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Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Stunting, attributed to insufficient nutrition during the critical first 1000 days of life, remains a pressing public health issue in North Sumatera, Indonesia. This study investigates the influence of pre-marital education on prospective couples' knowledge and nutritional status as a stunting prevention strategy. Employing a quantitative, cross-sectional design, the study involved 1000 prospective couples across 10 districts. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings demonstrate that pre-marital education significantly enhances knowledge of nutrition, family planning, and stunting prevention, leading to improved nutritional status. However, increased knowledge of stunting was inversely related to nutritional status. The study concludes that comprehensive pre-marital education is vital for effective stunting prevention. It recommends a thorough revision of pre-marital educational content, emphasizing a tailored and integrative approach to health and nutrition, to address specific regional challenges and enhance overall program efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite advances in cancer therapy the prevalence of malnutrition remains high in oncology patients. Malnutrition is a multi-causal syndrome reflecting the interaction between a tumor, its treatment and the host. Its consequences have a direct impact on the prognosis and also on quality of life throughout the treatment period and beyond in cancer "survivors". The systematic screening for malnutrition in all cancer patients is key to ensure an early diagnosis of the risk of malnutrition or malnutrition and prevent its worsening. All health care providers are concerned by this early step. The diagnostic criteria for malnutrition proposed by the French Upper Health Authority (HAS) in 2019, are based on the association of phenotypical and etiological criteria. The initial screening is followed by a nutrition evaluation by a trained health care staff. The nutritional status evaluation is a prerequisite to propose a personalized nutritional care plan. The individualized nutrition support is adapted to the malnutrition severity, oral intake and nutritional needs of each patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antecedentes: La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC), tiene muchos retos: el diagnóstico temprano, atención especializada, aspectos económicos, sin embargo el aspecto nutricional es de la misma relevancia. No se conoce el número de especialistas en nutrición renal en muchos países (entre ellos México). El derecho a la salud, a la nutrición y a la nutrición clínica son reconocidos internacionalmente; sin embargo, no se tiene la certeza que en la ERC se goce de ellos. La adecuada evaluación nutricional contempla evaluaciones antropométrica, bioquímica, clínica, dietética y de estilo de vida; pero evaluar el sentido del gusto no se hace de manera regular. Objetivo y Resultados: análisis bibliográfico sobre el derecho a la evaluación nutricional adecuada, optima y completa en la ERC. La alta prevalencia tanto de ERC como de desnutrición de pacientes en diálisis predice los resultados clínicos y de sobrevida de los pacientes; aunque el número de nutriólogos en algunos países es mayor que en otros, el número de especialistas en nutrición renal no parece haberse alcanzado. No se puede confirmar que los pacientes con ERC gozan del derecho a la nutrición clínica, incluso no hay evaluaciones tan importantes como la del sentido del gusto de manera habitual. Conclusiones: aunque existe el derecho a la salud, a la nutrición y a la nutrición clínica, se debe asegurar que se lleve a cabo por un especialista en nutrición renal y que abarque la evaluación del sentido de gusto, hecha por profesionales de la nutrición entrenados que puedan interpretar los resultados de la misma.

Copyright of TraHs - Trayectorias Humanas Trascontinentales is the property of Universite de Limoges and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Les pratiques alimentaires inadéquates sont à l'origine de la malnutrition chez les enfants de 6 à 23 mois. La connaissance de ces pratiques permet d'orienter les conseils pour les parents afin d'inverser les tendances nutritionnelles. Déterminer les pratiques alimentaires chez les nourrissons de 6 à 23 mois dans les formations sanitaires de la ville de Kara. Il s'est agi d'une étude transversale, descriptive et analytique menée du 1er avril au 30 juin 2021 chez les nourrissons âgés de 6 à 23 mois et les personnes en charge de ces derniers recrutés lors des séances de vaccination, de contrôle et promotion de la croissance (CPC) dans les formations sanitaires de la ville de Kara. Ont été étudiés, les aspects sociodémographiques des enfants de 6 à 23 mois et de leur personne en charge ainsi que les aspects relatifs à l'alimentation et à l'état nutritionnel des nourrissons. La tranche d'âge de 9 à 23 mois a été la plus représentée (83,2 %). Le sexe ratio garçon/fille était de 0,9. Parmi les nourrissons enquêtés, 91,8 % étaient encore allaités et 8,2 % étaient ablactés. Les nourrissons dans 18,8 % des cas avaient reçu un aliment avant 6 mois. Les groupes alimentaires 1, 3 et 7 étaient consommés par les nourrissons enquêtés à plus de 80 % la veille de l'enquête. Les nourrissions avaient dans 54 % des cas un score de diversification alimentaire faible et dans 15 % des cas un score de diversification alimentaire élevé. La fréquence minimale des repas était faible chez 15,9 % des nourrissons de 6 à 8 mois et chez 86 % des nourrissons de 9 à 23 mois. L'évaluation de l'état nutritionnel a noté que 10,5 % des nourrissons enquêtés souffraient d'un retard de croissance; 7,7 % d'une insuffisance pondérale; 4,3 % des nourrissons étaient émaciés; 2,1 % en surpoids et 0,2 % étaient obèses. Il y avait une différence statistiquement significative pour le score diversification faible et élevé au profit des nourrissons avec état nutritionnel normal (p = 0,0000). L'alimentation des nourrissons de 6 à 23 mois n'était pas optimale la veille de l'enquête. Les nourrissons avaient une malnutrition sous diverses formes. Il est indispensable d'améliorer les conseils en matière de pratique alimentaire pour améliorer l'état nutritionnel des nourrissons dans la ville de Kara. Inadequate feeding practices are the cause of malnutrition in children aged 6-23 months. Knowledge of these practices can guide parental counseling to reverse nutritional trends. To determine the feeding practices of infants aged 6 to 23 months in the health facilities of the city of Kara. This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study conducted from April 1 to June 30, 2021 among infants aged 6 to 23 months and their caregivers recruited during immunization sessions, control and growth promotion (CPC) in the health facilities of the city of Kara. The sociodemographic aspects of children aged 6 to 23 months and their caregivers were studied, as well as aspects related to the feeding and nutritional status of infants. The age group 9 to 23 months was the most represented (83.2 %). The boy/girl sex ratio was 0.9. Of the infants surveyed, 91.8 % were still breastfed and 8.2 % were ablated. In 18.8 % of the cases, the infants had received a food before 6 months. Food groups 1, 3 and 7 were consumed by more than 80 % of the infants surveyed on the day before the survey. The infants had a low food diversification score in 54 % of cases and a high food diversification score in 15 % of cases. The minimum frequency of meals was low in 15.9 % of infants aged 6 to 8 months and in 86 % of infants aged 9 to 23 months. The assessment of nutritional status noted that 10.5 % of infants surveyed were stunted; 7.7 % were underweight; 4.3 % of infants were emaciated; 2.1 % were overweight; and 0.2 % were obese. There was a statistically significant difference for the low and high diversification score in favor of infants with normal nutritional status (P = 0.0000). The feeding of infants aged 6 to 23 months was not optimal on the day before the survey. The infants had malnutrition in various forms. It is essential to improve the advice on feeding practices to improve the nutritional status of infants in the city of Kara. