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The skull is an important anatomical structure to discern dog breeds and wolves from dogs. For this purpose, skull morphology and some morphometric measurements of Malakli dogs, a local breed in the Aksaray region, were examined. Thirty-one distances were measured, and the skulls, which were computerized tomography, were converted into three-dimensional (3D) images in fourteen skulls (7 male-7 and female) of adult dogs. Different morphological features and statistical findings that were not revealed by taking measurements from 30 distinct anatomical points of Aksaray Malakli dog skull bones were determined in accordance with the literature. It was determined that males were greatest than females in most of the osteometric measurements as well as in surface area and volume measurements. Through examination of the cranial morphometric characteristics and 3D images of Aksaray Malakli dogs, the results of this study demonstrated differences between the sexes. In addition to showing some similarities to the cranial structure of several carnivores, there are also some different anatomic characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicinal plants used in the treatment of animals in Rize province in northeast of Türkiye were recorded through semi-structured interviews with farmers and shepherds. The collected data were analyzed using the quantitative indices informant consensus factor (FIC) and fidelity level (FL). It was identified that a total of 38 plants belonging to 30 families were found used in ethnoveterinary. The most cited families were Fabaceae and Asteraceae. The highest FIC was recorded for digestive system diseases (0.93), followed by skin diseases (0.88) and milk production (0.85). The high FL values were Datisca cannabina L. for varroa, Malva sylvestris L. for wound healing, and Sambucus ebulus L. for external parasite (respectively 100%). Ethnoveterinary uses of Datisca cannabina L., Caltha palustris L., Bryum schleicheri Schwägr., Adiantum capillus-veneris L., Solidago virgaurea L. were recorded for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of advances in science and technology, the importance of metal matrix composite materials is increasing gradually today. However, in many studies, composite production is carried out with monotype ceramic particle reinforcement. In this study, the production, microstructure-hardness, and wear performance of composite-hybrid materials that had AA 7075 aluminum powder metal matrix and were reinforced by SiC and Al2O3 ceramic particles at different ratios were examined. The prepared Matrix and reinforcement powder mixtures were mixed for half an hour in the three-axis Turbula T2F type mixer and then, pressed unidirectionally and cylindrically under the pressure of 700 MPa. The pressed samples were sintered for 1 h at a temperature of 600oC in the argon atmosphere. Microstructure examinations were carried out using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and optical microscope devices, while hardness measurements were obtained as a result of Brinell measurement. Wear performance of the test samples were tested in the Pin-on-disk type device at 10 N load and 500 rpm rotation speed by depending on the wear distances at 1000, 1500 and 2000 m. It was observed that hardness increased as the amount of ceramic particle in composite-hybrid samples increased. As a result of wear tests, in hybrid composites, compared to single-phase ceramic particle reinforced composites, weight losses increased depending on the increase in the reinforcement amount.

Summary: Irisin is mainly secreted by heart and skeletal muscle cells. It is an exercise‐induced protein that converts white adipose tissue to brown. Increased irisin expression was lead to weight loss and improved glucose tolerance. We investigated irisin immunoreactivity in various tissues of the dwarf hamsters (Phodopus roborovskii). Tissues were processed, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 5 μm and stained immunohistochemically for irisin. In the retina, irisin was found almost all layers, except outer nuclear layer. Also, irisin immunoreactivity was observed in the skin, cornea, striated muscle, parotid gland, tongue, oesophagus, stomach and small intestine. The findings from this study support the notion that skeletal muscle is not the primary source of irisin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Share of government expenditures in the GDPs are increasing virtually everywhere. Available data for developed countries indicate that the beginnings of this upward trend date back to the mid-19th century. Interestingly, economic growth rates did not increase significantly over time despite the increases in government expenditures. Low income countries today spend more than the double of what today’s developed economies were spending on average in 1900. However, this is not helping them to converge to richer economies. Why are government expenditures increasing then? This question might have global pertinence but due to the variety of country-specific factors, it can be best studied on a single country level. In this article, the country of focal interest is Turkey. Five important variables that might affect government expenditures from different angles are evaluated regarding their contributions to the out-of-sample predictions of government expenditures using random forest methodology. Military expenditures are estimated as primarily important for determining the government expenditures in Turkey in the last fifty years, while tax collections happened to be the second most important factor affecting the ups and downs of government expenditures around a time-varying average line. Per capita income, urbanization and inflation also affect government expenditures in various ways.

