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Copyright of INES Journal: The Journal of International Education Science / Uluslararası Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of INES Journal: The Journal of International Education Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Izmir Katip Celebi University Faculty of Health Sciences Journal / İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Health Sciene Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Transde rm al deliv ery of an active substance is promising, but a challenging option is available for local and systemic effects. The prolonged residence of formulation in the skin is important for topical delivery. In this study, it was aimed to develop a formulation that can overcome the stability and absorption problems of the vitamin C active substance by preparing nanogels. Nanogel-based materials have high drug loading capacity, biocompatibility, stability, and biodegradability, which are the key points to design a topical drug delivery system. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and chitosan (CS) were used to prepare nanogels by a simple green self-assembly technique. Prepared nanogels were successfully used to entrap vitamin C, with an entrapment ratio between 86.08% ± 1.29% and 107.93% ± 1.04%. The studies started with vitamin C analysis and continued with characterization studies such as homogeneity, pH, viscosity, rheological properties, zeta potential, polydispersity index, particle size, and in vitro dissolution studies of nanogels. The antioxidant activities of the formulations were also tested by cell culture studies. The antioxidant activities of the nanogels were also tested by in vitro 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. Although topical vitamin C is effective in many ways, it has a risk of serious stability and absorption problems. The present work was aimed at developing pharmaceutically optimized topical nanogel formulations of vitamin C for antioxidant effect. An optimum nanogel formulation was composed of a 1:4 ratio of CS:BSA with (F19 formulation) in terms of entrapping vitamin C, formulation homogeneity, pH, viscosity, rheological properties, zeta potential, PI, particle size, in vitro dissolution and cell culture studies. The optimized formulation showed higher antioxidant efficacy in vitro than vitamin C. In conclusion, prepared topical nanogel of vitamin C was stable and could be used with promising potential for topical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]