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Objective: This study aimed to compare the efficacies of intratympanic dexamethasone and methylprednisolone in preventing in cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in rats. Methods: Experimental groups of rats (n = 8 each) received intratympanic isotonic saline, intraperitoneal cisplatin and intratympanic isotonic saline, intraperitoneal cisplatin and intratympanic dexamethasone, or intraperitoneal cisplatin and intratympanic methylprednisolone. Distortion product otoacoustic emission thresholds were compared on days 0 and 10 in all rats, and correlations between drug effects and changes in cochlear histology were evaluated. Results: Distortion product otoacoustic emission thresholds were comparable in groups III and IV (p > 0.05). Significant protection against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity was seen in groups III and IV compared with group II (p < 0.05). Dexamethasone and, to a lesser extent, methylprednisolone protected against cellular apoptosis in cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Conclusion: Dexamethasone (and possibly methylprednisolone) may be clinically useful as an intratympanic chemopreventive agent to treat cisplatin ototoxicity. Future clinical studies should investigate the use of dexamethasone for this purpose in adult patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to measure the intentions of the university students regarding to family owned firms as regards to their future careers, determine their attitudes towards these firms as consumers, examine the relation of their demographic features with the attitudes and intentions about the family owned firms and finally prepare a series of proposal concerning the family owned firms. Considering the number of students at each university, quota sampling was applied. This process produced 400 surveys, there were a total of 296 usable responses for analysis purposes. The return rate was 74 %.There was no statistical significant relation between the general and consumer based attitudes of the students towards family owned firms and their demographical features. The positive general and consumer based attitude of the students' causes an increase in their intention to work in such firms. The intention of the students planning to work in the marketing sector to purchase from family managed firms is generally lower than that of the students planning to work in the production sector. However the intention of the students planning to work in the production sector is lower than that of the students planning to work in the tourism sector. There found no statistically significant correlation between the general and consumer based attitudes of the students towards the family owned firms and their future intentions to work in such firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: In this study, we investigated whether the use of double layer graft (DLG) in tympanoplasty would increase grafting success rates (GSR) and whether increased graft thickness would negatively affect hearing., Methods: The study group consisted of patients with DLG and the control group consisted of patients with single layer graft (SLG). The results of 195 patients in terms of hearing achievement and 211 patients in terms of GSR were compared., Results: Hearing and GSR were analyzed in 103 DLG and 108 SLG patients. Postoperative 6th month air conduction pure tone averages were 25.34 (±14.99) dB in DLG group and 20.50 (±8.82) dB in SLG group. These values were statistically significantly higher in the DLG group (p=0.005). Postoperative air bone gap was 11.40 (±8.61) dB in DLG and 12.95 (±10.88) dB in SLG and there was no statistically significant difference in hearing gain between the groups. GSR was 99/103 (96.1%) in the DLG group and 103/108 (95.4%) in the SLG group with no difference between the groups (p=0.679) CONCLUSION: We concluded that DLG is not superior to SLG in terms of both hearing and GSR, and may even be disadvantageous in terms of hearing, and this should be taken into consideration in patient selection., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

