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BackgroundDementia is an age-related disease associated with complex health and care needs. Due to demographical shifts, the number of older people with dementia is forecasted to increase. Occupational therapists encounter people with dementia in their daily work, yet little is known about their experience of working with people with dementia.Aim/objectivesTo explore occupational therapist's experiences of working with people with dementia.Material and methodsTen occupational therapists were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsThe results are presented in five different themes: Working with persons who do not recognise decline in their abilities; Saving-face of the person in assessment situations; Facilitating continued engagement in everyday activities; Utilising information provided by care staff; Balancing different preferences on how to proceed.ConclusionOccupational therapists perceive a need in their work to employ various face-saving strategies and facilitate engagement in everyday activities. The results are exploratory and additionally research is needed to understand the therapists' experiences of working with persons with dementia.SignificanceEveryday activities should be tailored to the person's abilities, with an emphasis on facilitating the person in carrying them out rather than the social environment taking them over.

Denna rapport har tagits fram på uppdrag av Resurspoolen – Frivilliga uppdrag i Linköping. Uppdraget bestod i att dokumentera volontärernas erfarenhet av vilken betydelse äldre medborgare, som organiserar sig i Resurspoolens verksamhet, kan ha för att förebygga ofrivillig ensamhet och social isolering bland äldre personer. Uppdraget hade också en framåtsyftande ansats gällande hur Resurspoolen kan komma att utvecklas utifrån volontärernas perspektiv. Civilsamhällets betydelse inom välfärdssamhället är högaktuell i nationell politik där frivilligorganisationer lyfts fram som en central aktör för att hantera välfärdssystemets utmaningar och ansträngda situation. Medborgare som organiserar sig gemensamt antas fylla en allt större roll i gränsytan mot det offentliga stödsystemet. Samtidigt har ofrivillig ensamhet bland äldre personer lyfts fram av staten som särskilt allvarlig, varför statsbidrag har riktats till kommuner och det civila samhället för att förebygga och bryta ofrivillig ensamhet. Rapporten har särskilt fokus på de äldre frivilliga volontärerna som engagerar sig. En viktig komponent är deras arbete, intresse och fortsatta engagemang för att skapa en kontinuitet i genomförandet av olika insatser och i den ömsesidiga relationen – vid aktiviteter mellan äldre, inom organisationen och mellan volontärorganisationen och andra aktörer. Rapporten belyser också arbetet med att skapa aktiviteter och mötesplatser för äldre personer, varav många lever i social ensamhet. Rapporten kan således sättas in i ett större sammanhang genom att bidra med kunskap om hur en volontärorganisation – Resurspoolen – har en mångsidig funktion för det lokala samhället i att uppmärksamma och ge socialt stöd, sällskap, skapa gemenskap och social hållbarhet bland Linköpings medborgare., This report has been written on behalf of Resurspoolen - Frivilliga uppdrag i Linköping. The aim was to document the volunteers' experience of the importance of older citizens, who organise themselves in the Resurspoolen’s activities, in preventing loneliness and social isolation among older people. The project also had a forward-looking approach regarding how the work by Resurspoolen can be further developed and improved. The importance of civil society in the welfare society has been raised in Swedish national politics, where voluntary organisations have been highlighted as a key player in managing the challenged situation that the welfare system is facing. Citizens who organise themselves are assumed to play an increasingly important role at the interface with the public support system. At the same time, preventing loneliness among older people has been highlighted as a prioritised area by the state where municipalities and civil society have been pointed out as key actors to prevent loneliness. The report focuses on the older volunteers who get involved, get organised with the effort to give “an extra flavour to older people’s life”. An important component is their work, interest, and continued commitment to create activities targeting older people, many of whom live in social isolation. and to create collaboration, between older people within the organisation, and between the volunteer organisation and other actors in the local society. The report can also be placed in a broader context as it contributes with knowledge about how a volunteer organisation – Resurspoolen – has a versatile function for the local community, providing social support, social inclusion and shaping social sustainability among Linköping’s citizens.