Sehmus Pala,1 Remzi Atilgan,1 Zehra Sema Ozkan,1 Salih Burçin Kavak,1 Nevin Ilhan,2 Nusret Akpolat,3 Ekrem Sapmaz1 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2Department of Biochemistry, 3Department of Pathology, Firat University School of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey Objective: To examine the effects of low-to-high doses of tamoxifen on ovarian histopathology, serum VEGF, and endothelin 1 levels in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in an experimental setting.Materials and methods: A total of 20 female Wistar albino rats, 22 days of age, were randomly divided into four groups. Follicle-stimulating hormone 10 IU was administered subcutaneously in 15 rats on 4 consecutive days, with OHSS induction on day 5 by 30 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin. Group 1 (n=5) comprised 35-day-old control rats, group 2 (n=5) 35-day-old OHSS rats, group 3 (n=5) 27-day-old OHSS rats receiving 1 mg/kg of oral tamoxifen for 7 days, group 4 (n=5) 27-day-old OHSS rats receiving 3 mg/kg of oral tamoxifen for 7 days. All rats were decapitated on day 35. Serum VEGF, endothelin 1, and ovarian follicular reserve were assessed in all rats. Kruskal–Wallis variance analysis and the Mann–Whitney U-test were used for statistical comparisons. A Bonferroni correction was performed to control the inflation of significance, with a significance level set at a P-value of less than 0.025.Results: Despite higher serum VEGF, endothelin 1, follicular reserve, and angiogenesis and fibrosis of the corpus luteum in the OHSS group compared to controls, these differences were not significant (P>0.025, Mann–Whitney U-test). There was a significant reduction in the ovarian follicular reserve in tamoxifen groups compared to controls (P0.025, Mann–Whitney U-test).Conclusion: Tamoxifen 1 g and 3 g resulted in a dose-dependent increase in VEGF and endothelin 1 levels, and ovarian follicle reserves were significantly reduced in our experimental model. Keywords: low-to-high doses of tamoxifen, OHSS, cystic enlargement of the ovaries, hCG

Education has an important role in humans’ behaviours. Undergraduate education has headed among factors that influence maturation period before vocational lifes of individuals. The purpose of this study is to determine whether attitudes of university students for handicapped individuals differ according to some variables. This study which was carried out in screening model was done with 1167 people including 646 females 521 males who maintain their education at faculties taking initial teacher training in 2016 spring term at Yuzuncu Yil University. As data collection tool, Attitude Scale for Being Educated of Handicapped Individuals and Personal Information Form, which was developed by Kosterilioglu [12], was used. As statistical method, Duncan’s multiple range test was used in determining different groups following one-wat analysis of variance. Among these variables, pearson coefficients of correlation were calculated separately in groups in determining relation. In determining relationship between groups and categorical variables , chi square test was used. In calculations, value of p was taken as 0,05 and SPSS statistic program was used for calculations. While point average of attitudes of male students , who maintain their educations at Yuzuncu Yil University, for handicapped people was ascertained as 54.27±23.54, point average of attitudes of female students was determined as 55.86±26.34. A significant difference between male and female students according to gender variable was not seen in attitudes for being educated of handicapped individuals (P>0,05). It was observed that attitudes for being educated of handicapped individuals in starting and end of undergraduate term were higher than intermediate classes (P

The purpose of the study is to determine factors, which lead physically handicapped badminton players in Turkey to tend towards badminton sport, and expectations of sporters. 45 (Male: 29 Female: 16) physically handicapped sporters, who participated in Turkey Bandminton Championship for Physically Handicapped, which was arranged in Antalya on 24-26 February, 2017, from different cities, attended the study voluntarily. Developed by Sunay and his colluages [13], tendency to sports and expectation survey was used in badminton branch after expert opinions, firstly, were received and necessary regulations were made for using it in our study. In order to determine whether the difference between opinions of sporters, attending the study, according to their genders, their ages, their best sport degrees, their sport years, their parents’ educational backgrounds and jobs, is important or not, one-way analysis of variance was used. To identify resource of the difference, Duncan’s multiple range test was used. Kruskal Wallis H test was used when normality and homogeneity of variances were not provided. Value of p for comparisons was taken as 0,05. Consequently, it was determined that, in Turkey, effects of environment, friend-peer group and trainer on sporters playing at elite level as physically handicapped are high in starting badminton firstly while effects of sport complex, parents and siblings, mass media such as television and media organs on tendency to badminton are quite low. It was ascertained that liking badminton sport and delighting in earning success were effective as the reasons of physically handicappeds’ playing badminton sport and their expectations were, firstly, to be chosen for national team and to be national team sporters.