BACKGROUND This prospective study aimed to compare outcomes and hearing improvement in 51 patients with adhesive otitis media following endoscopic and microscopic tympanoplasty. MATERIAL AND METHODS Between April 2021 and April 2022, 51 patients diagnosed with pars tensa retraction and hearing loss who underwent endoscopic and microscopic cartilage tympanoplasty were included in the study (endoscopic tympanoplasty group: 26 patients, microscopic tympanoplasty group: 25 patients). Pure-tone audiometric data (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz), air-bone gap (ABG), and postoperative graft intake were compared. RESULTS Hearing gain in the ABG was significant in both groups (p<0.05). When the groups were compared for mean hearing gain in the ABG, the difference was significant (p<0.05). The postoperative ABG in the endoscopic group was significantly smaller than that in the microscopic group. When the postoperative air conduction threshold was evaluated, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups at 4 kHz, whereas a significant difference was observed in the endoscopic tympanoplasty group at 0.5, 1, and 2 kHz. Postoperative graft failure and otorrhea were not observed in any of the patients. CONCLUSIONS Pars tensa retractions and adhesive otitis media show comparable outcomes with both endoscopic and microscopic techniques. In endoscopic tympanoplasty, better visualization allows for better hearing outcomes. The endoscopic method, characterized by a wide field of view and a less invasive approach, enhances access to retraction limits.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the effect of drilling during mastoidectomy on otolithic organ functions and development of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo using objective vestibular tests., Materials and Methods: The study included 45 adult patients diagnosed with chronic otitis media who underwent mastoidectomy with drilling. Pre-operative and post-operative assessments included tests for subjective visual vertical deviation and videonystagmography., Results: Subjective visual vertical deviation was significantly higher in post-operative periods. On the third day, the subjective visual vertical deviation was at its maximum (1.4 degrees). Post-operatively, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo was detected in 14 patients (31.1 per cent). The most common type was ipsilateral lateral canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (57.1 per cent)., Conclusion: The effect of drilling on otolithic organ functions in mastoidectomy seems to be temporary and subclinical; however, it potentially could be a risk factor for the development of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.

Objective: The quantitative suppression rate of positional nystagmus (PN) by ocular fixation (OF) is unknown. This study aims to analyse the effect of OF on the slow phase velocity (SPV) of PN during diagnostic positional manoeuvres (DPMs) with videonystagmography in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)., Design: DPMs were performed on 58 patients with BPPV, 33 (56.9%) of whom were women. OF was initiated when PN was most evident, and recording was continued. The mean SPV of three consecutive nystagmus before (F0) and after (F1) OF initiation was calculated. The rate of suppression of PN by OF was found in percent with the formula (F0 - F1) x 100/F0., Study Sample: 58 patients were included in this study., Results: The mean age was 56.1 ± 11.2 (range 27-76). F0 and F1 values were calculated as 5.742 ± 5.589 and 1.948 ± 3.424 degrees/second, respectively ( p  < 0.001). The rate of suppression of PN by OF was found to be 66.1%., Conclusions: OF significantly suppresses PN during DPMs in BPPV patients. Elimination of OF during DPMs is important for accurate diagnosis.

The complications of bone anchored hearing aids are very rare. The most seen postoperative complication is soft tissue reaction locally occuring around the titanium implant. Chronic headache is a rarely seen complication related to bone anchored hearing aids application. We presented a patient having complaints of chronic headache and burning sensation after bone anchored hearing aids application. Follow up for one year after the operation, despite the local and systemic therapies, there was no improvement of symptoms and the device was compulsorily removed. This rare complication of bone anchored hearing aids application is reviewied in the literature and probable reasons of failure are discussed.

Object: To prepare a national guideline for Otorhinolaryngologist who treat allergic rhinitis patients., Methods: The study was conducted by three authors, namely the writing support team. The support team made the study plan, determined the writing instructions, chose the subgroups including the advisory committee, the advisors for authors and the authors. A workshop was organized at the very beginning to explain the details of the study to the team. Advisors took the chance to meet their coworkers in their subgroups and determined the main headings and subheadings of the guideline, together with the authors. After key words were determined by the authors, literature search was done in various databases. The authors keep in touch with the advisors and the advisors with the advisory committee and the support group at every stage of the study. National and International published articles as well as the abstracts of unpublished studies, imperatively presented in National Congresses, were included in this guideline. Only Guideline and meta-analyses published in last seven years (2013-2017) and randomized controlled studies published in last two years (2015-2017) were included. After all work was completed by the subgroups, support team brought all work together and edited the article., Results: A detailed guideline about all aspects of allergic rhinitis was created., Conclusion: The authors believe that this guideline will enable a compact and up-to-date information on allergic rhinitis to healthcare professionals. This guideline is the first in the field of Otolaryngology in Turkey. It should be updated at regular intervals., (©Copyright 2021 by Official Journal of the Turkish Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery.)

