152 results on '"Éric Verdeil"'
Search Results
2. La terre et le béton : le projet d’urbanisme considéré sous l’angle du métabolisme territorial
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Mathieu Fernandez, Corinne Blanquart, and Éric Verdeil
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soil ,earth ,buildings ,territorial metabolism ,stock ,Grand Paris metropolis ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
This paper proposes an alternative approach about a stock quantification of matter mobilized by an urban planning project, aiming at improving urban metabolism. Actually, territorial metabolism studies reveal that urbanization processes generate the main mart of material flows produced by territories, in direct extraction or garbage production. The objective of the paper is to present a method permitting to quantify matter flows resulting from the realization of an urban planning project whose privileged form in France is the ZAC – ie concerted planning zone –, considering the time scale of its implementation and its perimeter. Quantification methods are based on data available only at administrative scales – region, department or communes –, exceeding largely urban projects scale. The field analyzed for this paper is an urban renewal project in the Grand Paris metropolis, in Vitry-sur-Seine. Considering ground and built artifacts in the quantification process, the originality of the method consists in producing results concerning masses of earth and concrete mobilized by the project. Then, the results show the centrality of these matters for circular economy politics based, for example, on an increasing circularity of matter in urban environment.
- Published
- 2018
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3. Electrical Hybridizations in Cities of the South: From Heterogeneity to New Conceptualizations of Energy Transition
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Éric Verdeil and Sylvy Jaglin
- Subjects
Urban Studies - Published
- 2023
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4. Governing Hybridized Electricity Systems: The Case of Decentralized Electricity in Lebanon
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Alix Chaplain and Éric Verdeil
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Urban Studies - Published
- 2022
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5. Le sens de l’événement
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Éric Verdeil
- Subjects
Geography, Planning and Development - Published
- 2022
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6. Les villes
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Éric Verdeil and Emmanuel Bellanger
- Published
- 2023
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7. Métabolisme et métropole. La métropole lilloise entre mondialisation et interterritorialité, Sabine Barles, Marc Dumont, Paris, Autrement, 2021, 141 p
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Éric Verdeil
- Subjects
Geography, Planning and Development - Published
- 2022
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8. Instruments et territoires de la gouvernance des déchets au Liban
- Author
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Jihad Farah, Éric Verdeil, Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CERI), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Projet CEDRE n° 37355NF La crise des déchets au Liban: controverses et nouvelles formes de gestion urbaine (2017-2019), and Centre de recherches internationales (CERI)
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Zahle ,municipality ,urbanisme ,Zahlé ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,public-policy instruments ,02 engineering and technology ,infrastructure ,services publics ,municipalités ,services urbains ,urban planning ,12. Responsible consumption ,décentralisation ,public services ,Bikfaya ,11. Sustainability ,050602 political science & public administration ,participation ,Lebanon ,household waste ,Global and Planetary Change ,[SHS.ARCHI]Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management ,Saida ,instruments politique publique ,municipalities ,05 social sciences ,Liban ,decentralisation ,021107 urban & regional planning ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,municipal waste ,0506 political science ,Urban Studies ,déchets ménagers ,urban services ,Saïda ,infrastructures ,instruments public policy ,public service - Abstract
International audience; This article examines the capacity of local authorities to stabilise the governance of municipal waste and the political effects of this transformation of local public policies. The article adopts an analytical framework inspired by the sociology of public policy instruments and follows the policies municipal powers build on the ground to cope with a pressing issue. We are interested in the case of Lebanon because of the ongoing, and still pending trash crisis that resulted in wide protests. We studied three municipalities outside of the capital region, Saida, Zahle and Bikfaya, where different kind of innovative solutions (technologically and/or politically) have been implemented. There, we document the elaboration of the SWM policies regarding contracting, financing, communication, spatial planning, service districting and environment. We also analyse the political effects of the stabilisation of these assemblages of instruments from the perspective of legitimising of local power actors, the building of a territory of local or regional cooperation and the relationships between the local and the central governments. The research relies on press review and local surveys (interviews). Results show that political choices depend upon the kind of local political networks and the degree of emergency that frames the temporality of decision. In doing so, we carefully read the local and local/national political dynamics that allow, constrain or prevent the policy choices. The findings show that policy choices are very strongly dependent upon the kind of local policy networks. Conversely, they also highlight that the institutional frameworks at the local and national scale leaves them wide margins of manover.; Cet article étudie la capacité des autorités locales à stabiliser une gouvernance des déchets et les effets politiques de cette transformation de l’action publique locale. Le cadre analytique s’inscrit dans la sociologie des instruments de politique publique et suit les politiques que les pouvoirs municipaux mettent en place sur le terrain pour faire face à un problème urgent. L’étude porte sur le Liban en raison de la crise des déchets en cours, et toujours en suspens, qui a donné lieu à de vastes protestations. Plus précisément elle porte sur trois municipalités en dehors ou aux marges de la région de la capitale, Saïda, Zahlé et Bikfaya, où différents types de solutions innovantes (technologiquement et/ou politiquement) ont été mises en œuvre. Là, nous documentons l'élaboration des politiques de gestion municipale des déchets solides en étudiant les contrats, le financement, la communication, l'aménagement urbain, les périmètres d’opération et l'environnement. Nous étudions les effets politiques de la stabilisation de ces assemblages d’instruments de gouvernance du point de vue de la légitimation du pouvoir local, de la construction d’un territoire de coopération local ou régional et les relations entre le pouvoir local et le pouvoir central. La recherche s’appuie sur une analyse de la presse et sur des enquêtes par entretiens dans les localités et les instances de définition de ces politiques publiques. Les résultats montrent que les choix politiques dépendent très fortement du type de réseaux politiques locaux, et du degré d’urgence des temporalités de décision.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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9. Instruments and spaces of waste governance in Lebanon
