Search

This study was carried out to evaluate the chemical and sensory quality of sand smelt (Atherina boyeri) treated with marinating solution containing either 10% NaCl+2% acetic acid or 10% NaCl+3% acetic acid at 4°C for 120 days. The fish-to-marinating solution ratio was 1:1. According to the results of the chemical composition analysis of the fresh and marinated sand smelt, a significant increase (P0.05). However, it has been thought that only 3% acetic acid was suitable for marination of sand smelt because of the pH value of group 2%.Key words: Sand smelt, Atherina boyeri, marinade, acetic acid, nutritional composition.

The generalized delta rule (GDR) algorithm with generalized predictive control (GPC) was used to control the temperature of a jacketed batch reactor in which styrene polymerization occurs under isothermal conditions. The effects of different optimal conditions were examined on monomer conversion, average viscosity molecular weight and chain length. The neural network model based on the relation between the reactor temperature and heat input to the reactor was used. The efficiency of the GDR with GPC was examined by simulation and experimentally using GDR parameters specified at constant temperatures, and compared with Self-Tuning PID (STPID). It was observed that the control experiments provided a good performance in maintaining the reactor temperature at its set point and yielded polymer product with desired properties., Kimya Mühendisli?i Bölümü, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi, 58140, Sivas, Turkey

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the portion of children vaccinated against HBV and immunized to HBV after vaccination program was started in Turkey, to detect infected children with HBV or carriers, and to show the prevalence of HCV in the children. Material and Method: The study is a cross-sectional research which was carried out to seven-year-old children from the 1st grades of primary schools in Sivas city center. Venous serum specimens obtained from the children were tested for anti-HBc Ig G and M, HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HCV by using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELİSA). Results: Of 607 children, 301 (49.6%) were females and 306 (50.4%) were males. The numbers of the children who were anti-HBs (+) were 449 (73.9%), anti-HBs (-) were 158 (26.1%). It was found that the prevalences of HBsAg and HCV were 0.16%. Conclusions: Since the prevalences of HBsAg and HCV were found lower in our study than the expected, we are in the opinion that with successful efforts in the health services, the spread of viral hepatitis in our country can be dropped to the levels of the countries which have low levels., Ayvaz, A.; Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Tip Fakültesi, Çocuk Sa?li?i ve Hastaliklari Anabilim Dali, Sivas, Turkey; email: adnanayvaz@yahoo.com

Objective: This study was carried out in order to determine the relationship between bullying and depression, self-esteem levels of the students attending in three different elementary schools with different socio economic levels. Methods: This study, which was planned as cross-sectional study, was carried out between 23 May and 3 June 2005. Random selection method was used to determine the schools. Of the 563 students attending in these schools, 521 who had fulfilled the questionnaire forms were included in this study. The questionnaire consist of questions asked children's socio-demographic characteristics, Depression Scale for Children and Piers-Harris's Self Concept Scale in Children used for psychological assessment, Violence-Rough Power Questionnaire established kind of peer bullying. Results: The exposure rate of bullying of students was 43%. In all these schools with socio economic levels, especially in low socioeconomic level school it has been determined that the depression levels were getting higher (p=0.00) and self-esteem level were getting lower (p=0.00) among students who have been exposed to bullying. In all three schools the most frequent physical bullying type was pushing, verbal bullying type was nicking, sexual bullying type was disturbing by touching. The most frequent emotional bullying type was damaging properties in high socio economic level school, humiliating in mid socio economic level school and isolating in low economic level school. It has been determined a relationship between bullying and age, class level, occupation of father, education level of father, the number of sister and brothers and socio economic level of family (p=0.00). It has been determined that bullying level was being effected independently by number of sister and brothers and socio economic level (p=0.001). Conclusion: In order to solve the bullying problem in all socio economic level schools there a cooperation must be constituted between teachers, family and school management. There must be a child and adolescent psychiatrist consultation service for victims and for bullying individuals., Çetinkaya, S.; Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi, Tip Fakültesi, Tip E?itimi ABD, 58140 Sivas, Turkey; email: drselmacetinkaya@hotmail.com

