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This study was conducted to examine the lexical bundles used by nonnative speakers of English and explore any potential L1 influence on L2 lexical bundle use. Following a corpus-based approach, the frequency and types of English four-word lexical bundles in the postgraduate academic writing of Turkish and American students were analyzed, and the bundles unique to the Turkish students were compared with Turkish lexical bundles produced by Turkish post-graduate students. For this purpose, three sub-corpora were compiled: English MA/PhD theses by Turkish, English MA/PhD theses by American, and Turkish MA/PhD theses by Turkish students, all from the area of language teaching. Data analysis showed that the Turkish students used twice as many types of four-word lexical bundles in their English theses (N = 125) as the American students (N = 69). Moreover, 62 lexical bundles were significantly overused by Turkish students, and 37 of these lexical bundles never occurred in the theses of American students. With respect to cross-linguistic influence, the findings showed that Turkish postgraduate students were likely to transfer 24.8% of lexical bundles from their native language, Turkish, to a foreign language, English. Moreover, four-word lexical bundles that were very frequent in Turkish theses were also found to be very frequent in English theses of Turkish students. These findings are discussed in light of previous studies, and pedagogical implications are offered.

Post-predicate that clauses are one of the indicators of evaluative language which shows the attitude, position, and personal evaluation of the writers in academic discourse. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the distribution and frequently used controlling verbs of post-predicate that clauses controlled by verb (VTHAT) in academic writings of Turkish learners of English and to compare them with those of native English students and expert writers. For this purpose, a specialized research corpus with three main sub-corpora was compiled: MA and PhD theses written by L2 students and native English students and published research articles written by native experienced writers. The results of the study showed that both L2 and native English students significantly overused VTHAT structures compared to the native experienced writers; however, Turkish students used VTHAT structures more frequently than their native peers in academic discourse. The analysis of the controlling verbs in VTHAT constructions showed that eight out of the 10 top frequent verbs in the Turkish students' theses were common across either three or two sub-corpora. However, there were various significant differences in the frequencies of these controlling verbs between the subcorpora, which can imply that Turkish students use such constructions to have a low authoritative presence in terms of their authorial stance in academic writing. The findings were discussed with reference to the previous findings, and pedagogical implications were offered.

For academics, foreign language academic literacy is essential in order to read and analyze academic sources in the foreign language effectively as well as to produce and present their own work in that language. In spite of various studies and trainings on English for academic purposes, it is still questioned why academics and graduate students cannot have the literacy in this area. To address this problem, it is necessary to examine and determine their needs for foreign language academic literacy. Therefore, the present paper reports a large scale needs analysis on the academics and graduate students across different disciplines all over Turkey. Applying quantitative research method, this study adapted a survey model to determine and discuss which academic language skill is the most difficult and what language skill competencies they should improve from their perspective. The results were analyzed in terms of the language skill competencies and the participants' disciplines they studied. The findings indicated that the participants needed most of the competencies questioned in the survey, and their needs were language-skill specific rather than discipline-specific. The participants mostly emphasized academic writing competencies, which supports the assumption in the literature that productive skills are the most difficult skill to improve for learners.

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Child & Adolescent Mental Health / Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sagligi Dergisi is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Studies have shown that elevated empathic abilities and impaired theory of mind (ToM) tasks may be associated with social anxiety disorder (SAD). Adolescence is a critical period for the onset of SAD which may cause impairment in various domains of functioning. We aimed to investigate the association of ToM and empathy characteristics in adolescents diagnosed as having SAD. Forty-one drug-naïve adolescents (between 12 and 18 years), who were diagnosed as having SAD without comorbidities were enrolled in the patient group. Forty adolescents in the same age range without any psychiatric disorders were matched as the healthy control group. The sample was evaluated via the Kiddie and Young Adult Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Present and Lifetime Version. The severity of the SAD symptoms was evaluated using the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents. ToM was evaluated with the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test and emotion recognition was assessed by Faces Test. The KA-SI Empathic Tendency Scale was used to assess empathic abilities. The average age was 14.36 ± 1.41 years in the SAD group and 14.30 ± 1.04 years in the control group. Twenty-eight adolescents were female in the SAD and control groups. SAD and healthy controls did not differ in terms of sociodemographic data. There were higher scores in the KA-SI cognitive and affective empathic subscales (p < .001 in all scales) in the SAD group compared with the healthy controls. Adolescents with SAD have more difficulties both in Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test and Faces Test. The results of this study may indicate that although adolescents with SAD may be impaired in decoding aspects of ToM they may evaluate themselves as more empathic in self-report tests. The discrepancy between objective tests of ToM decoding and subjective reports of empathy may play an important role in the etiology and treatment of SAD in adolescents., Author(s): Yusuf Öztürk [sup.1] , Gonca Özyurt [sup.2] , Serkan Turan [sup.3] , Caner Mutlu [sup.4] , Ali Evren Tufan [sup.5] , Aynur Pekcanlar Akay [sup.6] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.411082.e, [...]

Lexical bundles such as "on the other hand" and "as a result of" are extremely common and important in academic discourse. The appropriate use of lexical bundles typical of a specific academic discipline is important for writers and the absence of such bundles may not sound fluent and native-like. Recent studies (e.g. Adel & Erman, 2012; Chen & Baker, 2010) have revealed that non-native writers produce not only fewer types of lexical bundles, but also less varied ones. Furthermore, they also overuse a restricted number of bundles in their writing. Focusing on this issue, this study aimed to investigate Turkish and native English postgraduate students' and native scholars' use of lexical bundles in a specific academic discipline, that is foreign language teaching, in terms of frequency, functions and structures. For this aim, a corpus of 150 texts was collected containing Turkish and native English students' MA and PhD theses along with native scholars' published research articles. Four-word lexical bundles were identified using WordSmith Tools 6. The results revealed that Turkish postgraduate students used far more lexical bundles in their texts compared to both native students and scholars. However, there was a redundancy in Turkish students' texts when the token frequencies were examined, meaning that Turkish students overused most of the lexical bundles. On the other hand, statistical analysis of the bundle lists revealed that Turkish postgraduate students employed different bundles from their native peers and scholars. Finally, the structural and functional categories of the lexical bundles did not show any statistically significant differences across the research sub-corpora.