Summary: Social work practice has a history of collegial, intra-, and interprofessionaldiscussions that take place backstage, that is, without the presence of clients. Because oftheir backstage character, these discussions may be considered even more important toexamine than meetings at which clients are present and that are in a way already open tothe public. The purpose of the present review was to provide insight into this practiceby identifying and synthesizing recent empirical findings from existing studies using naturalisticdata, published in English in peer-reviewed journals. Findings: We identified four types of interaction among practitioners in relation tothe case discussed and three types of content that were raised and shared, as well asan apparent mismatch between formal reasons for the discussions and the purposethey serve in practice. A lack of common vocabulary for conceptualizing the discussionsand of attention given to their backstage character was identified in the included studies. Applications: The review highlights an important area for further research and stressesthe importance of not being blinded by formal purposes or ideological underpinningsin examining intra- and interprofessional discussions in social work; it shows that it isimportant to look into what is actually going on in practice.

Research question: How does customer perceived value of environmental products change during high inflation? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyse if and how customer perceived value, concerning environmentally friendly products, could change based on the consequences of a high inflation. Method: The method used for this study is a mixed-method where both quantitative and qualitative data is collected. To gather data a quantitative digital survey and two qualitative interviews were designed. To answer the research question two hypotheses were formed based on previous data in the research field. Using the collected data the results were analysed to answer the hypotheses and draw a conclusion. Conclusion: Inflation has an impact on consumers’ perceived value of environmental products, as economic factors are of higher priority than consideration of environmental aspects. The study shows a discrepancy between consumers' self-image and actions. Good economic conditions make it easier for consumers to make decisions that are environmentally positive out of convenience, and during elevated inflation greater efforts are required for the environment to be prioritised. The decisions made under good economic conditions contribute to creating an environmentally conscious self-image however the consumer decisions with a negative environmental impact made under a scenario of high inflation have no impact on the self-image., Forskningsfråga: Hur påverkas kundens upplevda värde av miljöprodukter under en hög inflation? Syfte: Syftet med studien är att analysera om och hur kundens upplevda värde, vad gäller miljövänliga produkter, kan ändras baserat på konsekvenserna av en inflation. Detta då studien vill öka förståelse kring hur konsekvenserna av en inflation kan påverka konsumenter. Metod: Metoden som används för denna studie är en mixed-method där både kvantitativ och kvalitativ data samlats in. För att inhämta denna empiri utformades en kvantitativ digital enkät och två kvalitativa intervjuer. För att besvara forskningsfrågan ställdes två hypoteser baserade på tidigare studier inom forskningsområdet. Med hjälp av den insamlade empirin analyserades resultaten för att besvara hypoteserna samt dra en slutsats. Slutsats: Inflation har en påverkan på konsumenternas upplevda värde av miljöprodukter, eftersom ekonomiska faktorer är något konsumenterna prioriterar i högre utsträckning än hänsynstagande till miljöaspekter. Studien visar även på en diskrepans mellan konsumenternas självbild och faktiska agerande. Goda ekonomiska förutsättningar underlättar för konsumenterna att fatta beslut som är miljömässigt positiva av bekvämlighet, och under en förhöjd inflation krävs större ansträngningar för att miljön skall värnas och prioriteras. Dessa beslut som tas under goda ekonomiska förutsättningar bidrar till att skapa en miljömedveten självbild, och de konsument beslut med en negativ miljöpåverkan som görs under ett scenario med hög inflation har ingen inverkan på självbilden.