Cataloged from PDF version of article. Stochastic inventory control theory has focused on the order and/or pricing policy when the length of the selling period is known. In contrast to this focus, we examine the optimal length of the selling period—which we refer to as market exit time—in the context of a novel inventory replenishment problem faced by a supplier of a new, trendy, and relatively expensive product with a short life cycle. An important characteristic of the problem is that the supplier applies a price skimming strategy over time and the demand is modeled as a nonhomogeneous Poisson process with an intensity that is dependent on time. The supplier's problems of finding the optimal order quantity and market exit time, with the objective of maximizing expected profit, is studied. Procedures are proposed for joint optimization of the objective function with respect to the order quantity and the market exit time. Then, the effects of the order quantity and market exit time on the supplier's profitability are explored on the basis of a quantitative investigation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Primary hypothyroidism is frequently associated with delayed puberty. However, precocious puberty is known to occur in some rare cases of hypothyroidism untreated for a long time. A female patient with Down syndrome aged 2 years and 9 months was referred with the symptom of vaginal bleeding continuing for 1 week. In her history, there were no symptoms suggesting trauma, foreign body, urinary tract infection or intracranial mass. The patient exhibited the phenotypic features of Down syndrome and her height and weight were within 5%-25% percentiles and 25%-50% percentiles, respectively, regarding the growth curves generated for children with Down syndrome. Breast development was at Tanner stage 3 bilaterally, and she had no axillary or pubic hairs. Suprapubic ultrasonography revealed cystic lesions in the right lower quadrant and left adnexial region. She was diagnosed with Hashimoto thyroiditis as result of the tests and was started on Na lthyroxine replacement therapy, and all examination findings relevant to precocious puberty and laboratory parameters returned to normal in the 6th month of the treatment.

Introduction: In this descriptive study aimed to determine the cases, 65 years of age and over, treated and transported by 112 service in year 2006 were surveyed from command center record of Sivas center. Materials and Method: Data were obtained from the records of Emergency Health Care Services Department. The collected data were classified by sex, age, admission hour, season, diagnosis. SPSS 14.0 program was used for data analysis. Results: A total of 6782 cases admitted to 112 emergency services in Sivas, in 2006. The number of patients aged 65 years and over were 1507 and accounted 22.2% of all attendances. It is notable that most of the applications take place in January, in Winter and significantly between 10:00 and 12:00 hours (p, Nur, N.; Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Tip Fakültesi, Halk Sa?li?i Anabilim Dali, SIVAS, Turkey; email: nnur@cumhuriyed.edu.tr

Objective: The aims of this study were, to find the tuberculosis prevalence among families of children with a positive or negative PPD; to evaluate the PPD values of children found negative or positive during screening of schools; and to give prophylactic treatment for children who were negative and became positive later. Material and Methods: A total of 52 PPD positive and 65 PPD negative students were recruited to this cross-sectional study. Of these, 44 (84.6%) PPD positive and 58 (87.6%) negative students and their families accepted to participate in the study. The total number of participants was 543. PA radiography was performed on adults >5 years and a PPD test was performed on children ?15 years; an acid-fast stained preparation was made from samples obtained from patients who discharged sputum. Results: In the PPD positive group, only one newly diagnosed father and two newly diagnosed children detected during school screening were present. In the PPD negative group, there was no new case of TB. The school screening revealed that the PPD value decreased in 33, increased in 8 and did not change in 3 out of 44 PPD positive children. PPD test was positive in 31 out of 102 children (30.4%) in the PPD positive group and 5 out of 109 children (4.5%) in the PPD negative group. (p < 0.05). H treatment for 6 months was administered to 5 children with an initially negative PPD and who became positive subsequently. Conclusion: School environment seemed to be effective in the transmission of infection; thus, priority in the implementation of prophylactic measures should be given to crowded communities such as the school. We suggest that periodic surveillance studies may be effective in the protection, early detection and therapy of TB. Copyright © 2006 by Türkiye Klinikleri.