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Sheep meat presents variations in qualitative characteristics that influence consumer preference. These characteristics are influenced by ante-mortem factors, such as sex, breed, age at slaughter and feeding; and post-mortem factors, such as meat cooling and storage time and temperature. Twenty-four uncastrated Suffolk lambs were housed in individual corrals and received one of four treatments consisting of four levels of replacement of sorghum silage with wet brewery waste (WBW; 0; 33; 66 and 100% replacement). The diets were isoproteic and contained 18.8% crude protein. The weight and fat proportion in the carcass increased linearly (p≤0.05) while the muscle proportion decreased linearly (p≤0.05) as the WBW levels were increased in the diets. The proximate composition of the meat was not significantly influenced by the WBW levels (P>0.05), except for the ash content which increased linearly (p=0.0003). There was no influence (p>0.05) of the use of WBW on pH, cooking losses and lambs? meat texture profile. Shear force decreased linearly (p≤0.05). Regarding the meat color, lightness (L*) and redness (a*) were not influenced by the inclusion of WBW. Yellowness (b*) increased linearly (p=0.0038). Regarding the attributes related to lambs? sensory analysis, there was no effect (p> 0.05) of the inclusion of WBW in the diets. The use of WBW as bulky food replacing sorghum silage in confined feedlot lambs diet allows the main physical-chemical characteristics related to meat quality to be kept in the normal standards obtained for ovine species. Keywords: Alternative food; Lamb meat; Ruminants; Agro-industry by-products. Propriedades físico-químicas e avaliação sensorial da carne de cordeiros confinados alimentados com resíduo úmido de cervejaria Resumo A carne ovina apresenta variações nas características qualitativas que influenciam na preferência dos consumidores. Essas características são influenciadas por fatores ante mortem, como sexo, raça, idade de abate e alimentação; e fatores post mortem, como tempo e temperatura de resfriamento e armazenamento da carne. Vinte e quatro cordeiros machos Suffolk não castrados foram alojados em currais individuais e receberam um dos quatro tratamentos constituídos por quatro níveis de substituição da silagem de sorgo por resíduo úmido de cervejaria (RUC; 0; 33; 66 e 100% de substituição). As dietas foram isoproteicas e continham 18,8% de proteína bruta. Em relação a carcaça, o peso e a proporção de gordura aumentaram linearmente (p≤0.05) enquanto a proporção muscular diminuiu linearmente (p≤0.05) conforme o incremento de RUC na dieta. A composição química da carne dos cordeiros não foi influenciada pelos níveis de RUC (p>0.05), exceto para o teor de cinzas que apresentou um comportamento linear crescente (p=0.0003). Não houve influência (p>0.05) do uso de RUC sobre o pH, perdas por cozimento e perfil de textura da carne de cordeiros. A força de cisalhamento diminuiu linearmente (p≤0.05). Em relação à cor da carne, a luminosidade (L*) e intensidade de vermelho (a*) não foram influenciadas pela inclusão de RUC. Intensidade de amarelo (b*) aumentou linearmente (p=0.0038). Em relação aos atributos relacionados à análise sensorial da carne dos cordeiros, não houve efeito (p>0.05) da inclusão do RUC nas dietas. A utilização do RUC como alimento volumoso em substituição à silagem de sorgo na dieta de ovinos permite que as principais características físico-químicas relacionadas à qualidade da carne sejam mantidas nos padrões de normalidade obtidos para cordeiros. Palavras-chave: Alimentos alternativos; Carne de cordeiro; Ruminantes; Subprodutos da agroindústria. Propiedades fisicoquímicas y evaluación sensorial de la carne de corderos de corral alimentados con granos húmedos de cerveza Resumen La carne ovina presenta variaciones en las características cualitativas que influyen en la preferencia del consumidor. Estas características están influenciadas por factores ante-mortem, como el sexo, la raza, la edad de faena y la alimentación; y factores post mortem, como el tiempo y temperatura de enfriamiento y almacenamiento de la carne. Veinticuatro corderos Suffolk machos no castrados se alojaron en corrales individuales y recibieron uno de cuatro tratamientos que consistían en cuatro niveles de reemplazo de ensilaje de sorgo con residuos húmedos de cervecería (RHC; 0; 33; 66 y 100% de reemplazo). Las dietas fueron isoproteicas y contenían 18,8% de proteína cruda. Con relación a la canal, el peso y la proporción de grasa aumentaron linealmente (p≤0,05) mientras que la proporción muscular disminuyó linealmente (p≤0,05) conforme aumentó la RHC en la dieta. La composición química de la carne de cordero no fue influenciada por los niveles de RHC (p>0.05), excepto por el contenido de cenizas, que mostró un comportamiento lineal creciente (p=0.0003). No hubo influencia (p>0.05) del uso de RHC sobre el pH, las pérdidas por cocción y el perfil de textura de la carne de cordero. La fuerza de cizallamiento disminuyó linealmente (p≤0.05). En cuanto al color de la carne, la luminosidad (L*) y la intensidad del rojo (a*) no se vieron influenciadas por la inclusión de RHC. La intensidad del amarillo (b*) aumentó linealmente (p=0.0038). En cuanto a los atributos relacionados con el análisis sensorial de la carne de cordero, no hubo efecto (p>0.05) de la inclusión de RHC en las dietas. El uso de RHC como forraje para reemplazar el ensilaje de sorgo en la dieta de los ovinos permite mantener las principales características fisicoquímicas relacionadas con la calidad de la carne en los estándares de normalidad obtenidos para los corderos. Palabras clave: Alimentos alternativos; Carne de cordero; Rumiantes; Subproductos agroindustriale Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-19T15:12:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Physicochemical-properties-and-sensory-evaluation-of-meat-from-feedlot-lambs-fed-2022.pdf: 138063 bytes, checksum: 062888d317855d61857d55c6dd0ee1a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

