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Copyright of Gazi University Journal of Gazi Educational Faculty (GUJGEF) is the property of Gazi University Journal of Gazi Educational Faculty (GUJGEF) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Theory & Practice in Education (JTPE) / Eğitimde Kuram ve Uygulama is the property of Journal of Theory & Practice in Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Felsefelogos is the property of Felsefelogos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Management Academy is the property of Uluslararasi Yonetim Akademisi Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Türkiye’de televizyon yayıncılığı Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumunun (TRT) 31 Ocak 1968 tarihinde Ankara’da gerçekleştirdiği deneme yayınıyla resmen başladı. Televizyon yaygınlaştıkça kitleler üzerindeki etkisi de fark edildi. 1971 Muhtırasını yapan kadronun ilk iş olarak TRT’nin özerkliğini kaldırması, televizyonun siyasi gücünün farkına varıldığını gösteriyordu. 2 Ağustos 1974 tarihinden itibaren, TRT sürekli olarak Kıbrıs Barış Harekâtı ile ilgili haber ve belgesellere yer verdi, bu sayede televizyon Türkiye açısından milli olarak kabul edilen bir konuyu tüm Türkiye’ye ve dünyaya duyurarak rüştünü ispatlamış oldu. Aynı şekilde, 1970'li yıllar, Süleyman Demirel ve Bülent Ecevit'in neredeyse her gece televizyon aracılığıyla halka hitap edip bir platforma dönüştü. Böylece, 1970’li yıllarda televizyonun politizasyonu süreci de başladı. 1970’li yıllar boyunca, televizyon bir propaganda aracı olarak nasıl kullanıldı? Televizyonun propaganda aracı olarak kullanılmasının yasal zemini nasıl oluştu? Bu makale, söz konusu sorulara cevaplar aramayı ve bundan hareketle Türk siyasi hayatına dair sonuçlar çıkarmayı hedeflemektedir. Makale, TRT Arşivi, dönemin süreli yayınları ve arşiv belgeleri ışığında televizyonun propaganda işlevi ve bunun yasal çerçevesini analitik bir şekilde değerlendirilmeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Copyright of Humanistic Perspective is the property of Fuat Aydogdu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of ROL Sport Sciences / ROL Spor Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Journal of ROL Sport Sciences / ROL Spor Bilimleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Academic Social Science Studies is the property of Journal of Academic Social Science Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences is the property of Ankara University, Faculty of Educational Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ulusal Spor Federasyonları (USF) sorumlu oldukları spor dallarının yönetimi ve denetiminden sorumlu yegâne kuruluşlardır. Dolaysıyla USF’lerin, doğru yapılanması büyük önem arz etmektedir. Uluslararası bağlamda USF’ler için öne çıkarılan yapılanma şekli ise siyasi ve ekonomik baskılardan arındırılmış özerk yapılanmadır. Bu nedenle araştırmada; Türkiye’de USF’lere özerklik hakkının tanındığı 2004 yılından itibaren günümüze kadar ilgili yasa ve yönetmeliklerde yapılan değişikliklerin, uluslararası ve ulusal bağlamda özerkliğin gereklilikleri çerçevesinde değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi metodu kullanılmıştır. 2004 yılından itibaren günümüze kadar çıkarılan yasa ve yönetmelikler incelenerek ulusal ve uluslararası bağlamda spor yönetiminde özerklik temel kriterleri çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz yöntemlerinden tematik derleme deseni kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Araştırma bulgularında göre, Türkiye’deki USF’lere 2004 yılında verilen özerkliğin ilerleyen yıllarda, Tahkim Kurulu’nun yapısı, başkan adaylığı kriterlerini belirleme yetkisinin ellerinden alınması, Spor Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü’nün (SHGM) Federasyon Genel Kurullarında sahip olduğu delege sayısı, Gençlik ve Spor Bakanı’na, Sportif Değerlendirme ve Geliştirme Kurulu raporu ile verilen yetki ve genel sekreterlik makamının sahip olduğu yetki aracılığıyla zayıflatıldığı söylenebilir. Sonuç olarak, başta özerk federasyonlardan bağımsız federasyonlara geçiş sürecinde yapılan değişiklikler olmak üzere USF’ere özerklik hakkının ilk olarak tanındığı 2004 yılından günümüze kadar ilgili yasa ve yönetmeliklerde yapılan değişikliklerle USF’lerin özerkliğinin giderek zayıflatıldığı ve siyasete daha bağımlı hale getirildikleri söylenebilir.

