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469 results on '"Österberg, Monika"'

4. Modelling aerosol transport and virus exposure with numerical simulations in relation to SARS-CoV-2 transmission by inhalation indoors

Author

Vuorinen, Ville, Aarnio, Mia, Alava, Mikko, Alopaeus, Ville, Atanasova, Nina, Auvinen, Mikko, Balasubramanian, Nallannan, Bordbar, Hadi, Erästö, Panu, Grande, Rafael, Hayward, Nick, Hellsten, Antti, Hostikka, Simo, Hokkanen, Jyrki, Kaario, Ossi, Karvinen, Aku, Kivistö, Ilkka, Korhonen, Marko, Kosonen, Risto, Kuusela, Janne, Lestinen, Sami, Laurila, Erkki, Nieminen, Heikki, Peltonen, Petteri, Pokki, Juho, Puisto, Antti, Råback, Peter, Salmenjoki, Henri, Sironen, Tarja, and Österberg, Monika

Subjects
Physics - Fluid Dynamics, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Physics - Medical Physics, Physics - Physics and Society
Abstract

We provide research findings on the physics of aerosol dispersion relevant to the hypothesized aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2. We utilize physics-based modeling at different levels of complexity, and literature on coronaviruses, to investigate the possibility of airborne transmission. The previous literature, our 0D-3D simulations by various physics-based models, and theoretical calculations, indicate that the typical size range of speech and cough originated droplets (d < 20microns) allows lingering in the air for O(1h) so that they could be inhaled. Consistent with the previous literature, numerical evidence on the rapid drying process of even large droplets, up to sizes O(100microns), into droplet nuclei/aerosols is provided. Based on the literature and the public media sources, we provide evidence that the infected individuals could have been exposed to aerosols/droplet nuclei by inhaling them in significant numbers e.g. O(100). By 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, we give examples on the transport and dilution of aerosols (d<20microns) over distances O(10m) in generic environments. We study susceptible and infected individuals in generic public places by Monte-Carlo modeling. The model accounts for the locally varying aerosol concentration levels which the susceptible accumulate via inhalation. The introduced concept, 'exposure time' to virus containing aerosols is proposed to complement the traditional 'safety distance' thinking. We show that the exposure time to inhale O(100) aerosols could range from O(1s) to O(1min) or even to O(1h) depending on the situation. The Monte Carlo analysis provides clear quantitative insight to the exposure time in different public indoor environments., Comment: Preprint, 58 pages, 15 figures

Published
2020
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30. Combining Rigid Cellulose Nanocrystals and Soft Silk Proteins: Revealing Interactions and Alignment in Shear

Author

Leppänen, Ilona, primary, Arola, Suvi, additional, King, Alistair W. T., additional, Unger, Miriam, additional, Stadler, Hartmut, additional, Nissen, Gry Sofie, additional, Zborowski, Charlotte, additional, Virtanen, Tommi, additional, Salmela, Juha, additional, Setälä, Harri, additional, Lésage, Stephanie, additional, Österberg, Monika, additional, and Tammelin, Tekla, additional

Published
2023
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43. Biological activity of multicomponent bio-hydrogels loaded with tragacanth gum

Author

Teixeira Polez, Roberta, Morits, Maria, Jonkergouw, Christopher, Phiri, Josphat, Valle-Delgado, Juan José, Seppälä, Jukka, Linder, Markus B., Maloney, Thaddeus, Rojas Gaona, Orlando, Österberg, Monika, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Bioproduct Chemistry, Biomolecular Materials, Polymer technology, Bio-based Materials, Bio-based Colloids and Materials, Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University

Subjects
Tissue Engineering, Tissue Scaffolds, Tragacanth gum, Bioprinting, Hydrogels, General Medicine, Biochemistry, Structural Biology, Printing, Three-Dimensional, Tragacanth, Cellulose nanofibrils, Lignin nanoparticles (LNP), Tissue engineering, Rheology, Molecular Biology
Abstract

Producing hydrogels capable of mimicking the biomechanics of soft tissue remains a challenge. We explore the potential of plant-based hydrogels as polysaccharide tragacanth gum and antioxidant lignin nanoparticles in bioactive multicomponent hydrogels for tissue engineering. These natural components are combined with TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils, a material with known shear thinning behavior. Hydrogels presented tragacanth gum (TG) concentration-dependent rheological properties suitable for extrusion 3D printing. TG enhanced the swelling capacity up to 645% and the degradation rate up to 1.3%/day for hydrogels containing 75% of TG. Young's moduli of the hydrogels varied from 5.0 to 11.6 kPa and were comparable to soft tissues like skin and muscle. In vitro cell viability assays revealed that the scaffolds were non-toxic and promoted proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Therefore, the plant-based hydrogels designed in this work have a significant potential for tissue engineering.

Published
2022

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