The aim of this study is to examine the self-esteem in decision making and decision-making styles of orienteering athletes in terms of different variables. 157 male and 43 female orienteering athletes, making a total of 200 athletes that joined the 3rd Level of Turkey Championship in 2015 have participated in this study which is in a survey model. The data collection tools were the Melbourne Decision-making. Quastionnaire I-II and the Personal Information Form which were adapted into Turkish by Deniz (2004). In the data analysis, descriptive statics, anova, t test and Tukey test have been utilized. There is a significant difference between athletes’ marital status, age groups, experiences in orienteering sports and self-esteem in decision making, decision making styles (p

In this study, it was aimed to investigate obesity awareness stage of 8th class students in secondary school who entered TEOG examination organized by Ministry of National Education in terms of different variables. The research was carried out with 268 male and 232 female students. Moreover, “Obesity Awareness Scale” developed by Allen (2011) and “and Turkish validity and reliability of which was performed by Kafkas&Özen (2014) as well as Personal Information Form” were used. In the analysis of the research data, Student t-test, one-way variance analysis, SPSS software program were used as well as descriptive statistics. A statistically significance was observed between the students and their parents’ habit of doing sports with total grades taken from the scale, obesity awareness and nutrition dimensions (p

Abstract Swallowed foreign bodies encounter a major problem especially in children, but fortunately they mostly do not cause any related complication and are easily passed with the stool. In this paper, an interesting journey of a needle is presented. A 20-year old female admitted to our emergency service after she had swallowed a sewing machine needle, which is initially observed in the stomach in the plain abdominal radiography. During the follow-up period, the needle traveled through bowels, and surprisingly was observed in the left lung on 10th day of the follow-up. It was removed with a thoracotomy and pneumotomy under the fluoroscopic guidance. The postoperative period was uneventful and the patient was discharged from the hospital on the day 5. We also review the literature on interesting extra-abdominal migrations of swallowing foreign bodies.

WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Suicide is an important health problem that has been common all over the world in recent years. Nursing students are a high-risk group for suicide. Factors affecting suicide risk should be investigated and included in psychiatric nursing interventions. Psychological pain is a predisposing condition for suicide risk. Studies focus on the relationship between suicide risk and psychological pain. Studies examining the moderator factors affecting this relationship are limited. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: By means of the structural equation model, the effect of resilience mediation on the relationship of suicide risk and psychological pain has been shown. In the process of going from psychological pain to suicide, resilience takes on a buffer function with its mediating effect, and this process can be prevented by the development of resilience. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Resilience can be added as a protective factor for suicide to the practices of psychiatric nursing. Initiatives to strengthen resilience can be added to psychiatric nursing practices. In this way, psychological pain and the risk of suicide can be reduced by strengthening resilience. Psychological pain can be added as a risk factor for suicide to the practices of psychiatric nursing. Within the scope of psychiatric nursing practices, nursing interventions can be structured to assess and reduce psychological pain. Interventions on strategies to manage and cope with psychological pain and initiatives to strengthen resilience can be added to suicide prevention programs created for nursing students., Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Nursing students are a high-risk group for suicide. Psychiatric nurses should investigate risk factors for suicide., Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the resilience mediation effect in the relationship of suicide risk and psychological pain in nursing students., Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between March and May 2021 with 619 students in the Akdeniz University Faculty of Nursing. A Descriptive Information Form, the Suicide Probability Scale, the Psychache Scale and the Brief Resilience Scale were used to collect data. The structural equation model approach was used to examine the resilience mediating effect on the relation between suicide risk and psychological pain, and Path Analysis was performed. The reporting of the study was conducted according to STROBE., Results: A semi-mediatory effect of resilience was found between psychological pain and the risk of suicide, and the effect size was determined to be broad (0.57)., Discussion: Resilience can be considered as a protective factor for suicide prevention in psychiatric nursing practices., Conclusion: Resilience has an effect on the relationship between psychological pain and suicide risk., Implications for Practices: The results of this study may guide psychiatric nursing practices in reducing and preventing suicide risk., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Incentive spirometer is used in lung expansion therapy to maintain alveolar patency and improve pulmonary volumes in postoperative cardiac surgical patients. Deep breathing exercises with an incentive spirometer significantly reduce the development of postoperative pulmonary complications after open-heart cardiac surgery., Aim: To determine the effect of deep breathing exercises with an incentive spirometer initiated in the preoperative period on respiratory parameters and complications in patients who underwent open-heart surgery., Methods: This randomized controlled study was conducted with a total of 66 participants. The participants were randomized into a deep breathing group (n = 32) and a control group (n = 34). The control group received hospital routine physiotherapy, and the deep breathing group started to perform deep breathing exercises with an incentive spirometer in the preoperative period. Data were collected with the Sociodemographic and Medical Data Form and Patient Follow-up Form (respiratory rate, oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) level, arterial blood gas parameters and posteroanterior chest X-ray were monitored with this form prepared by the investigators). The Medical Research Council Scale was used to determine the severity of dyspnea in the patients included in the study. Primary outcomes included respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, arterial blood gas parameters, posteroanterior chest X-ray, and evaluation of postoperative pulmonary complications development. Secondary outcomes included the mechanical ventilation time, length of intensive care unit stay, and length of hospital stay., Results: The incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications was 3.1% and 23.5% (p < 0.05) in the deep breathing and control groups, respectively. The mechanical ventilation time, length of hospital stay, and length of stay in the intensive care unit were significantly shorter in the deep breathing group (p < 0.05). In the deep breathing group, the mean SpO 2 values evaluated before surgery, on the first day in the Cardiovascular Surgery Unit, and on the day of discharge were significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05)., Conclusion: Deep breathing exercises with an incentive spirometer initiated in the preoperative period contribute to a reduction in postoperative pulmonary complication rates, shortening of mechanical ventilation time, length of stay in the intensive care unit, length of hospital stay, and improvement of pre- and postoperative oxygenation., Trial Registration: The trial was registered on June 17, 2022, at https://www., Clinicaltrials: gov/ , registration number NCT05428722., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was was performed following the guidelines of Declaration of Helsinki (2013). Ethical clearance was obtained from the The University of Health Sciences Ankara Education and Research Hospital Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Date: May 11, 2022; Approval number: 948/2022). Institutional permission was also obtained for the research. Informed written consent was obtained from the study participants, and privacy was ensured throughout data collection. Whether the patients participated in the study or not did not affect the treatment and care they received. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

