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Objective: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is an important mental health disorder that is common in adolescence. In our study, it was aimed to evaluate depression severity, treatment methods and clinical features of adolescents who were followed up and treated with MDD diagnosis. Methods: Between January and December 2015, 350 adolescent patients between 12-18 years of age who consulted with child and adolescent psychiatry clinic and diagnosed by unipolar MDD according to DSM-5 was reviewed. The sociodemographic and clinical features of these cases were evaluated. SPSS 17.0 was used for statistical evaluation. Results: MDD was diagnosed in 350 (7.5%) of 4,646 adolescents who applied to the outpatient clinic during the 1-year period. Girls were 75.4% of the sample. When the cases were classified in terms of severity of depression, it was found that 45.7% of the whole sample was mild, 44.3% was middle and 10% was severe MDD and the girls were higher in all groups. Pharmacotherapy was applied in 81.7% of the sample, 15.1% of psychotherapies, 3.1% of the combination of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) alone were preferred in 87.4% of the cases. Somatoform disorder (dissociative and conversion disorder) and bereavement reaction were significant for the combined use of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. At least one adverse event was detected in 8.8% of the cases. Discussion: Compatibly the literature, in adolescence MDD diagnosis was significantly more common in females in all severity groups. SSRIs monotherapy is mostly used as the first option in treatment. Our study will contribute to the related literature in terms of involving wide sampling, treatment and severity evaluation in adolescents with MDD; but generalization may not be appropriate because of the the study’s cross-sectional and situation determination nature

Objective:This study aimed to explore children of foreign nationalities admitting to the child psychiatry department of a training and research hospital, including their clinical features and interventions practiced.Method:Hospital records and chart fi les of foreign children who had applied to the Child Psychiatry Department of Ankara Child Health and Diseases Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital between September 2016 and 2017, were retrospectively evaluated.Results:In total, the sample consisted of 283 foreign children with a median age of 7.9 years where 63.3% were male and more than half were Syrian (52.7%). Mean living duration in Turkey was 1.6 years. Child and adolescent psychiatry unit was their index application in the hospital for 34.6%; while 65.4% were refered from other medical branches in the hospital, most frequently child neurology (37.1%). Only 18.4% (n=25) of the sample were involved in any type of educational system while remainining 81.6% (n=231) were not attending school at the time of the study. Of all, 54.1% (n=153) of the cases met the criteria for any psychiatric diagnosis according to DSM- 5 classifi cation, with most frequent being mild intellectual dysfunction (29.7%, n=84). Evaluation with a request to obtain disability report was carried out in 62.5% (n=177) of the cases. Pharmacological treatment was either initiated or continued in 12% (n=34), with primarily recommended agents being antipsychotic drugs (4.9%, n=14).Discussion:Cases were mostly school-aged children and it was striking to determine that only one fi fth had been attending school at the time of the study. Approximately one in three index admissions to our hospital was to the child psychiatry department. Most of these applications were consulted by the child neurology department and main motive of application was to be evaluated for an eligibility to obtain disability reports from the health board of the institution.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate the relation between psychiatric diagnoses and internet usage in a clinical sample of adolescents and determine the pattern of internet use. METHODS: Adolescents aged 13-17 years who admitted to a child-adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic for some emotional or behavioral problems were included. Psychopathologies were evaluated via clinicial interview and sociodemographic form and internet addiction scale were applied to be fulfilled. p

Objective Specific learning disorder (SLD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder frequently seen in childhood with deficits in many areas of functioning. Although the etiology of SLD is known to be multifactorial, research findings are limited. In this study, we aimed to compare the serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in children with SLD to healthy children to find out whether BDNF has a role in the pathophysiology of SLD. Method The study included 30 children between the ages of 7-12, diagnosed with SLD and 30 age and gender matched healthy controls. The groups were tested on the Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Interview Schedule for School-age Children-Now and Lifetime Form (K-SADS-PL), the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-revised form (WISC-R), the Teacher Information Form (TIF) and the Specific Learning Difficulty Battery (SLDB). Results No difference the serum BDNF levels in children with SLD and the healthy controls. BDNF levels did not correlate with the WISC-R scores and reading rate in the SLD group. Conclusion An association was not determined between SLD and and serum BDNF levels. Our study was the first to investigate this relationship and provided preliminary data on this topic. There is a need for further studies with large patient groups of phenotypic homogeneity.

