specific planes, angles and distances to identify and measure rotation. Data analysis was performed using the TURCOSA statistical software (Turcosa Analytics Ltd Co, Turkey, www.turcosa.com.tr). Results: The results showed that the degree of rotation between the skull and the atlas was higher in the TMD group than in the control group (p <.001). Similarly, Atlas‐axis rotation was significantly higher in the TMD group (p <.001). However, no significant difference was found between mandible atlas rotations in the two groups (p =.546). The study also found a significant difference between the direction of rotation between the atlas and axis and the direction of mandible atlas rotation (p <.001) as well as between skull and atlas rotations and mandible‐atlas rotations (p <.001). Conclusion: Overall, the study suggests that there is a relationship between the skeletal structures of the cranio‐cervico‐mandibular system and TMD. Skull‐atlas and atlas‐axis rotations may play an important role in the aetiology of TMD in individuals with TMD. Therefore, it is important to evaluate rotations in the skull‐atlas‐axis region for the treatment of TMD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development agencies in Turkey emerged in the process of candidate membership to the European Union. Agencies began to be established on 08.02.2006 with the entry into force of the Law No. 5449 on the Establishment, Coordination and Duties of Development Agencies. Development agencies are structures created to ensure cooperation between public, private and non-governmental sectors, to improve participation and local participation, to accelerate the development of the region they are located in and to reduce interregional development disparities. Development agencies have been established to ensure the participation and cooperation of actors in the region. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of agencies in ensuring participation through the case of Zafer Development Agency serving in the region classified as TR33. In the study, document analysis method and literature review method are used, which are among qualitative research methods. In the evaluation of development agencies based on the case of Zafer Development Agency, it is seen that Zafer Development Agency developed various programs and carried out activities to ensure the participation and cooperation of actors in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the approaches of pediatric rheumatologists and pediatric hematologists to patients with similar musculoskeletal (MSK) complaints and to highlight the differences that general pediatricians should consider when referring patients to these specialties. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving the patients who applied to pediatric rheumatology centers with MSK complaints and were diagnosed with malignancy, as well as patients who were followed up in pediatric hematology centers with a malignancy diagnosis, and had MSK complaints at the time of admission. Results: A total of 142 patients were enrolled in the study. Of these patients, 83 (58.4%) applied to pediatric rheumatology centers, and 59 (41.6%) applied to pediatric hematology centers. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was the most common diagnosis among the patients who applied to both centers, with 80 cases (56.3%). The median age of diagnosis was 87 (interquartile range, IQR: 48-140) months. The most common preliminary diagnosis in pediatric rheumatology centers was juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), with 37 cases (44.5%). MSK involvement was mainly seen as arthralgia, and bone pain. While arthralgia (92.7%) was the most common complaint in rheumatology centers, bone pain (88.1%) was more common in hematology centers. The most frequently involved joints were the knee (62.9%), ankle (25.9%), hip (25%), and wrist (14%). The most common laboratory abnormalities were high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), high C-reactive protein (CRP), anemia, and high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and high LDH were statistically significantly more frequent in patients admitted to hematology centers than in patients admitted to rheumatology centers (p<0.001, p=0.014, p=0.028, respectively). Patients who applied to rheumatology clinics were found to have statistically significantly higher CRP levels (p=0.032). Conclusions. Malignancies may present with only MSK system complaints in childhood. Therefore, malignancies should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with MSK complaints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To develop a novel scoring system to predict colchicine resistance in Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) based on the initial features of the patients. Methods: The medical records of patients were analyzed prior to the initiation of colchicine. After generating a predictive score in the initial cohort, it was applied to an independent cohort for external validation of effectiveness and reliability. Results: Among 1418 patients with FMF, 56 (3.9%) were colchicine resistant (cr) and 1312 (96.1%) were colchicine responsive. Recurrent arthritis (4 points), protracted febrile myalgia (8 points), erysipelas-like erythema (2 points), exertional leg pain (2 points), and carrying M694V homozygous mutation (4 points) were determined as the parameters for predicting cr-FMF in the logistic regression model. The cut-off value of 9 was 87% sensitive and 82% specific to foresee the risk of cr-FMF in the receiver operating characteristic. Validation of the scoring system with an independent group (cr-FMF = 107, colchicine responsive = 1935) revealed that the cut-off value was 82% sensitive and 79% specific to identify the risk of cr-FMF. Conclusions: By constructing this reliable and predictor tool, we enunciate that predicting cr-FMF at the initiation of the disease and interfering timely before the emergence of complications will be possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Paeoniflorin (Pae) is a monoterpene glycoside with immune‐regulatory effects. Several studies have already demonstrated the impact of Pae on periodontitis, but its effect on diabetic periodontitis is unclear. In this study, our aim was to test the hypothesis that Pae had a strong anti‐inflammatory effect that prevented bone loss in diabetic periodontitis. Methods: Thirty male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into control (healthy, n = 10), periodontitis (PD) + diabetes (DM; n = 10), and PD + DM + Pae (n = 10) groups. Ligature‐induced periodontitis was created by placing 4–0 silk ligatures around the lower first molars on both sides of the mandibulae. Experimental DM was created via an injection of 50 mg/kg and streptozotocin (STZ). Hyperglycemia was confirmed by the blood glucose levels of rats (>300 mg/dL). The bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular number, trabecular thickness, and bone loss were measured by micro‐CT. The expression levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α were measured in tissue homogenates by ELISA. Results: The PD + DM + Pae group had significantly less alveolar crest resorption when compared to the PD + DM group. There was also a significant difference between the PD + DM + Pae group compared to PD + DM group in trabecular thickness, BMD, and the number of trabeculae. Pae application led to a statistically significant decrease in IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α levels in diabetic periodontitis. Conclusion: Systemic application of Pae suppressed inflammation caused by PD and DM, leading to reduced bone loss and enhanced bone quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]