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A method for an approximate computation of the electric and magnetic Green's functions for the time-harmonic Maxwell's equations in the general gyrotropic media is proposed in this paper. The method is based on the Fourier transform with respect to space variables, matrix transformations and numerical computation of the inverse Fourier transform. The approximate computation of the inverse Fourier transform has been implemented by MATLAB tools. The computational experiments confirm the robustness of the method.

Vanadium was first discovered in 1813 by the Spanish mineralogist del Rio, who gave it the name "panchromium" because of its color changes when passing through various oxidation states. It was rediscovered in 1831 by the Swedish chemist Nils Gabriel Sefstrom, who named the compound Vanadis, a nickname of the Germanic beauty, youth and lustre symbol. In humans, the total body pool of vanadium is estimated to be around 100-200 µg. In common with most transitional metals, vanadium exists in several valence states. In biological systems vanadium is found predominantly as vanadate (+5) and vanadyl (+4) forms. In the plasma, vanadium exists in both oxidation states. Approximately 90% is bound to proteins, predominantly transferrin. Most ingested vanadium is transformed in the stomach to cationic vanadile and remains in this form as it passes through the duodenum. Vanadium is preferentially distributed in the bone, kidney and liver following intraperitoneal injection; the bone representing the main storage depot for vanadium. Vanadium affects various aspects of carbohydrate metabolism including glucose transport, glucose transporter translocation, glycolysis and glycolitic enzymes, glucose oxidation, glucose output and glycogen synthesis. The insulin-like effects of vanadium also extend to the lipid metabolic pathways and on protein metabolism and mitogenesis. Despite the availability of insulin and a host of oral hypoglycemic drugs, diabetes still remains a major health concern for humans. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are needed to treat diabetes more efficiently. In this regard, studies have demonstrated that the trace element vanadium exert various insulinomimetic and antidiabetic effects in vivo and in vitro. The exact cellular mechanism of action of vanadium appears to involve a combination of several post-receptor events in the insulin-signaling cascade. In the current review, the history of vanadium and its interaction with diabetes, proposed mechanisms of action and related studies were attempted to be summarized.

Çiçek, Baki (Balikesir Author), A new series of macrocyclic thiacrown ethers (A1-6) were synthesized. These compounds were investigated as erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase I and II, which had been purified by Sepharose-4B-L-tyrosine-sulfonamide affinity gel. These ethers showed inhibition effect for human carbonic anhydrase 1 and interestingly, behaved as an activator for human carbonic anhydrase II. IC50 values of the compound that caused inhibition for human carbonic anhydrase I were determined by means of activity percentage diagrams. IC50 values for macrocyclic thiacrown ethers (A1), (A2), (A3), (A4), (A5) and (A6) were determined as 1.22, 1.61, 2.11, 1.66, 0.84 and. 1.45 mM respectively. Thus macrocyclic thiacrown ether (A5) was by far the most effective inhibitor.