We examined the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and endorsement of honour. We studied the SES-honour link in 5 studies (N = 13,635) with participants recruited in different world regions (the Mediterranean and MENA, East Asian, South-East Asian, and Anglo-Western regions) using measures that tap into various different facets of honour. Findings from these studies revealed that individuals who subjectively perceived themselves as belonging to a higher (vs. lower) SES endorsed various facets of honour more strongly (i.e. defence of family honour values and concerns, self-promotion and retaliation values, masculine honour beliefs, emphasis on personal and family social image, the so-called street code). We discuss implications of these findings for the cultural dynamics linked to SES., (© 2025 British Psychological Society.)

Objective: People's psychological tendencies are attuned to their sociocultural context and culture-specific ways of being, feeling, and thinking are believed to assist individuals in successfully navigating their environment. Supporting this idea, a stronger "fit" with one's cultural environment has often been linked to positive psychological outcomes. The current research expands the cultural, conceptual, and methodological space of cultural fit research by exploring the link between well-being and honor, a central driver of social behavior in the Mediterranean region., Method: Drawing on a multi-national sample from eight countries circum-Mediterranean (N = 2257), we examined the relationship between cultural fit in honor and well-being at the distal level (fit with one's perceived society) using response surface analysis (RSA) and at the proximal level (fit with one's university gender group) using profile analysis., Results: We found positive links between fit and well-being in both distal (for some, but not all, honor facets) and proximal fit analyses (across all honor facets). Furthermore, most fit effects in the RSA were complemented with positive level effects of the predictors, with higher average honor levels predicting higher well-being., Conclusions: Our findings highlight the interplay between individual and environmental factors in honor as well as the important role honor plays in well-being in the Mediterranean region., (© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Personality published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Al 2 O 3 , SiC, and B 4 C (10%) particle-reinforced Alumix-231 matrix composites and nonreinforced Alumix-231 blocks were produced by pressing under uniaxial pressure using the powder metallurgy method. The Archimedes density of the produced samples was analyzed using microstructures (SEM and EDS), powder size analysis, and theoretical (PSD software) and experimental methods (Co-60 and Cs-137 radiation sources). As a result of the theoretical and experimental calculations, the Alumix-231 + 10% B 4 C composite material showed the lowest shielding feature against γ radiation, while the Alumix-231 + 10% Al 2 O 3 composite material showed the highest shielding feature., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Social science research has highlighted "honor" as a central value driving social behavior in Mediterranean societies, which requires individuals to develop and protect a sense of their personal self-worth and their social reputation, through assertiveness, competitiveness, and retaliation in the face of threats. We predicted that members of Mediterranean societies may exhibit a distinctive combination of independent and interdependent social orientation, self-construal, and cognitive style, compared to more commonly studied East Asian and Anglo-Western cultural groups. We compared participants from eight Mediterranean societies (Spain, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Cyprus [Turkish Cypriot and Greek Cypriot communities], Lebanon, Egypt) to participants from East Asian (Korea, Japan) and Anglo-Western (the United Kingdom, the United States) societies, using six implicit social orientation indicators, an eight-dimensional self-construal scale, and four cognitive style indicators. Compared with both East Asian and Anglo-Western samples, samples from Mediterranean societies distinctively emphasized several forms of independence (relative intensity of disengaging [vs. engaging] emotions, happiness based on disengaging [vs. engaging] emotions, dispositional [vs. situational] attribution style, self-construal as different from others, self-directed, self-reliant, self-expressive, and consistent) and interdependence (closeness to in-group [vs. out-group] members, self-construal as connected and committed to close others). Our findings extend previous insights into patterns of cultural orientation beyond commonly examined East-West comparisons to an understudied world region. