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Background/aim: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is one of the most prevalent causes of death worldwide, and so discovering anticancer agents for its treatment is very important. Pterostilbene (PS) is a trans-stilbene reported to be beneficial in managing various cancers. The objective of the study was to evaluate the cytotoxic, antiproliferative, proapoptotic, and antimigrative effect of PS on HEp-2, SCC-90, SCC-9, FaDu, and Detroit-551 cell lines. Materials and methods: MTT and live/dead assays were employed to assess cell viability, while a cell migration test was performed to evaluate wound healing capacity. The mRNA, protein, and intracellular expression levels of CASP-3, BAX, and BCL-2 genes were evaluated by real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. Annexin V-PI staining was conducted to assess the amounts of viable, apoptotic, and necrotic cells. Results: The results revealed that PS displayed cytotoxic, antiproliferative activity in a dose-dependent manner in HNC cells by upregulating CASP-3 and BCL-2 while downregulating BCL-2 in the apoptotic pathway. The proapoptotic properties were confirmed by the annexin-V-IP results. Moreover, PS displayed a significant suppressive efficacy on the migration capacity of HNC cells. Conclusion: The present study provides proof that PS has the prospective to be improved as an attractive anticancer agent against HNC following advanced studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Nasal polyps are benign intranasal masses that are usually bilateral, smooth-surfaced, gelatinous, originating from the epithelium in the middle meatus and ethmoid region, and can block the nasal passage. It is a chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus mucosa with multifactorial etiology. Calprotectin (aka S100A8/A9, calgranulin A and B, alarmins, CLP) is a 36.5 small calcium- and zincbinding heterodimer released from macrophages and neutrophils. As an acute phase reactant, its release increases after inflammatory and infectious diseases and trauma. This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of serum calprotectin levels in nasal polyps. Methods: This prospective controlled study constitutes 40 nasal polyp patients, aged between 18 and 65 years, without any chronic systemic and inflammatory disease, and 40 healthy volunteers. Patients' demographic data such as age and gender and the percentage of serum eosinophils in addition to calprotectin, mean platelet volume, leukocyte (white blood cell), hematocrit, total immunoglobulin E values, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios in their venous blood samples were recorded for statistical comparison. Results: The calprotectin variable showed a statistically significant difference between the groups. Calprotectin values were higher in group I than in group II (P=.003). However, no significant correlation was found between endoscopic examination grade and calprotectin levels within group I (P=.827). Conclusions: High calprotectin level alone is a strong indicator of nasal inflammation, independent of the patient's nasal polyp physical examination and paranasal sinus computed tomography (PNS CT) scores. It may be predicted that patients with high calprotectin levels will need more nasal and systemic steroid treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Idiopathic cases are common, and the etiology is not clearly explained. The purpose of this study is to compare the frequency, clinicalradiological characteristics and response to the treatment of peripheral facial paralysis patients who visited the otorhinolaryngology clinic during the Covid-19 pandemic and in the same period of the previous year, and to discuss this data in the light of the literature. Materials and Methods: Otoscopic examination findings, audiological results, application and post-healing grade information according to House Brackmann Staging system were obtained from all the patients' files. Temporal Bone Computed Tomography, which is included in the routine practice of our clinic, and Cranial & Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging examinations for the elimination of central causes were applied to the patients. Facial nerve tympanic, mastoid, labyrinth segment and geniculate ganglion diameters were measured separately for the diseased side and the healthy side. Results: In the study, Group 1 consisted of 42 patients (43%), and Group 2 consisted of 56 patients (57%). 56 (57%) of the patients were male and 42 (43%) were female. The left and right-side facial paralysis admissions were equal, but no statistically significant difference was found (p=0.068). Conclusions: Peripheral facial paralysis is a very common case in ear, nose, and throat practice and requires priority treatment and follow-up. Since the Covid-19 virus is a new entity for the world, we think that it has a neurotrophic affinity for the facial nerve although our knowledge about this virus is limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives/Hypothesis: Dysregulated expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) and dysregulation of the mechanisms that regulate them are associated with carcinogenesis. Exportin‐5 (XPO5), a member of the Karyopherin family, is responsible for the transfer of pre‐miRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Despite the high oncogenic potential of XPO5 as a critical regulator of the biogenesis of miRNAs, its role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) biology has not been explained yet. Study Design: In‐vitro translational. Methods: The expression of XPO5 at the mRNA, protein, and intracellular level in SCC‐9, FaDu SCC‐90, and Detroit‐562 cell lines were evaluated with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western‐blot analysis, and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. The functional role of XPO5 in HNSCC was analyzed by silencing the gene expression with XPO5‐small interfering RNA (siRNA) in the in vitro model. Cell proliferation, migration capacity, and apoptosis in XPO5 knockdown HNSCC cell lines were evaluated by MTT, wound‐healing, and caspase‐3 assay, respectively. Results: Expression of XPO5 was determined to be upregulated at mRNA, protein, and intracellular level in metastatic cells compared to primary cells in HNSCC. XPO5 gene expression was knockdown by XPO5‐siRNA transfection, verifying that it was suppressed at the mRNA, protein, and intracellular level. Silencing XPO5 caused a decrease in cell proliferation, delay in wound healing, and increase in Caspase‐3 enzyme activity in HNSCC cell lines compared to control. Conclusions: This report is the first to describe the oncogenic role of XPO5 in HNSCC biology by in vitro experiments. Consequently, XPO5 can be used as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target molecule against the disease in the diagnosis‐treatment‐follow‐up of HNSCC. Level of Evidence: NA Laryngoscope, 132:569–577, 2022 