The aim of the study was to encapsulate the phenolic extract of the olive leaf by using gelatin and tragacanth gum as wall materials, followed by complex coacervation or lyophilization. The extract was applied in sheep meat hamburger, in order to reduce oxidative degradation. The gelatin and gelatin/tragacanth matrices showed higher values of encapsulation efficiency and antioxidant activity than the matrix with only tragacanth, independent of the encapsulation technique used. The encapsulation was confirmed through DSC and FTIR analyses, and the particles obtained presented an irregular shape. The application of the particles in hamburger demonstrated that the particles of gelatin and gelatin/tragacanth showed greater capacity to reduce oxidative reactions than those of tragacanth, they provided the highest percentages of phenolic compounds release in the first two months of storage. These particles proved to have higher antioxidant efficiency than sodium erythorbate; however, vitamin C showed the highest antioxidant capacity.

The development of air-dried cured sheep meat products represents an interesting option to add value to the meat of adult animals. In this context, the aim of the present study was to evaluate consumer sensory and hedonic perception of sheep meat coppa, an innovative product. Four sheep meat coppa samples were formulated by varying smoking (smoked vs. non-smoked) and salt content (4.5% vs. 3.4%), and compared with two commercial samples of regular pork meat coppa. Samples were evaluated under blind or informed conditions by 202 consumers, who had to rate their liking and to answer a check-all-that-apply question. Sheep and pork meat coppa samples did not largely differ in their overall liking in both experimental conditions. Smoking and high salt content significantly increased consumers' hedonic perception of sheep meat coppa. The information included in the labels did not modify consumer hedonic perception but influenced their sensory description, particularly for the terms related to the type of meat used in their manufacture. Results indicate positive market opportunities for sheep meat coppa in the Brazilian market.

The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from mutton carcasses after slaughter. The study also evaluated the activity of bacteriocin-like substances (BLS) for control of Listeria monocytogenes in fresh mutton sausage. The cell-free supernatant (CFS) was obtained and its antimicrobial activity was quantified. The presence of genes encoding enterocin was evaluated by molecular techniques. Another aspect assessed was the action in situ of BLS produced by these isolates for control of Listeria monocytogenes in fresh mutton sausage, experimentally contaminated. Six isolates presented phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of safety. Also, the antibacterial peptides present in the CFS showed stability at different temperatures, pH, NaCl and cure salt concentrations, as well as potential against L. monocytogenes Scott A. The isolate identified as Enterococcus faecium EO1 showed gene coding for the production of enterocin A and produced bacteriocin after 6 h of growth (400 AU. mL−1). Based on this, the CFS of EO1 (5 and 10%) was applied in fresh mutton sausage, being significantly effective for control of L. monocytogenes during 21 days of refrigerated storage (4.07 log CFU. g−1). Therefore, the potential for preservation of food has been demonstrated through the use of CFS containing bacteriocin-like substances from E. faecium EO1 in fresh mutton sausage.