- Author
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Éric Verdeil, Jihad Farah, Centre de recherches internationales (CERI), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Projet CEDRE n° 37355NF La crise des déchets au Liban: controverses et nouvelles formes de gestion urbaine (2017-2019)
- Subjects
Zahle ,urbanisme ,municipality ,Zahlé ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,services publics ,infrastructure ,municipalités ,services urbains ,décentralisation ,Bikfaya ,050602 political science & public administration ,participation ,[SHS.ARCHI]Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management ,Global and Planetary Change ,Saida ,instruments politique publique ,05 social sciences ,Liban ,decentralisation ,021107 urban & regional planning ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,municipal waste ,0506 political science ,Urban Studies ,déchets ménagers ,urban services ,Saïda ,infrastructures ,instruments public policy ,public service - Abstract
Cet article étudie la capacité des autorités locales à stabiliser une gouvernance des déchets et les effets politiques de cette transformation de l’action publique locale. Le cadre analytique s’inscrit dans la sociologie des instruments de politique publique et suit les politiques que les pouvoirs municipaux mettent en place sur le terrain pour faire face à un problème urgent. L’étude porte sur le Liban en raison de la crise des déchets en cours, et toujours en suspens, qui a donné lieu à de vastes protestations. Plus précisément elle porte sur trois municipalités en dehors ou aux marges de la région de la capitale, Saïda, Zahlé et Bikfaya, où différents types de solutions innovantes (technologiquement et/ou politiquement) ont été mises en œuvre. Là, nous documentons l'élaboration des politiques de gestion municipale des déchets solides en étudiant les contrats, le financement, la communication, l'aménagement urbain, les périmètres d’opération et l'environnement. Nous étudions les effets politiques de la stabilisation de ces assemblages d’instruments de gouvernance du point de vue de la légitimation du pouvoir local, de la construction d’un territoire de coopération local ou régional et les relations entre le pouvoir local et le pouvoir central. La recherche s’appuie sur une analyse de la presse et sur des enquêtes par entretiens dans les localités et les instances de définition de ces politiques publiques. Les résultats montrent que les choix politiques dépendent très fortement du type de réseaux politiques locaux, et du degré d’urgence des temporalités de décision. Instruments and spaces of waste governance in Lebanon -- This article examines the capacity of local authorities to stabilise the governance of municipal waste and the political effects of this transformation of local public policies. The article adopts an analytical framework inspired by the sociology of public policy instruments and follows the policies municipal powers build on the ground to cope with a pressing issue. We are interested in the case of Lebanon because of the ongoing, and still pending trash crisis that resulted in wide protests. We studied three municipalities outside of the capital region, Saida, Zahle and Bikfaya, where different kind of innovative solutions (technologically and/or politically) have been implemented. There, we document the elaboration of the SWM policies regarding contracting, financing, communication, spatial planning, service districting and environment. We also analyse the political effects of the stabilisation of these assemblages of instruments from the perspective of legitimising of local power actors, the building of a territory of local or regional cooperation and the relationships between the local and the central governments. The research relies on press review and local surveys (interviews). Results show that political choices depend upon the kind of local political networks and the degree of emergency that frames the temporality of decision. In doing so, we carefully read the local and local/national political dynamics that allow, constrain or prevent the policy choices. The findings show that policy choices are very strongly dependent upon the kind of local policy networks. Conversely, they also highlight that the institutional frameworks at the local and national scale leaves them wide margins of manover.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Hala Bayoumi, Karine Bennafla (dir.), Atlas de l’Egypte contemporaine
- Author
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Éric Verdeil
- Subjects
Urban Studies ,Global and Planetary Change ,Geography, Planning and Development - Published
- 2020
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11. Introduction : circulation des matières, économies de la circularité
- Author
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Romain Garcier, Laurence Rocher, and Éric Verdeil
- Subjects
Économie circulaire ,Développement urbain durable ,Matière ,Tri ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Déchets ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0507 social and economic geography ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,Circulation ,Recyclage ,050703 geography - Abstract