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Many researchers have examined the potential detrimental role of problematic social media use (often referred as 'social media addiction') on mental health. The present study investigated how social media addiction is associated with three components of mental health: depression, anxiety, and stress. In addition, structural equation modeling was used to test the mediating roles of internet addiction and phubbing among a sample of young adults ( N = 603). Results showed that social media addiction was associated with poorer mental health via internet addiction and phubbing. More specifically, associations between social media addiction and stress, and social media addiction and anxiety were explained by both internet addiction and phubbing. The association between social media addiction and depression was explained by internet addiction only. These results remained consistent after controlling for gender, age, frequency of internet use, frequency of social media use, and frequency of smartphone use. These findings extend the extant literature by providing evidence for the dual roles of internet addiction and phubbing in explaining the relationship between social media addiction and poor mental health. Social media addiction did not directly influence poorer mental health but did via internet addiction and phubbing. Therefore, greater awareness of the inter-relationships between technology-based behaviors and their impact on mental health is needed among a wide range of stakeholders, and these inter-relationships need considering in the prevention and treatment of technology-based disorders.

Aim: This retrospective study aims to determine the impacts of two different products (barrier cream, barrier spray) routinely used before surgery on the development of postoperative pressure injuries in patients undergoing lung lobectomy., Materials and Methods: In the study, the researchers retrospectively examined the data of 60 patients who underwent lobectomy in a university hospital's thoracic surgery clinic between 12.02.2021 and 14.02.2022. The patients were divided into two groups: those to whom a barrier cream was applied (30) and those to whom a barrier spray was applied. The Patient Description Form and the Braden Risk Assessment Tool were used in data collection. The Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were conducted for statistical analyses., Results: In the study, the development rates of blanchable erythema and stage I pressure injuries in the sacral and dorsal regions were significantly higher in patients to whom a barrier spray was applied than in patients to whom a barrier cream was applied (p < 0.05). Pain intensity in the sacral and dorsal regions was significantly lower in patients to whom a barrier cream was applied than those to whom a barrier spray was applied (p < 0.05)., Conclusion: Blanchable erythema and intraoperative pressure injury were observed less in patients in whom a barrier cream was used before surgery. Surgical nurses should first evaluate the risk in the preoperative period in the clinics and benefit from the use of barrier cream to prevent the development of blanchable erythema and intraoperative pressure injury., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest Authors has no conflict of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2022 Tissue Viability Society / Society of Tissue Viability. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the intensive care experience of postoperative patients. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted between February and May 2021 with the participation of 75 surgical intensive care patients. Data were collected using the patient identification form and The Intensive Care Experiences Scale (ICES). Shapiro-Wilks test, Mann-Whitney U , Kruskal-Wallis H test, Bonferroni Corrected Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation analysis were used in analyzing the data. Results: The mean patient age was 62.8 ± 14.9 year (min: 23 and max: 95); 53.3% (n = 40) were male. The patients' mean length of stay in the intensive care unit was 1.4 ± 1.0 days. The mean ICES score of the patients was 57.4 ± 3.9. It was found that the patients' mean scores of the "satisfaction with care" subscale varied according to the surgical procedure applied, connection to mechanical ventilation, and status of seeing other individuals receiving treatment. Conclusions: Patients' intensive care experiences were partially positive. Being aware of the patients' experiences, supporting them in biopsychosocial aspects, and being in contact will contribute to the improvement of their postsurgical intensive care experience., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2022.)