Meat is an end-of-life by-product from cows that fail to reproduce. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine breed additive and heterosis effects on carcass traits and characteristics of the meat from beef cows raised in southern Brazil. Angus (A), Hereford (H), Nelore (N), A × H (AH), H × A (HA), A × N (AN), N × A (NA) and Caracu (C) × A (CA) cows were slaughtered when they did not become pregnant for a second season. Slaughter weight (SW), hot carcass weight (CW), carcass yield (CY), ribeye area (REA), pH value, water holding capacity (WHC), tenderness (MT), moisture (MM), ether extract (EE), carcass fat score (CFS), marbling score (MS), subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) and L*, a* and b* measures of color of the fat and meat color were evaluated. Taurine x taurine heterosis effects increased SW and to a lesser degree CW, and improved MT. Taurine x indicine heterosis increased REA, a* and b*, and decreased L* and EE. Direct breed additive effects attributable to A increased SW but decreased CY and thus had no detectable effect on CW. Direct breed additive effects of C decreased CFS, SFT, CY and MM. Finally, direct breed additive effects of H and C similarly decreased CFS and SFT. Maternal breed additive effects were generally unremarkable except for slight effects of H reducing a* and b*. Thus, SW and MT may be increased by crossbreeding with taurine breeds, while CY and REA can be increased by using zebu-influenced cattle. The desirable carcass composition of CA cows and their MT and color comparable to taurine crossbred cows make this crossbred cow a viable alternative for producers in southern Brazil.

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the influence of two evoked consumption contexts on consumers’ intention to purchase lamb meat cuts using rating-based conjoint analysis. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the evoked consumption contexts: a celebratory lunch with family over the weekend (n = 157), and a dinner at home after a day’s work (n = 171). Rating-based conjoint analysis was used to evaluate the influence of four independent variables on consumers’ intention to purchase lamb meat in each of the two evoked consumption contexts: type of cut, presentation, seasoning and price. Intention to purchase scores were significantly affected by the evoked context. Consumers were more willing to purchase lamb meat when the celebratory weekend lunch context was considered, compared to the weekday dinner. In the two contexts, price was the most important variable affecting willingness to purchase lamb meat, followed by type of cut. However, at the aggregate level the utility values were similar for the two contexts: consumers expressed higher intention to purchase for leg cuts without seasoning at the highest price. In the two contexts different consumer segments were identified, which gave different relative importance to the variables included in the conjoint task. However, conclusions regarding consumers’ segmentation were affected by evoked consumption context. The findings suggest that evoked consumption contexts influence results from conjoint analysis, which suggests that they may be an interesting methodological alternative to increase the validity of conjoint tasks.

Listeria monocytogenes is of notable concern to the food industry, due to its ubiquitous nature and ability to grow in adverse conditions. This study aimed to determine the genotypic profile of L. monocytogenes strains isolated from refrigerated chickens marketed in the southern part of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The strains of L. monocytogenes isolated were characterized by serotyping and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). Three different serotypes (1/2a, 1/2b and 4e) were evaluated by PFGE, and the macrorestriction patterns utilizing enzymes AscI and ApaI, revealed five different pulsotypes. The presence of such varied genotypic profiles demonstrates the prevalence of L. monocytogenes contamination of chicken processing environments, which combined with ineffective cleaning procedures, allowing the survival, adaptation and proliferation of these pathogens, not only in the processing environment, but also in local grocery stores. RESUMO: Listeria monocytogenes é uma notável preocupação para a indústria de alimentos, devido à sua natureza ubíqua e a capacidade de se multiplicar em condições adversas. Este estudo objetivou determinar o perfil genotípico de L. monocytogenes isolada a partir de frangos refrigerados comercializados na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. As cepas de L. monocytogenes foram selecionadas e caracterizadas por sorotipagem e Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado (PFGE). Três sorotipos diferentes (1/2a, 1/2b e 4e) foram avaliados por PFGE, e a combinação dos padrões de macrorestrição utilizando as enzimas AscI e ApaI revelou cinco diferentes pulsotipos. A presença de diferentes perfis genotípicos demonstra a importância da contaminação no ambiente de processamento de frangos, o qual, juntamente com procedimentos de limpeza ineficazes, permitem a sobrevivência, adaptação e proliferação desses patógenos, não somente no ambiente de processamento, mas também no local de comercialização destes produtos.

