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The purpose of this study is to investigate the activities that children engage in with technology. In this direction, preschool children's ownership of technological devices, which devices they own and what they do with these devices were examined. This study was designed as qualitative research. The study group consisted of 34 preschool children studying during the 2023-2024 academic year. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews. The results of the study revealed that most of the children have a device at home and these devices are mostly tablets, and by smartphones. It was determined that almost all the children played digital games and the games varied. It was seen that all the children participating in the study watched cartoons, and most children watched YouTube. It was concluded that many of the children participating in the study did not watch TikTok. A thorough examination of the content they watched revealed the coexistence of appropriate and inappropriate materials. Therefore, informing parents about parental lock and similar applications that can be installed on devices, and preparing guides, books, seminars, etc. on the use of technology for parents were suggested.

Learning approaches refer to the differentiation in the purpose that students consider and the activities they choose to perform a particular learning task. Many studies have been carried out at university level, in various grade levels and fields, in order to determine the learning approaches of students and to enable them to learn to learn by enabling them to gain effective learning approaches in the light of these determinations. In this study, it was aimed to determine the learning approaches of biology teacher candidates. The study group of the research consists of 12 teacher candidates studying in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th grades of Gazi Education Faculty, Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Biology Education Department in the fall semester of the 2022-2023 academic year. The teacher candidates were selected to be 12 teacher candidates from each grade level and 9 of the candidates were girls and 3 were boys. This study is a qualitative research and the data of the research were obtained by using a semi-structured interview form consisting of 5 questions developed by the researchers. In the analysis of the data, content analysis was used in qualitative data analysis methods. When the statements of the teacher candidates were examined, the results of the research showed that one of the learning objectives of the teacher candidates was the sense of curiosity and they aimed to improve themselves in the process based on learning. The results obtained as a result of the research indicate that some of the teacher candidates aim to get high grades, organize their studies, plan their time consciously and avoid memorization. [The publication year (2022) shown on the PDF is incorrect. The correct publication year is 2023.]

The main scope of the study is to investigate the relationships between English study habits, extrinsic and intrinsic motivation, utilitarian value of English, attitudes toward English, self-reported verbal abilities, personality traits, English skills (reading, writing, speaking, and listening), and English grades. A total of 210 Turkish students take part in this study (123 females and 87 males, the mean age of participants was M = 20.91). The main results can be summarized as follows. Intrinsic motivation, attitudes toward English, and verbal abilities were in positive correlations with study habits and English grades. English study habits were in a positive relationship with English grades and all the self-reported English skills. Extrinsic motivation and neuroticism were in negative correlations with participants' English skills and grades. Extraversion, agreeableness and consciousness were in positive relationships with English skills and grades while neuroticism was in negative correlations with these variables. Openness to experience had statistically significant relationships with writing and listening skills only. There were no statistically significant gender differences in the studies variables (except in the case of the utilitarian value of English, where females' estimates were greater than those of males. [Note: The publication year (2022) shown on the PDF is incorrect. The correct publication year for this article is 2023.]

While the World Health Organization claimed a pandemic in March 2020, different online platforms started to be used all over the world, including Turkey. The increasing workload with distance education and the health concerns affected the psychological health of teachers. Even though enhancing well-being support to increase the quality of work and physical health gains importance, the psychological perspective is ignored during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study is to understand the effects of COVID-19 on teachers' well-being. Emotional changes, personal experiences, and the situation of their work were analyzed to understand the teachers' perspectives on their wellbeing. The mixed-method research design was used to understand the nature of the existing state. Quantitative results were analyzed by using a t-test. As a result of the content analysis of the semistructured interviews, there are four main themes emerged, coping mechanisms, positive emotion, interaction with school components, and areas that need to be improved. This study demonstrated that the psychological needs of teachers should be taken into consideration during the outbreak. Well-being programs should be developed for teachers in the scope of their in-service training to support teachers and meet their psychological needs.

