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WOS:000489127500021 Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is a pathophysiological process that is common in many clinical conditions such as shock, sepsis, mesenteric thrombosis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and bowel transplantation. Our aim in this study was to investigate the potential protective effects of carvacrol on the intestinal I/R injury in a rat model. The 30 rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10): The sham-control (group 1) underwent only the separation of the superior mesenteric artery but not the occlusion. In the FR-untreated (group 2) and I/R-carvacrol-treated groups (group 3), the superior mesenteric artery was clamped for 45 min, followed by 60 min of reperfusion. 2 hours before ischemia, the group 3 of rats received an intraperitoneal injection of carvacrol at a dose of 75 mg/kg bw. At the end of the experiment, intestinal tissue samples were taken for oxidative stress assessment including superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS). In addition, the intestine sections were stained with haematoxylin-eosin to evaluate morphological changes and immunohistochemical staining was performed for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) assessment. The intestinal mucosa was significantly damaged in the group 2, which was markedly attenuated after carvacrol treatment. The tissue MDA, MPO and TOS content increased significantly in the group 2, but they were reduced by carvacrol treatment. In addition, SOD and TAS activity increased markedly in group 3 as compared to group 2. Immunohistochemical staining showed that iNOS increased and eNOS decreased in group 2, which was improved in reverse direction after carvacrol treatment. Carvacrol may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of intestinal I/R injury.

Bir Kur’ân merkezi olan İstanbul’da Kur’ân eğitimi ve icazeti alanKur’ân üstatlarımız, İstanbul ağzı ve tavrını gittikleri yerlere götürmüşler vebölgelerinde pek çok Kur’ân talebesi yetiştirmişlerdir ki bu bölgelerimizinbaşında Karadeniz bölgesinin geldiği söylenebilir. Karadeniz’de, Kur’âneğitiminde öne çıkan Kur’ân kârîlerimizden biri de Trabzon’lu Şeyhu’l-KurrâHâfız Ali Haydar Özak’tır. Ali HaydarÖzak, Trabzon ilimizin dini hayatının şekillenmesinde, bölgedeki Kur’ânKurslarının gelişiminde ve çok sayıda hafızın yetişmesinde önemli rol oynamışve Trabzon’un nüfus sayısına göre Türkiye’de en fazla hafızlık icazeti yapılaniller arasında olmasına kaynaklık etmiştir. Bu makalede, “Hafız Haydar Okuyuş Ekolü” şeklinde bir tilavet tarzının mimarıolarak tavsif edilen Ali Haydar Özak’ın hayatı, Kur’ân’a hizmeti, tilavetanlayışının temel özellikleri ele alınıp değerlendirilecektir., Our elite Quran teachers whom were educated and graduated in Istanbul. A place centredaround the tuition of the Quran. Taking the elegance and pronunciation of Istanbul to theplaces where they taught many more students. The Black Sea region would come foremostin parts. One of the very famous Quran reciters from the Black Sea is Shaikh Al-Qurra HafizAli Haydar Ozak from Trabzon.Ali Haydar Ozak, being a purpose for many Quranic madrasah’s launching, producingmany Hafiz considering population in the city Trabzon Ali Haydar Ozak played a big rolein shaping the Islamic education and life. Trabzon comes first amongst cities in Turkey forthe great number of Huffaaz which has graduated from. In this article we will be analysing“Hafiz Haydar’s Recitation School of Thought” nature, a founder of a recitation style, AliHaydar Ozak’s life, his service for the Quran, the basis of his understanding of the recitationstyle will be analysed.

