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Introduction: Ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy is the standard method for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. The aim of the present survey is to assess the variability in patient preparation and technique of ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy among Turkish Urologists. Materials and Methods: In July 2004, a questionnaire was sent out to e-mail addresses of the members of Urooncological Association, asking about the details of prostate biopsy protocol of the members. The survey consisted of multiple choice questions about the patient preparation and prostate biopsy technique. Responses were acquired via e-mail and analyzed in detail. Results: Thirty two urologists from 24 centers responded. The biopsy procedure was performed by the urologist only in 54.16% of the centers, both urologist and radiologist in 37.5%, and radiologist only in 8.33%. Transrectal route was the most common method for ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy. A half of the responders performed biopsy when PSA was greater than 4 ng/ml. All of the centers administered antibiotic and a half of them used enema before the procedure. Approximately 37% of responders did not administer any type of analgesia, but 29.1% of all responders administered a periprostatic nerve block for reducing pain during the procedure. Most urologists obtained 10 or 12 biopsy cores and only 20.8% of them obtained routine transitional zone biopsy during the initial biopsy session. Conclusion: This survey demonstrated that patient preparation and technique of ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy is not standardized among Turkish Urologists, and a guideline on prostate biopsy is needed.

Chromium is an essential trace element that plays a role in carbohydrate metabolism. Chromium is required for optimal insulin activity and maintenance of normal glucose tolarence. Chromium deficiency is associated with elevated blood glucose and decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL) and insulin levels. If chromium intakes adequately from diet it protects people from two important diseases (cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus) that develop due to chromium deficiency. Essential trace elements play a key role in enzyme systems also they have lots of roles that include are in organisation of winter structures such as mitochondrium and ribozome and neural transmission activity of enzymes and membran transport. They have function about protection and construction of protein and nucleic acids and stabilization of ribozomal structures. Inadequacy of these elements in serum and tissues cause decreasing an activation of metabolic events that directed by enzymes. The absorbtion of chromium was greatest in the jejenum followed by the duedenum and ileum by diffusion. Chromium primarily binds to the beta globulin following absorbtion only small amounts of chromium were bound to albumin gama globulin alfa-1 and alfa-2 globulin. It mainly excreted through the kidneys but small amounts of chromium are lost in hair sweat and bile and it can not be reabsorbed by the kidney. Adequate daily dietary intake for chromium in adults aprroximately 50-100 mcg/dl analyzing of chromium is difficult due to its low concentrations in biological materials. Such low consecrations restrict the techniques for chromium analysis to atomic absorption spectrometry graphite furnace mass spectrometry and neutron activation analyse. Trivalent chromium (+3) has a low order of toxicity becomes only at extremely high amounts, however hemalent chromium is extremely toxic. Chromium is vitally essential trace element for maintenance of normal glocose tolerance.

Objective: In this retrospective study, we wanted to determine the prevalence of adolescent pregnancies and educational status of the adolescent pregnant women admitted to the outpatient clinic of Kirikkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Materials and Methods: Records of antenatal follow up of 954 pregnant women between February 2001 and September 2003 were analyzed. Results: Out of 954 pregnant women who were followed up antenatally, 7.9% were in adolescent age group. As for the educational status of these adolescents, 69.3% were primary school graduate, 26.6% were high school graduate and 1.3% were attendant to a university programme. Conclusion: Although the rate of adolescent pregnancies admitted to the outpatient clinic of Kirikkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (7.9%) was not as high as in the general population of Turkey, their educational status were higher.

PubMedID: 14767091 Literature indicating clinical growth hormone deficiency due to depression is extremely limited, despite a well-known impaired basal and/or stimulated growth hormone secretion in depressive disorders. In this communication, we present a case of short stature due to growth hormone neurosecretory dysfunction in a nine year old girl with major depressive disorder.