This study aims to establish a Turkish version of the Children's Inventory of Anger Scale (ChIA) developed by Nelson and Finch (2000) to evaluate the intensity of anger experienced in potentially anger-provoking situations in children. The research sample consists of 502 primary and secondary school students attending their education in Hatay province of Turkiye. In the study, the construct validity of the ChIA, correlations of subscales with each other, criterion relative validity, Cronbach's alpha internal consistency, item-total score correlation, and test-retest reliability coefficients were examined. As a result of the confirmatory factor analysis performed for the construct validity of the scale, it was observed that the ChIA was compatible in four sub-dimensions as in the original scale and all items were placed in the relevant sub-scale. In addition, Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the ChIA was found to be 0.87, 0.78, 0.82, 0.75, and 0.81 for the sub-scales of inhibition, physical aggression, peer relations, and authority relations, respectively; test-retest consistency was found to be 0.83, 0.80, 0.82, 0.87 and 0.81 for inhibition, physical aggression, peer relations, and authority subscales, respectively. Statistical analyses of the ChIA have shown that it is a valid and reliable scale that can be used to measure the expression of anger and the impact of anger on personal relationships while assessing specific situations that cause anger in children aged 8-11 years.

Sixty (35 girls) ninth graders were assessed on measures of algebraic reasoning and usage of visual and symbolic representations (with a prompt for visual use) to solve equations and inequalities. The study grouped visual representations into two categories: arithmetic-visual, which entailed the use of real-world objects to represent specific values of variables, and algebraic-visual, which involved formal representations like the number line and the coordinate plane. Symbolic representations, on the other hand, encompassed the use of standard algorithms to solve equations, such as changing the place of terms in an equation. The results reveal that the use of algebraic visuals, as opposed to arithmetic visuals, was associated with enhanced algebraic reasoning. Further, although the students initially relied on standard algorithms to explain equations and inequalities, they could produce accurate algebraic-visual representations when prompted. These findings suggest that students have multiple representations of equations and inequalities but only express visual representations when asked to do so. In keeping with the general relationship between visuospatial abilities and mathematics, self-generated algebraic-visual representations partially mediated the relation between overall mathematics achievement and algebraic reasoning.

Objective: To determine the quality and reliability of videos obtained by searching the keywords “constipation in children” on YouTube. Method: We obtained 73 videos by searching the keyword “constipation in children” on YouTube, which were evaluated and scored independently by two pediatricians using the scoring systems; “Global Quality Scale” and “quality criteria for consumer health information”. Results: When the mean scores of the viewers were evaluated, 54.8% of the videos were interpreted as poor, 13.7% as medium, and 31.5% as good quality according to “quality criteria for consumer health information” scoring, while 52.1% were interpreted as low, 19.2% as medium, and 28.7% as high quality according to “global quality scale” scoring. When video score ratings were compared with the duration, number of views, and likes of the videos, no significant relationship was found between the views of the videos and “quality criteria for consumer health information” and “global quality scale” scores of the first and second viewers (p=0.369, p=0.316, p=0.632, p=0.815 respectively). Similarly, no significant relationship was found between the number of likes and the “quality criteria for consumer health information” and “global quality scale” scores of the first and second viewers (p=0.367, p=0.407, p=0.645, p=0.931, respectively). Conclusion: Most YouTube videos on childhood constipation are of very low quality, and the high number of views and likes does not correlate with high quality.

This study was conducted to investigate the role of the parents of students in the science and technology lessons of the project-based teaching approach. The research was carried out through a case study, one of the qualitative research methods. The data of the study were obtained from semi-structured interviews with 24 students' parents. As a result of the research, it was understood that the parents of the students saw the project as a study aimed at increasing the students' hand skills, thinking skills, and productivity to prepare something new. As a result, it was seen that after the project assignment was given by the teachers, the parents were involved in the process to help their children complete the projects. At the end of the process of doing the project assignments, it was concluded that the parents received informal training, both in one-on-one interviews with the parents who helped their children and in the observations made during the project exhibitions at the school. This situation was important in terms of the informal education of parents. It was also determined that the parents helped their children during the setup and presentation of the project and that they wanted to complete it when wrong or incomplete explanations were made. It was observed that as the contribution of the parents increased during the completion of the projects, the role of the students in the projects decreased and they did not take responsibility. It was concluded that the students thought of family aids as a tool to achieve higher academic success than the project assignments, and therefore the homework deviated from its purpose.