WOS:000331780100006 PubMed: 24864596 Objective: To investigate the potential protective effects of Rosmarinic acid (RA) on rats exposed to ischaemia/reperfusion renal injury. Methods: The prospective study was conducted at Abant Izzet Baysal University, Turkey, and comprised 21 male Sprague Dawley rats weighing 250-270g each. They were divided into three equal groups. Unilaterally nephrectomised rats were subjected to 60 minutes of left renal ischaemia followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion. Group 1 had sham-operated animals; group 2 had ischaemia/reperfusion untreated animals; and group 3 had ischaemia/reperfusion animals treated with rosmarinic acid. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, tissue malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities, and light microscopic findings were evaluated. SPSS 17 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Treatment of rats with rosmarinic acid produced a reduction in the serum levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen compared to the other groups. However, no statistically significant difference was found. The levels of malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase were decreased in the renal tissue of group 3, while glutathione peroxidose and superoxide dismutase levels remained unchanged. The injury score decreased in the treatment group rats compared to the untreated group. Rosmarinic acid significantly decreased focal glomerular necrosis, dilatation of Bowman's capsule, degeneration of tubular epithelium, necrosis in tubular epithelium, and tubular dilatation. Conclusions: Rosmarinic acid prevented ischaemia/reperfusion injury in the kidneys by decreasing oxidative stress.

H, Ozturk/0000-0001-5608-5742; Geyik, Mehmet Faruk/0000-0002-0906-0902 WOS: 000270038700002 Objectives. The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the consequences of increased intra-abdominal pressure on the small bowel and whether this pressure creates intestinal ischemia leading to oxygen free-radical production and bacterial translocation. Material and Methods. Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 275-300 g were used. Group 1 rats (n = 10) were subjected to 20-mm Hg pneumoperitoneum pressure for 60 minutes. In group 2 rats (n = 10, controls) the intra-abdominal pressure was not increased. In all rats the following parameters were investigated: mean arterial pressure after carotid catheterization, histopathological examination of the intestinal mucosa evaluated with a scoring system, malondialdehyde production in the liver and small bowel, and bacterial translocation towards the mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, and spleen 24 hours after pneumoperitoneum deflation. Results. The mean arterial pressure exhibited no alterations. Histological analysis mainly showed extensive epithelial separations from the lamina propria down the sides of the villi and ulceration at the villus tips in the rats with increased intra-abdominal pressure. Bacterial translocation occurred to the mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, and liver after 60 minutes of increased intra-abdominal pressure of 20 mm Hg (p < 0.05). Malondialdehyde increased in the liver and small bowel mucosa (p < 0.05 for both). Conclusions. Increased intra-abdominal pressure in rats leads to intestinal ischemia and mild histological changes in the small bowel and to oxygen free-radical production and bacterial translocation (Adv Clin Exp Med 2009, 18, 2, 115-120).

In this article, the interpretation of surah al-Fil was evaluated to relate the famous Indian scholar Hamiduddin al-Ferahi’s thoughts on the commentary of the Qur’an. At the same time, Ferahi’s commentary methods and the thesis address points are examined. Hamiduddin el-Ferahi made a new commentary of surah al-Fil which is completely different from classic understanding. According to this commentary; Surah does not addresses the Prophet but addresses to the Qureysh; and Ebrehe’s army was not destroyed by birds but by Araps who went up to mountains and throw stones at them using a kind of guerilla tactics; afterwards the stones there had been a pebble loaded storm on Ebrehe’s army additionally the birds mentioned in the Surah were the bird of preys to clean up the corps of the army to prevent an epidemic in Macca Vally. Also mentioned in this article is the contribution of Farahi’s student Emin Ahsen Islahi (1906-97) to Farahi’s interpretation of sure al-Fil. Although Farahi’s interpretation of sure al-Fil may strange but his detailed analysis and the clasification of narratives on the surah by theological, history and literary methods and his new interpretation of the surah merits a serious evaluation of his thesis. The aim of this study is that to analyse this commentary which is the most different others., Bu makalede, Hindistanlı alim Hamidüddin el-Ferahi’nin Kur’an tefsiri ile ilgili görüşlerine bağlı olarak ‘Fil Suresi’nin yorumu değerlendirildi. Aynı zamanda Ferâhî’nin tefsir yöntemi ve tezinin dayandığı noktalar ele alınıp incelenmiştir. Bütün klasik anlayışlardan farklı olarak, Hamidüddin el-Ferahi (1862-1930) Fil suresinin yeni bir tefsirini yapar. Bu tefsire gore; Sure peygambere değil Kureyş’e hitap eder; Ebrehe’nin askerlerinin, kuşların attığı taşlarla değil gerilla savaşı diyebileceğimiz bir taktikle dağlara çekilmiş olan Araplar tarafindan atılan taşlarla vurulduğu daha sonra bu aralıksız taşların bitiminde göklerden çakıl yüklü fırtına şeklinde bir taş sağanağı geldigini ayrıca surede belirtilen kuşların Mekke Vadisini muhtemel bir bulaşıcı hastalıktan temizlemek için Ebrehe’nin asklerlerinin cesetlerini tuketen avcı kuşları olduğunu söylemektedir. Bu makalede ayrıca Ferahi’nin talebesi olan Emin Ahsen Islahi (1906-97)’nin Fil Suresi tefsirine yapmış oladugu bazı katkılara da yer verilmistir. Ferahi’nin sure hakkındaki yorumları ve ifadeleri şaşırtıcı görünse de sure üzerindeki ayrıntılı çözümlemesi, sure ile ilgili rivayetleri araştırması, dini, tarihi ve edebi malzemeler temelinde konuyu dikkatlice ele alıp yorumlamasi, Ebrehe’nin Fil suresine getirmiş olduğu farklı yorumu açıklamaktadir. Bu makalenin yazılış amacı diğerlerinden farklı olan bu yorumun incelenmesidir.