Introduction: Various graft materials have been used in the tympanoplasty technique. Cartilage grafts are being used increasingly in recent years., Objective: The aim of this study was to present the comparative outcomes of the perichondrium-preserved palisade island graft technique previously defined by ourselves., Methods: We retrospectively compared the hearing and graft success rates in 108 patients with chronic otitis media, who had undergone cartilage tympanoplasty, where both island and perichondrium-preserved palisade graft techniques were used., Results: The success rates among the study and the control groups with regard to graft take were 97% and 93%, respectively. No significant difference was observed between the groups with regard to the postoperative mean pure tone values, improvement in air-bone gaps and reduction in air-bone gaps to under 20dB. However, better results were observed in the study group., Conclusion: The perichondrium-preserved palisade island graft technique is an easy method with high graft success rates and hearing outcomes., (Copyright © 2019 Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between upper airway morphology and apnea vs hypopnea predominance in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome., Methods: A retrospective study on consecutively CT scans obtained from 54 OSA patients and 53 non-snoring controls. CT scans were measured to evaluate upper airway and surrounding structures' morphologic characteristics. OSA patients (matched for age, gender and body mass index) compared as two groups; apneic group: apnea ratio >50% and hypopneic group: hypopnea ratio >50%. Morphologic characteristics were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test and Pearson's correlation test., Results: Apneic group (17 patients) showed 76.56% apnea rate and hypopneic group (37 patients) showed 78.46% hypopnea rate. Minimal lateral and anteroposterior dimensions of velopharynx in the apneic group (0.86 ± 0.73 and 0.21 ± 0.13 cm, respectively) was statistically lesser from that of the hypopneic group (1.2 ± 0.42 and 0.54 ± 0.22 cm, respectively). Minimum cross-sectional area of the velopharynx was also lesser in apneic group (0.21 ± 0.16 cm 2 ) than that in hypopneic group (0.65 ± 0.38 cm 2 ). Almost all upper airway parameters in both apneic and hypopneic groups were tended to be smaller than in controls., Conclusion: Decrease in airway volume does not signify the type of respiratory event, but significant narrowing of velopharynx in both dimensions; thus having the narrowest value below a certain level causes more apnea. Advances in knowledge: We did not find a similar study when we did a literature search, showing the relationship of apnea vs hypopnea predominance and upper airway parameters in CT in patients with OSA.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the anti-ototoxic impact of Ginkgo biloba extract and lycopene on the model of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in rats., Materials and Methods: Thirty-two Wistar albino rats were examined with the distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) test (MADSEN Capella2 ; GN Otometrics, ICS Medical, Chicago USA), and they were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 (n=8) was defined as the healthy control group. Cisplatin was given intraperitoneally as single dose of 12 mg/kg to group 2 (n=8), group 3 (n=8), and group 4 (n=8). Group 2 was determined as ototoxic control group. G. biloba extract (100 mg/kg) was given to group 3, and 20 mg/kg lycopene was given to group 4 with orogastric feeding tube daily for 10 days. DPOAE test was repeated on day 10 on all the groups. Finally, histopathological examination was performed. The study has been lead in agreement with the principles by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Review Board at Kocaeli University Medical Center (KOÜ HADYEK- 1/9-14). The animals were treated in accordance with protocols approved by this committee., Results: When DPOAE tests were compared, there was no significant difference in the four groups before the application (p > 0.05). At the end of day 10, in groups 2 to 4, statistically significant changes were observed (p < 0.05). According to the cisplatin group, a significant increase in the DP-grams on G. biloba and lycopene groups was observed (p < 00.5). Corti organ and spiral ganglion neurons of groups 1, 3, and 4 were observed to have weak expression. Strong reactions were determined in organum spirale and some spiral ganglions of the cisplatin group. The striae vascularis damage on group 2 was found to be more significant more compared with groups 3 and 4., Conclusion: There is a protective effect of G. biloba and lycopene on cisplatin-dependent ototoxic rat model.