Within a context where New Public Management [NPM] has become increasingly influential in shaping everyday working practices, social workers often handle risks in their everyday work using formalised bureaucratic procedures, among other strategies. As the COVID-19 pandemic progressed, rapid changes occurred in Swedish elder care that social workers were required to address in their everyday work. Intra-professional case conferences amongst social workers provide one opportunity to discuss individual viewpoints and obtain suggestions from colleagues on how to proceed with a case. These discussions have so far received little scholarly attention. In this study we used a data set consisting of 39 audio-recorded case conferences to analyse social workers intra-professional discussions about risks during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the case conferences, social workers discussed the risks that were accentuated by the pandemic, such as the risk of spreading COVID-19 to clients, the risk of unmet care needs amongst clients, risks related to accountability, and the risks pertaining to blurred boundaries between different organisations. The collegial discussions in case conferences included opportunities for social workers to use their collective professional experience and competency to establish creative solutions on the go and to discuss various ways of handling and balancing different risks while continuing to carry out their work in the changing and unknown situation. Our findings highlight the importance of collegial support in social work in dealing with accentuated risks during the pandemic., Funding Agencies|FORTE [2019-00610]

Background Social day centres can support active and healthy ageing amongst older people. However, little is known regarding the importance of social day centres. Aims/Objectives The aim of this study was to explore how older people visiting social day centres perceive the day centres social influence on their health and well-being. Material and methods Twenty older persons attending social day centres on a regular basis were interviewed regarding activities at the day centre and their importance for active and healthy ageing. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results The social day centres were described as arenas to provide a structure (and something to do) in the visitors everyday life. By attending a day centre, the participants created a social context with other visitors. Staff acted as facilitators for visitors, helping them to interact with other visitors and to experience the feeling of being needed by others. Conclusions The findings suggest that social day centres are important arenas for creating a sense of context and belongingness amongst older people. Significance This study provides knowledge on how doing and being contribute to healthy and active ageing.

Ärendekonferenser utgör en central del av det sociala arbetets praktik och fungerar som ett informellt forum för beslutsfattande där biståndshandläggare diskuterar ärenden tillsammans med kollegor. Syftet med dessa möten är bland annat att skapa samsyn i bedömningar av ärenden. Hur klienters rätt till stöd skapas och förhandlas i ärendekonferenser kan ha avgörande betydelse för vilket stöd klienter faktiskt får från socialtjänsten. Genomen fallanalys av ett ärende som rör äldreomsorg visar vi i det här kapitlet hur biståndshandläggare i en ärendekonferens diskuterar klientens rättigheter. Analysen visar hur dessa rättigheter tillämpas och utmanas i diskussioner i relation till insatsen särskilt boende genom tolkningar av aktuell lagstiftning och lokala riktlinjer.

Research has explored how social workers in team constellations perform assessments of the needs of clients in case conferences. However, the process in which gatekeeping is applied in the categorization of clients as inappropriate receivers of support in collegial discussions has received less attention. This article presents findings from a case study of a complex case where a 64-year-old person with dementia was assessed by two teams of social workers handling the same case under two different forms of legislation (elder care and disability services). The data consist of recordings of two case conferences in one Swedish social work agency. The conferences were analysed using positioning theory. The findings suggest that the conferences contained different storylines where the social workers categorized the client as an inappropriate receiver of support. Furthermore, the discourses for gatekeeping differed depending on how the social workers positioned the client in the different storylines in the case conferences. The study shows that institutional and professional responsibilities are central to the assessments that the social workers perform, and that there is a risk that the client will be subject to gatekeeping when the case is handled on an ambiguous legal basis in different legislations, which may result in the client falling between two stools. The findings suggest that research needs to explore, in a more systematic manner, how social workers’ gatekeeping practices are performed in collegial team discussions.