Ce texte d’introduction au dossier de Flux 2017/2 (N° 108) questionne l’émergence de la thématique de la circularité des matières dans les politiques publiques urbaines contemporaines. Les articles ont en commun de porter une attention minutieuse à la matérialité des flux qui traversent et constituent la ville et aux objets sociaux qui la composent. Ils analysent les modalités et les conséquences de leur mise en circulation, ainsi que les régulations et les conflits qui l’accompagnent. Que l’ensemble des articles traite de pratiques et de politiques ancrées dans l’espace de la région de Lyon résulte moins d’une volonté monographique que d’une rencontre en partie fortuite. Mais cela souligne en tout cas l’importance d’une approche toujours attentive aux faits géographiques et aux effets de lieu dans la diversité de leurs échelles. Trois thématiques transversales sont présentes : d’abord, en identifiant de nouvelles ressources, les articles permettent de réfléchir à l’invention et à la construction de nouveaux circuits pour les matières. Ensuite, la régulation de ces circuits implique l’identification de nouveaux acteurs et la mise en place de nouvelles formes de relations avec les producteurs et gestionnaires des matières, formant donc l’espace d’une gouvernance renouvelée. Enfin, si ces circuits se structurent dans un espace qui est celui de la proximité géographique, ils s’inscrivent néanmoins dans une logique relationnelle qui ne cesse de questionner les normes et les échelles. Ce numéro permet ainsi de nuancer et de re-matérialiser les injonctions à faire advenir l’économie circulaire dans les villes. This introduction to the special issue Flux 2017/2 (N° 108) questions the growing political injunction to insert urban objects, waste and material flows into the circular economy. The collected papers focus on the materiality of the waste and objects that populate and constitute the city. In addition, the articles analyse how and with which consequences such materials are put in motion and circulate, with special emphasis on the regulations and conflicts that they bring about. Most of the articles present cases studies from the urban area of Lyon, France. This is more by incident than by design. However, this geographical framing highlights the importance of placing and scaling material issues adequately. Three transversal themes are identified. First, all texts show how the invention of new material and waste resources in cities is generative of new flows and spatial circulations. Second, the regulation of such circulations generally rests on new forms of governance, themselves staked on the identification and empowerment of new actors that come between the producers and the managers of the matter that circulates. Lastly, it appears that these new circuits are mostly to be found in a space defined by geographic and relational proximities. Altogether, the contributions of this special issue help nuance and rematerialize the political calls to circularize the urban economy.
- Published
- 2017
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12. Securitisation of Urban Electricity Supply
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Éric Verdeil
- Subjects
Negotiation ,Mains electricity ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Corporate governance ,Business ,Energy security ,Resizing ,Economic system ,Public good ,Political ecology ,National Grid ,media_common - Abstract
Questions about urban infrastructure, resilience, and violence are central to current urban general literature since infrastructures function as locations of conflict and negotiation over the public good, inclusion and exclusion, and mobility in the city. This chapter develops a theoretical framework to analyse the emergence of new concerns for urban energy security in the cities of Amman (Jordan) and Jbeil and Zahleh (Lebanon). Supplying these cities with electricity requires creating new circuits that are both material and sociopolitical. In Amman, one of the projects proposed for coping with the projected growth of energy demand was to build a nuclear plant in the “desert” close to Amman. This project, now allegedly in the final studies stage, has experienced many episodes and delays. Analysis shows the pressure of urban energy demand and the resizing of metabolic circuits at the level of the metropolis of Amman, while the governance of these circuits remains state-driven despite popular protests. In Jbeil and Zahleh, in the face of regular and long-lasting power cuts, local capitalist actors have taken the lead to provide an alternative electricity supply that replaces both the national grid and informal generators that are in use elsewhere in the country. At first glance, both situations seem very different in scale and in the type of actors involved. But in both cases, these new circuits are heavily contested and redistribute agencies of power in ways that empower some actors but that, at the same time, erode solidarity at the city and the national levels.
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- 2019
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13. The Garbage Crisis
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Éric Verdeil and Jihad Farah
- Subjects
Business ,Computer security ,computer.software_genre ,computer ,Garbage - Published
- 2019
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14. Part 2 – Population and migration
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Éric Verdeil, Mouin Hamzé, and Ghaleb Faour
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education.field_of_study ,Geography ,Population ,education ,Demography - Published
- 2019
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15. Part 7 – Territorial Governance, Urban and National Planning
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Éric Verdeil, Ghaleb Faour, and Mouin Hamzé
- Subjects
Political science ,National planning ,Public administration ,Territorial governance - Published
- 2019
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16. Renouvellement urbain et optimisation du métabolisme : une équation complexe
- Author
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Mathieu Fernandez, Éric Verdeil, Patrick Niérat, Corinne Blanquart, Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), Département Aménagement, Mobilités et Environnement (IFSTTAR/AME), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université de Lyon-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Communauté Université Paris-Est, Systèmes Productifs, Logistique, Organisation des Transports et Travail (IFSTTAR/AME/SPLOTT), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Communauté Université Paris-Est, Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CERI), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre de recherches internationales (CERI)
- Subjects
[SHS.ARCHI]Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management ,matériaux de construction ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0507 social and economic geography ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,13. Climate action ,11. Sustainability ,renouvellement urbain ,050703 geography ,métabolisme ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