Quran was memorized wholly in the life time of the Prophet Muhammed and was recorded on the various writing materials by his companios (ashab). The verses were put into order in its final composition, which is current throughout Islamic history, by the guidance of the Prophet Mu-hammed. The current order (i.e., final composition) of the suras was already spread out among Muslims at the time of the Prophet and was recited by his companions. Angel Gabriel was also reciting Quran face to face to him in the same manner every year. Yet, at that time written form of Quran (mushaf) wasn’t prepared. There hadn’t been enough time for doing this. However a copy of Quran whose suras were collected together was kept as being tied by a rope in the house of Prophet., Kur’an Hz. Peygamber zamanında tamamen ezberlenmiş ve sahabe tarafından da değişik yazı malzemeleri üzerine kaydedilmiştir. Ayetler, Hz. Peygamber’in emri ile bugünkü şekilde tertib edilmişti. Surelerin günümüzdeki şekliyle tertibi Hz. Peygamber döneminde biliniyor ve sahabe tarafından da o şekilde okunuyordu. Cebrail her sene Kur’an’ı Hz. Peygamber’e bu tertib üzere arz ediyordu. Ancak o dönemde surelerin bugünkü şekliyle tertib edildiği bir mushaf henüz hazırlanamamıştı. Buna zaman yetmemişti. Sureleri dağınık halde derlenmiş bir Kur’an nüshası, Peygamber’in evinde bir iple beğlı şekilde muhafaza edilmişti.

In this article, the view of oaths in the Qur'an by a modern Indian writer, Abdulhamid el-Farahi (1863-1930), was discussed. Farahi has offered a new interpretation of the Qur’anic oaths. According to him, an oath is consisted of a MB and MA. There is a connection be-tween these two. MA is an aim and MB is a tool. Farahi defends the oaths such as neither the glorifications of swearing on the objects as classic scholars nor the type of prophecy oaths such as Western scholars. According to Farahi, the purpose of the Qur’anic oaths is not to support or strength the MA, only present an evidence. Qur’anic oaths are as type of evidence oaths. Farahi evaluates the oaths from a historical-linguistic scientific perspective instead of viewing the oaths from theological perspective as traditional scholars. While traditional scho-lars reject the verse oaths to be an evidence, Ferahi, expresses a theory which can be applied to both Qur’anic oaths and verse oaths., Bu makalede, modern Hintli yazar Abdülhamîd el-Ferâhî (1863-1930)’nin Kur’ân’daki yeminlere bakışı ele alınmaktadır. Ferâhî, Kur’an yeminlerine yeni bir yorum getirir. Ona göre bir yemin, bir MB (muksemün bih) ve bir MA (muksemün ‘aleyh)’den oluşur. Bu ikisi arasında bir ilişki vardır. MA amaçtır ve MB ise araçtır. Ferahi, ne klasik alimler gibi üzerine yemin edilen nesnelerin yüceltilmesini savunur, ne de batılı alimler gibi kehanet türü yeminleri. Ferâhî’ye göre Kur’an’daki yeminlerin amacı, MA’i desteklemek veya kuvvetlendirmek değil, bir delil sunmaktır. Kur’andaki yeminler, kanıt türünden yeminlerdir. Yine Ferâhî, yeminleri geleneksel alimler gibi teolojik bir açıdan değerlendirmek yerine, onları tarihi-dilbilimsel açıdan değerlendirir. Gelenekçi ilim adamları, manzum yeminlerin delil olmasını reddederken; Ferâhî, hem Kur’an’daki yeminlere hem de manzum yeminlere uygulanabilecek bir teori ortaya koyar.