Amaç: Ergenlik dönemindeki intihar girişimi, tüm dünyada yaygın bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. İntihar davranışı için biyolojik, psikolojik ve sosyal olmak üzere pek çok risk faktörü bulunmaktadır. Ergen intiharlarında, intiharla ilişkili davranışlarla ebeveyne güvensiz bağlanmanın ilişkisi çeşitli çalışmalarda gösterilmiştir. Ülkemizde ergenlerde bağlanma ve intihar girişimi arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyen az sayıda araştırma bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, intihar davranışı olan ve olmayan ergenlerde anneye bağlanma ve intihar davranışıyla ilişkili diğer faktörlerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem: İntihar girişimi nedeniyle bir eğitim araştırma hastanesine başvuran 49 ergen çalışma grubu olarak, intihar girişim öyküsü bulunmayan 47 sağlıklı ergen ise kontrol grubu olarak çalışmaya alındı. Tüm katılımcılara sosyodemografik veri formu, Çocuklar için Depresyon Ölçeği (ÇGÖ), Ebeveyn ve Arkadaşlara Bağlanma Envanteri- Kısa Formu (EABE-KF), İntihar Davranışı Ölçeği (İDÖ), Güçler ve Güçlükler Anketi-Ergen Formu (GGA) verildi ve Okul Çağı Çocukları için Duygulanım Bozuklukları ve Şizofreni Görüşme Çizelgesi- Şimdi ve Yaşam Boyu Şekli uygulandı. Bulgular: İntihar girişimi grubunda %81.6 oranında psikopatoloji saptandı. İntihar girişiminde bulunan grubun, GGA akran sorunları alt ölçeği dışındaki tüm alt ölçeklerinin (duygusal, davranışsal, hiperaktivite, dışavurum ve içeatım) puan ortalamaları, ÇDÖ puan ortalamaları, İDÖ toplam puan, İDÖ-1, İDÖ-2 ve İDÖ-4 puan ortalamaları sağlıklı kontrollerden istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksekken, EABÖ anne bağlanma ölçek ortancası anlamlı düzeyde daha düşüktü. İDÖ toplam, İDÖ-1 ve İDÖ-2 ve İDÖ-4 puanları ile ÇDÖ puanı ve GGA toplam puanı ve tüm alt ölçek puanları arasında pozitif korelasyon, EABÖ anne bağlanma alt ölçeği puanı ile ise negatif korelasyon saptandı. Lojistik regresyon analizinde, EABÖ anne bağlanma ölçek puanları İDÖ toplam ve İDÖ-4 puanlarını yordamakta idi.Tartışma: İntihar grubunda anneye bağlanma puanlarının düşük olması güvensiz bağlanmanın intihar davranışı için önemli bir risk faktörü olabileceği şeklindeki yazınla uyumludur. İntihar girişimi olan ergenlerde anneye bağlanma, intiharın ciddiyeti ve gelecekteki intihar niyetini yordamaktadır. Ebeveyn-ergen bağlanmasını iyileştirecek yaklaşımlar, intiharın önlenmesi açısından önemli rol oynayabilir. Bu alanda ileri çalışmalara gereksinim bulunmaktadır., Objective: Adolescent suicide attempt is a common public health problem all over the world. There are many biological, psychological and social risk factors for suicidal behavior. In adolescent suicides, the relationship between suicidal behaviors and insecure attachment to parents has been shown in various studies. In our country, there are few studies examining the relationship between attachment and suicide attempt in adolescents. In this study, we aimed to investigate other factors related to mother attachment and suicidal behavior in adolescents with and without suicidal behavior.Methods: Of 49 adolescents who admitted to a training and research hospital for suicide attempt were included in the study group and 47 healthy adolescents whose no history of suicide attempt were included. All participants were applied a sociodemographic data form, Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), Inventory of Parents and Peer Attachment-Short Form (IPPA-SF), Suicidal Behavior Scale (SBS), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire-Adolescent Form (SDQ-A) and Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime (K-SADS).Results: Psychopathology was found in 81.6% of the suicide attempts group. The mean scores of all the subscales (emotional, behavioral, hyperactivity, expression and introductory) of the group attempting suicide except the GGA peer problems subscale, the mean scores of CDI, the total score of SBS and SBS-1, SBS-2 and SBS-4 subscale scores were significantly higher and the median IPPA-SF scale was significantly lower than that of the healthy control group. There was a positive correlation between total score of SBS, SBS-1, SBS-2, SBS-4, CDI, SDQ total score and its all subscale scores whereas a negative correlation was found with IPPA-SF maternal attachment subscale score. In the logistic regression analysis, the IPPA-SF mother attachment scale scores was predicted by SBS total score and SBS-4 subscale score.Discussion: The low attachment scores to the mother in the suicide group are consistent with the literature that insecure attachment may be an important risk factor for suicidal behavior. In adolescents with suicide attempts, attachment to the mother predicts the seriousness of suicide and the intention of future suicide. Approaches to improve parent-adolescent attachment may play an important role in preventing suicide. Further studies are needed in this field.