Dans le contexte des appels à encourager une transition socio-écologique atténuant les pressions et les prélèvements sur les ressources naturelles et environnementales, les flux de la construction apparaissent comme un levier d’intervention majeur. Jouer sur les formes urbaines, en encourageant la compacité et la densité, apparaît dès lors comme une politique vertueuse, susceptible de réduire la consommation de sols naturels ainsi que les prélèvements matériels. L’article éclaire au contraire une dynamique contradictoire entre les flux de matières qui tendent à devenir majoritaires dans l’extension de l’empreinte de la ville sur son environnement et la doctrine du renouvellement urbain qui vise à limiter l’extension urbaine. Dès lors, il nous semble essentiel de considérer l’impact de scénarios d’aménagement ou de gestion des flux de matériaux de construction eu égard au taux de valorisation, aux émissions en équivalence CO2, mais aussi à la consommation d’espace associé à la gestion de ces flux. Le dispositif méthodologique développé éclaire ainsi l’impact parfois antagoniste d’un même scénario : une attention particulière à la valorisation est ainsi associée à une augmentation des distances et donc des émissions, tandis qu’une ambition de report modal contribue à l’extension urbaine. Urban renewal and metabolism optimisation: A complex equation - In the context of a socio-ecological transition to reduce pressures on natural and environmental resources, construction flows appear to be a major lever of public action. Encouraging compactness and density of urban forms therefore appears as a virtuous policy, likely to reduce the consumption of natural soils and material withdrawals.On the contrary, the article highlights a contradictory dynamic between the materials flows that tend to become the majority in the extension of the city’s footprint on its environment and the urban renewal doctrine that aims to limit urban extension. Therefore, it seems essential to consider the impact of planning scenarios or flows management scenarios with regard to the recovery rate, CO2 emissions, but also to the consumption of space associated with the management of these flows.The methodological framework implemented thus demonstrates the antagonistic impact of the same scenario: a particular attention to the recovery is thus associated with an increase of the distances and thus of the emissions, while an ambition of modal shift contributes to the urban extension.
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- 2019
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17. Le développement de l'énergie solaire en Tunisie : pilotage par les instruments et résistance à la transition énergétique
- Author
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Laurence Rocher, Éric Verdeil, Environnement Ville Société (EVS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Centre de recherches internationales (CERI), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Vincent Baggioni, Céline Burger, Joseph Cacciari, Marie Mangold, Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2), Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CERI), Baggioni, Vincent and Burger, Céline and Cacciari, Joseph and Mangold, Marie, Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
[SHS.ARCHI]Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management ,transition énergétique ,[SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science ,Tunisie ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,énergie solaire - Abstract
[Résumé de l'ouvrage] Cet ouvrage a pour ambition d'interroger les processus de transition énergétique sans céder à une approche normative ou institutionnelle. Le volume s'appuie pour cela sur une approche pluridisciplinaire du thème de la transition énergétique. Il aborde successivement les fondements intellectuels et politiques de l'idée transition énergétique ; la fabrication des instruments économiques et politiques qui lui sont liés ; enfin les dimensions socio-historiques et spatiales de sa mise oeuvre. Cet ouvrage est le résultat d'un long processus de sélection et de réécriture des contributions et d'apports de textes originaux. Ce processus éditorial permet en conclusion d'aboutir à des propositions concrètes qui se veulent utiles pour ré – examiner l'idée de " transition énergétique " comme n'importe quel autre objet des sciences humaines et sociales : par une approche réflexive et socio-historique, loin des passions politiques et des intérêts économiques du présent.
- Published
- 2019
18. State formation in Lebanon and regional geopolitics
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Walid Bakhos and Éric Verdeil
- Subjects
Political economy ,Political science ,Geopolitics ,State formation - Published
- 2019
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19. Power and Energy: Dependency on Hydrocarbon, Pollution and Shortage
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Éric Verdeil
- Subjects
Environmental engineering ,Environmental science ,Economic shortage ,Hydrocarbon pollution ,Energy (signal processing) ,Dependency (project management) ,Power (physics) - Published
- 2019
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20. A Decade of Violence
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Fabrice Balanche and Éric Verdeil
- Published
- 2019
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21. The Integration of Refugees in Lebanon: A Highly Precarious Situation
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Éric Verdeil and Fabrice Balanche
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Economic growth ,Refugee ,Political science - Published
- 2019
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22. A Strong Urbanization Thrust
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Ghaleb Faour and Éric Verdeil
- Subjects
Earth science ,Urbanization ,Thrust ,Geology - Published
- 2019
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23. The Influx of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon
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Fabrice Balanche and Éric Verdeil
- Subjects
Syrian refugees - Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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24. Part 5 Major Environmental Issues
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Ghaleb Faour, Mouin Hamzé, and Éric Verdeil
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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25. Part 4 – Intense Urbanization
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Éric Verdeil, Ghaleb Faour, and Mouin Hamzé
- Subjects
Geography ,Urbanization ,Economic geography - Published
- 2019
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26. International Migration and the Lebanese Diaspora
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Bruno Dewailly and Éric Verdeil
- Subjects
Political science ,Ethnology ,Diaspora - Published
- 2019
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27. Atlas of Lebanon
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Mouin Hamzé, Ghaleb Faour, Éric Verdeil, Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CERI), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherches internationales (CERI), Eric Verdeil, Ghaleb Faour, and Mouin Hamzé
- Subjects
Climate change - planning- urban planning ,[SHS.ARCHI]Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management ,Civil society ,education.field_of_study ,Lebanon - 21st century ,Refugee ,Population ,Refugees in camps ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,Geopolitics ,Natural resource ,[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science ,Diaspora ,public services ,Economy ,Urbanization ,Political science ,cartography ,Lebanon ,Cartography Geography ,education ,Environmental degradation ,Refugees in urban centers - Abstract