WOS: 000262345300008 PubMed: 18998004 Objective: To evaluate the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and vitamin C on pulmonary histological alterations in bile duct-ligated (BDL) rats. Methods: The current study was conducted in the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical School of Abant Izzet Baysal University Bolu, Turkey between May 2007 and July 2007. Thirty-five males Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 210-240 grams, were used. Group I rats (n=7) underwent only laparotomy. Group 2 rats (n=7) were subjected to BDL. Group 3 rats (n=7) were subjected to BDL and given vitamin C. Group 4 rats (n=7) were subjected to BDL and given NAC. Group 5 rats (n=7) were subjected to BDL and received NAC plus vitamin C. At the end of the 3 week period, biochemical and histological evaluations were processed. Results: Total bilirubin values were decreased in group 5 compared to group 2, 3, and 4. Group 2 showed massive interstitial infiltration with inflammatory cells. Interstitial edema, focal cuboidal metaplasias of alveolar lining cells, and severely damaged pulmonary architecture were noted. Treatment of rats with NAC and vitamin C produced a significant reduction in the histopathological score compared to groups 2, 3, and 4. Conclusions: The combination of NAC and vitamin C reduced lung histological alterations in BDL rats with afforded by each drug individually.

Amaç: Yarık damak ve dudak insanlardaki en sık konjenital kraniyofasyal anomalidir. Palatoplastinin gecikmiş komplikasyonu fistül gelişimi ve midfasiyal büyüme geriliğidir. Bu çalışmada fistül gelişiminin engellenmesinde doku yapıştırıcılarının kullanımının etkinliğinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve yöntem: Ocak 1995 ile Mayıs 2005 tarihleri arasında kliniğimizde opere edilen 39 hasta yaş, cinsiyet, yarık damağın tipi, operasyon tekniği, doku yapıştırıcısı kullanımı ve komplikasyon gelişimi bakımından karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular:Yarık damaklı 39 hastanın 24’üne palatoplasti, 15 hastayada palatoplastiye ek olarak doku yapıştırıcısı Glubran 2 uygulandı. Yalnızca palatoplasti yapılan 24 hastanın 7’sinde (%29.1) fistül gelişti. Ancak palatoplastiye ek olarak Glubran 2 kullanılan 15 hastanın 1’inde (%6.6) fistül gelişti Sonuç: Yarık damaklı hastalarımızın tedavisindeki bu olumlu sonuçlarında klinik tecrübelerimizdeki gelişmelere ek olarak doku yapıştırıcısı Glubran 2’nin etkili olduğu söylenebilir. Aim: Cleft lip and palate are the most common congenital craniofacial anomalies in humans. Delayed complications of palatoplasty include fistulas and delayed midfacial growth disturbances. The purpose of this study is to research the activity of using tissue adhesives in blocking palatal fistula formation. Method: We reviewed 39 cases of cleft palate between January 1995 and May 2005. Clinical data included age, sex, type of cleft palate, operation technique, use of tissue adhesives and complications. Results: Operative treatment included palatoplasty in 24 patients and palatoplasty and Glubran 2 in 15. Fistulas occurred in 7(%29.1) of 24 patients that were only palatoplasty applied but there was only 1(%6.6) fistula in 15 patients that palatoplasty and Glubran 2 applied. Conclusion: Positive results, which we required from the patients with cleft palate, could be either from our clinical experience or Glubran 2 affects.