The development of high-quality air-dried cured sheep meat products adapted to meet consumer demands represent an interesting option to add value to the meat of adult animals. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of process parameters on consumer choice of two products from sheep meat under different evoked contexts, considering product concepts. A total of 375 Brazilian participants completed a choice-based conjoint task with three 2-level variables for each product: maturation time, smoking, and sodium reduction for dry-cured sheep ham, and natural antioxidant, smoking, and sodium reduction for sheep meat coppa. A between-subjects experimental design was used to evaluate the influence of consumption context on consumer choices. All the process parameters significantly influenced consumer choice. However, their relative importance was affected by evoked context.

The present study was conducted to assess carcass features, physicochemical and sensory parameters of meat from steers finished on three types of pastures: natural pasture; natural pasture improved, fertilized and oversown with winter species; and annual summer grassland. The experiment was conducted from December 14, 2009 to November 30, 2010, with treatments distributed in a completely randomized design with a different number of replicates. Animals were used as experimental units. Experimental animals were Aberdeen Angus steers with twenty months of initial age and 354±27.4 kg of live weight, on average. The highest average daily gains were obtained for the annual summer grassland. There was no effect of treatments on carcass conformation. The highest carcass yield was obtained on the improved natural pasture. Forequarter yield, side cut yield and longissimus muscle area were similar between the pastures. Moisture and total lipids were not affected by the pasture. Thawing and cooking losses were higher in improved natural pasture and lower in sorghum pasture. Regardless of the treatment, the meat had luminosity ranging from intermediate to dark, high in red, high in yellow, and considered within the normal range for beef. Meat of higher shear force was found in natural pasture, and lower shear force was observed in meat from annual summer grassland. Average live weight daily gain explained 18% of the shear force. Sensory evaluation by duo-trio test showed differences between samples from distinct pastures in flavor. All the studied systems allow for desirable characteristics in carcass and meat.

Listeria monocytogenes é uma bactéria patogênica que se tornou um grande desafio para as indústrias de alimentos, entre elas a de frangos, assim como para os órgãos de vigilância sanitária. Apesar da produção de frangos estar em expansão na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul, não há relatos sobre esse patógeno, dessa forma, objetivou-se avaliar a prevalência de L. monocytogenes e de seus sorotipos nos diversos segmentos dessa cadeia produtiva. Nos aviários isolou-se L. monocytogenes em 2,9% (1/35) das amostras de swabs cloacais, não se isolando o microrganismo em amostras provenientes das camas de aviários. No abatedouro, 11,7% (15/128) das amostras apresentaram contaminação por L. monocytogenes e nos frangos resfriados procedentes do comércio, a prevalência foi de 33,3% (15/45).Observou-se que 51,6% (16/31) das cepas de L. monocytogenes pertenciam ao sorotipo 1/2b; 22,5% (7/31) ao sorotipo 4e; 16,1% (5/31) ao sorotipo 1/2a; 6,4% (2/31) ao sorotipo 4b; e 3,2% (1/31) ao sorotipo 1/2c. Há disseminação de L. monocytogenes na cadeia produtiva de frangos da região sul do Rio Grande do Sul e a presença de sorotipos prevalentes em casos/surtos de listeriose traz preocupação à saúde pública.Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogenic bacterium which has become a huge challenge to the food industries, including the poultry industry, and to the health surveillance agencies. Although poultry production is in expansion in southern of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, there are not reports about this pathogen thus this study aimed at assessing the prevalence of L monocytogenes and its serotypes in the several segments of this productive chain. In the broilers flocks L. monocytogenes were isolated in 2.9% (1/35) from cloacal swabs samples. This microorganism was not isolated from broiler houses samples. In the abattoir, 11% of the samples presented L. monocytogenes contamination, and in the chilled chicken from retailers its prevalence was 33.3% (15/45). It was observed that 51.6% (16/31) from L. monocytogenes strains belonged to serotype 1/2b, 22.5% (7/31) to serotype 4e, 16,1% (5/31) to serotype 1/2a, 6,4% (2/31) to serotype 4b, and 3,2% (1/31) to serotype 1/2c. The spread of L. monocytogenes in the poultry production chain in southern Rio Grande do Sul and the presence of poultry serotypes in cases/outbreaks of listeriosis cause concern to public health.