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Praxis of Otorhinolaryngology / Kulak Burun Boğaz Uygulamaları is the property of Official Journal of ENT-HNS Society of Istanbul and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Praxis of Otorhinolaryngology / Kulak Burun Boğaz Uygulamaları is the property of Official Journal of ENT-HNS Society of Istanbul and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Praxis of Otorhinolaryngology / Kulak Burun Boğaz Uygulamaları is the property of Official Journal of ENT-HNS Society of Istanbul and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Praxis of Otorhinolaryngology / Kulak Burun Boğaz Uygulamaları is the property of Official Journal of ENT-HNS Society of Istanbul and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Malignant tumors of the skin include basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma and tumors of the skin appendages. Skin lesions in the head and neck region are frequently encountered in the geriatric population. Although these lesions are generally benign, it is widely known that the prevalence of malignant lesions increases with age. In adults, 80% of the masses in the neck, except benign thyroid diseases, are of neoplastic origin and this rate reaches 90% after the 5th decade. About 70% of these neoplastic masses are malignant, and three-quarters of these are metastatic and one-fourth is primary malignancies. Objectives: Increasing world population, increasing survival time and increasing geriatric patient population create some differences in healthcare. We planned this study for this purpose. Methods: The data of 73 patients aged 65 and over were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups as 65-75 years old (Group 1), > 75 years old (Group 2), by age. Results: Premalignant lesions were found to be statistically significantly higher in Group 1 (p<0.01). It was observed that malignant lesions were statistically significantly more common in the skin compared to the subcutaneous tissue. (p=0.015) Malignant skin lesions were observed statistically significantly more frequently in the neck region compared to other regions (p=0.004). Conclusions: The risk of malignancy in the patient group over 75 years is approximately doubled. It is necessary to approach the neck and subcutaneous masses carefully in terms of malignancy in the geriatric patient group [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nasal polyposis is a disease characterized with chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are defined as essential receptors of the innate immune system and may play in the development of nasal polyposis. A total of 71 patients with nasal polyposis and 74 healthy controls were included in this study. Three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); TLR2 (2258 A>G), TLR4 (896 A>G), and TLR4 (1196 C>T) were analyzed in all patients. The degree of pair-wise linkage disequilibrium and the genotype and haplotype analyses were conducted using regression in this logistic model and the Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (MDR) software package was used to construct all possible interactions among different genotype variants belonging to the TLR gene. There was significant difference in genotype and allele frequencies of the TLR4 (1196 C>T) polymorphism between the nasal polyposis and control groups (0.017). Also, it was observed that the probability of nasal polyposis was 62.7% in the presence of TLR4 (1196 C>T) polymorphism with asthma (P =.007). As a conclusion, this study showed that TLR4 and TLR2 polymorphisms were predisposing factors for nasal polyposis. Further functional studies investigating the consequences of loss of TLR function are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cukurova Medical Journal / Çukurova Üniversitesi Tip Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives/hypothesis: The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the cochlea and the potential dose-dependent effects of resveratrol (RSV) against diabetes mellitus (DM) ototoxicity.Study Design: Animal model.Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups. Baseline distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) measurements were evaluated. Group I was the control group, group II was made diabetic with single-dose streptozotocin, and groups III and IV were rendered diabetic as group II and administered 10 and 20 mg RSV, respectively, intraperitoneally for 4 weeks. All animals were sacrificed after repeated DPOAE measurement. Apoptosis was investigated using caspase-3, Bax (Bcl-associated X protein), and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) staining.Results: The DPOAE values in the diabetic group were found to be significantly lower compared with the other groups at 5,714 Hz and 8,000 Hz (P < .05). No significant difference in otoacoustic emission was detected in the comparison of the RSV doses (P > .05). The histopathologic investigation using caspase-3, Bax, and TUNEL staining showed that the mean rank of the diabetic group was significantly higher compared with the RSV10, RSV20, and control groups (DM > RSV10 > RSV20 > control) (P < .05).Conclusions: These results imply that RSV administration offered statistically significant protection for the cochleas of rats against diabetes. This protective effect improved histologically with higher doses.Level Of Evidence: NA Laryngoscope, 129:E1-E6, 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of lubricating and moistening of Merocel nasal packs with glycerol on reducing pain and bleeding during nasal packing removal in patients who had undergone endoscopic sinus surgery or with epistaxis. Materials and methods: Fifty patients were included in the study. Glycerol was used on one side while saline was used on the other side of the same patient as a control. All patients were blinded to which side received glycerol and which side received saline. In the glycerol group, glycerol was infiltrated into the Merocel packing in the nasal cavity. In the saline group, 0.9% saline solution was infiltrated into the Merocel packing in the other nasal cavity of the same patient. Both applications were performed 15 min before removal of the packs. The patients were asked to score the severity of the pain that occurred in both nasal passages according to a visual analog scale (VAS). Bleeding was recorded as mild (no bleeding), moderate (leakage), and severe (active bleeding requiring intervention). Results: The mean VAS score was significantly lower in the glycerol group than in the saline group (3.02 vs. 4.86, P < 0.05). Although no significant difference was observed between the groups in the amount of bleeding, lower amounts of bleeding were seen in the side that received glycerol. Conclusion: Administration of glycerol is a cost-effective and easily performed method of analgesia for nasal packing removal in patients who undergo endoscopic sinus surgery or with epistaxis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]