Amaç: Çalışmadaki amacımız hidatik hastalık tanısı koyulan ve tedavisi yapılan olgularımızın tanı ve tedavi özelliklerini belirlemek, morbidite ve mortalite açısından değerlendirmektir. Yöntem: Kliniğimizde Echinococcus granulosus'e bağlı hidatik hastalık tanısı konulan ve tedavisi yapılan 49 hasta değerlendirildi. Hastalar yaş, cinsiyet, semptomların başlamasından sonraki geçen süre, semptom ve bulgular, tanı metodları, kistin lokalizasyonu, çapı, sayısı, tedavi yöntemleri, mortalite, morbidite ve nüks açısından değerlendirildi. Tanı ultrasonografi, tomografi, Casoni ve Weinberg testleri ile konuldu. Ameliyat sonrası dönemde 27 hastaya Albendezol tedavisi verildi. Bulgular: Hastaların 24'ü erkek, 25'i kız ve yaş ortalaması 10.5 yıl idi. En sık başvuru şikayeti karında ağrı idi. Kist 27 olguyla (%67) en sık karaciğerde lokalizeydi. Kistler açık cerrahi ve perkütan yolla tedavi edildi. Hastaların 47'sinde (%96) kistektomi, kapitonaj ve drenaj uygulandı. Perkütan tedavi 2 (%4) hastada uygulandı. Ameliyat sonrası ölen hastamız olmadı. Ortalama 24 aylık (8-60 ay) takip sürecinde %4 oranında nüks gelişti. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak çocuklarda cerrahi girişimle kist hidatiklerinin tedavisi başarılı olmaktadır. Ayrıca, hidatik hastalık bölgemizde yaygın olarak devam etmektedir. Purpose: In this study, we aimed to analyze the diagnostic and therapeutic features, morbidity and mortality of patients with hydatid disease. Material and methods: 49 children (24 boys and 25 girls) infected by Echinococcus granulosus had surgery for hydatid disease. All patients were evaluated for age, sex, admission time, symptoms at admission, diagnostic techniques, locations of cysts, treatment modalities, morbidity and mortality rate. Ultrasonography, computed tomography, Casoni and Weinberg tests proved the diagnosis. Albendazole treatment was given to 27 of the patients in postoperative period. Results: Mean ages of the patients were 10.5 years. The most common symptom on admission was abdominal pain. The most common localization of the cyst was liver in 33 patients (%67). Hydatid cysts were treated by conventional open surgery or percutaneous drainage. The form of surgical treatment was capitonnage and total excision of the cyst; and drainage of the cyst cavity in 47 patients (96%). Percutaneous treatment was performed in 2 patients (4%). There were no deaths. Recurrence rate was 4% during the follow-up period of 24 months (range, 8-60 months). Conclusion: Surgical treatment is successful in the hydatic cysts. Additionally, the study confirms the endemic state of the hydatic disease in our region.

H, Ozturk/0000-0001-5608-5742 WOS: 000311869300017 PubMed: 23146859 A two years old boy presented with a transanal protrusion of the ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt catheter. A VP shunt was inserted when the boy was six-month-old for congenital hydrocephalus. He was active and neurologically normal, with no signs of meningitis and peritoneal irritation. During laparotomy, the tube was seen entering the sigmoid colon, so the tube was cut at the point where it entered the sigmoid colon. The distal end of the protruding tube was pulled out from the anus. The sigmoid colon was repaired, and a delayed shunt revision was completed. The patient was discharged without abdominal and neurological deterioration.