International audience; After fifteen years of reconstruction in a relatively peaceful environment spanning the years 1990 to 2004, Lebanon has experienced successive violent political events resulting from complex entangled internal and external struggles. The Syrian crisis and its political, economic and demographic consequences on Lebanon have increased these tensions. This atlas sheds light on these new challenges and adds new data that complete the analyses already published in the Atlas du Liban. Territoires et société (Atlas of Lebanon. Territories and Society) released in 2007 by the same research team. Some of its components are included in this edition. Beyond the international regional crisis and the population movements, it takes into account Lebanon’s socio-economic dimensions, the environmental issues linked to uncontrolled urbanization and to natural risks, as well as conflicts due to local territorial management.This atlas is the result of a collaborative endeavor between French and Lebanese researchers. It uses a geographical approach that puts in the foreground a spatial analysis of social and natural phenomena. Public sources are scarce in Lebanon, especially at the local scale. They are sometimes less reliable and difficult to access. It is particularly the case for the Lebanese census data, conversely data are abundantly available on the refugees population, which is less known than the population of refugees. International data help compare Lebanon to its neighbors. Thematic data produced by some ministries are helpful to provide a detailed view regarding specific domains. Analyses processed on aerial and satellite images have produced essential data on urbanization and environment. Local thematic fieldwork surveys have provided additional data.The book consists of seven chapters. The first one deals with the territorial state-building seen in the light of regional geopolitics, and emphasizes internal violence and the reemergence of militias and armed groups that fight each other and the state army. Lebanon is once again perceived as a territory divided between multiple allegiances. The second chapter is devoted to the analysis of population dynamics, despite the lack of reliable data whose sources are subject to discussion. It includes analyses of internal population flows, the Lebanese diaspora, and the assessment of Syrian refugees’ influx. The third chapter shows the fragility of the Lebanese economic model. Its dependency on foreign investments and on the remittances of the diaspora, as well as the deadlocks of industry and agriculture, which aggravate social imbalances. The fourth chapter is an assessment of urbanization in the country, which has increased by 80% in surface in twenty years at the expense of natural spaces and agriculture. The shore is highly coveted and widely artificialized and damaged. Multiple signs of environmental degradation are examined in chapter five. They seem to announce the global climate change and its local effects. In addition to that, there is a direct link between massive urbanization and many risks, measured and mapped in an increasingly detailed way. Chapter six tackles the dysfunctional public services that exploit natural resources: water and energy supply, both marked by massive shortages, and the management of solid waste hit by a serious crisis. The seventh and last chapter studies the mutations of the local territorial management, which is marked by the retreat of the state, if not its marginalization, and the rise of other actors, notably municipalities, local powers and also civil society organizations.
- Published
- 2019
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28. Disputes over the Maritime Public Domain
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Ghaleb Faour, Éric Verdeil, and Dictaphone Group
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Political science ,Public administration ,Public domain - Published
- 2019
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29. Part 6 Crisis-Striken Public Services
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Ghaleb Faour, Éric Verdeil, and Mouin Hamzé
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- 2019
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30. A Dysfunctional Political System
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Éric Verdeil
- Subjects
Political system ,Political science ,Political economy ,Dysfunctional family - Published
- 2019
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31. Part 3 - An Unbalanced Economy: the Growth of Inequality
- Author
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Mouin Hamzé, Ghaleb Faour, and Éric Verdeil
- Subjects
Macroeconomics ,Inequality ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Economics ,media_common - Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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32. Sources and references
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Ghaleb Faour, Mouin Hamzé, and Éric Verdeil
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Authors and Contributions
- Author
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Ghaleb Faour, Mouin Hamzé, and Éric Verdeil
- Subjects
business.industry ,Medicine ,business - Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. The Population of Lebanon: the Enigma
- Author
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Bruno Dewailly and Éric Verdeil
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,Geography ,Population ,education ,Demography - Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. The Eletricity Crisis
- Author
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Éric Verdeil
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Territorialization of the State: A Contested Process
- Author
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Éric Verdeil and Walid Bakhos
- Subjects
State (polity) ,Process (engineering) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Political science ,Economic system ,media_common - Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Internal Migration and Spatial Change
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Éric Verdeil
- Subjects
Internal migration ,Economic geography ,Spatial change ,Geology - Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Part 1 - Lebanon: A Century of Unrest and Wars
- Author
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Mouin Hamzé, Éric Verdeil, and Ghaleb Faour
- Subjects
Political science ,Economic history ,Unrest - Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Une décennie de violence
- Author
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Fabrice Balanche and Éric Verdeil
- Subjects
violence ,vie politique ,milices ,Liban - Abstract
Apres quinze annees (1991-2005) relativement pacifiques, consacrees a la reconstruction economique a l’ombre de la tutelle syrienne, le pays entre dans un nouveau cycle de violence. Les milices et les groupes armes reapparaissent au grand jour dans certains territoires qu’ils controlent et l’armee libanaise, sur la breche, peine a s’interposer efficacement tout en restant le dernier symbole de l’unite nationale.