Aim: This study was carried out in order to examine whether there is a difference between the quality of life and motor skills of children with intellectual disability who participate in physical education activities and those who do not participate. Method: This study was conducted with a total of 34 children with 16 children in the control group (8 girls, 8 boys) and 18 children in the experimental group (11 boys, 7 girls) using a pre-test, post-test and control group experimental design. A 14-week "Physical Education Activities Program" was applied to the children in the experimental group. Children in the control group did not participate in physical education activities. The Bruininks Oseretsky test of motor proficiency second edition brief form 2010 to measure the motor performance and "Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL)" developed by Varni et al. in 1999 were used for children with intellectual disability. Findings: When the motor skill tests of the children with intellectual disability in the experimental group were evaluated, significant improvements were found in fine motor precision, fine motor integration, manual dexterity, bilateral coordination, balance, speed and agility, upper limb coordination, strength tests and all dimension scores for quality of life compared to the pre-test ( p  < 0.05). In the control group, a statistically significant improvement was observed in the quality of life Physical Functioning score and fine motor integration, bilateral coordination, and upper limb coordination tests ( p  < 0.05). More significant improvement was observed in motor skills and quality of life in children with intellectual disability who participated in the 14-week physical education program compared to the control group. Conclusion: Physical education activities contributed positively to improving the motor skills and quality of life of children with intellectual disability., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors., (© The British Society of Developmental Disabilities 2021.)

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the palliative care difficulties experienced by nursing students during their clinical practice., Design and Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 305 nursing students at a university in Turkey. Data were collected using a student identification form and the palliative care difficulties scale., Findings: Nursing students experience a moderate level of difficulty in providing care for palliative care patients and receiving expert support facilitates their care initiatives., Practice Implications: It is important to support nursing students during their nursing education courses and clinical training, along with psychiatric nursing skills., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

General anesthesia, prolonged immobilization, and pain may adversely affect pulmonary function in patients undergoing prosthetic surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of balloon-blowing exercises on pulmonary functions in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. The patients in the experimental group performed three sets of balloon-blowing exercises in the morning, at noon, and in the evening on the first to third days postoperatively. The increase in forced vital capacity (FVC) values between the control and experimental groups in the postoperative period was statistically significant (p < .001), in favor of the experimental group. The increase in forced expiratory volume during the first second (FEV1)/FVC ratio was found to be significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (p < .001). Patients who performed balloon-blowing exercises increased their FVC and FEV1/FVC ratio., Competing Interests: The authors have disclosed no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2021 by National Association of Orthopaedic Nurses.)

This study aimed to determine the effect of SMS use on the bowel preparation quality and satisfaction in patients who underwent colonoscopy. This study was conducted as an experimental-control study with 200 patients who had received colonoscopy in the endoscopy unit of a university hospital in Eastern Thrace of Turkey between December 1, 2016, and June 30, 2017. All patients received a standard bowel preparation. The SMS was sent in addition to the standard bowel preparation to patients in an SMS group. In the SMS group, patients were informed about the standard bowel preparation practices via SMS 3 days before colonoscopy. "Patient identification," "bowel preparation quality," and "patient satisfaction" forms were used for data collection. Chi-square and independent sample t tests were used in data analysis. The average age of the participants was 57.57 ± 12.37 years, and it was determined that most of the participants were male (64.5%) and had colonoscopy experience (55%). The bowel preparation quality was significantly higher in the SMS group than in the no-SMS group (p = .044), and most patients (91%) were "very satisfied" with being informed via SMS. Sending SMS about bowel preparation practices to colonoscopy patients improves bowel preparation quality and patient satisfaction. Integrating SMS into standard care may help patients manage the bowel preparation process.