Primer olarak karaciğer dışında hidatid kistin barsak mezenterine yerleşimi nadirdir. Burada nadir görülen ve akut karın tablosu bulunan ince barsak primer mezenter hidatid kist olgusu sunulmaktadır. Laparotomide kistin rüptüre olduğu görülmüş ve total olarak çıkarılmıştır. Ameliyat sonrası dönemde herhangi bir problem gelişmemiştir., Primary extrahepatic, intestinal mesenteric localization of a hydatid cyst is rare. We report herein an unusual case of primary mesenteric hydatid cyst presented with clinical picture of acute abdomen. At laparotomy the cyst was found to be ruptured and totally removed. The postoperative course was uneventful

Testis tümörleri çocuklarda nadir görülür. Bu makalede, 9 yaşında bir erkek çocuğunda sağ testiste teratom saptanan bir olgu sunulmuştur. Klinik muayenede ağrısız skrotal kitle mevcuttu. Kitle ile beraber testis (orşiektomi) çıkarıldı. Histolojik incelemede teratom saptandı., Testicular tumors are uncommon in children. In this case report, the authors describe a case of right testis teratoma in a 9-year-old boy. The clinical examination showed a painless scrotal mass. The mass and testes were removed. The histologic examination was confirmed a teratoma

H, Ozturk/0000-0001-5608-5742 WOS: 000269133600015 PubMed: 19576157 A 22-year-old man was admitted with abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting secondary to ingestion of multiple foreign bodies. He was found to be in increasing distress with an increase in abdominal pain and distention and no passage of foreign bodies. Patient underwent a laparotomy. Foreign bodies removed from perforated distal ileum included 8 big size (10 cm) plastic clothes pegs, a 10 cm pencil, couple of stones, a 10 cm wood nail, nail scissors and a small size battery. In case of foreign body ingestion, especially in mentally-ill patients, the patient should be carefully examined because of the potential risk of obstruction and bowel perforation, more so, if the foreign body is a battery which can puncture causing corrosive injury as well.

H, Ozturk/0000-0001-5608-5742; WOS: 000270038600005 Background. The pathogenesis of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) is poorly understood although many hypotheses have been proposed. Objectives. Assessment whether the differential expression of c-Kit, CD34, and S100 may be involved in the development of IHPS. Material and Methods. Specimens from 14 infants with IHPS and seven control subjects were immunohistochemically stained for c-Kit, CD34, and S100. The numbers of CD34(+), S100(+), and c-Kit(+) cells in five random fields per specimen were compared via light microscopy (x200). Results. In normal pyloric tissue, specific and intense c-Kit immunoreactivity was observed in the muscle layers and moderate staining was observed around the myenteric plexus. In IHPS patients, c-Kit+ cells were either absent or markedly reduced around the myenteric plexus. In control and IHPS patients, CD34(+) cells were not observed around the myenteric plexus. In the vascular endothelium, moderate CD34 staining was observed in specimens from control subjects, whereas intense staining was observed for IHPS patients. In normal pyloric tissue, moderate S100 immunoreactivity was observed in the muscle layers and intense staining was observed in the myenteric plexus. In IHPS patients, few S100(+) cells were observed in the pyloric muscle layers and S100 immunoreactivity decreased markedly around the myenteric plexus. Conclusions. These results suggest that the numbers of c-Kit(+) and S100(+) cells are markedly decreased in the pyloric muscle layers and around the myenteric plexus in IHPS patients. Thus a lack of c-Kit and S100, but not CD34, expression may be a critical factor in the pathogenesis of IHPS and may serve as a useful prognostic tool in the treatment of this disease (Adv Clin Exp Med 2009, 18, 1, 33-39).

