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The aim of this study was to compare intrathecal (IT) administration of bupivacaine and ropivacaine after propofol was given to dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy operation. After propofol was administered to 16 dogs, IT anesthesia was performed with either 20 mg of bupivacaine (bupivacaine group, BG, n=8) or 30 mg ropivacaine (ropivacaine group, RG, n=8) in the lumbosacral space in this randomized, prospective, clinical trial. Noninvasively systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperatures were recorded after propofol and up to 150 min after IT injections. Onset, duration and the extent of sensory block were determined by using the needle prick during the ovariohysterectomy operation. The duration of IT anesthesia (BG: 89.5±7.6 min; RG: 64.75±6.8 min) was significantly different between the groups (P

The aim of this study is to compare optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings of retinal thickness (RT) and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) patients to those of healthy subjects, and to investigate whether there is any relationship between the severity of the disease and the RNFLT values. This prospective study was included 25 IPD patients and 29 healthy controls. In the IPD group, the Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y), Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), and Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) were performed. Intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity (VA), spherical equivalent, axial length (AL), and central corneal thickness (CCT) were measured using OCT in both groups. The RT was measured in the central retinal (RTc), nasal (RTn), and temporal (RTt) segments. Nasal (RNFLTn), nasal superior (RNFLTns), nasal inferior (RNFLTni), temporal (RNFLTt), temporal superior (RNFLTts), and temporal inferior (RNFLTti) measurements were made and mean RTFLT was calculated (RNFLTg) for each individual. In the patient group, IOP and VA values were statistically significantly lower The RTn and RNFLTg were significantly thinner in the patient group. There was no statistically significant relationship between the severity of IPD and these findings. In our study, RNFLTg and RTn were found to be thinner in the IPD group, which may have caused lower VA scores. The effects of retinal dopamine depletion on RT and RNFLT, and lower IOP values in the non-glaucomatous IPD patients should be further investigated.

Objective: Atrial High Rate Episodes (AHRE) are subclinical atrial tachyarrhythmias detectable by cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). AHREs have been associated with an increased risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF), thromboembolism, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, and mortality. Although recent studies have assessed the value of oxidative stress markers in patients with AF, the relationships between AHRE and oxidative stress markers, including nitric oxide, has not yet been elucidated. This study aims to investigate the relationship between these markers and AHRE., Method: This prospective, cross-sectional study comprised 180 patients with CIEDs. The study population was divided into two groups based on the presence (n = 78) and absense (n = 102) of AHRE to analyze its association with biomarkers., Results: The AHRE (+) group was significantly older, had a higher prevalence of hypertension, higher NT-proBNP (508.8 ± 249 pg/mL vs. 415.3 ± 292.1; P = 0.037), MDA levels (20.9 ± 4.1 μmol/L vs. 19.1 ± 3.1 μmol/L; P = 0.006), and iNOS activity (1,935.9 ± 326.1 pg/mL vs. 1,677.4 ± 363.2 pg/mL; P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis identified age, hypertension, MDA (odds ratio [OR]: 1.131, 95%CI: 1.009 - 1.268, P = 0.035), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity (OR = 1.002, 95% CI = 1.001 - 1.003, P < 0.001), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity (OR = 0.990, 95% CI = 0.986 - 0.984, P < 0.001) as independent predictors of AHRE., Conclusion: The study findings indicated that plasma levels of NT-proBNP, MDA, nitric oxide, and the expression of iNOS and eNOS were significantly associated with AHRE. Moreover, elevated plasma MDA concentrations, increased iNOS activity, and decreased eNOS activity were identified as independent predictors of AHRE.

This study aimed to investigate the stress-related changes that may occur in sheep following non-surgical cervical line passage. A total of 20 sheep underwent transcervical transition, and their heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature, and blood samples were collected at specific time points: 1 h prior to the procedure, immediately after the procedure, and at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 h post-procedure. The study found that there was a statistically significant decrease in body temperature immediately after the procedure (p < .05); however, there were no significant differences in body temperature at other time points (p > .05). Respiratory rate remained similar throughout the study, and no significant differences were observed (p > .05). On the other hand, there was a significant increase in heart rate at the 1-h mark after the procedure (p < .05), which subsequently decreased to a similar level as the control group at the 4-h mark after the procedure (p > .05). The cortisol levels increased significantly after the application (p < .05) but decreased to a level similar to the control after 1 h (p > .05). The level of nitric oxide increased significantly in the first hour (p < .05) and decreased by the 5th hour (p < .05). There was a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and total oxidant capacity (TOC) levels 2 h after the application (p < .05), but this increase ceased at the 4th and 5th hours for MDA (p > .05) and at the 3rd, 4th and 5th hours for TOC (p > .05). The total antioxidant capacity decreased after the 2nd hour of application (p < .05) but remained similar at the fourth and 5th hours (p > .05). In conclusion, based on the cortisol data, transcervical manipulations create short-term stress. Therefore, it may be necessary to use various antioxidants before such procedures to reduce the effects of oxidative stress., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background and Aim: Many metabolic and immunological changes occur during the transition period. Innate immunity plays an important role against to infections and natural antibodies (NAb) are important in immunity. This study aims to determine a connection between serum NAb titers, beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations in Tuj and Hemşin sheep during the peripartum period., Materials and Methods: Serum NAb, BHBA, and NEFA levels were determined from the blood samples collected from Tuj and Hemşin sheep on days 30 and 15 before birth, on the day of birth (day 0), and on days 15 and 30 after birth., Results: NAb titers were found to be higher in Tuj than in Hemşin sheep (p<0.001). No statistically significant difference was found in serum BHBA concentrations of both breeds on all sampling days (p>0.05). The serum NEFA level was lower in Tuj sheep in the last 15 days of pregnancy compared to Hemşin sheep (p<0.05), while no difference was found in samples collected at the other time points., Conclusion: This study indicated that serum NAb titers significantly changed in Tuj and Hemşin sheep during the transition period. Serum BHBA and NEFA concentrations increased during the last stages of pregnancy and decreased after birth. Based on these findings, it is suggested that the immunological status could vary by the breed of sheep or various factors that affect the sheep's metabolic state., (Copyright: © Kaçar, et al.)