Within a context where New Public Management [NPM] has become increasingly influential in shaping everyday working practices, social workers often handle risks in their everyday work using formalised bureaucratic procedures, among other strategies. As the COVID-19 pandemic progressed, rapid changes occurred in Swedish elder care that social workers were required to address in their everyday work. Intra-professional case conferences amongst social workers provide one opportunity to discuss individual viewpoints and obtain suggestions from colleagues on how to proceed with a case. These discussions have so far received little scholarly attention. In this study we used a data set consisting of 39 audio-recorded case conferences to analyse social workers intra-professional discussions about risks during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the case conferences, social workers discussed the risks that were accentuated by the pandemic, such as the risk of spreading COVID-19 to clients, the risk of unmet care needs amongst clients, risks related to accountability, and the risks pertaining to blurred boundaries between different organisations. The collegial discussions in case conferences included opportunities for social workers to use their collective professional experience and competency to establish creative solutions on the go and to discuss various ways of handling and balancing different risks while continuing to carry out their work in the changing and unknown situation. Our findings highlight the importance of collegial support in social work in dealing with accentuated risks during the pandemic., Funding Agencies|FORTE [2019-00610]

Responsibility for health and care services for people with dementia is often divided between various professionals, agencies, and authorities, causing a fragmentation of care and an unclear division of responsibility between different stakeholders. In relation to this, collaboration and coordination of health and care services are often described as vital for catering to diverse needs and to provide adequate support. The aim of this scoping review was to map how different health and care agencies collaborate and coordinate services for older people with dementia. Joanna Briggs Institute's proposed methodology for scoping reviews was used, and systematic searches were carried out in six databases. A total of 59 articles published within the last 10 years were included based on certain eligibility criteria. The Research Pyramid was used to critically appraise these articles, suggesting that available research is of moderate quality. The descriptive content analysis of the articles revealed eight categories describing the characteristics of collaboration and coordination for people with dementia, as presented in previous articles. These characteristics are described in terms of different barriers, the function of the care coordinator, assessment and planning to provide services, interprofessional collaboration, information sharing, knowledge needed to navigate a complex health and care system and understanding of dementia, and personalisation of care. Engaging care coordinators with diverse competencies to address both medical and social care needs is essential, especially since people with dementia experience multiple and complex needs. It is also important to explain and visualise available services and when these services are suitable for implementation. Knowledge about dementia is necessary to empower people with dementia in everyday life situations., Funding Agencies|Forskningsrdet om Hlsa, Arbetsliv och Vlfrd [STY-2021/0005 Dnr: 2021/01786]; Forte - the Swedish Research Council for health, working life and welfare

Day centers provide opportunities for older people to achieve active and healthy aging. Staff play a significant role in day centers, although evidence is lacking concerning their role. To explore the experiences of staff in promoting active and healthy aging at social day centers, interviews with 12 staff working at day centers for older people were carried out. The findings present two categories: the actions of the staff and conditions affecting activities at the day centers. Staff at day centers may play an important role in providing opportunities for older people to maintain health and participation in meaningful activities., Funding Agencies|Linkoping university, unit of occupational therapy

IntroductionCollaboration and coordination of health and care services are key to catering for the diverse needs of a growing population of older people with dementia. When multidisciplinary health and care providers work together, they have the possibility to use resources in a fair, accurate and effective way and thereby do the right thing, at the right time, for the right individual. The aim of this scoping review is to map how different care-providing agencies collaborate and coordinate health and care services for older people with dementia. Methods and analysisA scoping review will be carried out following the proposed methodology by Joanna Briggs Institute and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-Scoping Review Extension guidelines. Systematic searches will be carried out in scientific databases. Studies published within the last 10 years will be included based on certain eligibility criteria. All included studies will be critically appraised using the Research Pyramid. Data from included studies will be charted and subjected to content analysis. Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required for scoping reviews. The dissemination of findings will be conducted through conference presentations and publication in international scientific journals., Funding Agencies|Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research [STY--2021/0005 Dnr: 2021/01786]