Listeria monocytogenes é uma bactéria patogênica que se tornou um grande desafio para as indústrias de alimentos, entre elas a de frangos, assim como para os órgãos de vigilância sanitária. Apesar da produção de frangos estar em expansão na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul, não há relatos sobre esse patógeno, dessa forma, objetivou-se avaliar a prevalência de L. monocytogenes e de seus sorotipos nos diversos segmentos dessa cadeia produtiva. Nos aviários isolou-se L. monocytogenes em 2,9% (1/35) das amostras de swabs cloacais, não se isolando o microrganismo em amostras provenientes das camas de aviários. No abatedouro, 11,7% (15/128) das amostras apresentaram contaminação por L. monocytogenes e nos frangos resfriados procedentes do comércio, a prevalência foi de 33,3% (15/45).Observou-se que 51,6% (16/31) das cepas de L. monocytogenes pertenciam ao sorotipo 1/2b; 22,5% (7/31) ao sorotipo 4e; 16,1% (5/31) ao sorotipo 1/2a; 6,4% (2/31) ao sorotipo 4b; e 3,2% (1/31) ao sorotipo 1/2c. Há disseminação de L. monocytogenes na cadeia produtiva de frangos da região sul do Rio Grande do Sul e a presença de sorotipos prevalentes em casos/surtos de listeriose traz preocupação à saúde pública. Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogenic bacterium which has become a huge challenge to the food industries, including the poultry industry, and to the health surveillance agencies. Although poultry production is in expansion in southern of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, there are not reports about this pathogen thus this study aimed at assessing the prevalence of L monocytogenes and its serotypes in the several segments of this productive chain. In the broilers flocks L. monocytogenes were isolated in 2.9% (1/35) from cloacal swabs samples. This microorganism was not isolated from broiler houses samples. In the abattoir, 11% of the samples presented L. monocytogenes contamination, and in the chilled chicken from retailers its prevalence was 33.3% (15/45). It was observed that 51.6% (16/31) from L. monocytogenes strains belonged to serotype 1/2b, 22.5% (7/31) to serotype 4e, 16,1% (5/31) to serotype 1/2a, 6,4% (2/31) to serotype 4b, and 3,2% (1/31) to serotype 1/2c. The spread of L. monocytogenes in the poultry production chain in southern Rio Grande do Sul and the presence of poultry serotypes in cases/outbreaks of listeriosis cause concern to public health.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of crude glycerin in the supplement provided in creep feeding on the physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of meat from suckling lambs kept in pasture ryegrass. Thirty two suckling lambs, sixteen male and sixteen female, were distributed into 4 diets with different concentrations of crude glycerin: 0, 10, 20 and 30% crude glycerin, in the replacement of corn, in the isoproteic supplement (18% CP) provided daily in amounts equivalent to 2% of body weight. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with each variable data submitted to analysis of variance at 5% significance and the significant results subjected to regression analysis. There was no effect (P>0,05) of contents of crude glycerin on the chemical composition and cholesterol content of lamb meat. On the other hand, there was increased linearly (P>0,05) pH and cooking losses by the use of crude glycerin. No influence (P>0,05) of crude glycerin concentration on the texture profile analysis (TPA), sensorial analysis by triangular test and even when was evaluated attributes color, tenderness and juiciness of lamb meat. Up to 30% of crude glycerin in the supplement provided in creep feeding for suckling lambs grazing ryegrass do not compromise the physical-chemical and sensorial quality of the lamb meat.