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Être en bonne santé c’est se nourrir avec une alimentation adéquate en quantité, en qualité et variée. C’est pourquoi les enfants de moins de 2 ans qui sont à l’état de croissance ont besoin d’une alimentation de complément approprié. Objectif. Déterminer les aliments de complément et l’état nutritionnel des enfants de 6 à 24 mois. Matériel et méthodes. La présente étude est descriptive transversale, réali-sée dans 8 villages de la commune de Liboré au Niger sur un échantillon de 137 enfants. Résultats. Il ressort de l’étude que les enfants ont bu ou consommé principalement, avant l’âge de 6 mois, de l’eau simple (95,9%), des décoctions (39,7%), de la bouillie (23,1%) et des produits lactés (13,2%) ainsi qu’une consommation de 0,8% de pomme de terre et de jus de fruit. Les aliments locaux fréquemment utilisés étaient des céréales (98,5%) suivi des légumineuses (67,2%), la viande et le poisson ne représentent respectivement que 17,5% et 50,4%. La consommation des fruits et des légumes dépend des saisons. Les principaux repas des enfants étaient le lait maternel (95,6%), le plat familial (76,6%), la bouillie simple (64,2%) et une faible introduction de bouillie enrichie (31,4%), de purée (5,1%) et de soupe (3,6%). Dans les dernières 24 heures, les enfants ont consommé des céréales (93,4%), suivi du lait maternel (81,0%). Selon l’indice Z-score, l’état nutritionnel des enfants était de 27,0% pour l’émaciation et 29,2% pour le retard de croissance. Conclusion. Seuls 31,4% des enfants consomment la bouillie enri-chie. Afin de remédier à ces problèmes d’alimentation de complément et nutritionnel, il est d’autant plus important de mettre en oeuvre des interventions nutritionnelles à haut impact pour favoriser une alimentation optimale chez les enfants pendant les deux premières années de vie. [Introduction. Being healthy means eating adequate food in quantity, quality and variety. This is why children under 2 years of age who are in the growth stage need an appropriate complementary diet. Objective. Determine the complementary foods and nutritional status of children 6-24 months of age. Material and methods. The present study was descriptive and cross-sectional, conducted in 8 villages of the Liboré commune in Niger, on a sample of 137 children. Results. The study showed that the children drank or consumed mainly before the age of 6 months simple water (95.9%), decoctions (39.7%), porridge (23.1%), and milk products (13.2%), as well as a consum-ption of 0.8% of potato and fruit juice. The local foods frequently used were cereals (98.5%) followed by legumes (67.2%), and meat and fish represented only 17.5% and 50.4% respectively. The use of fruits and vegetables depended on the season. Children main meals were breast milk (95.6%), family dish (76.6%), simple porridge (64.2%), and a small introduction of enriched porridge (31.4%), mashed (5.1%), and soup (3.6%).In the last 24 hours before the survey, children consumed cereals (93.4%), followed by breast milk (81.0%). According to the Z-score index, the nutritional status of children was 27.0% for wasting and 29.2% for stunting. Conclusion. Only 31.4% of children consume enri-ched porridge. In order to remedy to these problems of complementary and nutritional feeding observed in children, it is all more important to implement high-impact nutritio-nal interventions to promote optimal nutrition in children during the first two years of life.]

La diversification alimentaire est une période à risque de déséquilibres nutritionnels. L'objectif de cette étude a été de déterminer la relation entre la pratique de la diversification alimentaire et l'état nutritionnel des nourrissons. Une étude transversale a été menée du 01 au 30 Novembre 2021 au centre hospitalier universitaire mère-enfant Tsaralalana et dans 6 centres de santé de base de niveau II de la ville d'Antananarivo. Ont été colligés 222 nourrissons âgés de 6–23 mois. La prévalence de l'insuffisance pondérale, de la malnutrition aiguë, de la malnutrition chronique a été respectivement de 46,9 %, 29,7 % et 34,7 %. L'âge d'initiation de la diversification alimentaire non conforme à la recommandation de l'OMS a été associé à l'insuffisance pondérale [OR = 2,22 (1,27–3,88)] et à la malnutrition aiguë [OR = 5,09 (2,75–9,44)]. Un score de Ruel et Menon < 9 a été associé à l'insuffisance pondérale [OR = 4,65 (2,53–8,53)], à la malnutrition aiguë [OR = 5,57 (2,58–12,03)] et à la malnutrition chronique [OR = 5,76 (2,81–11,79)]. Le non-respect du minimum alimentaire acceptable a été associé à l'insuffisance pondérale [OR = 3,22 (1,80–5,71)], à l'émaciation [OR = 5,57 (2,58–12,03)] et au retard de croissance [OR = 4,47 (2,27–8,82)]. L'utilisation d'assiette commune a été un déterminant de l'insuffisance pondérale [OR = 2,38 (1,39–4,08)], de l'émaciation [OR = 2,61 (1,50–4,95)] et du retard statural [OR = 2,71 (1,53–4,79)]. La conduite de la diversification alimentaire influence l'état nutritionnel du nourrisson. L'amélioration des pratiques de l'alimentation du nourrisson et du jeune enfant est fondamentale dans la lutte contre la malnutrition. Complementary feeding is a period at risk of nutritional disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the complementary feeding practice and the nutritional status of infants. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 01 to 30, 2021 at the Mother and Child University Hospital Center Tsaralalana and in 6 basic health centers level II in the city of Antananarivo. Two hundred and twenty two (222) infants aged 6–23 months were collected. The prevalence of underweight, acute malnutrition and chronic malnutrition were respectively 46.9 %, 29.7 % and 34.7 %. The age of initiation of complementary feeding that does not comply with the WHO recommendation has been associated with underweight [OR = 2.22 (1.27–3.88)] and acute malnutrition [OR = 5.09 (2.75–9.44)]. A Ruel and Menon score < 9 was associated with underweight [OR = 4.65 (2.53–8.53)], acute malnutrition [OR = 5.57 (2.58–12, 03)] and chronic malnutrition [OR = 5.76 (2.81-11.79)]. Non-compliance with the minimum acceptable diet has been associated with underweight [OR = 3.22 (1.80–5.71)], wasting [OR = 5.57 (2.58–12, 03)] and growth retardation [OR = 4.47 (2.27–8.82)]. Common plate use was a determinant of underweight [OR = 2.38 (1.39–4.08)], wasting [OR = 2.61 (1.50–4, 95)] and stunting [OR = 2.71 (1.53–4.79)]. Complementary feeding practice influences the nutritional status of infants. Improving infant and young child feeding practices is fundamental in the fight against malnutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intestinal helminthic infections are among the commonest infections worldwide. It often affects the poorest communities and has similar geographic distribution with malnutrition. Intestinal helminthic infection contributes to undernutrition through subtle reduction in digestion and absorption of food, chronic inflammation and loss of nutrients. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminthic infection and its relationship with nutritional status of primary school children in Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria. Methodology: This was a cross sectional study of 350 pupils selected through multistage random sampling technique from 24 primary schools in Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria from July 2018 to January 2019. Demographic information including age, gender, height, and weight were collected from each participant with a designed collection form. The data were analysed using SPSS version 24.0, and presented as frequency distribution and mean ± SD. The Chisquare test (with Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval) was used to test for association between prevalence of helminthiasis and factors such as gender, age group and school type. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant at 95% confidence interval. Results: The prevalence of intestinal helminthic infection was 23.7% (83/350). Eighty (96.4%) of the 83 infected pupils were in public schools while only 3 (3.6%) were in private schools (p<0.001). The prevalence of helminthiasis was significantly higher in underweight pupils (34%, OR=2.113, p=0.0065)) and significantly lower (5.4%, OR=0.1637, p=0.0037) in overweight pupils while the prevalence was not significantly associated with normal weight (p=0.5482) or obesity (p=1.000). Conclusions: Intestinal helminthic infection is a public health problem in children with adverse significant relationship with nutritional status. Provision of toilet facilities in schools and periodic de-worming of pupils aimed at reducing loss of nutrients from intestinal helminthiasis are recommended. Contexte: Les infections intestinales helminthiques sont parmi les infections les plus courantes dans le monde. Elle affecte souvent les communautés les plus pauvres et a une répartition géographique similaire à la malnutrition. L'infection helminthique intestinale contribue à la dénutrition par une réduction subtile de la digestion et de l'absorption des aliments, une inflammation chronique et une perte de nutriments. L'objectif de cette étude est de déterminer la prévalence de l'infection helminthique intestinale et sa relation avec l'état nutritionnel des enfants de l'école primaire à Gombe, dans l'État de Gombe, au Nigeria. Méthodologie: Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale de 350 élèves sélectionnés par une technique d'échantillonnage aléatoire à plusieurs étapes dans 24 écoles primaires de Gombe, dans l'État de Gombe, au Nigéria, de juillet 2018 à janvier 2019. Des informations démographiques, notamment l'âge, le sexe, la taille et le poids, ont été recueillies auprès de chaque participant avec un formulaire de collecte conçu. Les données ont été analysées à l'aide de SPSS version 24.0, et présentées sous forme de distribution de fréquence et de moyenne ± ET. Le test du chi carré (avec rapport de cotes et intervalle de confiance à 95%) a été utilisé pour tester l'association entre la prévalence des helminthiases et des facteurs tels que le sexe, le groupe d'âge et le type d'école. Une valeur de p<0,05 a été considérée comme statistiquement significative à un intervalle de confiance de 95%. Résultats: La prévalence des helminthiases intestinales était de 23,7% (83/350). Quatre-vingts (96,4%) des 83 élèves infectés étaient dans des écoles publiques alors que seulement 3 (3,6%) étaient dans des écoles privées (p<0,001). La prévalence des helminthiases était significativement plus élevée chez les élèves en insuffisance pondérale (34%, OR=2,113, p=0,0065)) et significativement plus faible (5,4%, OR=0,1637, p=0,0037) chez les élèves en surpoids, alors que la prévalence n'était pas significativement associée à un poids normal poids (p=0,5482) ou obésité (p=1,000). Conclusion: L'infection intestinale helminthique est un problème de santé publique chez l'enfant ayant une relation défavorable significative avec l'état nutritionnel. La mise à disposition de toilettes dans les écoles et le déparasitage périodique des élèves visant à réduire la perte de nutriments due aux helminthiases intestinales sont recommandés. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Étudier l'évolution du statut nutritionnel d'une cohorte d'enfants hospitalisés et identifier les facteurs de risque de la dénutrition hospitalière (DH). Étude prospective, transversale, menée dans un service de pédiatrie sur une période de six mois, ayant inclus des enfants d'âge ≥ 30 jours, hospitalisés pendant une durée ≥ six jours. Les données anthropométriques ont été évaluées à l'admission et à la sortie. La consommation alimentaire a été évaluée à l'aide de l'outil fleur. Nous avons identifié les facteurs de risque de la DH par une analyse multivariée. Nous avons inclus 120 patients, d'âge moyen de 46,3 mois. La prévalence de la dénutrition aiguë à l'admission était de 21,7 % et celle de la dénutrition chronique était de 10 %. La prévalence de la dénutrition aiguë à la sortie est passée à 34 %. Une perte de poids au cours de l'hospitalisation a été notée chez 68,3 % des enfants inclus. La prévalence de la DH était de 55 % en considérant une diminution du z-score de l'IMC ou du P/PAT ≥ 25 %. Les facteurs de risque de la DH étaient : l'âge ≤ 24 mois (p = 0,039 ; OR IC95 % = 2,67 [1,05–6,82]), la présence d'une dénutrition à l'admission (p = 0,002 ; OR IC95 % = 2,32 [0,93–6,51]) et une consommation alimentaire moyenne < 50 % durant l'hospitalisation (p < 10−3 ; OR IC95 % = 6,69 [2,57–17,40]). Le dépistage de la dénutrition à l'admission à l'hôpital ainsi que l'évaluation du risque nutritionnel chez les enfants hospitalisés est indispensable afin qu'une prise en charge nutritionnelle, préventive ou curative puisse être instituée. Study the evolution of the nutritional status of a cohort of hospitalized children and identify the risk factors of hospital malnutrition. Prospective, cross-sectional study carried out in a pediatric department over a period of six months, including all children aged ≥ 30 days, hospitalized for a period ≥ six days. Anthropometric data were assessed on admission and discharge. Food consumption was assessed using the flower tool. We identified the risk factors for hospital undernutrition (HUN) by multivariate analysis. We included 120 patients with a mean age 46.3 months. The prevalence of acute undernutrition at admission was 21.7% and that of chronic undernutrition was 10%. The prevalence of acute