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Objective: Knowing the morphological, kinematic, and electrophysiological parameters of the smile in healthy individuals may contribute to evaluating, planning, and monitoring the smile reanimation. This study aimed to determine the correlation between 3D morphometric changes, movement kinematics, and muscle activity in the facial soft tissue of healthy individuals. Method: In this cohort study, 20 volunteers were selected from healthy individuals with no facial disorders. During smiling, three‐dimensional face scanning, facial motion capture, and surface electromyography (sEMG) were performed. The average displacement, velocity, and acceleration during facial movements were measured. The mean change in 3D surface morphometry and activation of the zygomaticus major were determined. Results: The volunteers, comprising 10 males and 10 females, had a mean age of 24 ± 10 years; for female, mean age was 23 ± 5 years and for men 26 ± 13 years. Significant correlations were found between kinematic and morphometric data (r = 0.51, p < 0.001), sEMG and morphometric (r = 0.50, p < 0.001) data, and sEMG and kinematic data (r = 0.49, p < 0.002). The maximum acceleration occurred during approximately 65% of the muscle activation time and 64% of the peak muscle activation value. Additionally, the maximum velocity was reached at around 73% of the muscle activation time and 67% of the peak muscle activation value. Furthermore, the maximum displacement values were observed at approximately 88% of the muscle activation time and 76% of the peak muscle activation value. Conclusion: The findings may provide insights into the smile's functional parameters, contribute to understanding facial muscle‐related disorders, and aid in improving the diagnosis and treatment of the smile. Level of Evidence: NA Laryngoscope, 134:3112–3119, 2024 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This report presents the case of a 68-year-old male patient with a 3-month history of progressive weakness of the left hand accompanied by symptoms of pain and dysesthesia radiating to the dorsal aspect of the forearm. Case Report: Complete compression of the radial nerve and partial entrapment of the ulnar nerve secondary to the intermuscular lipoma were detected. Electromyography findings revealed prolonged motor and sensory latency of the radial nerve and reduced sensory conduction velocity in the distribution of the ulnar nerve. The pathological findings revealed nuclear atypia with no increased mitosis, hyperchromasia, pleomorphism, or multinucleation of fat cells. Total surgical excision of the intermuscular lipoma was performed with an anterior surgical approach. Optimal functional improvement in hand extension had been achieved at a 1-year follow-up evaluation. Conclusion: Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of the entrapment of adjacent peripheral nerves by an intermuscular lipoma and its clinical and pathological manifestations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Continuing medical education practices are activities that ensure the continuity of medical education. The aim of these activities is to improve the knowledge and skills of medical doctors for better health care for patients and community. The purpose of this study was to present the feedback received from the participants in the first clinical education and research unit in Turkey in workshops held between 2008-2020. Methods: Medical students, and specialist physicians in continuing medical education attended the workshops. Knee, shoulder and hip arthroscopical procedures, surgeries related with temporomandibular joint, peripheral nerve dissection, ear surgery, nail surgery and cadaver aesthetic application techniques were some of the organized courses. Feedbacks regarding the anatomy unit were received from the participants and instructors at the end of the courses, regarding the education period of 2008-2020. A total of 443 participants and 97 instructors filled the questionnaire. Results: 79.2% of the participants who filled out the questionnaire had very positive expectations prior to the course; the rate of expectations met was 97.4% at the end of the course. The ratio of satisfied participants was 88.3%. Among the instructors, the level of positive expectations prior to the training was 83.5%, and the rate of expectations met was 97.5% following the end of the course. The rate of satisfaction from the quality of the training was 91.8%. Conclusion: The Clinical Anatomy Training and Research Unit in Akdeniz University School of Medicine was assessed as of highly beneficial for both undergraduate medical students and specialist physicians in continuing medical education. The majority of the participants were satisfied with the applications, quality of training, and available resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supernumerary heads of the biceps brachii muscle have been widely studied regarding their origin, insertion, size, innervation and racial differences. The most frequent variation of the biceps brachii is its supernumerary heads. During our routine dissection studies, we encountered supernumerary head of the biceps brachii muscle on two cadavers. Additionally, the supernumerary heads had abnormal attachments. We think that such variations should be kept in mind during surgical and diagnostic procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Clinicians need accurate, reproducible, and costeffective analysis systems in analyzing movements. Although marker-based motion analysis systems have been accepted as gold-standard methods, they are difficult to access due to high costs. In addition, placing the markers is time-consuming and disadvantageous in patient comfort. With the developing technology, motion analysis systems that do not need a marker are widespread. Our study is to test the usability of Microsoft's new motion sensor in analyzing shoulder movements. Methods: In our study, we tested the dominant side shoulder flexion movements of 10 healthy individuals (5 females and five males) using the Microsoft Azure Kinect sensor. We used iPisoft 3D analysis software for the study. We calculated the range of motion of the shoulder joint Results: As a result of the analysis, we determined the range of motion during shoulder flexion to be 160±5°. Conclusion: The results we found are close to the range of motion of healthy individuals. We think Microsoft's new version sensor can be used in the shoulder range of motion. Future studies that will include more participants and different joint movements will better understand. Our study was financially supported by Akdeniz University Scientific Research Projects Unit (TSA-2020-5373). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Determination of Cobb angle over radiographs or identification of the POTSI index over two dimensional photographs are the conventional methods in the diagnosis and the follow up of the scoliosis. However, evaluation of scoliosis with a noninvasive and accurate method is a matter of concern in order to eliminate the radiation exposure and to obtain reliable data. Methods: The dorsal region of five patients (2 male, 3 female) aged between 9-16 with scoliosis were scanned with a hand-held light scanner. The value of asymmetry was evaluated with comparison of two surfaces obtained from original scans and mirrored image of the scans. The root mean square (RMS) value and POTSI index was calculated. Additionally, Cobb angle was measured over radiographs. In order to test correlation among the measurements the Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated. Results: The Cobb angle was measured as 21.38°±9.8, POTSI index was calculated as 16.75±6.9 and RMS as 6.1 ±3.5mm. A very strong significant correlation was determined between RMS and POTSI index (r=1, p=0.017). Any significant correlation was not observed either between Cobb angle and POTSI (r=-0.3, p=0.68) or RMS (r=-0.3, p=0.68). Conclusions: We can conclude that while similar results are obtained with POTSI index and RMS, Cobb angle results differ from them. The limitation of our study is the number of patients. Our results need to be confirmed with future studies on a large cohort of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]