- Published
- 2018
40. Le Mont-Liban, la montagne urbanisée
- Author
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Ghaleb Faour, Éric Verdeil, Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CERI), and Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
urbanisation ,Liban ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,Mont-Liban ,[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science - Abstract
Région de forêts et de terrasses agricoles accrochées à ses versants puissants, le gouvernorat du Mont-Liban, région centrale du pays, peuplée aujourd’hui d’environ 2,5 millions d’habitants si l’on compte les réfugiés, est une région de plus en plus urbanisée. À l’urbanisation dense s’ajoute une urbanisation des zones rurales, par gonflement des villages, le long des routes et par mitage des zones agricoles et naturelles, qui indiquent une intégration fonctionnelle avec la région capitale.
- Published
- 2018
41. La crise électrique
- Author
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Éric Verdeil, Centre de recherches internationales (CERI), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eric Verdeil, Ghaleb Faour, Mouin Hamzé, and Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CERI)
- Subjects
secteur électrique ,050210 logistics & transportation ,Philosophy ,0502 economics and business ,05 social sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Liban ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science ,pénurie - Abstract
Le rationnement électrique marque la vie des Libanais depuis la guerre civile et marque l’incapacité de l’État à répondre aux besoins de la population dans ce domaine. Alors que la demande ne cesse d’augmenter, malgré de profondes inégalités dans l’accès à l’électricité, les gouvernements successifs n’ont pu réorganiser un secteur mal géré et maintenir la capacité de production, qui devrait au contraire augmenter. La population dépend largement des générateurs, alors que les chauffe‑eau solaires et les panneaux photovoltaïques font une timide percée.
- Published
- 2018
42. Un système politique à bout de souffle
- Author
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Éric Verdeil, Centre de recherches internationales (CERI), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eric Verdeil, Ghaleb Faour, Mouin Hamzé, and Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CERI)
- Subjects
vie politique ,Liban ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,16. Peace & justice ,[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science - Abstract
Les accords de Taëf (1989) ont réformé le système politique en introduisant un nouvel équilibre des pouvoirs qui s’est déployé, à l’ombre de la présence syrienne, pendant les années 1990. Mais depuis 2005, les tensions régionales et leurs répercussions internes provoquent de nombreux blocages du système décisionnel qui empêchent ou retardent tant les élections présidentielles que les législatives. Le vide politique qui s’installe aggrave les lacunes d’un régime confessionnel mais aussi clanique et étroitement lié aux milieux des affaires.
- Published
- 2018
43. L’énigme de la population au Liban
- Author
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Bruno Dewailly and Éric Verdeil
- Subjects
Geography ,Liban ,population - Abstract
De toutes les incertitudes qui entourent les statistiques au Liban, celle qui touche à la population libanaise est assurément l’une des plus sensibles et constitue pour cet atlas un véritable défi. Alors qu’aucun recensement n’a été organisé depuis 1932, l’état‑civil est le plus souvent tenu dans la localité d’origine des individus, sans rapport avec leur résidence actuelle au Liban ou à l’étranger. Le dernier dénombrement des immeubles et établissements date de 2004, et d’autres enquêtes par sondage sur cette base ont été menées en 2007 et en 2009, qui ont permis à l’administration des statistiques de proposer une évaluation de la population résidente au Liban par mohafazat (uniquement en pourcentage en 2009). Ces chiffres montrent une décroissance surprenante de 1997 à 2004, puis une stagnation. Ils ont été critiqués pour leur opacité. Deux points restent obscurs...
- Published
- 2018
44. L’insertion des réfugiés au Liban : une grande précarité
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Fabrice Balanche and Éric Verdeil
- Subjects
Liban ,réfugiés ,précarité - Abstract
Qu’il s’agisse des conditions de logement, de l’accès à l’emploi ou de la scolarisation, l’insertion des réfugiés syriens s’effectue dans une grande précarité et se traduit par une paupérisation massive, alors même que tout indique que leur présence au Liban va s’inscrire dans la durée. La politique d’accueil du gouvernement libanais, généreuse à l’origine, se durcit à mesure que l’impact pour les Libanais devient plus lourd. L’aide internationale, massive, tend toutefois à se réduire et l’avenir est lourd d’incertitudes.