undernutrition at discharge rose to 34%. Weight loss during hospitalization was noted in 68.3% of cases. The prevalence of HUN was 55% considering a decrease in BMI or P/PAT z-score ≥ 25%. The risk factors for HUN were: age ≤ 24 months (P = 0.039; OR 95% CI = 2.67 [1.05–6.82]), the presence of undernutrition on admission (P = 0.002; OR 95% CI = 2.32 [0.93–6.51]) and average food consumption < 50% during hospitalization (P < 10−3; OR 95% CI = 6.69 [2.57–17.40]). Screening for undernutrition on admission to hospital as well as assessment of the nutritional risk in hospitalized children is essential so that preventive or curative nutritional care can be taken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les personnes en fauteuil roulant sont rarement pesées, faute de balances adaptées et disponibles. La Libre Pesée est un dispositif destiné à leur en donner la possibilité. La Libre Pesée associe : des plateformes de pesée en accès libre installées dans des locaux ouverts au public ; un réseau d'établissements de soins et d'Établissement d'hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes (EHPAD) qui acceptent l'utilisation libre de leur plateforme de pesée ; un carnet de suivi pondéral contenant des conseils nutritionnels ; des actions de communication. Quatre plateformes ont été installées depuis 2014 à Rennes, Fougères, Lannion et Redon et 31 établissements du territoire de santé participent à la Libre Pesée. La moyenne trimestrielle du nombre des pesées par jour ouvré a augmenté de 0,81 ± 0,15 à 1,44 ± 0,21 (p < 0,0001) entre 2015–2016 et 2018–2019. Les fauteuils électriques sont utilisés par 86 % des personnes de faible poids et par 89 % des personnes en obésité massive, les fauteuils manuels par 58 % des personnes en situation d'obésité modérée ou sévère. Les actions et les documents ont le label du Plan National Nutrition et Santé (PNNS). Des communications ont été faites dans plusieurs congrès médicaux. Les quatre sites ont participé à la « semaine de la dénutrition » 2020. La Libre Pesée permet aux personnes en fauteuil roulant de se peser sans aide, régulièrement, gratuitement, discrètement, près de chez eux, avec des balances précises et accessibles en fauteuil roulant, dans des lieux au service du public. Elle contribue à réduire le déficit d'accès aux soins nutritionnels dont elles sont victimes. Wheelchair-dependent people are all too rarely weighed, due to the lack of suitable and available scales. La Libre Pesée (free weighing) is an initiative designed to give them the opportunity to do so. Libre Pesée combines : free-access weighing platforms installed in premises open to the public; a network of care or accommodation establishments for dependent persons who accept the free use of their weighing platform; a weight monitoring booklet containing nutritional recommendations; communication actions. Four platforms have been set up since 2014 in Rennes, Fougères, Lannion and Redon and 31 establishments in the health area are taking part in the Libre Pesée. The quarterly means of the number of weighings per working day increased from 0.81 ± 0.15 to 1.44 ± 0.21 (P < 0.0001) between 2015–2016 and 2018–2019. Electric chairs are used by 86% of people with low weight and by 89% of people with massive obesity, and manual chairs by 58% of people with moderate or severe obesity. The actions and documents have received the NSP label. Communications were made during eight regional and national congresses. All four sites participated in the 2020 "undernutrition week". The "Libre Pesée" allows wheelchair-dependent people to weigh themselves without assistance, regularly, free of charge, discreetly, close to their homes, with accurate wheelchair accessible scales, in places that serve the public. It helps to reduce the lack of access to nutritional care of which they are victims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Introduction. La ménopause se définit comme un arrêt permanent des mens-truations sur une période d'aménorrhée consécutive de 12 mois, sans cause physiologi-que ou pathologique évidente. Objectif. Etudier l’état nutritionnel et les pathologies liées à la ménopause. Matériel et méthodes. Une enquête transversale descriptive et analytique a été réalisée sur 200 femmes, dont 148 ménopausées. Un questionnaire a permis de recueillir les caractéristiques sociodémographiques. Les paramètres anthropométriques, les apports alimentaires par le rappel des 24h, l’apport calcique et la pression artérielle ont été déterminés. Des prélèvements sanguins ont servi pour le dosage des paramètres biochimiques. Résultats. Parmi les femmes ménopausées (FM), 48% sont en surpoids et 29% sont obèses. L’obésité abdominale a été retrouvée chez plus de 70% des femmes étudiées. La consommation du lait au petit déjeuner est notée chez moins de femmes ménopausées que de femmes non ménopausées (FMN). Elles sont également moins nombreuses à consommer les légumes et les boissons sucrées pendant leur repas. Le profil alimentaire des FM a montré des insuffisances dans l’apport énergétique quotidien total (1741±666 Kcal/j). Globalement, les apports mo-yens en calcium, en magnésium et en vitamine D sont inférieurs aux apports nutritionnels conseillés (ANC). Le rapport calcium/phosphore est inférieur à 0,7. Le profil métabolique des femmes ménopausées a révélé plusieurs anomalies, tels qu’une hyper-cholestérolémie, une hypertriglycéridémie, une hyperglycémie, un cholestérol-HDL bas et une hypocalcémie. Conclusion. L’alimentation quotidienne des femmes ménopausées ne permet pas d’atteindre les ANC. Un système de surveillance de leur état nutritionnel serait nécessaire pour corriger ce déséquilibre alimentaire.[Abstract Introduction. Menopause is defined as a permanent menstruation cessation, over a 12 months period of consecutive amenorrhea, with no obvious physiological or pathological cause. Objective. Evaluate nutritional status and associated diseases to menopause. Materials and methods. A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional survey was conducted on 200 women, whose 148 were menopausal. A questionnaire permitted to collect the socio-démographic characteristics. Anthropometric parameters, dietary intake by the 24h recall, calcium intake, blood pressure were determined. Blood samples were used to measure biochemical parameters. Résults. Among menopausal women, 48% were overweight, and 29% were obese. Abdominal obesity was found in 70% of studied women. Consumption of milk at breakfast was found in less menopausal women than premenopausal women. They fed also less likely vegetables, and sugary drinks during their meals. Nutritional profile of menopausal women showed deficiencies in to-tal daily energy intake (1741±666 Kcal/day). Overall, mean intake of calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D were lower than recommended intakes. Calcium to phosphorus ratio was lower than 0.7. Metabolic profile, in menopausal women, revealed several anomalies, as hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypergly-cemia, low HDL-cholesterol, and hypocalcemia. Conclusion. Daily diet of menopausal women does not achieve recommended intake. A system for monitoring nutritional status of these women would be required to correct their unbalanced diet.]