Copyright of Alinteri Journal of Social Sciences is the property of Adem Yavuz Sonmez and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Management & Labor / Yönetim ve Çalışma Dergisi is the property of Yonetim ve Calisma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Kişinin kendisini ahlaklı hale getirmekle yükümlü olduğu düşüncesi Kant felsefesinde önemli bir yer edinmektedir. Bunun yolu da kişinin rasyonel-özerk bir birey olmasından; yani özgürlüğünü kullanmasından geçmektedir. Kişinin kendisine karşı ahlaki ödevleri vardır ve kişi ancak bu ödevlere uygun yaşarsa ahlaki bir özne olabilir. Ancak, bazen kusurlu yapısı gereği bazen de kasıtlı bir şekilde, kişinin bu doğrultuda eylemde bulunmadığı görülmektedir. Bu durum kişinin iradesinin ahlak yasası tarafından mı yoksa kendi çıkarını düşünme ilkesi tarafından mı belirlendiğiyle ilgilidir. Kant, insanların özgürlük fikrine göre hareket etmeleri gerektiğini ve iradelerinin duy(g)usal eğilimler veya dışsal unsurlar tarafından değil de ahlak yasası tarafından belirlenmesi gerektiğini söyler. Kant’ın sözü edilen ahlak felsefesi ile eğitime yönelik yaklaşımı arasında doğrusal bir ilişki vardır. İnsanın ahlaki karakterinin nasıl gelişeceğine yönelik bir arayış eğitsel açıdan son derece önemlidir. O nedenle Kant, akademik yaşamının temel amacının iyi karakterler yetiştirmek olduğunu belirtir. Kant’ın bu konudaki yaklaşımı bu makalenin temel tartışma alanını oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Kantçı bir perspektiften hareketle sorunu irdelemeyi hedeflemektedir.

Justice has been increasingly used as the main category in the discipline of political theory to investigate the normative foundation of public life and the legitimacy of political institutions, practices and processes recent years. The normative authority of political justice requires moral justification and groundwork for its connnection with the moral self. This article will discuss this problem of moral justification of political justice by focusing on John Rawls' distributive and Axel Honneth's recognitive theories of justice. Rawls' justice as fairness, which expresses the moral background culture of liberal-democratic societies as abstract, universal and formal principles through reinterpretating the model of social contract, is not specifically concerned with the constitution of moral self and how political subjects are normatively related themselves with an idea of justice. Honneth does indeed give special attention to this moral dimension of justice by linking justice with the ideas of the good and autonomy through the theory of recognition. However his cultural-institutional interpretation of the good and justice is burdened with its own particularity, parochialism and limits. The current article argues that the limits and tensions of both theories of justice originate in taking the autonomous self as the premise for their ideas on morality, justice and subjectivity. The article also argues that this premise of autonomous self should be overcome in order to understand the constitution of moral self and its significance for developing an idea of political justice as a normative and critical understanding of public and political life.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Studies - Economics, Finance, Politics is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Harran University Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine / Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Harran University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law & History / Türkiye klinikleri tıp Etiği, Hukuku ve Tarihi Dergisi is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Marketing & Marketing Research / Pazarlama ve Pazarlama Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Pazarlama & Pazarlama Arastirmalari Dernegi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Cografya Fakültesi Dergisi DTCF Dergisi is the property of Ankara Universitesi Dil ve Tarih-Cografya Fakultesi (DTCF Dergisi) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ondokuz Mayis University Journal of Education is the property of Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of SPORMETRE: The Journal of Physical Education & Sport Sciences / Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of SPORMETRE: The Journal of Physical Education & Sport Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hacettepe University Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences / Hacettepe Üniversitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Hacettepe University, Faculty of Economic & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