- Published
- 2018
45. La terre et le béton : le projet d’urbanisme considéré sous l’angle du métabolisme territorial
- Author
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Corinne Blanquart, Éric Verdeil, Mathieu Fernandez, Systèmes Productifs, Logistique, Organisation des Transports et Travail (IFSTTAR/AME/SPLOTT), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Communauté Université Paris-Est, Centre de recherches internationales (CERI), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CERI)
- Subjects
métabolisme territorial ,Social Sciences and Humanities ,sol ,020209 energy ,02 engineering and technology ,earth ,urban planning project ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,projet d’urbanisme ,territorial metabolism ,soil ,Vitry-sur-Seine ,Grand Paris metropolis ,stock ,11. Sustainability ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,GE1-350 ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,[SHS.ARCHI]Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management ,concerted planning zone ,métropole du Grand Paris ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,terre ,buildings ,Environmental sciences ,concret ,ZAC ,concrete ,Sciences Humaines et Sociales ,projet d'urbanisme ,béton ,bâti - Abstract
Cet article propose une démarche alternative de quantification en stock de la matière mobilisée par un projet d’urbanisme, dans une finalité d’amélioration du métabolisme urbain. Les études de métabolisme territorial mettent en effet l’accent sur les processus d’urbanisation qui représentent la majeure partie des flux de matières solides opérés dans les territoires en termes d’extractions directes et de production de déchets. Ici, l’objectif est de présenter une méthode quantifiant les flux liés à la réalisation d’un projet d’urbanisme – sous la forme juridique d’une zone d’aménagement concertée, outil privilégié d’urbanisme en France –, à l’échelle de son périmètre et pour sa période de mise en oeuvre. Les méthodes de quantification existantes se basent sur des informations disponibles seulement à des échelles administratives – régions, départements voire communes –, dépassant largement celle des projets d’urbanisme. Le terrain d’étude de l’article est un projet de renouvellement urbain de la métropole du Grand Paris, à Vitry-sur-Seine. En prenant en compte le sol et les artefacts bâtis dans le processus de quantification, l’originalité de la méthode consiste à obtenir des résultats sur les masses de terre et de béton mobilisés par le projet. Les résultats mettent en évidence la prédominance de ces deux matières pour des politiques visant, par exemple, à augmenter la circularité des matières en milieu urbain., This paper proposes an alternative approach about a stock quantification of matter mobilized by an urban planning project, aiming at improving urban metabolism. Actually, territorial metabolism studies reveal that urbanization processes generate the main mart of material flows produced by territories, in direct extraction or garbage production. The objective of the paper is to present a method permitting to quantify matter flows resulting from the realization of an urban planning project whose privileged form in France is the ZAC – ie concerted planning zone –, considering the time scale of its implementation and its perimeter. Quantification methods are based on data available only at administrative scales – region, department or communes –, exceeding largely urban projects scale. The field analyzed for this paper is an urban renewal project in the Grand Paris metropolis, in Vitry-sur-Seine. Considering ground and built artifacts in the quantification process, the originality of the method consists in producing results concerning masses of earth and concrete mobilized by the project. Then, the results show the centrality of these matters for circular economy politics based, for example, on an increasing circularity of matter in urban environment.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Énergie : entre dépendance aux hydrocarbures, pollution et pénurie
- Author
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Éric Verdeil, Centre de recherches internationales (CERI), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eric Verdeil, Ghaleb Faour, Mouin Hamzé, and Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CERI)
- Subjects
13. Climate action ,Liban ,pollution ,14. Life underwater ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,hydrocarbures ,énergies ,[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science ,pénurie - Abstract
Aujourd’hui dans l’attente du début de l’exploration des potentiels gisements pétroliers et surtout gaziers de sa zone économique exclusive maritime, le Liban reste un pays fortement dépendant des importations d’hydrocarbures, qui représentent 95% de son énergie primaire. Son potentiel en énergie renouvelable est limité et sous-exploité, notamment dans le secteur de l’hydroélectricité et, malgré son démarrage récent, dans celui du solaire. L’éolien est encore à l’état de plans. Cette dépendance aux hydrocarbures est accentuée par une hausse régulière et forte de la consommation, responsable de pollutions nombreuses. La pénurie d’électricité constitue un problème majeur et récurrent.
- Published
- 2018
47. Controverses sur le domaine public maritime
- Author
-
Ghaleb Faour, Éric Verdeil, Dictaphone Group, Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CERI), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eric Verdeil, Ghaleb Faour, and Mouin Hamzé
- Subjects
urbanisation ,Liban ,domaine public maritime ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science - Abstract
L’urbanisation se concentre dans la zone littorale et plus particulièrement sur la ligne de côte : le domaine public maritime est intensément exploité et cela, de manière souvent illégale ou du moins contraire aux principes généraux qui le régissent. Cette occupation est précisément documentée par les services de l’État, même si elle est tolérée et parfois facilitée. Ces pratiques sont aujourd’hui de plus en plus controversées et combattues par des acteurs civils qui s’opposent à l’accaparement de l’espace public, aux dégradations environnementales et à la spéculation financière qui les guident.
- Published
- 2018
48. La crise des déchets
- Author
-
Jihad Farah and Éric Verdeil
- Subjects
Liban ,services publics ,inégalités territoriales ,déchets - Abstract
La crise du ramassage et de l’elimination des dechets dans le Grand Beyrouth, durant l’ete 2015, et les mobilisations populaires qu’elle a suscitees, sont un symbole supplementaire de la faillite de l’Etat a gerer les services publics de maniere efficace mais aussi un revelateur d’inegalites territoriales. Si le secteur des dechets pose de nombreux problemes partout au Liban, les collectivites locales s’en emparent de maniere inegale et parfois plus satisfaisante que dans la capitale.