Copyright of Psychologie Française is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Déterminer les facteurs de dénutrition et le grade nutritionnel des patients en chirurgie viscérale dans un centre hospitalier universitaire malagasy. Cet objectif découle du fait que la dénutrition pré-opératoire, facteur de risque indépendant de complications postopératoires, aggrave la morbi-mortalité et devrait être recherchée avant toute intervention. Une étude transversale de 12 mois a été réalisée chez les patients allant bénéficier d'une intervention chirurgicale, admis dans les services de chirurgie viscérale. Après information du personnel soignant, les facteurs de dénutrition ont été recherchés, puis identifiés et le statut nutritionnel des patients établi. Les analyses statistiques uni- et multivariées ont été réalisées (SPSS® 17.0). Cent six dossiers ont été analysés avec une population d'étude à prédominance féminine (64 %) âgée de 46 [15–83] ans. Les chirurgies étaient à risque de morbidité élevé dans 32 % des cas (néoplasies surtout). Selon l'indice de masse corporelle (21,9 [12,8–33,3] kg/m2), une dénutrition était cliniquement pertinente dans 33 % des cas, avec un amaigrissement récent chez 35 % des patients. Les facteurs les plus retrouvés étaient la douleur persistante pré-opératoire, la néoplasie et les troubles alimentaires. Les grades nutritionnels I (26 %) et II (42 %) étaient majoritaires. Les grades III (12 %) et IV (19 %) imposent la mise en place d'une stratégie nutritionnelle. Les facteurs de risque de dénutrition peuvent conduire à une dénutrition cliniquement pertinente. L'évaluation nutritionnelle pré-opératoire devrait toujours être réalisée pour une prise en charge nutritionnelle adaptée. Suite à cette enquête, une amélioration des pratiques nutritionnelles est nécessaire. The aim of the study was to determine the factors of malnutrition and the nutritional grade of patients in visceral surgery units in a Malagasy University Hospital. This aim was established because pre-operative malnutrition is an independent risk factor for postoperative complications, especially in terms of morbidity and mortality that should be assessed before any intervention. A cross-sectional study, involving patients admitted for surgical intervention, in visceral surgery units, was conducted over a 12-month period. A briefing of visceral surgery staff was carried out and a survey was prepared. Correlation and regression tests were performed (SPSS® 17.0). One hundred and six cases were analyzed (study population aged 46 [15–83] years old, mostly women). High morbidity planned surgeries were estimated in 32% of cases especially surgery for neoplasias. According to the body mass index (21.9 [12.8-33.3] kg/m2), malnutrition was clinically relevant in 33% of cases. Thinning was found in 35% of patients. The most frequently identified risk factors were persistent preoperative pain, neoplasia and eating disorders. Nutritional risk stratification found a majority of patients in nutritional grades I (26%) and II (42%). Nutritional grades III and IV, requiring nutritional strategies, were found in 12% and 19% of patients, respectively. There's many risk factors for malnutrition that can lead to clinically relevant malnutrition. Nutritional assessment should be performed before any surgical procedure in order to implement appropriate nutritional management. Following this study, an improvement of the practices should be performed in the different surgery units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La pratique de la diversification alimentaire est liée à plusieurs facteurs. En Algérie, nous ne disposons d'aucune étude traitant cette problématique. Notre objectif est d'identifier les facteurs associés à l'âge d'initiation de la diversification alimentaire et d'établir d'éventuelles corrélations de cette période avec l'état nutritionnel des enfants. Cette étude a concerné 578 couples mères-enfants. Un questionnaire nous a permis de collecter des renseignements sur les enfants et leurs parents. Les données recueillies comprenaient les caractéristiques sociodémographiques, les renseignements sur l'âge de la diversification, les aliments introduits et les paramètres anthropométriques. La diversification avant l'âge de 4 mois était retrouvée chez 13,76 % des enfants, 67,47 % avaient commencé la diversification entre 4 et 6 mois et 18,86 % ont été diversifiés à l'âge de 6 mois révolu. Le type d'allaitement, le rang de naissance et le poids de naissance des enfants sont des facteurs statistiquement liés à l'âge d'initiation de la diversification. La prévalence du retard de croissance est significativement supérieure chez les enfants diversifiés avant 4 mois et la prévalence du surpoids incluant l'obésité est significativement plus élevée chez les enfants diversifiés avant l'âge de 6 mois. La diversification avant l'âge de 6 mois semble être associée à une malnutrition. Dans cette étude, 8,66 % des enfants avaient un excès pondéral et 9,17 % un retard de croissance. La diversification alimentaire en Algérie est associée à plusieurs facteurs. Nos résultats ont révélé que la diversification alimentaire précoce (avant 6 mois) est associée à une malnutrition. The practice of food diversification is linked to several factors. In Algeria, we have no study dealing with this problem. Our aim is to identify the factors associated with the age of initiation of food diversification and to establish possible correlations of this period with the nutritional status of children. This study involved 578 mother-child couples. A questionnaire allowed us to collect information on children and their parents. The data collected included socio-demographic characteristics, information on the age of diversification, the foods introduced and anthropometric parameters. Diversification before the age of 4 months was found in 13.76% of children, 67.47% had started diversification between 4 and 6 months and 18.86% were diversified at the age of 6 months. The type of breastfeeding, the birth order and the birth weight of children are factors statistically linked to the age of initiation of diversification. The prevalence of stunting is significantly higher in diverse children before 4 months and the prevalence of overweight including obesity is significantly higher in diverse children before 6 months. Diversification before the age of 6 months seems to be associated with malnutrition. In this study, 8.66% of the children were overweight and 9.17% were stunted. Food diversification in Algeria is associated with several factors. Our results revealed that early food diversification (before 6 months) is associated to malnutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Despite the implementation of various nutritional interventions, access to healthy food in sufficient quantity for the population remain challenging in Burkina Faso. The objective of this study was to assess the nutritional status of infants aged 6-23 months and to identify factors associated with malnutrition. Patients and methods: From 1st May to 31th July 2016, we conducted a cross-sectional study at Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital paediatric department. Infants aged 6 to 23 months admitted to the paediatric emergency department were enrolled. Factors associated with malnutrition were identified using multivariate logistic regression. Results: A total of 295 infants were included, at an average age of 13 months (standard deviation: 5.1 months). The prevalence of wasting was 15%, 13% was stunting and 7% was underweight. The majority of mothers (69%) were unaware of exclusive breastfeeding and only 22% knew the importance of colostrum. In multivariate analysis age ≥ 12 months increased the odds of wasting (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.1-4.7), while knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding reduced the risk of wasting (aOR: 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.9). In addition, age ≥12 months (aOR: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.03-0.22), female gender (aOR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.12-0.77) and absence of dietary restrictions (aOR: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.05-0.3) significantly reduced the odds of stunting. Conclusion: The prevalence of malnutrition remains high in paediatric department in Burkina Faso. Routine screening and adequate management of malnutrition, coupled with the promotion of optimal nutritional practices in childhood, is needed to improve child healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate gender differences in nutritional status, dietary intake, physical activity and hand hygiene among adolescents from diverse geographical settings in sub-Saharan Africa.Methods: This study utilised cross-sectional data from six countries (Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania and Uganda) within the ARISE Adolescent Health Survey (n = 7625). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using measured heights and weights, and z-scores were calculated based on the 2007 WHO growth standards for age and sex. Information on demographics, diet and health behaviours was collected through face-to-face interviews using a standardised questionnaire. Site-specific and pooled prevalence ratios were determined.Results: The prevalence of underweight, overweight and stunting pooled across sites was 14.3%, 6.8% and 18.1%, respectively. Female sex was associated with a lower risk of being underweight (pooled prevalence ratio 0.66, 95% 0.57, 0.77) and stunted (pooled PR 0.63, 95% CI 0.55, 0.71), but a higher risk of being overweight (pooled PR 1.60, 95% CI 1.26, 2.06). Females were also less likely to exercise for 1 h or more per day (pooled PR 0.77, 95% CI 0.67, 0.88), and more likely to wash hands after using toilets or latrines and to wash hands with soap (pooled PRs 1.13, 95% CI 1.05, 1.21 and 1.35, 95% CI 1.23, 1.45, respectively).Conclusion: Our results emphasise that sex is a key predictor of nutritional status among sub-Saharan African adolescents and suggest that gender-specific interventions may be required to reduce the double burden of under- and overnutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Summary Objectives The aim of this study was to assess whether a 12-week nonpharmalogical nutritional intervention NI aimed at improving iron status in female athletes can mitigate disorders in the menstrual cycle. Equipment and methods Forty-one female athletes with menstrual disorders and iron deficiency or anemia were recruited. Energy and nutrient intake, total energy expenditure, energy availability, morphological parameters and serum iron and ferritin level, as well as serum concentrations of LH and FSH were measured at the beginning of the study and after twelve weeks of NI. Results Twelve weeks of NI resulted in an increase in energy and several nutrients (energy: mean 527 kcal/d, protein: 17 g/d, carbohydrate: 98 g/d, calcium: 430 mg/d, vitamin D 2 μg/d, iron 5 mg/d, thiamin 0.5 mg/d, niacin, 3.4 mg, folate 163 μg/d, vitamin C 50 mg/d). After twelve weeks of NI, an improvement in iron status was observed in the athletes (as increases in hemoglobin: mean 0.43 g/dl, MCV: 2 fl, MCH: 1.04 fl, and serum iron level: 46 μg/l). Basis on hemoglobin, serum iron, ferritin and red cell indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW) results the number of subjects with iron deficiency, anemia declined and latent iron deficiency was observed (iron deficiency from 7 to 5, anemia from 9 to 5, latent iron deficiency from 25 to 15). Significant increases in the level of LH and the LH-to-FSH ratio were also seen (LH means 1.51 mlU/ml and LH-to-FSH ratio means 0.31). Conclusion A NI aimed at improving iron status in female athletes with simultaneous iron deficiency and anemia can also improve the level of the hormones responsible for maintaining a regular menstrual cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé La dénutrition chez le patient obèse, à l’instar du patient non obèse, expose à de nombreuses conséquences cliniques et aboutit à un accroissement de la morbi-mortalité mais reste fortement sous-estimée. Il est donc impératif de la prévenir, de la dépister et de la prendre en charge le plus tôt possible surtout chez les patients à risque ou fragilisés par une maladie chronique. Cependant, la définition et les critères de diagnostic de la dénutrition destinés aux sujets adultes non obèses sont mis en défaut en raison des particularités cliniques, morphologiques et biologiques liées à l’adiposité excessive. Dans un domaine où il n’existe pas de consensus, cette synthèse a pour objectif de souligner les difficultés d’appréciation de la dénutrition dans cette circonstance et d’apporter des éclaircissements sur les paramètres de l’évaluation de la dénutrition et leurs limites en situation d’obésité. Undernutrition in the obese patient, like the non-obese patient, has numerous clinical consequences and leads to an increase in morbidity and mortality, but it is still underestimated. It is therefore imperative to prevent, detect and manage it as early as possible especially in patients at risk or weakened by a chronic disease. However, the definition and diagnostic criteria for undernutrition in non-obese adult subjects are flawed due to the clinical, morphological and biological characteristics associated with excessive adiposity. In an area where there is no consensus, the aim of this review is to highlight the difficulties in assessing undernutrition in this circumstance and to clarify the parameters of undernutrition assessment and their limits in the situation of obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Contexte En République démocratique du Congo, le taux d’allaitement maternel exclusif à 6 mois est inférieur à 50 %. Le but de cette étude est de déterminer l’état nutritionnel des nourrissons avec diversification alimentaire précoce et de rechercher les facteurs liés à cette dernière. Méthode Nous avons interrogé 378 couples mères–enfants fréquentant deux unités de protection maternelle et infantile de Bukavu du 1 er juin au 31 juillet 2015. Les données recueillies comprenaient les caractéristiques sociodémographiques, les renseignements sur l’alimentation, les paramètres anthropométriques et les indices nutritionnels. Le test de χ 2 a été utilisé pour tester la différence entre 2 proportions des variables indépendantes. Les odd ratio (OR) et leurs intervalles de confiance à 95 % du risque de diversification alimentaire précoce ont été donnés pour chaque déterminant. Résultats Au total, 381 nourrissons ont été inclus. Dix (5,7 %) nourrissons avaient un déficit pondéral, 13 (7,4 %) avaient un retard de croissance et 10 (5,7 %) avaient une malnutrition aiguë. Sur le plan nutritionnel, il n’existait pas de différence statistiquement significative entre les nourrissons avec diversification alimentaire précoce et ceux ayant bénéficié l’allaitement maternel exclusif jusqu’à 6 mois. La profession des mères était le seul facteur statistiquement associé à la diversification précoce ( p = 0,0000). Conclusion L’état nutritionnel des nourrissons avec diversification alimentaire précoce était bon. D’autres recherches devraient être menées dans les milieux défavorisés pour confronter ces tendances. Summary Background In Democratic Republic of Congo, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months is less than 50%. The current study was designed to determine the nutritional status of infants with early complementary feeding and search for factors related to it. Method We surveyed 300 mother–infant pairs attending two maternal and child protection units of Bukavu from June 1 to July 31, 2015. Data collected included demographics, information on diet, anthropometric parameters and nutritional indices. The χ 2 test was used to test the difference between proportions of two independent variables. The odd ratio (OR) and confidence intervals at 95% risk of early complementary feeding was given to each factor. Results A total of 381 infants were included. Ten (5.7%) infants were underweight, 13 (7.4%) were stunted and 10 (5.7%) had acute malnutrition. Nutritionally, there were no statistically significant differences between infants with early complementary feeding and those receiving exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months. The profession of the mothers was the only factor statistically associated with the early complementary feeding ( P = 0.0000). Conclusion The nutritional status of infants with early complementary feeding was good. Further research should be conducted in disadvantaged communities to confront these trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the distribution of the number of adipocytes by size classes showed that all sizes were represented in all she-camels studied, but in variable proportions. The variability of the proportions helped to characterize fat from lean animals with the following practical result: the adipocyte profile of fat animals was characterized by the prevailing cells of size classes 87.5, 100, 112.5 and 125 µm, which were highly cor­related. It is thus conceivable that monitoring dynamics of body reserves in camels could be carried out based on any one of these classes. A typology of the animals based on their adipocyte profiles showed high heterogeneity of individuals within the same group. This heterogeneity became less appar­ent toward the end of the trial period, when individuals in a group had been administered the same diet, and when fat and lean adipocyte profiles were better distinguished. The typolo­gies obtained at the beginning and at the end of the experi­ment showed that the animals were grouped differently and thus that there was a high interaction between animal adi­pocyte profiles and diet, confirming a high interaction between the two.