Introduction: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit. Recently, three peptide-structured hormones, products of a single gene, have been discovered. These hormones are acylated ghrelin, des-acyl ghrelin and obestatin., Aim: To demonstrate the association of serum acylated ghrelin, des-acyl ghrelin, and obestatin levels with acne severity., Material and Methods: A total of 63 patients grouped as mild ( n = 22), moderate ( n = 21) and severe ( n = 20) acne according to the Global Acne Grading System and 20 medically healthy volunteers were included in the study. Serum ghrelin and obestatin levels obtained from the participants were examined., Results: When mean ghrelin, des-acyl-ghrelin and obestatin values of the acne-group (AG) were compared with the control group (CG), they were found be lower in the AG, but were not statistically significant. Among the patient groups, while acylated ghrelin values were highest in the severe AG, des-acyl ghrelin values were highest in mild severe AG and mean obestatin values were highest in moderate severe AG ( p > 0.05). When the groups were compared for obestatin values; the highest average value was detected in the CG. However, it was not significant when the groups were compared., Conclusions: It has been suggested that there may be a link between acne and the levels of acylated ghrelin, des-acyl ghrelin and obestatin which are decreased in the serum of acne patients. Because of the decrease observed in the levels of these hormones which have antimicrobial features, we suggest that inflammation in acne cannot be suppressed and the reproduction of the microorganisms that play a role in the aetiology of the disease cannot be prevented. The replacement of these hormones at physiologic concentrations may contribute to the acne treatment., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright: © 2019 Termedia Sp. z o. o.)

Although Anammox process is a proven technology for sidestream nitrogen removal, the process faces challenges for mainstream applications in sewage treatment plants (STPs). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of zero valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) on process performance to eliminate confronts for mainstream applications. An SBR (sequencing batch reactor) system was fed with various nZVI concentrations (0.04-5000 ppb) within 310 days of operation. Ammonium (NH 4 + -N) and nitrite (NO 2 - -N) removal rates showed 58% increase in daily measurements and 73% increase in instant measurements. Specific Anammox Activity (SAA) was noticeably higher on the days the system was exposed to nZVI compared to the unexposed days. EPS secretion, which enhances granulation of Anammox bacteria was favored by nZVI. Despite lower sludge retention time (SRT) values, the fraction of Anammox bacteria in total bacteria reached to 91-92% implying a boosting effect of nZVI on growth rate of Anammox bacteria. High Resolution Melting (HRM) analyses showed that four distinct clades were present in the reactor., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The identification of genomic variants in healthy and diseased individuals continues to rapidly outpace our ability to functionally annotate these variants. Techniques that both systematically assay the functional consequences of nucleotide-resolution variation and can scale to hundreds of genes are urgently required. We designed a sensitive yeast two-hybrid-based 'off switch' for positive selection of interaction-disruptive variants from complex genetic libraries. Combined with massively parallel programmed mutagenesis and a sequencing readout, this method enables systematic profiling of protein-interaction determinants at amino-acid resolution. We defined >1,000 interaction-disrupting amino acid mutations across eight subunits of the BBSome, the major human cilia protein complex associated with the pleiotropic genetic disorder Bardet-Biedl syndrome. These high-resolution interaction-perturbation profiles provide a framework for interpreting patient-derived mutations across the entire protein complex and thus highlight how the impact of disease variation on interactome networks can be systematically assessed.

Objectives: This study sought to evaluate pain severity and pain management methods of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome., Methods: This descriptive study was conducted with patients who were diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome (n=99) in the neurology clinic of the university hospital between August 2014 and December 2015. Patient data form, visual analog scale (VAS) and a pain management inventory were used to collect data., Results: Of the total, 64.6% of the patients experienced pain. Patients used prescription medication, massage, and exercise to control pain, and reported that the most useful method was exercise, followed by massage and, finally, prescription medication., Conclusion: Healthcare professionals may share the findings of relative benefit according to method of pain management and encourage patients to use non-pharmacological methods.

The aims of this study are to evaluate whether or not there is a relationship between mastalgia with anxiety and depression in young women with mastalgia who do not have organic breast pathology and to examine the effect of pain on the quality of life. Forty female pre-menopausal patients between the ages of 20-40 years with mastalgia and 40 totally healthy volunteers with the same characteristics were investigated with the Short Form 36 (SF-36), Hamilton Depression Scale, and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale prospectively following breast examination and radiological examination. Statistical assessments were performed using the SPSS 11.5. Anxiety levels were observed to be higher in the patient group (p = 0.04). The depression level was higher in the patient group; however, this was not statistically significant (p = 0.08). The quality of life of the mastalgia group was determined to be lower than that of the control group, and the sub-parameters of physical function (p = 0.04), body pain (p = 0.02), general health (p = 0.03), and energy (p = 0.008) were found to be significantly low. There may be a relationship between mastalgia and depression in young women with mastalgia; however, a closer relationship between anxiety and mastalgia is observed. Mastalgia affects the quality of life of an individual negatively at a significant degree.