SMEs play a vital role in the development of national economies. But these businesses encounter with several barriers when performing this role. To cope with these impediments, some entrepreneurial attitudes that are dimensions of Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO), namely, competitive aggressiveness and autonomy enable SMEs to achieve better performance levels by increasing their revenues and income. However, depending on the characteristics of SMEs these behaviors might differ. In this regard, the purpose of this paper is to determine and examine whether competitive aggressiveness and autonomy of SMEs differ depending on their age and size or not. To fulfil this aim, the researcher has collected data from 479 SMEs in Turkey by employing a questionnaire survey. To find differences between characteristics of firms regarding selected entrepreneurial attitudes, Independent sample T-test is applied. According to the results, competitive aggressiveness of SMEs does not differ depending on their age and size. But while autonomy of smaller and larger SMEs does not differ, older SMEs have more autonomy comparing to their younger counterparts. The reasons of those result might stem from firmentrepreneurial level characteristics of SMEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Artuklu Akademi is the property of Artuklu Akademi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Studies - Economics, Finance, Politics is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: Social functions are required to be at an optimum level to maintain and develop an individual's health at all ages. This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Social-Functional Autonomy Measurement System (Social- SMAF Scale) on elders. Material and Methods: This methodological study was conducted to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Social-SMAF scale. The research was conducted with 92 nursing home residents living in three nursing homes in Afyonkarahisar. Results: It was observed that the scale consisting of 6 items explained 70.186% of the total variance. It was found that the scale was collected under one dimension (factor), and its eigenvalue was 3.768. Sampling adequacy was checked for factor analysis to be applicable (Bartlett's Test=211.779; p<0.001 and KMO=0.770). The Cronbach Alpha coefficient for the internal consistency of the social autonomy scale was calculated as 0.80. In the confirmatory factor analysis of the scale, it was determined that it formed a suitable model that could be grouped under a single factor. Conclusion: The "Social-SMAF" scale was valid and reliable in evaluating the social independence of elderly individuals living in Turkish society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to examine teacher autonomy perceptions in basic education in terms of certain variables. With this purpose in mind, a general survey model, one of the quantitative research methods, was adopted. The research sample consisted of 614 teachers who were determined by simple random sampling among those working in Nizip district of Gaziantep. The research data were collected using the personal information protocol prepared by the researchers and the Teacher Autonomy Scale developed by Çolak and Altınkurt (2017). For data analysis, descriptive statistics such as arithmetic mean and standard deviation were used to estimate teachers’ levels of autonomy perception, and predictive analyses such as t-test and one-way variance (ANOVA) were conducted to test the statistically significant differences between groups. As a result, it was revealed that teachers had a high level of autonomy perception and there were significant differences by professional seniority, level of education, school level, age, and the area of specialization. According to these results, it is understood that teachers' perceptions of autonomy may change according to personal characteristics. In this direction, it can be suggested that this situation should be taken into account in the policies to be determined in the context of teacher autonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Spor Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Spor Bilimleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There are various minority-led separatist movements in Europe that seek to transform self-governing regions into sovereign states. The existing European states are not eager to fulfil this minority demand, but the growing separatist trends continue to cause numerous constitutional problems across Europe. The existing states are likely to resolve such problems in the name of preserving their constitutional orders. According to this article, confederal settlements would contribute to the resolution of the problems. It is possible for separatist national minorities to achieve their main aim – i.e. to construct their sovereign states – via confederal settlements. These settlements would enable secessionist minorities and their host states to preserve and promote their constitutional links. The protected and developed links would ultimately urge confederal allies – national minorities and their parent states – to turn their unions into highly stable federations or unitary states.