INTRODUCTION: la drépanocytose est une maladie génétique très polymorphe et la moitié des drépanocytaires homozygotes SS en Afrique meurt avant l'âge de 5 ans. Le but de cette étude est de déterminer les paramètres nutritionnels et hématologiques des jeunes drépanocytaires homozygotes (SS) congolais au cours de la phase stationnaire. METHODES: nous avons fait à une étude descriptive comparative de deux groupes de patients dont l'un avec 41 sujets drépanocytaires (SS) d'âge moyen de 39,1mois et l'autre, groupe contrôle, avec 82 patients avec hémoglobine AA et d'âge moyen de 35,0 mois. Nous avons eu recours à un automate ABX Micros 60 pour l'évaluation hématologique. Pour l'évaluation nutritionnel nous avons étudiés le poids, la taille, l'âge ainsi que le sexe. RESULTATS: nous n'avons pas observé de différence significative entre les deux groupes par rapport à l'état nutritionnel (p=0,05). L'hémogramme des homozygotes SS révèle une anémie chronique avec un taux moyen d'Hémoglobine à 8,33 , 1,35g/dL. Cette anémie est normocytaire (VGM=83,86 ,m3), et régénérative (réticulocytes=4,23,4,26%). CONCLUSION: nos résultats rencontrent ce qui est souvent décrit dans le syndrome drépanocytaire majeur sur les homozygotes SS avec haplotype bantu.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of adult malnutrition and associated risk factors in a post-conflict area of northern Uganda.Methods: A cross-sectional community survey was performed from September 2011 to June 2013. All registered residents in Gulu Health and Demographic Surveillance System aged 15 years and older were considered eligible. Trained field assistants collected anthropometric measurements (weight and height) and administered questionnaires with information on sociodemographic characteristics, food security, smoking and alcohol. Nutritional status was classified by body mass index.Results: In total, 2062 men and 2924 women participated and were included in the analyses. The prevalence of underweight was 22.3% for men and 16.0% for women, whereas the prevalence of overweight was 1.5% for men and 7.6% for women. In men, underweight was associated with younger (15-19 years) and older age (>55 years) (P < 0.001), being divorced/separated [odds ratio (OR) = 1.91 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21-2.99] and smoking (OR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.67-2.73). For women, underweight was associated with older age (P < 0.001) and hungry-gap rainy season (May-July) (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.04-1.69). Widowed or divorced/separated women were not more likely to be underweight. No association was found between education, alcohol consumption or food security score and underweight.Conclusions: Our findings are not in line with the conventional target groups in nutritional programmes and highlight the importance of continuous health and nutritional assessments of all population groups that reflect local social determinants and family structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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INTRODUCTION: L'infection par le VIH provoque et/ou aggrave les déficits nutritionnels de l'enfant. Ce travail avait pour objectif d'analyser l'état nutritionnel des enfants infectés par le VIH à Lubumbashi. METHODE: Une étude transversale portant sur 83 enfants âgés de 6 à 60 mois s'est déroulée de mai 2010 à mai 2011 dans trois(3) centres de prise en charge des Personnes Vivant avec le VIH(PVV), notamment le Centre d'Excellence(CE) de l'hôpital Sendwe, le Centre Amo-Congo de la Kenya et le Centre de Référence de la Kenya. Les statistiques descriptives usuelles ont été utilisées. RESULTAT: La prévalence de la malnutrition globale était de 60,2% (n=50) dont 8,4% de malnutrition sévère. Le poids moyen était de 11,6,4,1 kg avec un minimum de 5 kg et un maximum de 22 kg. Le taux d'hémoglobine moyen était d'environ 9,8, 2,0 g/dl avec une prévalence globale de l'anémie (hémoglobine = 11g/dl) à 69,9%. L'émaciation concernait 20,5% des enfants et 8,4% avaient un retard de croissance. Le retard de croissance (p=0,007), l'insuffisance pondérale (p=0,002) et l'émaciation (p=0,046) étaient associés de façon significative à l'état avancé de l'infection à VIH. La survenue de l'anémie n'était pas associée au déficit nutritionnel (p=0,6). CONCLUSION: Ces résultats révèlent que l'infection à VIH modifie l'état nutritionnel des enfants à Lubumbashi avec 60,2% de malnutrition globale et 8,4% de retard de croissance. Les enfants au stade avancé de l'infection à VIH en sont plus affectés.

Résumé L’acidurie mévalonique et le syndrome d’hyperimmunoglobulinémie D (HIDS) sont les deux expressions cliniques du déficit en mévalonate kinase. Peu de cas sont décrits dans le monde et l’état nutritionnel n’a jamais été précisé. Un patient qui avait souffert durant l’enfance de colite néonatale et d’épisodes fébriles récurrents avec rash, sans diagnostic étiologique, était diagnostiqué HIDS à l’âge de 28 ans, suite à un bilan pour arthrite récidivante. Il était adressé en nutrition après un suivi en endocrinologie pour retard staturo-pondéral. Il pesait 41,2 kg pour 1 m49 (indice de masse corporelle [IMC] normal à 18,6) et sa circonférence musculaire brachiale était dans une zone de dénutrition. En impédancemétrie, le volume extracelullaire (VEC) était élevé par rapport au volume intracelullaire (VIC) et l’angle de phase était abaissé, ce qui suggérait une altération cellulaire. Diverses carences vitaminiques et une hypophosphorémie étaient présentes. Des compléments nutritionnels oraux et une supplémentation vitaminique étaient introduits. Un an plus tard, la phosphorémie était améliorée, de même que certaines concentrations sanguines en vitamines mais il nécessitait toujours une supplémentation. On constatait une prise pondérale de 2,7 %, le rapport VEC/VIC et l’angle de phase étaient normalisés. Le déficit en mévalonate kinase est une maladie rare, probablement sous-diagnostiquée, à laquelle il faut savoir penser devant des épisodes fébriles récurrents dans l’enfance. Le cas décrit montre qu’une dénutrition et plusieurs carences sont possibles à l’âge adulte dans cette maladie. Mevalonic aciduria and hyperimmunoglobulin D syndrome (HIDS) are both clinical expressions of mevalonate kinase deficiency. Few cases are described in the world and nutritional status has never been clarified. A patient who previously suffered from neonatal colitis and recurrent fever with rash, without etiological diagnosis, was diagnosed with HIDS at the age of 28, following a record for recurrent arthritis. He was addressed in nutrition after endocrinological following for deficit of growth. He weighed 41.2 kg for 1 m49 height (normal body mass index [BMI] at 18.6), but midarm muscle circumference showed an undernutriution. In bioimpedance analysis, the extra-celullar volume (ECV) was high in relation to intra-celullar volume (ICV) and phase angle was low, suggesting a cellular alteration. Several vitamin deficiencies and hypophosphatemia were present. Oral nutritional supplements and vitamin supplementation were introduced. One year later, serum phosphorus and some vitamins were improved, but the patient still required supplementation. One noted a 2.7 % weight gain, and a normalization of ECV/ICV ratio and phase angle. Mevalonate kinase deficiency is a rare disease probably underdiagnosed, that can be evoked in front of recurrent episodes of fever in childhood. The case described shows that undernutrition and several deficiencies are possible in this disease, even in adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective To examine sex differences in nutritional status in relation to feeding practices over time in a cohort of HIV-exposed children participating in a complementary feeding programme in Rwanda. Methods We applied a longitudinal design with three measurements 2-3 months apart among infants participating in a complementary feeding programme who were 6-12 months old at baseline. Using early feeding practices and a composite infant and child feeding index ( ICFI) as indicators of dietary patterns, we conducted a multivariate analysis using a cross-sectional time series to assess sex differences in nutritional status and to determine whether there was a link to discrepancies in dietary patterns. Results Among 222 boys and 258 girls, the mean (± SD) Z-score of stunting, wasting and underweight was −2.01 (±1.59), −0.15 (±1.46), −1.19 (±1.29) for boys; for girls they were −1.46 (±1.56), 0.22 (±1.29), −0.63 (±1.19); all sex differences in all three indicators were statistically significant ( P < 0.001). However, there were only minor differences in early feeding practices and none in the ICFI by sex. Conclusions HIV-exposed male children may be at higher risk of malnutrition in low-resource setting countries than their female counterparts. However, at least in a setting where complementary foods are being provided, explanations may lie outside the sphere of dietary patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Clinical nutrition and nutritional assessment are often a neglected component of medical school curriculums despite the high prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalized patients. This study found that medical housestaff performed nutritional assessments in only 4% of admitted patients despite a high rate of malnutrition (57%). Survey results show housestaff lack knowledge in the area of malnutrition. Medical schools and training programs must place greater emphasis of providing qualified physician nutrition specialists to implement effective nutrition instruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Children with severe cerebral palsy (CP) often have lower mineral intakes than healthy children. It is unknown if their lower nutrient intakes are adequate to meet their needs. The objective of this study was to examine the sodium, potassium, phosphate, and fluid status of primarily tube-fed nonambulatory children with severe CP. The design consisted of a cross-sectional exploratory study and a clinical trial of sodium supplementation. Nutritional status was determined among primarily tube-fed children (aged 2 to 17 years) with CP based on blood and urine samples, anthropometry, and 3-day food records. Mineral and fluid status was evaluated by a nephrologist blind to nutrient intakes. Twenty children supplied food records, blood samples, and anthropometric measurements, and 16 supplied urine samples. Six (37.5%) of those who provided urine samples were considered possibly dehydrated, as urine osmolality was >600 mmol·kg-1. Six (60%) of the 10 children with satisfactory fluid status (low urine osmolality) were considered to have a possible dietary sodium deficiency based on a very low urine sodium concentration (<20 mmol·L-1). Those considered to have a possible dietary sodium deficiency had a significantly lower sodium intake (48% ± 15% Adequate Intake (AI)) compared with those considered sodium sufficient (73% ± 20% AI) ( p = 0.031). One child was considered possibly phosphorus deficient, but none was assessed as likely potassium deficient. The conclusion was that sodium deficiencies were likely prevalent among the children. The findings from this small observational study suggest that sodium intakes for tube-fed children with CP should be maintained near the AI for their age. Hydration status of children receiving hypercaloric formulas should be monitored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Global Health Promotion is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Summary: Objective: To study nutritional status in children with chronic bronchitis (CB) in relation with lung function. Methods: In this cohort of study, 46 patients aged 6.0 to 17.5 years (mean: 11.9 years) with chronic bronchitis were recruited. None had cystic fibrosis. Body weight, height, skinfold thicknesses, percentage of ideal body weight-for-height (percentage of IBW), body mass index (BMI), BMI Z-score, fat mass and fat-free mass were used to evaluate nutritional status. Arterial blood gases, vital capacity (VC), forced expiratory volume in one s (FEV1), functional residual capacity (FRC) and maximum inspiratory (Pi max) and expiratory (Pe max) pressures at the mouth were used to evaluate respiratory function. Results: Thirteen children (28%) had malnutrition defined as percentage of IBW lower than 90%, with a predominant fat mass depletion. VC (65±13% versus 79±15%; p =0.006) and FEV1 (59±16% versus 69±14%; p =0.03) were significantly lower in children with malnutrition than in children without malnutrition, but no significant differences were observed with regard to the FEV1/VC ratio and blood gases. Pi max (56±11% versus 88±37%, p =0,02) and Pe max (46±12% versus 58±19%, p =0,3) were also lower in children with malnutrition as compared to than without malnutrition. Conclusion: Malnutrition can be observed in children with CB and is associated with significant lower lung function parameters. This could be explained by decrease in respiratory muscle strength. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective To study the overall impact of morbidity on the nutritional status of infants in a rural area of Burkina-Faso. Method A cohort of children ( n = 114) were monitored from age 6 months to 2 years in 30 villages in north-eastern Burkina Faso. Anthropometric measurements and the incidence of illness were recorded at 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 24 months. An overall morbidity score was constructed including the duration of common illnesses and their effect on appetite. Mixed linear regression models were used to analyse the relation between this score and both the weight-for-length (WFL) and the length-for-age (LFA) index. Results After adjustment for potential confounders, the morbidity score at time T was strongly correlated with the WFL index at time T ( P < 0.0001) and weakly correlated with the LFA index at time T + 1 ( P = 0.06). When the morbidity score was divided into classes, at time T the mean WFL z-score for children with a high morbidity score was 0.34 z-scores lower than the one for healthy children ( P < 0.0001); at time T + 1, the difference in the mean LFA z-scores between the same groups was 0.09 z-score ( P = 0.02). However, similar results were obtained using simpler expressions of morbidity. Taken separately, diarrhoea or febrile illness had an effect on WFL (at time T), but only diarrhoea had an effect on LFA (at time T + 1). Conclusion Morbidity was strongly correlated with weight loss in children in the short term and weakly correlated with a slowdown in growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To assess the influence of orphanhood due to AIDS on children’s nutritional status, psychological well-being and life quality, and to explore appropriate intervention strategies in China. Methods In 2005, 186 children aged 8–15 years (93 AIDS orphans and 93 non-orphans) from a rural area of Henan Province were surveyed in a cross-sectional and matched pairs study on nutritional status, psychological health and life quality. Results We found no compelling evidence for poorer nutritional status in orphans. The nutritional status of both orphans and non-orphans was extremely poor according to the prevalence of stunting, underweight, wasting and anaemia. Depression, low self-esteem and lower quality of life were more frequent in orphans. These differences mainly existed in boys’ groups. No significant differences were found between paternal, maternal and double orphans, or orphans in orphanages or extended families. Regression analysis revealed that orphanhood leads to low self-esteem and more depression which contributes to lower quality of life and mediates the association between orphanhood and quality of life. Conclusion The high prevalence of poor nutritional status indicates that basic material needs of children, including AIDS orphans, are not met in rural China. Psychological problems were prominent among orphans and had become the most important contributor of lower life quality. Boys were at least as vulnerable as girls. The living conditions of all children in rural China must be improved; school-based care and support are crucial and would be a cost-effective way to improve the overall life quality of AIDS orphans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To review the current evidence on the role of micronutrient supplementation in HIV transmission and progression. Method Literature review. Results The importance of micronutrients in the prevention and treatment of childhood infections is well known, and evidence is emerging that micronutrient interventions may also affect HIV transmission and progression. Conclusion Interventions to improve micronutrient intake and status could contribute to a reduction in the magnitude and impact of the global HIV epidemic. However, more research is needed before specific recommendations can be made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess changes in dietary intake of adolescents following an 8-week aerobic exercise program. Methods: Twenty-six adolescents (14-18 years) participated in an 8-week aerobic exercise program on cycle ergometer at their high school in Quebec, Canada. Twenty-four hour recalls were collected pre- and post-intervention. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA and paired sample t -tests were used to assess differences in energy and dietary intake parameters (food quantity, diet quality, eating patterns) between pre- and postintervention. Results: A decrease in total daily energy intake (-287.8 kcal, P  = 0.007), in meal size at lunch (-110.1 g, P  = 0.02) and dinner (-143.7 g, P  = 0.03), in food density at breakfast (-1.8 kcal/g, P  = 0.04), in daily carbohydrate intake (-56.1 g, P  = 0.005), and in percentage of energy intake consumed at school (-5.1%, P  = 0.04) were observed following initiation of an aerobic exercise program. No change in healthy eating index scores or percentage of energy from processed foods was observed. Conclusions: Changes in energy intake, food quantity, and eating pattern but not diet quality (Healthy Eating Index or food processing scores) were observed following the initiation of an aerobic exercise program. Nutrition interventions may be needed, in addition to an exercise program, to target diet quality and promote healthy eating habits in adolescents.