Depression is a common mental health problem in adolescence. In this study it was aimed to investigate attachment properties, emotion regulation skills and anger expression patterns in adolescents diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) and to compare the results with healthy controls' findings. Effects of having comorbid anxiety disorder (AD) to these psychological properties were also evaluated. The study was planned as three-centered, single-disciplinary, a cross-sectional study with a control group in Turkey. Depression group was consisted of 97 adolescents while control group was 101 adolescents. All participants were administered Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI). Depression group had statistically lower scores in peer attachment and parent attachment, and higher scores in all subscales of DERS compared to the controls. Due to STAXI, it was observed that depression group obtained statistically significant higher scores in trait anger, repression of anger, expression of anger and statistically lower scores in control of anger, compared the controls. There was no difference in state anger between groups. In depression group, there were no significant differences for any promising psychiatric properties between adolescents with MDD and those with MDD + AD. The findings of this study supported that anger expression and emotional regulation difficulties were related with depression and that this relationship was also associated by attachment security. These findings are important for clinical practice to increase understanding of the association between attachment security, emotion regulation, anger expression and depression., Author(s): Gonca Özyurt [sup.1] , Yusuf Öztürk [sup.2] , Merve Onat [sup.3] , Caner Mutlu [sup.4] , Aynur Akay [sup.5] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.411795.f, 0000 0004 0454 9420, Department of [...]

OBJECTIVES: This is the first study to evaluate the efficacy of parent training in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Turkey. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the positive parenting programme (Triple P) on ADHD symptoms, functionality, severity of disease, and behavioural and emotional problems of children. An additional aim was to evaluate the potential effects of Triple P on parental attitudes and family functioning of children with ADHD. METHODS: The study was a randomized controlled study. A total of 48 subjects aged between 7 and 12 years, who were diagnosed as ADHD by Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children Present and Life-time Kiddie (K-SADS-PL). Following randomization into two equal groups, mothers of the first group participated to Group Triple-P Programme while the second group was receiving no treatment. The two groups were compared right before and after the intervention on rates of ADHD symptoms, emotional, behavioural variables, family functioning and parental attitudes. RESULTS: When we compared the results before and after the implementation of Triple P in the intervention group, there was a statistically significant increase in CGAS scores, and a statistically significant decrease in CGI scores. There was a statistically significant decrease subscale scores of SDQ; and total score of the DuPaul Questionnaire; a statistically significant decrease in problem solving, communication, roles in family, affective sensitivity, behaviour controlling, and general functioning subscale scores in FAD; a statistically significant decrease of parenting attitude, hostility, and rejecting attitude, and authoritarian attitude subscale scores; and a statistically significant increase in democratic attitude subscale scores of PARI. CONCLUSION: The results of our study suggest that Triple P could be useful in the treatment of children with ADHD, but further studies about Triple P on children with ADHD are needed.

This study investigates pragmatic language impairment, Theory of Mind (ToM), and emotion regulation in adolescents with Developmental Dyslexia(DD). The Social Responsiveness Scale-2(SRS) and Children's Communication Checklist-2(CCC-2) scores were found to be statistically significantly higher in the DD group than in healthy controls. DD group had lower performance in ToM skills and they have more difficulties in emotion regulation. We also found that CCC-2 and ToM scores were significantly correlated in adolescents with DD. These results may be important in understanding the difficulties experienced in social functioning and interpersonal relationships in adolescents with DD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to investigate social cognition and empathy properties in children among Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) + Attention and Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD); ADHD and healthy controls from Türkiye. Methods: Twenty-two children with DMDD were compared to matched 30 children with ADHD and 60 healthy controls. We administered Affective Reactivity Index (ARI), KaSi Empathy Scale, Kiddie-SADS, and Reading Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) to evaluate Theory of Mind skills to all study participants. Results: DMDD + ADHD group had lower performance in ToM skills and empathy than in two groups. The ARI scores were found to be statistically significantly higher in the DMDD group than in two groups. It was also found that ARI, empathy, and ToM scores were significantly related in children with DMDD + ADHD. Conclusion: These results might be important to understand the difficulties in social functioning and interpersonal relationship in children with DMDD and ADHD. Children with DMDD may attend specific therapeutic programs which include specific techniques in social cognition, emotion regulation, and irritability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This manuscript provides a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of unavoidable thermal effects in solid-state lasers and an end-to-end solution for the heat generated inside the gain medium. After a description of the basic physical mechanisms (Quantum defect, Upconversion, and Thermal Quenching of Fluorescence), Total Heat Generation Coefficient is calculated for suitable holder designed used in the practical operating conditions of a cavity to reduce the thermal effects and to increase lasing efficiency. In particular, simulations that have been performed with a finite-element model is used to theoretically simulate thermal lensing in Cr:Nd:GSGG crystals with pumping scenarios. The predicted values for thermally induced strengths are compared with experimentally observed previous results. Finally, necessary calculations for the new crystal holder design were made by the help of the simulation modelling for a 1.5 W Gaussian (TEM00) laser diode double-end-pumped slab geometry Cr:Nd:GSGG crystal. The results were discussed deeply, and it is proven that the new holder design for this gain medium is suitable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]