The Jewish people have led a nomadic life from the moment they appeared on the stage of history. The Jews who settled in the Canaan region (Palestine), created a Jerusalem-centered kingdom in a process that continued throughout the period of the Judges and Kings. The division of their kingdom, the destruction of the Temple, and the exile of the Jews increased their longing to return. Eastern Europe had Jewish settlements that played an important role in relieving this longing, even if just a little. That is why this place has begun to constitute an important place with the modern period. The most important country in this regard is undoubtedly Poland, due to this place being depicted as a holy place and paradise for the Jews and the period between the 15th-18th centuries being accepted as a golden age. The main factor underlying this depiction is the autonomy they were granted. The Jewish autonomy that operated between 1581-1764 differentiated Polish Jews by serving as a prototype as well as being a right granted by Christians. This autonomous structure was gradual at the local, regional, and national levels, and affected all areas of life. With nearly 200 years of autonomy, Poland has hosted the majority of the world’s Jews. For this reason, the main objective of this study is to reveal the position Polish Jews occupy historically and the level of rights and freedoms that had been granted to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Relations / Uluslararasi Iliskiler is the property of International Relations Council and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of E-International Journal of Educational Research is the property of E-International Journal of Educational Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Social Sciences / Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Afyon Kocatepe University (AKU) Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of National Education / Millî Eğitim Dergisi is the property of Milli Egitim Bakanligi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tüzel kişilik kavramı ve kurumu özü itibariyle Batı Avrupa Hukuku’na aittir. İslam ve Osmanlı vakıflarının tüzel kişiliği ise literatürde yeterince irdelenmiş değildir. Bu çalışmada, vakıfların vakfiyelerine göre yönetilmesi, mütevellileri yoluyla kendi gelir-giderlerini idare etmesi, davalı ve davacı olabilmesi, malvarlığına sahip olması, borçlu ve alacaklı olabilmesi gibi kriterler dikkate alınarak; genel anlamda Osmanlı vakıflarının, İslam Hukuku’na göre, tüzel kişiliğe sahip olduğu kabul edilmiştir. Ancak Osmanlı vakıflarının tüzel kişilikleri, devletin sıkı denetimi veya doğrudan yönetime müdahalesi sebebiyle, fiiliyatta Avrupa’daki muadillerine nazaran zayıf kalmaktadır. Bunların yanında, vakıfların tüzel kişilikleri tartışılırken vakıf türlerinin göz önüne alınması gerekir. Bilhassa bu konuya yoğunlaşan çalışmada, sultan vakıfları ile büyük çaplı vakıfların de facto tüzel kişiliklerinin, küçük çaplı vakıflar ile aile vakıflarının tüzel kişiliklerine kıyasla daha zayıf olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Mülhak vakıfların tüzel kişiliğinin olduğu; mütevellileri olmayan ve doğrudan Evkaf Nezareti tarafından yönetilen mazbut vakıfların ise tüzel kişiliklerinin olmadığı öne sürülmüştür. Ayrıca çalışmada, vakıfların tüzel kişiliği ile iktisadi gelişme arasındaki teorik ilişkiye değinilmiştir. / The concept and institution of juristic personality is inherently owned by Western European Law. The juristic personality of the Islamic and Ottoman waqfs is not adequately examined in the literature. In this study, according to the Islamic Law, it is accepted that Ottoman waqfs have a juristic personality in general, taking into account the criteria such as managing waqfs according to their waqfiyyas, managing them with their own revenue-expenses, being a defendant-plaintiff and a debtor-creditor, and possessing assets. However, the juristic personality of the Ottoman waqfs is, in fact, weaker than the similar ones in Europe, due to strict control or direct intervention of the state in the waqf administration. Besides these, while the juristic personality of the waqfs are discussed, it is necessary to consider the types of the waqfs. For instance, de facto juristic personality of the sultanic waqfs and large waqfs are weaker than the juristic personality of small waqfs and family waqfs. In addition, mülhak waqfs” have a juristic personality, but mazbut waqfs” not. Because, none of mazbut waqfs” have own organ, and are administrated by Ministry of Awqaf. The study also addresses the theoretical relationship between the juristic personality of waqfs and economic development.