Recommendations for how practitioners “should communicate about their work, so as to become ‘more efficient’ and make better use of their ‘team’” are increasingly being requested. However, if we want social work practice to change or improve, we first need to acquire insight into its actual content(s), that is, what practitioners do in different working contexts and how they interact. Based on a systematic review of recent empirical findings from studies on inter- and intra-professional case discussions in social work practice using naturalistic data, this presentation aims to provide insight into backstage case discussions and to provide directions for further research. Goffman´s concept of backstage implies that the discussions in focus take place metaphorically, away from an audience consisting of clients or significant others. In synthesizing the included studies, we identified five types of interaction among practitioners in relation to the case discussed and three types of content that were raised and shared, as well as an apparent mismatch between formal reasons for the discussions and the purpose they serve in practice. A lack of common vocabulary for conceptualizing the discussions and of attention given to their backstage character was also identified. The presentation will highlight an important area for further research and stress the importance of not being blinded by formal purposes or ideological underpinnings in examining intra- and inter-professional discussions in social work; it shows that we should look into what is actually going on in practice.

Background: A growing population of older people will require different types of occupational therapy services in the future. For occupational therapists to provide effective services and to optimize care, their practice must rely on high-quality evidence. Research is one important pillar of evidence-based practice. Therefore, it is important to examine the research published in occupational therapy journals, which guides practitioners in their work with clients. Aim: The overall aim of this study was to review research characteristics in articles with older persons as participants, aged over 65 years, with or without illness, diseases or disabilities, reported in occupational therapy journals during the period 2013-2017. Materials and methods: Data was collected from peer-reviewed occupational therapy journals and categorized in relation to research characteristics using descriptive statistics. Results: The findings show that most articles presented basic research, using quantitative design where the sources of data were instruments. Conclusion: The findings suggest that both qualitative and quantitative articles use appropriate sample sizes. However, descriptions of the studied populations are frequently unclear, which may affect the transferability and generalization of the results.

There are few studies in social work with older people today that cast light on how case conferences function as assessments. The focus of this presentation is one case that is considered as difficult as it falls between the cracks amongst two legislations (regarding services in elderly care and disability services). The data consist of recordings of two informal backstage meetings amongst social workers in one Swedish social work agency. The case conferences was analyzed using discourse analysis. Case conferences officially have an informal advisory stated function. However, the study demonstrates that the talk in the case conferences is rich in arguments about priorities and how to dismiss solutions with different dimensions of assessment making depending on which legislation the social workers rely on. The arguments used in case conferences to dismiss different solutions are related to (i) Cultural arguments including relatives' involvement in care, language reasons- and integration (ii) Organizational and legal arguments including organization's resources and economic arguments. (iii) Specific arguments related to the client or a group with the same diagnosis. The results show that case conference regarding elderly care services, relies more on cultural arguments, as these assessments are based on the Social Service Act which are a framework legislation which opens up for more interpretations by the social workers. The case conference regarding disability services are based more on legal and organizational arguments as it relies on the ‘Act Concerning Support and Services to Persons with Certain Functional Impairments’ which is a civil rights legislations which gives clearer directives for the social workers. By making case conferences visible as everyday assessment practices, the findings suggests that there is a de-clientificating process in practice which is directed by categorization were cultural, organizational as well as legislative arguments are at pl

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It has often been argued that identities have a strong connection to stories and storytelling and thus that life stories should be used to individualize care for people with dementia. A problem with this view is that storytellers are seen as individuals, freely reflecting on, composing, and telling life stories. This view becomes especially problematic when persons with dementia tell stories in institutional contexts where certain information is requested and necessary for decision-making. The aim of this study is to investigate how autobiographical stories are used and what functions they have in assessment meetings involving persons with dementia. Fifteen assessment meetings were audio-recorded and transcribed. Narratives were extracted and analyzed by coding who the narrator or narrators were, what the narrator(s) accomplished by telling this story, and what the consequences were for the ongoing meeting. It was found that all interlocutors told stories about the person with dementia. These stories were found to have three functions: (1) to justify why care services were needed; (2) to describe experiences about previous care; and (3) to provide a good working climate. Thus, not all autobiographical stories are the persons story. For care managers in their everyday work it is important to be aware of this and not only be satisfied with a story that suits the organizations needs. Furthermore, stories told in assessment meetings often positioned the person as dependent on others, which could undermine the identity and sense of self of the person with dementia., Funding Agencies|Swedish Riksbankens Jubileumsfond [M10-0187:1]