Introduction: Crooked or deviated nose is a deviation of the nose from the straight vertical position of the face. Extensive pneumatization of the middle turbinate, also called concha bullosa or bullous middle turbinate (BMT) is known to be one of the possible etiologic factors in nasal obstruction, recurrent sinusitis, and headache. There is no study concerning a link between BMT and crooked nose., Objective: To investigate the association between crooked nose and the presence of a BMT., Methods: A total of 199 patients who underwent open septorhinoplasty were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative paranasal Computerized Tomography (CT) findings, preoperative photodocumentation, and anterior rhinoscopic examination findings were documented. Of the 199 patients, 169 were found to meet the criteria and were included in the study. CT scans were examined to note the presence of BMT, inferior turbinate hypertrophy, and septum deviation (SD). SDs and crooked noses were classified., Results: Ninety-four of 169 patients (56%) presented a crooked nose deformity and seventy-five of 169 patients (44%) presented a straight nose. While 49 (52%) crooked nose patients had a bulbous and extensive BMT, 20 patients with straight nose (26.6%) had a BMT. A statistically significant relationship was found between the presence of crooked nose and BMT, regardless of the side of the disease (p=0.011)., Conclusion: This study revealed a link between crooked nose and BMT., (Copyright © 2016 Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.)

To investigate the effect of transtympanic betamethasone administration on hearing function with histologic correlation, rats were divided into three transtympanic treatment groups: isotonic saline (group I, n = 10), gentamicin (group II, n = 10) and betamethasone (group III, n = 10). Distortion product otoacoustic emission thresholds were compared on day 10. Also histological effects on cellular apoptosis in both the inner and outer hair cells in organ of Corti and spiral ganglion neurons were evaluated. Distortion product otoacoustic emission thresholds were comparable (p > 0.05) between group I and group III in all measurements. Distortion product otoacoustic emission thresholds of group II were significantly elevated in all measurements when compared with group I (p < 0.05) and group III (p < 0.05). In the Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP Nick End Labelling (TUNEL), Caspase-3, Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 staining method the amount of apoptotic cells in group II were significantly elevated in all measurements compared with group I (p < 0.05). In the TUNEL staining method the amount of apoptotic cells in Group III were significantly elevated compared with group I in both the organ of Corti and spiral ganglion neurons (p < 0.05). The overall histological results revealed that the severity of cellular apoptosis caused by betamethasone was somewhere between isotonic saline and gentamicin. Transtympanic betamethasone does not affect inner ear function as measured by distortion product otoacoustic emission responses, but some increase in cellular apoptosis in the organ of Corti and spiral ganglion neurons was observed. These findings suggest that transtympanic betamethasone may have mild ototoxic effects. Further studies are needed to obtain precise results for transtympanic application of betamethasone.

Objectives: This study aims to show the effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on platelet activation in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS)., Patients and Methods: Forty-six patients (29 males, 17 females; mean age 48.2±7.6 years; range 40 to 56 years) with severe OSAS with apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) ≥30 were included in this study. Complete blood counts were analyzed and mean platelet volume (MPV) values were compared in patients before and after CPAP treatment at six months., Results: The mean MPV values before CPAP were 8.9±1.3 (p<0.001), while the mean values were 7.7±1.1 (p<0.001) at six months after CPAP treatment in patients with severe OSAS. There was a statistically significant decrease in the MPV values after CPAP treatment. Patients' number of platelets which was measured six months after the CPAP treatment increased at a significant level compared to baseline (p<0.001)., Conclusion: Continuous positive airway pressure treatment caused a significant decrease in the MPV values in patients with severe OSAS. As a negative acute phase reactant, MPV can be used as a marker to exert the cardioprotective effect of CPAP.