Copyright of Turkish Studies - Educational Sciences is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Foreign language skills are important in establishing communication between guest and host community in tourism. Unfortunately, at universities, which are responsible for teaching the foreign language skills needed by students in tourism education, acquisition of speaking skills constitute the most challenging issue in practice. At this point, the willingness to communicate (WTC) is an issue that needs to be explored as one of the factors that are supposed to affect success in second and foreign language learning. Therefore; the study aims to investigate the relationship between the satisfaction of basic psychological needs of undergraduate tourism students and their WTC in English. In the study, quantitative research was adopted and questionnaire technique was used to collect the data. The concept of basic psychological needs are discussed in three dimensions as autonomy, competence and relatedness whereas the dimensions of WTC in English are WTC Native speakers, WTC Non-native speakers and WTC classmates. In the study, confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis, ANOVA and t-test, correlation and, regression analysis were used. According to the findings of the study, autonomy positively affects the WTC in English in all communicative contexts. While proficiency is effective in WTC Native and Non-native speakers, relatedness affects WTC non-native speakers and WTC classmates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sakarya University Journal of Education is the property of Sakarya University, Institute of Education Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Inonu University Journal of the Faculty of Education (INUJFE) is the property of Inonu University Journal of the Faculty of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Language & Linguistics Studies is the property of Journal of Language & Linguistics Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Almost every socio-political transformation that over the place in history gains importance with whom and for what purposes this transformation is realized. Therefore, it will be possible to reach correct conclusions when it is evaluated within the framework of the Bolshevik Revolution of 25 October 1917, which brought the end of the Tsarist regime, and the goals and objectives of the cadres who realized this revolution. In fact, the Bolshevik Revolution and the ethnic roots of high-ranking personalities who played an active role in this process have been an issue that has been debated for a long time. In particular, the researchers who try to show that the Bolshevik Revolution is organized by external forces draw note to the presence of hundreds of Jews in the staff that carried out the revolution. On the other hand, Jewish researchers working on the subject accept the role played by the Jews in the revolution, but they emphasize that these people are 'renegade'. According to them, these people have nothing to do with Judaism. This article focuses on Jewish bureaucrats, who played an active role in the establishment of the Soviet Union. In this framework show up the active role played by Jewish persons in the process of establishing the Soviets is revealed. Also, on bureaucracy, however, the reflections of the current Jewish power on Russian society are addressed and the process of forming the Jewish autonomous region (Birobidzhan) is shed light on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For about 50 years İlhan Tekeli has been a paramount figure who has written many articles and books on higher education issues in Turkey. This study focuses on how Tekeli discusses Turkey's higher education history, problems and autonomy in higher education, evolution of higher education, growth and quality issues. Tekeli claims, in 1946 universities became autonomous and the autonomy constitutionalized with the 1961 Constitution, which gave universities a broader autonomy. But after the establishment of the Board of Higher Education (BHE) in 1981, universities lost their autonomy, and were put under the control of central administration with the increased pressure over the universities. Tekeli defined administrative autonomy as a key feature of the university. For Tekeli, extremely strong and exceptional powers of rectors bring about hardly impossible to mention the freedom of faculty members and a participatory administration. Tekeli stated that there is a need for a reform that will provide autonomy and make universities more democratic. Also, Tekeli emphasized that expansion of the higher education system cannot be assured by without giving priority to the training of qualified doctorate academics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's world, leadership is of the utmost importance for businesses to sustain their lives and provide sustainable competitive advantage. The leader should be focused on the future, not now. It is stated that this prospective perspective will facilitate the future needs of the enterprise. Ethical leadership is one of the most important of leadership that is increasingly important and subject to various researches. The determinants of entrepreneurship in organizations are both the personal factors arising from the employee and the leader behaviors within the organization. This study is particularly important in terms of providing clues as to whether or not the employees in the industrial sector in Çanakkale have an entrepreneurial spirit and which or which factors are related to them. In this context, it was found appropriate to use quantitative research methods and the data were collected by easy sampling method. In the scope of the study, a total of 320 questionnaires were distributed by the researcher to the industrial enterprises of Çanakkale province between August and October 2019 and 240 completed questionnaires were collected. When the results of the study are examined, it is seen that employees of Çanakkale industrial enterprises have a positive perspective on ethical leadership and internal entrepreneurship issues. However, employees stated that ethical leadership positively affected internal entrepreneurship [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]