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Turkey oak (Quercus cerris) is distributed at the northern, western and southern Anatolia in Turkey. Although these forests are managed by shelterwood systems, degraded forests are subjected to artificial regeneration. in this context, the mature Turkey oak stands in Sipahiler Forests sub-district affiliated Sütçüler Forest District Directorate in Isparta, which did not have natural regeneration conditions, were artificially regenerated by acorn point sowing under the stand shelter. Although the regeneration was successful, the seedlings did not realize sufficient growth. in this context, regenerative cuttings (1- cutting all saplings in the plots from just above the ground level, 2- Cutting saplings from 10 cm height above the ground level, 3- Leaving only one individual at the each sowing plot (excluding the lateral stems) and pruning, 4-Leaving only one individual at the each sowing plot (excluding the lateral stems) without pruning and 5- Control without any cutting and pruning) were applied to the saplings and the 4 years’ height growths of saplings were measured. the treatments were realized just before the vegetation period of 2014 and first measurements were done after the cuttings. To determine the height increment, second measurements were carried out after the vegetation period of 2017. As a result of these measurements, the height growth increment for each treatment was realized as follow: 75.25 cm for the saplings cut from ground level, 61.98 cm for the saplings cut from 10 cm height from ground level, 33.62 cm for the saplings of thinned and pruning, 32.80 cm for the saplings of thinned without pruning and 32.80 for the saplings of control. in final, the height growth of regenerative cutting saplings reached to those which were not subjected to cuttings. These results showed that regenerative cutting is promising to foster the growth of Turkey oak saplings. But for a better understanding, longer observation is needed to see the growth differences between the saplings subjected to regenerative cuttings and others, since the height of regenerative cutting saplings is not higher than the others yet. Keywords: artificial regeneration, degradation, sapling, sprouting

Bu çalışma ile Toros sediri (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) ve kızılçam (Pinus brutia Ten.) fidan üretim alanlarında sorun olan yabancı otlarile mücadelede herbisit ve solarizasyon uygulamalarının fidan gelişimlerine, fidan yaşama oranlarına ve fidanlık maliyetlerine etkileribelirlenmiştir. Araştırma Eğirdir ve Antalya Orman Fidanlıklarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmalarda üç farklı etken maddeye sahipherbisitler ve solarizasyon uygulamaları yer almıştır. Uygulamalarınmaliyet analizleri aynı fidanlıklarda uygulanan mekanik mücadeleyöntemi ile karşılaştırılarak yapılmıştır. Herbisit uygulamaları sonucunda yabancı otlarda kontrol sağlanmış olsa da uygulamaların Torossediri ve kızılçam fidan gelişimi ve yaşam oranlarını düşürdüğü belirlenmiştir. Solarizasyon uygulaması ise yabancı otların örtme derecesini çok yüksek oranda etkilemezken, fidan gelişimi ve yaşamaoranlarında artış tespit edilmiştir. Maliyet analizi sonucunda ise herbisit uygulamalarının fidanlık maliyetlerini azalttığı belirlenmiştir.Çalışma genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde; orman fidanlıklarında yabancı otlardan kaynaklanan yüksek maliyet değerlerinin düşürülmesiiçin herbisit kullanımının ekonomik olacağı ancak bu aşamada fidansayısı ve gelişimi üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerinden dolayı bir öneride bulunulamayacağı sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu nedenle fidanlıklardaruhsatlı herbisitlerin kullanımına yönelik araştırmalara devam edilmesi gereklidir. In this work, the effects of herbicides and solarization on weeds at Taurus cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) and Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) seedling beds were observed, their effects on seedling emergences and growths were measured and they were assessed in terms of nursery costs. The studies were realized at Eğirdir and Antalya Forest Nurseries. The applications were carried out with three different herbicides including different active substances and solarization. Cost analysis of these applications were done by comparing them with the costs of mechanical treatments. Although herbicides generally affected the occurrence and coverage of weeds, the results were negative in terms of seedling emergences and growths of Taurus cedar and Turkish red pine seedlings. Solarization did not affect the coverage of weeds significantly whereas an increase at seedling emergence and growth was determined. In terms of cost analysis, it was seen that herbicide applications decrease the nursery costs. For a general assessment, to reduce the nursery costs, herbicide applications would be more economic than mechanical applications but at this stage it would not be possible to suggest any herbicide due to their negative effects on seedling survival and growth. At this context, researches with licensed herbicides should be increased to see their positive effects on seedling emergence and growth.

In this study, 50 female and 50 male 5-month-old captive-bred chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar) were released in 2012 into nature and monitored in the Çamkuyular Cedar Research Forest, Elmalı, Antalya. All individuals were tagged with colored leg tags and 15 also had radio transmitters attached. Over 4 months, the chukars were hunted by their natural predators, with the last dead bird found in January 2013. Of the 33 dead birds, 60.6% (n: 20) had been killed by large mammals and 39.4% (n: 13) by predatory birds. This study indicates that chukars produced in captivity are unable to successfully adapt to nature following release, primarily because they are unable to protect themselves against their natural predators. This suggests that a strategy favoring protection rather than bird release should be implemented in areas with declining partridge stocks.