Global climate change poses significant threats to ecosystems worldwide, particularly impacting long-lived forest tree species such as Pinus nigra. This study assessed the potential shifts in distribution areas for Pinus nigra, an important tree species, one highly vulnerable to global climate change, given its prevalence in continental climates, in Türkiye under different climate scenarios (SSPs 585 and 245). In this study, suitable distribution regions of Pinus nigra were evaluated based on SSPs 585 and SSPs 245 using nine different models. Results indicated potential losses in Pinus nigra distribution areas ranging from 15.0% to 43.5% (SSPs 245) and 19.7% to 48.9% (SSPs 585) by 2100. However, in 2100, new suitable distribution areas are expected to be formed at rates ranging from 13.8% to 32.1% and 15.1% to 34.4% according to the above scenarios. Because most of the newly formed suitable distribution regions are quite far from the areas where the species currently spreads, it seems necessary to provide the migration mechanism needed by the species by humans to prevent population losses in this process.

Özlem, Arap şiir geleneğindeki en eski temalardan biridir. Câhiliye dönemi şairlerinden İmruülkays (ö. 540 [?]), geleneksel kasidenin nesîb adı verilen giriş bölümünde göç edip giden sevgilinin terk ettiği yerde durup kalıntılar üzerinden eski güzel günlere ve sevgiliye özlemini dile getirmiş ve bu yöntemle kendisinden sonra gelen pek çok şairin özlem şiirlerine ilham kaynağı olmuştur. Sonraki asırlarda özlem teması, şairlerin ilgisini çekmeye devam etmiş, özellikle İslâm ordusuyla birlikte fethe katılan şairler, savaş halinde oldukları için memleket, eş, dost ve çocuklarına kavuşamama korkusunu en derinden hissetmişler ve şiirleri aracılığıyla özlemlerini dile getirmişlerdir. Şüphesiz özlem şiirlerinin en fazla artış gösterdiği yerlerin başında Endülüs gelmektedir. Endülüs’te özlem şiirlerinin ilk örnekleri Endülüs Emevîleri döneminde (756-1031) ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu dönemde özlemle alakalı ilk şiir nazmeden kişi Endülüs Emevî Devleti’nin kurucusu Abdurrahman ed-Dâhil’dir (ö. 172/788). Başlangıçta Doğu’ya özlem şeklinde ortaya çıkan bu temalar, zamanla Endülüs topraklarının vatan olarak benimsenmesiyle kendine özgü bir kimlik kazanmıştır. Söz konusu dönemde, Endülüslülerin ticaret, ilim tahsili veya hac ibadeti gibi nedenlerle Doğu’ya uzun süreli seyahatler yapmaları, Endülüs’e özgü özlem şiirlerinin ortaya çıkmasında en önemli etken olmuştur. Endülüs özlem şiirlerinin dönüm noktası 5./11. asra denk gelen Mülûkü’t-tavâif dönemidir (1031-1090). Bu dönemde Endülüs’ün yirmiden fazla küçük devletçiğe bölünmesi, bu devletçiklerin düşmanla mücadele yerine birbirleriyle mücadeleye girişmeleri, bazı şehirlerin Hıristiyan krallıkların eline geçmesine ve Endülüslülerin bir şehirden başka bir şehre göç etmelerine yol açmıştır. Muvahhidler döneminin (1130-1269) sonlarından itibaren ise güneyde sınırlı bir alan dışında toprakların çoğunun kaybedilmesi Endülüslülerin bir kısmının Mağrib ve Doğu’ya göç etmelerine, ailelerinden ve sevdiklerinden ayrılmalarına yol açmıştır. Bahsedilen tüm bu faktörler, Mülûkü’t-tavâif döneminin başlarından itibaren şairlerin yoğun bir şekilde özlem temasıyla ilgili şiirlere yönelmesini sağlamıştır. Muvahhidler döneminin sonlarından itibaren artarak devam eden bu yoğun ilgi neticesinde özlem şiirleri hem konu bakımından çeşitlenmiş hem de nicelik ve nitelik bakımından büyük bir gelişme göstererek Endülüslülerin, Doğulu şairleri geçtikleri üç dört temadan biri haline gelmiştir. Onların şiirlerinde yankılanan hasret, özlem ve ayrılık duyguları, Endülüs’ün tarihî mirasında önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Bu şairlerin eserleri, sadece dönemlerinin acılarını değil, aynı zamanda insanın doğasında var olan vatan sevgisi ve özlem duygularını da yansıtmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Endülüs özlem şiirlerinin gelişim süreci hakkında kısa bilgi verildikten sonra Endülüslü şairlerin gerçek hayatlarına dair acı, ızdırap ve özlem gibi pek çok gerçek duyguyu barındırdığı düşünülen şiirlerinden örnekler sunularak bu örneklerin dönemin siyasî, sosyal ve kültürel çerçevesi içerisinde anlamlandırılması amaçlanmıştır. Şiir örnekleri; Vatan özlemi, aile özlemi, arkadaş özlemi, sevgiliye özlem ve gurbetten şikâyet olmak üzere toplam beş başlık altında incelenmiştir.