The overall aim of the study was to investigate if and how persons with dementia were able to take part in negotiations for formal support, as cases of citizenship as practice. The transcripts used for analysis were from 11 assessment meetings conducted in Sweden, in which the formal applicant was a person with dementia. The findings suggest that the actual participation of persons with dementia in assessment meetings varies. Communication problems were found in the meetings to different degrees and were dealt with differently and with various consequences. For those persons with dementia contributing at the same levels as the other participants, there was an attempt at mutual understanding. For those making fewer contributions, the other interlocutors took over the initiative and thus affected the practice of citizenship by persons with dementia in a negative way. The practice of citizenship is situation based and varies depending on all participants. When the person with dementia is able to participate in the conversation, social workers can facilitate for them to overcome communication problems by giving them more time and signaling acceptance. If the person with dementia has great problems in participating, the other participants can find different strategies to at least involve her or him in the conversation, Funding agencies: Solstickan Foundation; Swedish Riksbankens Jubileumsfond [M10-0187:1]

It has been demonstrated that persons with dementia may be positioned as less competent than participants of the same age without dementia, and that persons with dementia possibly also are positioned as less competent than other older persons without dementia. In the present study, we aim to explore this further by analysing Swedish assessment meetings, in which needs and preferences are investigated for older persons without dementia. The material consists five audio-recorded assessment meetings, where there were at least two conversational partners present (a spouse and/or a child) and where the older person applying for social services was not diagnosed with dementia. The ages of the older persons ranged from 81 to 88, while the age of the relatives ranged from 46 to 93. The results of the present study demonstrate that older persons without dementia mainly are positioned as competent. However, it may be related to the degree of frailty, since the frailest person in the present study appears to be positioned as less competent than the other participants. The present paper adds to existing knowledge on how professionals in assessment meetings contribute to the positioning of older persons as competent and capable of making decisions. The results of the present article may be useful to promote development of education and training of communication skills for care mangers in assessments in order to further ensure that older persons with and without cognitive impairments can be actively involved in the creation and interpretation of their applications for social services.

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In this paper the authors study if and how persons with dementia are orally positioned by others, and how they position themselves while participating in assessment meetings held in order to discuss access to supportive services. We analysed five assessment meetings where two older persons (one diagnosed with dementia and one without a dementia diagnosis) participated to investigate whether the person with dementia is positioned differently than the other old person. Interactional phenomena used to position the person with dementia were identified by interactional analysis. The paperidentifies six phenomena that positioned the person with dementia as an individual with less interactional competence than the other participants: ignoring the person with dementia; voicing the feelings, capacity or opinion of the person with dementia; posing questions implying lack of competence; others' use of diagnosis; self-(re)positioning; and elderspeak. Persons with dementia are often orally positioned as less competent, indicating that they suffer further from discrimination than other older persons. We suggest that this has an impact on the participation of people with dementia in negotiations regarding their future care. The results indicate that social workers should be made aware that negative positioning exists and how it may affect the ability of people with dementia to contribute to discussions about their everyday life. Social workers should be encouraged to find strategies to reduce negative positioning in interaction.

We will present voice as an analytical framework to enhance the problematization and investigation of citizenship for people living with dementia. We will also discuss the strengths and the potential of using such a framework when doing research on citizenship in general, and more specifically, for people living with dementia. The analytical framework that we will propose focuses on the multiple accounts of voice in use. Thus, the framework does not only embrace the issue of "whose voices?", but also the various ways voice has been conceptualised, framed and understood in different theoretical and empirical contexts as well as how these together in different ways have the potential to shed light on the possibility for people with dementia to remain participative actors in their neighbourhood, in society and furthermore, to have the opportunity to claim full citizenship., Medborgarskap och demens, CEDER

