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This study aims at a rediscovery of the extent to which a Data Driven Learning (DDL)-based intervention could become instrumental in facilitating grammar instruction with a specific focus on English for Academic Purposes (EAP) and learner autonomy in a preparatory program comprised mostly of Turkish-L1 learners. It provides a context-restricted longitudinal depiction of the effectiveness of a DDL-based grammar instruction endorsed by teacher mentorship across groups asynchronously, thus re-testing the limits of DDL-oriented corpus pedagogy in contexts where a control group is not available. To this end, a corpus was compiled out of the existing reading and listening materials in use ad hoc as the Alternative Corpus of Academic Texts (ACAT), and a total of 19 grammar lessons covering topics in the curriculum of the second level of the grammar course were developed using the ACAT. Blind pre- and post-test procedures were administered with all four experimental groups independent of each other to gradually build up an understanding of the governing pattern of learner achievement through DDL and corpus-based teacher-prepared materials. The analysis demonstrated a rise in student achievement across all groups despite the lack of a teacher disseminating knowledge to students DDL-enhanced teaching. With the design being unorthodox, this study shows that the triple powers of DDL, self-discovery, occasional teacher supervision, in class in the traditional sense, thus showing that a sense of autonomy could be fostered through and corpus-based teaching materials, could help learners survive autonomously no matter how hectic the curriculum run at an institution is. Further research is needed to deepen this insight so that this sort of DDL practice could be implemented at an institutional level.

Online corpus referencing through web applications such as fraze.it can help non-native language teachers train tertiary level learners of academic writing by providing them with native or near-native perspectives which come within concordance lines derived from authentic sources. The present study features a semi-experimental design in order to reach an understanding of the impact of simulated academic reading (SAR), which denotes a sentence-based approach to getting students familiar with the authentic use of English in academic texts. The sample (N = 62) is comprised of English for academic purposes (EAP) students taking a grammar course with a specific focus on academic writing at the language school of a state university in Turkey. In order to see the difference that SAR could make, the sample was split into an experimental group (n = 32) and a control group (n = 30). Whilst the experimental group received SAR-weighted grammar aid through effective teacher guidance for seven weeks, the control group was required to follow the guidelines exerted by the existing curriculum. The quantitative data were collected through the application of a delayed pre-test and a post-test, and the scores of the learners in the two groups were compared through a paired sample t-test. The qualitative data was collected by means of an online survey of four open ended questions, and a corpus analysis was conducted to reach common codes and themes emerging in the responses. The difference between the test scores of the two groups were statistically significant. This overall trend was concurrent in the responses to the survey as well. Further research is needed to see the extent to which SAR can change the way learners learn in the long run, though.

This research examines the relationship between objective and perceived relative incomes and health outcomes in Turkey, drawing data from the Life in Transition Survey (LITS) III. The analysis is stratified by gender, employment status, marital status, and educational attainment. Objective income consistently correlates positively with health, with the relationship being particularly strong for employed males. On the other hand, perceived relative income significantly influences health, especially among female subgroups and the unemployed. Disparities in health outcomes based on marital status, age, and education emerge: married males, individuals below 35, and those with below-median education display pronounced associations between objective income and health. The findings emphasize the multifaceted relationships between objective income, perceived economic status, and health, highlighting the need for tailored interventions for health across distinct demographic segments in transitional settings like Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To compare the functional and clinical results of early stage 1 Kienböch patients in whom we performed arthroscopic forage and syneviectomy. Methods: Adult patients who applied to Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical Faculty Orthopedics and Traumatology outpatient clinic between 01 June 2021 and 01 June 2022 were diagnosed with Kienböch stage 1 and were to be planned for arthroscopic forage treatment were included in the study. Patients who smoked, underwent other treatment protocols and received systemic steroid treatment were excluded from the study. Quick Arm Hand and Shoulder Problems (QuickDASH) questionnaire and visual analogue Pain Scale (VAS) score were applied to the patients before and at 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months after surgery. During the clinical examination, postoperative total joint range of motion (ROM) was measured and the normal side was examined. In addition, grip and pinch strength measurements were examined. Radiological criteria such as carpal height ratio, subchondral cyst and osteophyte formation were evaluated at each control. Results: 22 patients applied to our clinic and 13 of them accepted the surgical procedure. 7 of these patients were men and 6 were women. Their average age was 27.8 years. The average follow-up period ofthese patients was 12 months. When the patients were examined after 12 months of follow-up, it was seen that the post-surgical vas score was significantly lower than the pre-surgical vas score (p<0.001). QuickDASH score and passive wrist movements improved significantly at postoperative follow-up. Grip strength increased significantly. Lichtman staging remained the same in 85% of patients. Conclusions: In stage 1 Kienböch patients, arthroscopic forage and wrist synovectomy are performed, minimizing the functional losses of the patients and providing a rapid decrease in pain levels. As a consequence, patients return to social and business life early and with minimal loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background and Purpose: For public health, it is important to investigate vaccine hesitancy, determine populations reluctant for vaccines, and investigate barriers and facilitators for vaccination in these groups. This study aims to modify and validate the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale specific to adults in Turkish society. Methods: The study, which was designed as a methodological and survey type, was conducted using a Google questionnaire with 720 participants who met the inclusion criteria with a convenient sampling method. Results: After factor and reliability analysis, a 2-factor, 10-item scale with an acceptable and perfect range of fit index values emerged. It has been observed that individuals who are young, single, do not have children, have vaccine allergy, and do not believe that the vaccine will protect the society are adversely affected by the environment, and those who do not have COVID-19 and flu have a high level of hesitancy to vaccine. Conclusions: The Vaccine Hesitancy Scale is a valid and reliable tool to detect vaccine hesitation in adults in Turkish society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Does education make people more or less religious? The previous literature offers mixed findings on the relationship between education and religiosity. This may be due to endogeneity bias: education and religiosity can be caused by a third variable such as culture or upbringing. We instrument education by exposure to the 1997 education reform in Turkey which increased mandatory schooling from 5 to 8 years. The schooling reform increased the probability that young girls would complete 8 years of schooling and report lower religiosity later in life. The reform apparently did not influence such outcomes for boys. These effects are observed primarily in females growing up in strongly religious or poor areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The financial technology (hereinafter: fintech) industry is growing rapidly which is supported by the fact that it received more than $20 billion in investment last year alone. This article surveys historical development of fintech and its influence on market structure in banking industry, efficiency, strategic plans of participants, and stability of financial market. Based on World Bank database, the paper tests the fundamental premise - whether there is a relationship between country GDP and population and usage of new technology and smartphones in financial transactions and payment processing. The results of the study provide evidences of statistically significant positive relationships between per capita GDP and usage of new technology and smartphones in financial transactions and payment processing. Also, they indicate statistically significant positive relationships between per capita GDP and payment of utilities and received wages through a mobile phone. Thus, the results of study should be taken into consideration when forming the policies regarding the use of new technology and smartphones in financial transactions and payment processing.