Tasavvuf tarihinde Kalenderîler, aykırı görünümleri, bazılarının şeriat karşısındaki kayıtsız tavırları, dilenme, bekarlık ve gezginlik gibi uygulamaları sebebiyle ana akım dışında (heterodoks) kabul edilmiş bir zümredir. Kalenderî coğrafya, Hindistan’dan Balkanlara, Orta Doğu’ya ve nihayet Mısır’a kadar olan geniş bir bölgeyi kapsar. Mısır, Orta Doğu’yla olan irtibatları ve yakınlığı sebebiyle, Kalenderiye tarihinin en erken dönemlerinden itibaren, doğudan gelen kalenderîlerin ilgisini çeken bir ülke olmuştur. Memlük yönetiminden önce el-Hasan b. Muhammed el-‘Ukberî ve Cemaleddîn-i Sâvî gibi kalenderîler Mısır’a gelmişler, hatta burada vefat etmişlerdir. Yine bu dönemde bazı seyyahlar, Mısır’daki tanık oldukları kalenderî zümrelere işaret etmişlerdir. Memlük döneminde de, kalenderîlerin zaviyeler açarak, çeşitli müntesipleri kendilerine çekerek bölgede varlık gösterdikleri görülmektedir. Ebu’l-Hasan eş-Şüşterî, Hasan el-Cevâlikî el-Kalenderî, Kaygusuz Abdal, el-Kutbu’l-Irâkî bu isimlerden bazılarıdır. Memlük döneminde Kalenderîlerin, bazı uygulamaları ve görünümleri sebebiyle hem ulemadan, hem de yönetimden itirazla karşılaştıkları, bununla birlikte topluma ve siyasetin taleplerine uyum sağlamaya çalıştıkları, böylece ülkede barınmaya devam edebildikleri görülmektedir. Çalışmamız, Memlük dönemindeki Mısır’da kalenderi varlığının başlıca temsilcilerini, yönetim, ulema ve halkla ilişkilerini öncelikli olarak Memlük kaynaklarını esas alarak incelemektedir. Memlük yönetimi boyunca Mısır’da, yönetimle zaman zaman gerilimler yaşasalar da kalenderîlerin varlıklarını sürdürdükleri, bölgede zaviyeler açtıkları, bazı önemli temsilciler çıkardıkları gösterilmektedir.

Background and Aim: This study aimed to characterize the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients and to shed light on the Turkish healthcare system. Materials and Methods: A total of 580 consecutive patients were enrolled in this study. The patient demographic and clinical characteristics and complaints were recorded. Blood samples were taken from the antecubital vein after an overnight fast. Results: The mean age of the study population was 56.20±15.35 years, 321 (55.3%) of whom were female, 24.8% of whom had diabetes, 55.5% of whom had hypertension, 35.4% of whom had hyperlipidemia, and 24.6% of whom had coronary artery disease (CAD). The major complaints of the patients were chest pain (157, 27.1%), control of their chronic diseases (114, 19.4), prescription of drugs (101, 17.4%), palpitation (63, 10.9%), high blood pressure (46, 7.9%), dyspnea (35, 6.0%), and other complaints (21, 3.6%). Four (0.7%) patients had no complaints, and 39 (6.7%) patients were referred from other clinics for cardiological examination. Compared with men, women more often presented to the cardiology outpatient clinic with complaints of palpitations, whereas men more often presented to the clinic for prescription of drugs. Men had a greater incidence of hyperlipidemia, CAD, and peripheral arterial disease; higher levels of glucose and creatinine; and lower total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. Conclusion: Most patients went directly to outpatient clinics without visiting primary or secondary health centers.