- Published
- 2018
49. The Spatialities of Energy Transition Processes
- Author
-
Alain Nadaï, Antoine Fontaine, Éric Verdeil, Olivier Labussiere, and Vincent Banos
- Subjects
Architectural engineering ,Computer science ,Energy (esotericism) ,Energy resources ,05 social sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0507 social and economic geography ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,Space (commercial competition) ,Energy transition ,Electrical grid ,Work (electrical) ,Production (economics) ,Assemblage (archaeology) ,050703 geography - Abstract
This chapter explores the role of spatiality and how it is constructed in energy transition processes. Space is part of different operations for channelling, assessing and controlling material flows to turn them into energy resources and ensure a predictable production. The chapter proposes the idea of a ‘politics of volumes’ to describe how an energy volume is calculated, delineated and controlled, how sharing it and living together within it is made possible, and how it is (re)configured when being connected to a pre-existing large socio-technical assemblage (such as an electrical grid). These explorations offer new insights about the strategic combinations of energy and non-energy volumes, the influence of social and spatial heritage in the making of energy volumes and the power relationships at work.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Planning Histories in the Arab World
- Author
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Joe Nasr, Éric Verdeil, Centre de recherches internationales (CERI), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Studies in Food Security, Ryerson University, Carola Hein, and Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CERI)
- Subjects
[SHS.ARCHI]Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management ,Arab world ,Socialist mode of production ,World history ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,Modernization theory ,State-building ,[SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science ,Scholarship ,Urban history ,Politics ,urban history ,Political economy ,Political science ,11. Sustainability ,cities ,planning history ,[SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History ,Urbanism - Abstract
Do not hesitate to request a PDF copy of the chapter; International audience; Over the past century and a half, most accounts of cities of the Arab world have viewed them through the lens of an organically built urban fabric, understood as an Islamic heritage, an expression of a collective and religious ethos (Bianca 2000). Planning, as a professionally conceived endeavor aiming at structuring changes in cities, was perceived as almost nonexistent in this world region. When scholars have attempted to circumvent the narrative of chaos that imbued urban history here as in much of the developing world, they have usually highlighted external political and economic determinations, and pointed out the divergent pathways of Arab cities between (neo)colonialism, socialism, aid-dependency, or the oil economy rather than specific urban management styles (Abu-Lughod 1984).However, recent scholarship (primarily in French and English, as relevant work in Arabic is relatively sparse), based on case-studies dealing mostly with the principal cities in the region, has shown that extensive planning over many decades has marked cities across the Arab world, from cutting arteries through existing built fabric to laying out infrastructure and neighborhoods at the urban edge. This scholarship has identified some unifying trends, including the model of spectacular urbanism that emerged from the Gulf region thanks to the circuits of oil money and the rise of a new political order, spreading to the rest of the region and beyond (Elsheshtawy 2008). Drawing on this historiography, this chapter proposes five threads that posit planning as a central, but contested, practice in the making of Arab cities, without oversimplifying the Arab world as a monolithic geographical entity.1) Planning, state building, and elite affirmation. Planning has long been recognized as a tool of power, helping to build new states—from colonial entities to post-independence countries (Sanyal 2005). In the Arab world as elsewhere, ancient and new elites, both local and national, have used it as a way to secure or reinforce their grip on institutions and assets.2) Tension between modernization and preservation. Planning has always struggled to maintain features of the existing urban environment. In the Arab region, it has long been challenged by how it can strengthen continuities in urban settlements and help these settlements to “move beyond the narrative of loss” (Elsheshtawy 2004: 1) towards becoming “modern.”3) A connected and networked history. New scholarly accounts have recently challenged a global history often focused on north/south, east/west divides and the bounded circulations they created. A more networked approach is now providing a wider understanding of cities in the Arab region, where planning is not simply a predefined Western project imposed on or replicated in foreign spaces, but rather a set of circulating ideas and practices, constantly negotiated by local agents. Such connections and networks reflect shifting financial and political power along with shifting paradigms and directions of circulations—thus also challenging assumptions of center/periphery (Nasr and Volait 2003).4) Planning cultures and roles of “planners.” In the Arab world as in other regions, native professionals too often remain under-recognized as local actors engaging in planning. Although most of these practitioners are not trained as planners, they act as such on the ground in ways that deserve to be part of planning history.5) Planning and ordinary citizens. At the same time, the Arab world can challenge or even deconstruct the traditional idea of planning as a state-controlled effort to organize space. This effort is caught between, on one side, the varying strengths of private actors influencing public affairs in order to advance their claims and interests, and, on the other side, inhabitants’ and communities’ initiatives resisting, bypassing, or otherwise negotiating planning regulations and policies, questioning how standardized approaches (most coming from the West or the Gulf) are adapted to their needs and specific circumstances.These threads are interwoven across a history that can be divided into three periods, separated by two transitions, although these shifts defy any simple temporal boundaries, reflecting the diverse political settings and histories of the 22 countries currently recognized by the Arab League. The transition from colonization to independence is a first turning moment, beginning in 1922 in Egypt and finishing in 1971 in the United Arab Emirates. Second, the rise of neoliberal policies and practices, from the mid-1970s to the 1990s, opened an era that is continuing today.
- Published
- 2017
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