Amaç: Bölgemizdeki gebe kadınlarda, preeklampsinin görülme prevelansının ve ortaya çıkış haftasının belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Mateyal ve Metod: 2000-2003 yılları arasında Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum polikliniğine başvuran birinci, ikinci ve üçüncü trimesterdeki 1200 gebe çalışmaya dahil edildi. Tüm gebelerin aylık izlemlerinde kan basıncı, vücut ağırlığı, pretibiyal ödem, tam kan sayımı, karaciğer ve böbrek fonksiyon testlerine bakıldı. Hipertansiyon saptanan gebelerde, günlük protein atılımını tespit amacı ile 24 saatlik idrar toplandı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil olan 1200 gebenin; yaşları 24-39 arasındaydı ve ortalama gravidaları 3 idi. Bunlar içinde 22 preeklampsi vakası, ortalama 28. gebelik haftalarında tespit edildi. Bunların %77,27'si hafif, %22,73'ü şiddetli preeklampsi idi. Yapılan takiplerde, kan basınçları hastaların %77,27'sinde 140/90-160/11OmmHg arasında, %22,73'ünde 160/110mmHg'nın üzerinde bulunmuştur. 24 saatlik idrar analizinde proteinüri miktarları %22,73'ünde 300mg/dl'nin altında, %68,18'inde 3OO-5000mg/dl arasında ve %9,09'unda 5000mg/dl'nin üzerinde saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Kırıkkale ilinde gebelikte preeklampsi prevelansı % 1,83 ve ortaya çıkışı ortalama 28. gebelik haftası olarak tespit edilmiştir. Objective: We intended to determine the prevalance of preeclampsia and the diagnosis week of preeclampsia, in the pregnant women in our region. Materials and Methods: 1200 women with first, second and third trimester whom appealed to Kirikkale University faculty of Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, were admitted in this study. All pregnant women were followed via blood pressure measurement, body weight, determination of pretibial edema, count blood cell, liver and renal function tests monthly. Women for w horn hypertension was established, for determination of daily protein excretion 24 hour urine was collected. Results: 1200 pregnant women was admitted in the study, aged between 24-39 and the mean gravidity was 3. In those, 22 preeclampsia cases, were diagnosed 28"' at gestational week . 77,27% of patients with the preeclampsia the condition was mild, 22,73% was severe. In the trial, the blood pressure measurements were invented between 140/90 160/110 mmHg in 77,27% of patients and higher than 160/110 mmHg in 22,73% of patients. In the 24 hour urine analysis, quantity of proteinuria was established below 300 mg/dl in 22,73%, between 300-5000 mg/dl in 68,18% and higher than 5000 mg/dl in 9,09%. Conclusion: The prevalance of preeclampsia was 1,83% in Kirikkale and the patient with preeclampsia, diagnosis was made at appoximatedly 28{th} gestational week.

Idiopathic hyperphosphatasia is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by macrocephaly, growth and motor retardation, difficulties in walking and swelling and bowing of the limbs, elevation of the levels of bone isoenzyme of serum alkaline phosphatase and widening and bowing of the major bones due to the increased bone turnover. We present a 15 month-old girl brought with complaints of poor growth and development, and bowing deformities in limbs. On physical examination in addition to these, blue scleras, short neck, small chest, thickened and lobulated phalanges were noted. All laboratory parameters were in normal limits except serum alkaline phosphatase (4000/U/L) and thyroid function tests which indicating primary hypothyroidism. Osteopenia, expansion, cylindrical appearance, irregular periostal reaction and thinning of the cortex were the positive radiologic features which led us to the diagnosis of idiopathic hyperphosphatasia. As hyperphosphatasia is a rare skeletal disease and to the best of our knowledge this is the first case in which hypothyroidism and idiopathic hyperphosphatasia coexist, we report and discuss it.

Behçet's disease (BD) was described by the Turkish dermatologist, Hulusi Behcet, in 1937. The main symptoms of the disease vary according to the affected organs such as skin, mucosa, eyes, joints, gastrointestinal tract, vascular system and nervous system. For many years, the known vascular complications of BD have been attributed to thrombophlebitis. However, several reports have been published in recent years relating to cases with aneurysm and arterial occlusion. The aetiology is still unknown; however, vasculitic changes are common in all involved organs, z8 Pulmonary artery aneurysm (PAA) is uncommon in patients with BD. PAA may be bilateral and may also rupture causing sudden death due to massive haemorrhage or haemoptysis from an arteriobronchial fistula. The incidence of vascular involvement in our 183 cases with BD was 28.4% (52 cases) in the last 15 years, PAA was observed in four (2.2%) patients who are reported in this paper.