Ill KARADENİZ BÖLGESİNDE YETİŞTİRİLEN BAZI KABA VE DANE YEMLERİN PARÇALANMA KARAKTERİSTİKLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA ÖZET Bu çalışmada, Karadeniz Bölgesinin doğu, orta ve batı bölgelerinde yetiştirilen baklagil yem bitkilerinin (Yonca Kuru Otu-YKO, Korunga Kuru Otu-KKO, Fiğ Kuru Otu-FKO) ve dane yemlerin (arpa ve buğday) in situ parçalanabilirlikleri, parçalanma karakteristikleri ile enerji değerlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, doğu, orta ve batı Karadeniz bölgelerinden her bir yem için 3' er örnek alınmış ve bu örneklerde ham besin maddeleri analizleri, in situ ve in vitro analizler yapılmıştır. Yetmiş iki saatlik KMP1 leri YKO' nda doğu, orta ve batı bölgeleri için sırasıyla; % 67.39, 72.33 ve 72.54; KKO' nda % 63.24, 60.46 ve 63.24; FKO' nda % 68.20, 68.11 ve 70.49 olarak belirlenmiştir. KKO' nun 72 saatlik KMP değeri YKO ve FKO' na kıyasla önemli derecede düşük (P< 0.05) bulunmuştur. OMP' ye ait 72 saatlik parçalanma değerleri YKO' nda sırasıyla; % 62.86, 68.12 ve 69.14; KKO' nda % 62.59, 59.51, 61.36; FKO' nda % 68.27, 65.88 ve 69.93 olarak saptanmıştır. KKO' na ait 72 saatlik OMP' ligi YKO ve FKO' na göre önemli derecede düşük (P< 0.05) olmuştur. YKO, FKO ve KKO' nun 72 saatlik HPP' İlkleri doğu, orta ve batı bölgeleri için sırasıyla; % 82.03, 89.84 ve 82.54; % 73.83, 77.43 ve 77.77; % 81.00, 78.76 ve 77.77 olarak belirlenmiştir. KKO ve FKO' nun 72 saatlik HPP değeri, YKO' nun 72 saatlik HPP değerine kıyasla önemli derecede düşük (P< 0.01) saptanmıştır. KMP, OMP ve HPP' ne ait `a+b` parametreleri bakımından sırasıyla; YKO= FKO>KKO (P< 0.01), YKO=KKO=FKO ve YKO>KKO=FKO (P< 0.01) sıralaması saptanmıştır. YKO, KKO ve FKO1 nun ME değerleri doğu, orta ve batı bölgeleri için sırasıyla; 1795.20, 1777.17 ve 1881.33 kcal/ kg KM; 1489.70, 1773.60 ve 1664.66 kcal/ kg KM; 1983.45, 1611.96 ve 1647.04 kcal/ kg KM olarak belirlenmiştir. YKO' nun ME değeri KKO' dan önemli derecede yüksektir (P< 0.05). KKO ile FKO arasında ve YKO ile FKO arasında farklılık bulunmamıştır (P> 0.05).IV Arpa ve buğdaya ait 48 saatlik KMP değerleri doğu, orta ve batı bölgeleri için sırasıyla; % 89.75, 83.70 ve 84.67; % 91.38, 92.06 ve 90.44 olarak bulunmuştur (P> 0.05). Arpanın KMP değeri buğdaya göre önemli derecede düşük (P< 0.01) saptanmıştır. OMP değerleri arpa ve buğday için doğu, orta ve batı bölgelerinde sırasıyla; % 89.64, 82.26 ve 85.84 ve % 89.76, 92.96 ve 88.29 olarak bulunmuştur. Arpanın ve buğdayın OMP değerleri arasında önemli derecede farklılık vardır (P< 0.01). Doğu, orta ve batı bölgelerinden alınan arpa ve buğday örneklerinin 48 saat HPP' ri sırasıyla; % 93.42, 90.94 ve 92.88; % 96.15, 93.81 ve 95.38 olarak bulunmuştur. Buğdayın 48 saatlik HPP değeri arpadan önemli derecede yüksek (P< 0.01) olmuştur. KMP' ne ait `a+b` parametresi bakımından arpa ile buğday arasında önemli düzeyde farklılık bulunmasına rağmen (P< 0.01), OMP ve HPP' ne ait `a+b` parametreleri bakımından farklılık bulunmamıştır (P> 0.05). ME değerleri arpa için doğu, orta ve batı bölgelerinde sırasıyla; 1525.89, 1406.11 ve 1552.19 kcal/ kg KM olarak arpa için ise sırasıyla; 1702.54, 1713.02 ve 1542.85 kcal/ kg KM olarak saptanmıştır. Yemler ve bölgeler arasında farklılık bulunmamıştır (P> 0.05). Anahtar Kelimeler: In situ rumen parçalanabildiği, in vitro sindirilebilirlik, enerji değeri, kaba yemler ve dane yemler A RESEARCH ON DETERMINING DEGRADABILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME FORAGES AND GRAINS RAISED IN BLACK-SEA REGION ABSTRACT In this study, it was aimed to determine the in situ degradabilities, degradability characteristics and energy values of some forages (Alfalfa Hay- AH, Sainfoin Hay- SH, Vetch Hay- VH) and grains (Barley and Wheat) raised in different parts of Black- Sea region. With this aim, 3 samples of each feed from east, middle and west parts of Black-Sea region were obtained. Routine crude nutrient analysis, in situ and in vitro analysis were made at these samples. Seventy-two hour Dry Matter Degradabilities (DMDs) at east, middle and west regions were 67.39, 72.33 and 72.54 % for AH; 63.24, 60.46 and 63.24 % for SH; 68.20, 68.11 and 70.49 % for VH, respectively. Seventy-two hour degradability value of SH was lower than those of AH and VH (P< 0.05). Seventy-two hour Organic Matter Degradabilities (OMDs) at east, middle and west regions were 62.86, 68.12 and 69.14 % for AH; 62.59, 59.51 and 61.36 % for SH; 68.27, 65.88 and 69.93 % for VH, respectively. Seventy-two hour degradability value of SH was lower than those of AH and VH (P< 0.05). Seventy-two hour Crude Protein Degradabilities (CPDs) of AH, SH and VH were, 82.03, 89.84 and 82.54 %; 73.83, 77.43 and 77.77 %; 81.00, 78.76 and 77.77 % for east, middle and west regions, respectively. Seventy-two hour CPD values of SH and VH were lower than that of AH (P< 0.01). `a+b` parameters related to DMDs, OMDs and CPDs were in order of AH=VH>SH (P< 0.01), AH=SH=VH and AH>SH=VH (P< 0.01), respectively. Metabolizable Energy (ME) values of AH, SH and VH were, 1795.20, 1777.17 and 1881.33 kcal/ kg DM; 1489.70, 1773.60 and 1664.66 kcal/ kg DM; 1983.45, 1611.96 and 1647.04 kcal/ kg DM for east, middle and west regions, respectively. ME value of AH was higher than that of SH (P< 0.05). There was no difference neither between SH and VH nor between AH and VH (P> 0.05).VI Fourty-eight hour DMDs of barley and wheat for east, middle and west regions were 89.75, 83.70 and 84.67; 91.38, 92.06 and 90.44, respectively (P> 0.05). Fourty-eight hour degradability of barley was lower than that of wheat (P< 0.01). Fourty-eight hour OMDs were found as 89.64, 82.26 and 85.84 % and 89.76, 92.96 and 88.29 % for barley and wheat obtained from east, middle and west regions, respectively. There was a significant difference between barley and wheat in terms of 48 hour OMD (P< 0.01). Fourty-eight hour CPDs of barley and wheat for east, middle and west regions were 93.42, 90.94 and 92.88 %; 96.15, 93.81 and 95.38, respectively (P> 0.05). Fourty-eight hour degradability of wheat was higher than that of barley (P< 0.01). While there was a significant difference between barley and wheat in terms of `a+b` parameter of DMD (P< 0.01), `a+b` parameters of OMD and CPD were not different (P> 0.05). ME values were 1525.89, 1406.11 and 1552.19 kcal/ kg DM for barley and 1702.54, 1713.02 and 1542.85 kcal/ kg DM for wheat at east, middle and west regions, respectively. There were no significant differences between regions and feeds (P> 0.05). Key Words: In situ rumen degradability, in vitro digestibility, energy value, forages and grains 103