Morphological measurements of Anatolian chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) leaves were done within the borders of Abana district of Kastamonu province. The study was conducted using mixed (oak, beech, hornbeam, black pine, and yellow pine) medium (41% to 70%) and fully closed (71% to 100%) stands. Some leaf parameters, such as leaf blade width, petiole length, leaf blade length, leaf length, distance between lateral veins, teeth width, teeth length, the angle between the leaf base and the petiole, and the angle between the midrib and lateral veins, were measured. Moreover, stomata of the leaves picked up from precise altitudes were observed under a scanning electron microscope. The differences between fibre elevation, fibre wall thickness, elasticity coefficient, rigidity coefficient, Muhlstep rate, and Runkel ratio were found in the wood samples taken from different altitude zones. It was found that altitude did not affect leaf blade width, fibre length, fibre width, felting ratio, and lumen width. However, it was determined that altitude affected other studied characteristics.

In this study, the usability of Black Pine (Pinus nigra Arnold.) in both monitoring the changes in the concentrations of silver, selenium, antimony, and thallium (Ag, Se, Sb, and Tl), which are highly harmful to human health and environment as well as the ecosystem, and in reducing pollution is investigated. These elements, due to their potential hazards, are included in both the EPA's and ATSDR's priority pollutant lists. In the study, annual rings of a Pinus nigra tree, cut in 2023 and identified to be 356 years old through annual ring counting, were grouped into ten-year intervals, and then the changes in these heavy metals throughout the process were tried to be determined by analysing the concentrations of these elements. Additionally, the relationship of these elements with other elements was also identified in the scope of the study. The study results suggested that Pinus nigra was not a suitable bio-monitor for monitoring the changes in Ag, Se, Sb, and Tl concentrations but was a highly suitable species for phytoremediation studies aimed at reducing the pollution of these elements. Moreover, it was determined that the relationships of the studied elements with essential nutrients such as Mg, Ca, P, K, Al, Zn, Ni, Fe were not statistically significant and were very weak, whereas they exhibited positive and very strong relationships with elements known to be highly harmful for health such as V, Pb, and As.

Purpose – Talent management plays a pivotal role in shaping the quality and efficacy of health care organizations, with particular significance in nursing. Aims(s) – This research delves into the assessment of talent management for nurses, using the McKinsey 9-Box Matrix, both pre- and post COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach – Employing a retrospective design spanning six years, this study encompasses 1319 nurses evaluated using the McKinsey 9-Box Matrix. This method involves performance and potential evaluations, incorporating face-to-face interviews with the Directorate of Nursing Services executive team. Findings – Significant variations in nurse positions, department distributions, and educational backgrounds were observed before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Noteworthy shifts in McKinsey 9-Box Matrix assessments indicated pandemic-induced changes in nurse categorization. Approximately one-third of nurses were classified as B2: Core Working Group, which is crucial for workforce stability. Gender did not yield significant differences in the McKinsey 9-Box Matrix evaluations. Although variations were noted in categories A1, A2, and B1 before and during COVID-19, employment status did not significantly impact these assessments. Limitations of the study – Findings aweredrawn from a private health care group, potentially limiting generalizability to diverse settings, populations, or contexts. Practical implications – This study provides invaluable insights into the evolving landscape of nursing during the pandemic. It illuminates shifts in education levels, positions, departments, leadership potential, and specific evaluation categories among nurses. Originality/value – Contributing significantly to the existing literature, this study provides a nuanced analysis of talent management practices among nurses. The insights garnered offer a fresh perspective, informing health care organizations’ ‘talent management strategies, especially considering the evolving health care landscape shaped by the pandemic.