Purpose: Colonic pseudo obstruction disease commonly seen in the elderly, immobile patient group can cause serious mortality and morbidity. Our objective in this retrospective study is to share our clinical experience by evaluating patients with Ogilvie syndrome who were followed and treated in our clinic., Methods: Eleven cases with the diagnosis of Ogilvie syndrome followed up and treated between September 2010 and April 2013 were evaluated retrospectively. All the patients that had no symptoms of acute abdominal pain were initiated conservative treatment. Colonoscopic decompression was attempted for patients whose clinical pictures were not recovered. Patients underwent operation if they developed peritoneal irritation symptoms during these procedures and of their number of white blood cells seriously increased during the follow-up period., Results: A total of 11 patients were treated for Ogilvie syndrome. 6 of the patients underwent surgical treatment, and 5 were treated medically. Mortality developed in two patients. The main cause of mortality was a delay in diagnosis and additional severe underlying diseases. Seven patients were given Neostigmine. Of these, 2 patients required surgery and 3 patients responded to Neostigmine., Conclusion: Ogilvie syndrome is a rare cause of ileus of the colon. It is more common particularly in old patients with additional problems. If the disease is suspected and diagnosed early, unnecessary surgical interventions can be prevented with medical treatment choices.

Objective: Mastalgia is the most common complaint of patients who are admitted for breast examination. Breast pain may originate breast tissue pathologies or non-breast pathologies adjacent organs. One of the causes of mastalgia is the varicella-zoster infection of the thoracic nerve ganglions. The zona zoster infection is painful, and vesicular lesions in the infected dermatomal regions can be observed because of the reactivation of the latent varicella (Herpes)-zoster virus (VZV) in the dorsal radix of medulla spinalis. There are no reviews of the zona cases of mastalgia patients in the literature. We aimed to investigate and represent the characteristics of these patients., Materials and Methods: Patients complaining of mastalgia and who were diagnosed with zona zoster infection after physical examination and clinical evaluation in the outpatients department of General Surgery were investigated retrospectively between January 2010 and January 2015., Results: The study included 12 patients. All of them were female, and the mean age of patients was 51.66 (36-72) years. Eight of the zona cases were seen in the right breast (66.6%), and four of them were seen in the left breast (33.4%). Complaints of patients were pain (100%), eruption (70%), and burning sensation (60%). Underlying pathology was seen in one of the cases. Physical examination at admission revealed that four of the patients did not have any physical abnormality (33.3%). On the contrary of vesicular lesions, typical physical findings of zona, were seen in eight patients (66.7%)., Conclusion: Detailed history analysis and physical examination of the breast should be performed, particularly in older patients with unilateral severe mastalgia, and zona should be considered., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: No conflict of interest was declared by the authors.

Background: The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness and success of early (acute) period local surgical intervention (unroofing-curettage) followed by dressing and secondary healing with the surgery performed in elective conditions (pilonidal sinus excision and Karydakis flap) following conventional abscess treatment (drainage-antibiotic therapy) in pilonidal sinus abscess cases., Methods: The data of the patients treated for pilonidal sinus abscesses in our clinic between January 2012 and March 2013 were analyzed, retrospectively. Those who had early surgery were determined as Group S, and those who had elective surgery following drainage-antibiotic therapy were determined as Group K. Patients in both groups were compared in terms of age, gender, complications, recurrence rate and healing time. Patients were followed for an average of 14 months., Results: Of the 53 patients included in the study, 28 were in Group S and 25 in Group K. The mean age and gender distribution of both groups were similar and a significant difference was not found between the groups in terms of complication development and recurrence. However, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of treatment duration (p=0.02)., Conclusion: In treating acute pilonidal abscesses, the Karydakis method, following drainage-antibiotic therapy, is a preferable method due to its shorter treatment duration and higher patient comfort.

Objective: The aim of the study is to report our experience with fibrin glue application in the management of bleeding from the gallbladder bed during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which could not be controlled by conventional methods., Material and Methods: Three hundred eighty-two patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Fourteen patients with bleeding from the gallbladder bed, which could not be controlled by conventional methods, were analyzed retrospectively., Results: Fibrin glue was used in 10 patients. Six (71%) were female and 4 were (29%) male. The mean age was 55.7 years. Fourteen patients were operated for the presence of symptomatic gallstones. Thirteen patients (92%) had a concomitant pathology. The mean time spent to maintain hemostasis was 23.9 minutes (15-35). Blood products were used in two patients with hemoglobin values under 8 mg/dL. Hemostasis could not be achieved in a patient despite fibrin glue application, and the operation was converted to open surgery., Conclusion: The application of fibrin glue for bleeding from the gallbladder bed during laparoscopic cholecystectomy can reduce conversion rates, further studies including more patients are required.