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Extraoral profile photographs are crucial for orthodontic diagnosis, documentation, and treatment planning. The purpose of this study was to evaluate classifications made on extraoral patient photographs by deep learning algorithms trained using grouped patient pictures based on cephalometric measurements. Cephalometric radiographs and profile photographs of 990 patients from the archives of Kocaeli University Faculty of Dentistry Department of Orthodontics were used for the study. FH-NA, FH-NPog, FMA and N-A-Pog measurements on patient cephalometric radiographs were carried out utilizing Webceph. 3 groups for every parameter were formed according to cephalometric values. Deep learning algorithms were trained using extraoral photographs of the patients which were grouped according to respective cephalometric measurements. 14 deep learning models were trained and tested for accuracy of prediction in classifying patient images. Accuracy rates of up to 96.67% for FH-NA groups, 97.33% for FH-NPog groups, 97.67% for FMA groups and 97.00% for N-A-Pog groups were obtained. This is a pioneering study where an attempt was made to classify clinical photographs using artificial intelligence architectures that were trained according to actual cephalometric values, thus eliminating or reducing the need for cephalometric X-rays in future applications for orthodontic diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rebonding of orthodontic brackets to new positions during treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances is a common practice and it is important not to cause plastic deformation during bracket removal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance of various brackets to compression and assess their thresholds for plastic deformation. 5 different groups of metal brackets (BioQuick, Damon Q, Experience, Mini Diamond, Mini Sprint II) were bonded to 85 extracted human central incisor teeth utilizing the same adhesive system (Transbond XT). Compressive forces were applied via Weingart forceps in order to mimic clinical setting with the Shimadzu Universal tester. Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for comparing groups. Damon Q group exhibited the highest yield point value (549.35 N), the highest ultimate strength value (764.50 N) and the highest failure/debonding point value (721.89 N). The lowest yield point value (211.73 N), the lowest ultimate strength value (224.07 N) and the lowest failure/debonding point value (121.71 N) were found in the Mini Diamond group. The ultimate strength point values of Damon Q and Experience brackets were higher compared to Mini Diamond, BioQuick and Mini Sprint II brackets (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference between Damon Q and Experience brackets in terms of yield strength and ultimate strength values (p > 0.05) were observed. Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) score was 3 for all debonded samples. It may be concluded that Damon Q brackets were more resistant to plastic deformation than Mini Diamond, BioQuick and Mini Sprint II brackets (p < 0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the challenging and often high-stress environment of emergency departments (EDs), healthcare workers (HCWs) frequently encounter a concerning issue of workplace violence (WPV). This study delves into the effects of WPV management and safety on the emotional well-being of ED HCWs. Methods: Data collected between 15 March 2023 and 15 May 2023 from 186 HCWs across Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics, and Adult EDs are analyzed. The survey includes the Safety and Confidence Scale (SCS) to gauge HCWs' perceptions of violence and the Job-Related Emotional Exhaustion Scale (JREES). Results: Key findings highlight the prevalence of various forms of WPV in the ED, such as verbal violence (77.4%), threats, and insults (68.8%), with patients and their relatives identified as the primary perpetrators. Male HCWs scored significantly higher on the Violence Management and Safety (VMS) scale compared to their female counterparts. Conclusions: In summary, within the demanding ED setting, this study sheds light on the profound impact of WPV on HCWs' emotional exhaustion and their overall sense of safety. It underscores the urgent need to build trust and bolster support mechanisms to alleviate emotional exhaustion among HCWs. Addressing WPV in the ED is paramount for the mental well-being of healthcare workers, particularly when faced with violence from patients and their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims: Due to the prioritization of limb and life-saving efforts by medical teams, peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) resulting from earthquakes are frequently overlooked or receive delayed treatment. Thus, we examined earthquake-related PNIs in terms of their descriptive characteristics and injury patterns Methods: The study was conducted retrospectively in a tertiary hospital after Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes. The study included victims under rubble admitted to the hospital and diagnosed with PNI according to their medical records between 06 February and 28 February 2023. Results: The study included 70 patients and a total of 98 limbs with PNIs, with a mean patient age of 22.31±14.91 years. 77.6% (n=76) of PNIs involved the lower limb (68 peroneal and 8 sciatic nerves) and 22.4% (n=22) of PNIs involved the upper limbs (14 radial nerves, 5 ulnar nerves, 2 median nerves, 1 brachial plexus). It was found that 45.9% of PNIs (n=45) occurred in the right and 54.1% (n=53) in the left extremities. The average time patients spent under the rubble was 15 hours (IQR 8.75 - 32 hours). Fasciotomy was treated in 54.1% (n=43) of the extremities with PNI. Fasciotomies were most commonly performed on the cruris (42.9%), foot (26.5%), and thigh (16.3%). Conclusion: This study found that PNIs occurred most frequently in the lower limbs, compared with the upper limbs, among earthquake victims with CLIs. Lower limb PNIs mainly occurred in the peroneal nerve, while upper limb PNIs mainly occurred in the radial nerve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Burn injuries are the third most common cause of death in children due to trauma. Hospitalizations related to burn injuries are common. Prolonged hospitalization associated with burn treatment can result in increased resource utilization, leading to higher costs. Thus, it is essential to investigate these areas to reduce costs. The study investigated the morbidity and length of hospital stay of paediatric burn patients, as well as calculated the social security costs of hospitalization and treatment. The retrospective observational descriptive study