Abstract Pulp volume can be assessed during dental treatment. Three‐dimensional imaging techniques are not routinely used for this purpose because of high radiation doses. This study aimed to develop a novel method to measure pulp volume using periapical radiography. In this study, cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used as a reference method. Periapical radiography and CBCTs obtained from the same patients (n = 32) were recorded. Pulp volume was determined by observing the density differences between the pulp and peripheral structures using ImageJ. A method of graph and volume calculation was developed for each tooth. The Shapiro–Wilk test and Mann–Whitney U test were used to show normality and non‐normal distributions. The Bland–Altman plot was used to show the scattering of the mean versus difference values of the measurements of the two methods used to calculate the pulp volume. Normality was evaluated using the Shapiro–Wilk test. CBCT measurements are normally distributed (p = 0.307), while ImageJ is not normally distributed (p = 0.027). Therefore, the mean difference between the two groups was analyzed using the nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test. There was a statistically significant difference between the CBCT and ImageJ measurements (p = 0.01). According to Spearman's correlation analysis, the results obtained from the novel method were moderately correlated with those obtained from the reference method (r = 0.444). The results of this study indicated that a novel method‐based Java software can be used to calculate pulp volume using low‐dose radiation containing periapical radiography.

The study results revealed no statistically significant difference in teachers' perceptions of principals' technological leadership and school effectiveness in terms of teachers' gender, seniority, branch, working time at the current school, technological competence, and daily technology use. However, the findings showed a significant difference in the perceptions of technological leadership by age but not in the perceptions of school effectiveness. The analysis results revealed a strong or very strong correlation between the technological leadership and its sub-dimensions and the school effectiveness sub-dimensions. It was found that a positive increase in any sub-dimension of the technological leadership scale improved school effectiveness, and there was a significantly positive and very high relationship between school effectiveness and technological leadership. As technological leadership increased, so did school effectiveness. Accordingly, technological leadership explained 50.8% of the change in school effectiveness. Principals' technological leadership, mediated by teachers' technological literacy, affected teaching and school effectiveness.

Since the concept of sustainability is linked to the problems of daily life, educational games are an important tool to teach this concept and to reveal perceptions about this concept. This study aims to determine science teachers' views on the concept of sustainable development through educational games. This study is a phenomenological study. The study group of this study consists of 37 science teachers. In the research, five semi-structured interview questions prepared by the researchers were used as data collection tool. When the results obtained from the research were examined, it was found that teachers associated the concept of sustainable development less with the words environment and next generation rather than other words. Teachers explained the main idea of the game around the themes of society, environment and economy. In addition, teachers stated that the game process affects them in terms of knowledge, attitudes and values, behavior about sustainable resources. Most of the teachers stated that they will play the game differently after they learn what the cards and resources in the game mean. Teachers mostly explained that they would try not to consume resources and would protect non-renewable resources. Finally, after the game, the teachers classified the countries in today's world into three categories as developed countries, developing countries and underdeveloped countries.

Background: This study aimed to compare the predictive value of Pediatric Early Warning Score (PEWS) to Pediatric Risk of Mortality-3 (PRISM-3), Pediatric Trauma Score (PTS), and Pediatric Glasgow Coma Score (pGCS) in determining clinical severity and mortality among critical pediatric trauma patients. Method: A total of 122 patients monitored due to trauma in the pediatric intensive care unit between 2020 and 2023 were included in the study. Physical examination findings, vital parameters, laboratory values, and all scoring calculations for patients during emergency room admissions and on the first day of intensive care follow-up were recorded. Comparisons were made between two groups identified as survivors and non-survivors. Results: The study included 85 (69.7%) male and 37 (30.3%) female patients, with an average age of 75 ± 59 months for all patients. Forty-one patients (33.6%) required Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (IMV) and 11 patients (9%) required inotropic therapy. Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between mortality and PEWS (p < 0.001), PRISM-3 (p < 0.001), PTS (p < 0.001), and pGCS (p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis demonstrated that the PEWS score (cutoff > 6.5, AUC = 0.953, 95% CI 0.912–0.994) was highly predictive of mortality, showing similar performance to the PRISM-3 score (cutoff > 21, AUC = 0.999, 95% CI 0.995–1). Additionally, the PEWS score was found to be highly predictive in forecasting the need for IMV and inotropic therapy. Conclusion: The Pediatric Early Warning Score serves as a robust determinant of mortality in critical pediatric trauma patients. Simultaneously, it demonstrates strong predictability in anticipating the need for IMV and inotropic therapy.