Amac: Ergenler arasinda akran zorbaligi evrensel bir sorundur. Calismada klinik orneklemde ergenlerde akran zorbaliginin demografik degiskenler, siber zorbalik, siber magduriyet ve ofke ifade tarzlariyla iliskisinin incelenmesi amaclanmistir. Gerec ve Yontemler: Cocuk psikiyatri poliklinigine basvuran 61 ergen calismaya alindi. Sosyodemografik form, Surekli Ofke ve Ofke Tarz Olcegi, Akran Zorbaligi Belirleme Olcegi-Ergen Formu, Siber Zorbalik Olcegi ve Siber Magduriyet Olcekleri kullanildi. Ergenlerde psikopatoloji varligi DSM-5 olcutleri esas alinarak yapilan klinik degerlendirme ile belirlendi. Bulgular: Calismaya katilan 61 ergenin %57.4’u kizdi. Yas ortancasi 15 yildi (min=11, maks= 18 yil). Ergenlerin %27.9’u magdur, %45.9’u hem zorba hem magdur ve %4.9’u zorba olarak tanimlandi. Diger siniflandirmayla ergenlerin %78.7’sinin zorba/magdur dongusunde olduklari saptandi. En sik gorulen zorbalik turu; sozel zorbalik (%37.7), en sik gorulen magduriyet turu ise fiziksel magduriyetti (%60.7). Protez varligi magdur grubunda anlamli duzeyde yuksek bulundu (p=0.041). Zorbaligin orta ergenlikte anlamli duzeyde yuksek (p=0.026), zorbalarin akademik basarisinin daha kotu oldugu bulundu (p=0.008). Magdurlarin babalarinin anlamli olarak dusuk duzeyde egitim almis olduklari saptandi (p=0.036). Hem zorba hem magdur grupta; siber zorbalik, Surekli Ofke ve Ofke Tarz Olcegi ofke disa alt olcegi ve ofke ice alt olcegi puanlari, zorbaliga karismayan grubun puanlarina gore anlamli duzeyde yuksek bulundu (sirasiyla; z=- 3.167, p=0.003; z=-3.735, p=

Objective: There are studies showing that there is a significant relationship between ADHD and obesity. However the number of studies conducted on this topic is limited in our country. It is aimed to evaluate obesity frequency, distribution of psychiatric comorbidity and food addiction in children and adolescents with ADHD who applied to our outpatient clinic. Methods: Our sample size was planned to represent Ankara city and power analysis revealed that a sample of 369 individuals would be sufficient for the representation. Our sample consisted of 400 children aged between 8-16 years who applied to our clinic between June 15, 2016 and June 15, 2017 and diagnosed as ADHD. All cases were administered a semi-structured clinical assessment interview (K-SADS-PL) and a sociodemographic data form. Body mass index (BMI) of all subjects was calculated. The Conners Parent Rating Scale, The Conners Teacher Rating Scale and the Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children (YFAS-C) were used. According to age and sex, weight percentiles between 85-94 percentiles was defined as overweight, ≥95 percentile was defined as obese. SPSS 17.0 was used for statistical analysis, p

Karlıdere, Tunay (Balıkesir Author), Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the posttraumatic stress symptom severity and possible related factors after Cubuk Tornado in children after one, four and 12 months. Methods: A group of researchers who were psychiatrist and psychologist interviewed 62 children who were present in the village at the time of the tornado. Fifty-two children were eligible for the research. The demographic data and the possible risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been evaluated with Child Posttraumatic Stress Reaction Index (CPTS-RI). The evaluation has been repeated after 4 and 12 months. Results: In the end of first month 25 children (48.1%) did not have posttraumatic stress symptoms according CPTS-RI (< 12). Fourteen (26.9%) had mild, nine (17.3%) moderate and four (7.7%) severe posttraumatic stress symptoms. The posttraumatic stress symptoms decreased in 4(th) and even more in 12(th) months. The symptoms were found statistically significant more severe in girls, in direct trauma experiencing children, and in children living in economic problem experiencing families due to the tornado. Discussion: The decrease of the CPTS-RI scores during follow up and more severe symptoms in girls, in subjects directly experiencing the tornado and in subjects experiencing economic loss due to the trauma was compatible with similar follow up studies. Since children have limited cognitive and verbal skills it can interfere to express their thoughts and feelings. This makes more important to asses the degree of posttraumatic effects in children. Follow up studies give reliable data about factors effecting the severity and change with time of PTSD symptoms in children. Regarding preventive mental health follow up studies are important and should widespread. (Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2011; 12:62-67)

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the medication use in children and adolescents with mental retardation (MR) retrospectively in a cross-sectional study. Method: Between June and December 2013, records of the children and adolescents admitted by our policlinic were retrospectively evaluated and those who had MR diagnosis were analyzed. Results: Male sex was found as statistically related to the presence of psychiatric comorbidity and the pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). At least one medical diagnosis accompanying with MR was found in 49.7% (n=781) of all patients. 79.6% (n=1252) of all patients did not use any medication, 16.7% (n=262) of all sample were using one medication agent, 3.5% (n=55) of patients were using combined pharmacotherapy. The predictors of psychotropic medication were the following: the presence of comorbid any of psychiatric disorders, having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), having conduct disorders (CD) and having anxiety disorders. Conclusions and Recommendations: This study has a descriptive nature of the children with MR admitted to the child psychiatry department. It was noticed that psychotropic agent use is preferable if there is a comorbid situation in mental retardation. There is a need for further studies with prospectively planned, multi-central with larger sampling in our country to draw up a way of health policies related to the children with MR.