examined the medical records of 774 paediatric patients treated in a burn intensive care unit at a tertiary medical faculty hospital between 01 March 2019 and 31 March 2022. The invoice records of payments made by the Social Security Institution to the hospital in return for health services provided to patients were examined. The healthcare costs were calculated. A total of 57.6% of the participants were boys and 79.2% were between the ages of 1–4. About 90% of the cases involved burns with a total body surface area (TBSA) of less than 20% and a 2nd‐degree burn depth. Scalding was the most common cause of burns (88.2%). Among all patients, the mortality rate was 2.1% (n = 16). The mean length of hospital stay was 10.29 ± 9.59 days. The mean cost per day was 212.02 ± 190.94 US dollars ($US), and the cost per 1% TBSA was 241.70 ± 301.32 $US. According to the causes of burn injury, the mean cost of electricity was 5000.77 ± 8101.85 $US, fire 4818.02 ± 5852.22 $US, and chemical 3285.49 ± 4503.2 $US were observed in the first 3 ranks respectively. According to this study, paediatric burn cases occur due to preventable causes, and even though the mortality rate was low, the severity of burns, TBSA%, and presence of complications caused prolonged lengths of hospital stays, which caused social security costs to rise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Early identification of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients at high mortality risk can improve patient care and prevent deaths. To identify prognostic predictors that increase COVID-19 patient mortality risk in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Methods: Retrospective analysis of clinical characteristics and serological biomarkers of ICU-COVID-19 patients was performed in a tertiary hospital from 24 March 2020 to 20 December 2020. Analysis was conducted on two groups of study participants: survivors and deceased. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine mortality risk. In order to determine prognostic predictors, the ANOVA test was used to compare the data of serological biomarkers on the day of patients' admission to the ICU and on the 5th day of follow-up. Results: A total of 335 patients (54.65%) were in the deceased group, and 278 (45.35%) were in the survivors group. A statistically significant difference was found between the deceased and survivor groups regarding mean age (p<0.001). According to multivariate analyses of patients' data, age, oxygen saturation, direct bilirubin, and ionized calcium were independent predictors of mortality (p <0.05). According to this analysis, age (OR=1.035, p=0.002, 95%CI 1.013-1.058), peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) (OR=0.912, p<0.001, 95%CI 0,873-0.953), direct bilirubin (OR=6.821, p=0.024, 95%CI 0.282-36.285), ionized calcium (OR=30.524, p=0.035, 95%CI 1.262-738.34) was found that it increased the risk of mortality. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, it was found that gender, age, and comorbidities had the highest odds ratios in terms of mortality. Conclusion: The study revealed that advanced age, low SpO2, high direct bilirubin, and elevated ionized calcium levels were independent predictors of mortality for COVID-19 patients in the ICU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Understanding mortality risk factors is critical to reducing mortality among elderly hip fracture patients. To investigate the effects of admission and post-operative levels of distribution width of red blood cells (RDW), albumin, and RDW/albumin (RA) ratio on predicting 1-year mortality following hip fracture surgery. Methods. A retrospective study was conducted on 275 elderly patients who underwent hip fracture surgery in a tertiary hospital between January 2018 and January 2022. Deaths within one year of hip fracture were defined as the deceased group. The survivors were defined as those who survived for at least one year. The relationship between admission and post-operative levels of RDW, albumin, RA, and mortality within one year after hip surgery was assessed statistically, including binary logistic regression analysis. The study also assessed other factors related to mortality. Results. One-year mortality was 34.7%. There was a 3.03-year (95% CI [1.32≥4.75]) difference between the deceased (79.55 ± 8.36 years) and survivors (82.58 ± 7.41 years) (p < 0:001). In the deceased group, the mean hemoglobin (HGB) values at admission (p D 0:022) and post-operative (p D 0:04) were significantly lower. RDW values at admission (pD0:001) and post-op (pD0:001) were significantly lower in the survivor group. The mean albumin values at admission (p<0:001) and post-operative (p<0:001) in the survivor group were significantly higher than in the deceased group. A significant difference was found between the survivor group and the deceased group in terms of mean RA ratio at admission and post-operative (p<0:001). Based on binary logistic regression analysis, presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (OR 3.73, 95% CI [1.8≥7.76]), RDW (OR 1.78, 95% CI [1.48≥2.14]), and albumin (OR 0.81, 95% CI [0.75≥0.87]), values at admission were found to be independent predictors of 1-year mortality in elderly patients with hip fracture. Conclusion. Based on this study, presence of COPD, higher RDW, and lower albumin levels at admission were independent predictors of 1-year mortality following hip fracture surgery in the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims: In pediatric forearm fractures, the choice of surgical technique and fixation method can be challenging. Surgically treated pediatric patients younger than 14 years with Titanium Elastic Nails (TEN) or Plate Screw Fixation (PSF) were compared clinically, in cost, and in terms of postoperative outcomes. Method: In the retrospective case-control study, pediatric forearm fractures operated on at a level I trauma center between 2017 and 2022 were examined. Surgically treated forearm fractures in pediatric patients under 14 years of age were included in this study group. Results: The mean age of 109 patients was 10.83+- 3.28 years. The PSF group (12.87+-2.76 years) was 3.17 (95% CI 2.02 - 4.33) years older than the TEN group (9.7+-3 years) (p<0.001; student's t-test). The median implant cost in the TEN group (85 [IQR 64 - 120] dollars) was significantly lower than in the PSF group (258 [IQR 205 - 336] dollars) (p<0.001; Mann-Whitney-U). The day callus tissue observed on the X-ray differed significantly between the groups (p<0.001; chi-square test). Conclusion: In younger children, surgeons preferred TEN due to the likelihood of remodeling associated with growth, the possibility of forming a callus sooner, and the lower cost compared to PSF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)