WOS:000265511700011 PubMed: 19565667 This study was aimed to evaluate the analgesic efficacy, duration of analgesia, and side effects of two different doses of caudal neostigmine used with levobupivacaine in children. Sixty boys, between 5 months and 5 years, undergoing genito-urinary surgery were allocated randomly to one of three groups (n = 20 each). Group I patients received caudal 0.25% levobupivacaine (1 ml.kg(-1)) alone. Groups II and III patients received neostigmine (2 and 4 mu g.kg(-1) respectively) together with levobupivacaine used in the same dose as Group I. Pain scores were assessed using Children's and Infant's Postoperative Pain Scale (CHIPPS) at 15th (t(1)) min after arrival to postanesthetic care unit, and 1st (t(2)), 2nd (t(3)), 3rd (t(4)), 4th (t(5)), 8th (t(6)), 16th (t(7)), and 24th (t(8)) hour postoperatively. Duration of analgesia, amount of additional analgesic (paracetamol), score of motor blockade and complications were recorded for 24 h postoperatively, and compared between groups. CHIPPS scores were higher during t(2), t(3), t(6), t(7) and t(8) periods, duration of analgesia was shorter, and total analgesic consumption was higher in Group I compare to neostigmine groups (P < 0.05). Duration of postoperative analgesia and total analgesic consumption were similar in Groups II and III (P > 0.05). Adverse effects were not different between three groups. Caudal neostigmine in doses of 2 and 4 mu g.kg(-1) with levobupivacaine extends the duration of analgesia without increasing the incidence of adverse effects, and 2 mu g.kg(-1) seems to be the optimal dose, as higher dose has no further advantages.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada farklı uzunlukta incebarsak rezeksiyonu yapılarak kısa barsak sendromu (KBS) oluşturulan sıçanlarda adaptasyon sürecinde glutaminin etkileri araştırıldı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamızda 35 adet sıçan kullanıldı. Grup 1'deki (sham) sıçanlara sadece laparatomi uygulandı. Grup 2 ve grup 3 'teki sıçanlara %65 incebarsak rezeksiyonu, grup 4 ve grup 5'teki sıçanlara %85 incebarsak rezeksiyonu yapılarak KBS oluşturuldu. Grup 3 ve grup 5'teki sıçanlara 2,5 g/kg/gün glutamin oral olarak 21 gün süresince verildi. Sıçanların kilo takibi yapıldı ve incebarsak biyopsileri alındı. Bulgular: KBS oluşturulan sıçanların tümünde 1-6. günden itibaren belirgin olarak ishal ve kilo kaybı gelişti (p 0.05). Grup 3'teki sıçanlar ile grup 2 ve grup 4'teki sıçanlar arasında 18.günden sonra kilo artışı anlamlı idi (p 0.05). Villus yüksekliği, kript derinliği, mukozal kalınlık ve mitoz sayısında grup 3'teki değerler ile diğer grupların değerleri arasında belirgin fark vardı (p 0.05). Sonuç: Daha az incebarsak rezeksiyonu uyguladığımız grup 3 sıçanlarda geriye kalan barsağın ve glutamin tedavisinin olumlu etkilerinin sonucu olarak daha iyi adaptasyon geliştiği inancındayız. Aim: The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of glutamine on adaptation process in short bowel syndrome (SBS) induced rats through small intestinal resection of varied length. Material and Method: A total of 35 rats were used in this study. Laparotomy alone was performed in group 1 rats (sham). Short bowel syndrome was induced by performing small intestinal resection of 65% in groups 2 and 3, and 85% in groups 4 and 5. Glutamine was orally administered at a dose of 2.5 g/kg/day in groups 3 and 5 for 21 days. The rats were followed-up in terms of weight, and small intestinal biopsies were taken at the end of the study. Results: Significant diarrhea and weight loss developed in SBS induced rats between days 1-6 (p< 0.05). Weight gain after 18th day of glutamine administration was significantly higher in group 3 compared to groups 2 and 4. In terms of villus height, crypt depth, mucosal thickness and mitosis count, there was a significant difference between group 3 and other groups in which resection alone was performed (groups 2 and 4). Conclusions: In group 3 rats undergone less small bowel resection, we think that intestinal adaptation develops better in the remaining bowel due to the effect of glutamine.

Sülük endoparaziti nadir görülür ancak çok ciddi, ölümle sonuçlanabilen komplikasyonlara neden olabilir. Burada 5 gündür yutma güçlüğü, hematemez, melena ve solukluk şikayeti olan bir olgu sunulmuştur. Endoskopik incelemede özofagusta yerleşmiş sülük tespit edildi ve forseps yardımı ile çıkarıldı. Hastanın yakınmaları ortadan kalktı. Leech endoparasitism, although rare, may cause serious, even lethal complications. This paper presents a case with a five days history of haematemesis, melena, pallor and difficulty in swallowing. The cause was found to be a leech in the oesophagus detected by means of endoscopic examination. This was removed by forceps and the patient's health improved.