Background: During recent decades, there has been a growing recognition that people cannot be assumed incapable of making decisions about their own care solely on the basis of a dementia diagnosis and international agreements and legislative changes have strengthened the formal right for people with dementia to participate in decisions on care services. This raises important questions about how these decisions are currently made and experienced in practice. In this review, we address this question and highlight directions for further research. METHODS: We searched CINAHL, PsycINFO, ASSIA, Social Services Abstracts, Science Direct, Academic Search Premier, and PubMed. Twenty-four pertinent articles were identified, all representing qualitative studies. Relevant findings were extracted and synthesized along dimensions of involvement of the person with dementia in decisions on care services, using an integrative approach to qualitative synthesis. RESULTS: We identified three overarching ways in which people with dementia are involved, primarily, in the informal part of a process of decisions: excluded, prior preferences taken into account, and current preferences respected. Several (10) articles seemed to be based on the assumption that decisions on care services are invariably and solely made within the family and without participation of the person with dementia. CONCLUSIONS: The review emphasizes the need for more updated research about international debates and agreements concerning capabilities and rights of people with dementia and about the (potential) formal contexts of care decisions in the country concerned. This, we argue, is vital for future knowledge production in the area.

During recent decades, there has been a growing recognition that people cannot be assumed incapable of making decisions about their own care solely on the basis of a dementia diagnosis and international agreements and legislative changes have strengthened the formal right for people with dementia to participate in decisions on care services. This raises important questions about how these decisions are currently made and experienced in practice. The aim of this presentation is to address this question and highlight directions for further research. The presentation is based on a systematic review and qualitative synthesis of recent empirical findings. For inclusion in the review, a publication had to meet the criteria of being published between 2005 and 2013 in a peer-reviewed journal, and be written in English. Twenty-four articles were identified, all representing qualitative studies. Relevant findings were extracted and synthesized along dimensions of involvement of the person with dementia in decisions on care services. Three overarching ways in which people with dementia are involved, primarily, in the informal part of a process of decisions were identified: excluded, prior preferences taken into account, current preferences respected. Several articles seemed to be based on the assumption that decisions on care services are invariably and solely made within the family and without participation of the person with dementia. Our study emphasizes the need for more updated research about international debates and agreements concerning capabilities and rights of people with dementia and about the (potential) formal contexts of care decisions in the country concerned., CEDER

OBJECTIVE: Employment rates are significantly lower among individuals with arthritis compared to a general population. There is, however, limited research about how men with arthritis perceive their ability to maintain working. The aim of this study was thus to explore their perception of this. PARTICIPANTS: Nine employed men with arthritis were purposively sampled. METHODS: Interviews were performed and were informed by the central concepts of the Model of Human Occupation. The Empirical Phenomenological Psychological method was modified and used to analyze and interpret collected data. RESULTS: The findings showed that men with arthritis perceived a desire to work, adjusted their activity pattern, were aware of their own capabilities, had good work conditions, had environmental support and used effective medication to maintain their ability to work. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that health care professionals can help men with arthritis to find strategies and a balance between recreation and work. Ultimately, this knowledge could guide health care professionals to target men needing interventions to prevent sick leave.

Objective: Employment rates are significantly lower among individuals with arthritis compared to a general population. There is, however, limited research about how men with arthritis perceive their ability to maintain working. The aim of this study was thus to explore their perception of this. Participants: Nine employed men with arthritis were purposively sampled. Methods: Interviews were performed and were informed by the central concepts of the Model of Human Occupation. The Empirical Phenomenological Psychological method was modified and used to analyze and interpret collected data. Results: The findings showed that men with arthritis perceived a desire to work, adjusted their activity pattern, were aware of their own capabilities, had good work conditions, had environmental support and used effective medication to maintain their ability to work. Conclusions: The findings suggest that health care professionals can help men with arthritis to find strategies and a balance between recreation and work. Ultimately, this knowledge could guide health care professionals to target men needing interventions to prevent sick leave.