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ABSTRACT Purpose Method Results Conclusion Adipose tissue has an important endocrine function by secreting a variety of hormones known as adipokines, such as Visfatin, Omentin‐1 and Chemerin. On the other hand, these hormones are also secreted from places other than fatty tissues in the girl's genital system. The goal of this study was to demonstrate the secretory status of adipokines in patients with central precocious puberty (CPP) and their utility in the diagnosis of precocious puberty.A total of 105 patients were included in the study (53 in the CPP group and 52 in the control group). The following were used as the CPP diagnostic criteria; breast development, basal LH measurement higher than 0.3 IU/L, peak LH level ≥ 5 IU/L, peak LH/FSH ratio ≥ 0.66 (after 0.1 mg GnRH stimulation test) and a difference of at least 1 year between bone and chronological age.A statistically significant difference was detected between the groups in serum Omentin‐1 and Chemerin levels, and no significant differences were detected between the groups in Visfatin values. The cut‐off values for the diagnosis of CPP were calculated as ≤ 48.9 with 81% sensitivity and 54% specificity for Omentin‐1, and as ≥ 417 with 85% sensitivity and 60% specificity for Chemerin.In our study, we found that Omentin‐1 level decreased and Chemerin level increased in lean girls with CPP. More studies are needed to elucidate how adipokines play roles in explaining the onset of CPP, and whether they may be used as a reliable marker for the diagnosis of CPP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The study aimed to determine the predictive effect of technology followup and professional competence on the job satisfaction levels of physical education teachers. A correlational survey was used in the study. The study sample consists of 217 physical education teachers. Participants in the study were determined by the convenience sampling method. To collect data, the "Personal Information Form," "Teachers Self-Efficacy Scale," and "Job Satisfaction Scale" were used in the study. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis were used for analysis. According to the results, a significant positive relationship was found between the frequency of technology follow-up and job satisfaction (r = .230, ß = .25, p<0.05). Included in the model in the third step, the contribution of professional competence to job satisfaction is significant and explains 16.5% of job satisfaction. As a result, it was revealed that teachers perceive themselves as more professionally competent when they closely follow technological developments related to their fields, and as a result, they have a higher level of job satisfaction. For future studies, it may be suggested that similar studies in this field should be conducted on an intercultural basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objectives of this study were to compare the serum inflammatory markers, interleukin-6 (IL-6), highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and fetuin-A, in patients with premature adrenarche (PA) and the control group. Materials and Methods: This single-center cross-sectional study included 85 non-obese and pre-pubertal children. After 8--12 h of fasting, blood glucose, HDL, LDL, triglyceride, cholesterol, insulin, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, total testosterone, 17-OH PG, IL-6, hs-CRP, and Fetuin-A levels were measured and compared in a convenience sample of PA (n=35) and a healthy volunteers of control (n=50) group. Results: The mean age (7.34±0.62 years vs. 7.09±0.77 years, respectively) and sex (82% girl vs. 80% girl, respectively) of the PA and control groups were similar (p>0.05). Fasting insulin levels (10.9±6.21 Uu/mL vs. 7.4±5.9 Uu/mL; p<0.001), HOMA-IR (2.06±0.63 vs. 1.36±1.00; p=0.017), FGIR (11.31±5.60 vs. 16.46±8.52; p=0.004), and QUICKI (0.35±0.02 vs. 0.37±0.03; p<0.001) levels were different in PA and control groups. IL-6 level higher in PA group than controls [2.7 (3.30) pg/mL vs. 3.02 (1.31) pg/mL, p=0.035], while plasma Fetuin-A [522.02 (715.86) mg/L; 519.4 (945.97) mg/L, p=0.434] and hs-CRP [0.73 (1.02) mg/dL; 1.0 (1.12) mg/dL, p=0.439] levels were similar. IL-6 cutoff value for PA was calculated as 2.06 with 72.7% sensitivity and 48.8% specificity for all study groups (AUC=0.641, p=0.036). Conclusion: The high IL-6 levels may be an indicator of chronic subclinical inflammation in PA cases. These children should be followed closely in terms of metabolic disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The prevalence of obesity, as an important public health problem, has been raised in our country as well as all over the world. There is insufficient data in terms of metabolic syndrome (MS) prevalence and its risk factors in Turkey. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency and risk factors of MS in 6-18 years old obese children and adolescents, to compare thyroid function test results, and to calculate the frequency of sub clinical hypothyroidism in patients with and without MS. Material and Methods: This retrospective single-center observational study was conducted on 957 obese children and adolescents aged 6-18 years. The cases were divided into 2 groups as 6-12 years old (Group 1) and 12-18 years old (Group 2). Than, the frequencies of MS were calculated according to the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), Cook et al. and de Ferranti et al. Thyroid function test (thyroid-stimulating hormone and free T4) results were compared in patients with and without MS. Results: The prevalence of MS in Group 1 and Group 2 were found as 7.7% and 12.5%, respectively for IDF criteria, 12.9% and 26.4% for Cook criteria, and 25 and 37.4% for de Ferranti criteria. In Group 2, obese girls had lower free T4 levels than boys (p=0.04). The frequency of subclinical hypothyroidism was similar in the groups with and without MS (p>0.05). Conclusion: In this study, the frequency of MS according to different diagnostic criteria varied, similar to previous studies in our country. So it is necessary to develop an internationally acceptable MS diagnostic criterion in childhood age group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systemic pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA) is a rare, salt-wasting syndrome that is caused by inactivating variants in genes encoding epithelial sodium channel subunits. Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, increased aldosterone and renin levels are expected findings in PHA. Clinical management is challenging due to high dose oral replacement therapy. Furthermore, patients with systemic PHA require life-long therapy. Here we report a patient with systemic PHA due to SCNN1B variant whose hyponatremia and hyperkalemia was detected at the 24th hour of life. Hyperkalemia did not improve with conventional treatments and dialysis was required. He also developed myocarditis and hypertension in follow-up. Challenges for diagnosis and treatment in this patient are discussed herein. In addition, published evidence concerning common features of patients with SCNN1B variant are reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study evaluates the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Sleep Disturbance scale for Children (SDSC). Materials and Methods: SDSC is a Likert-type scale with 26 items and 6 subscales used to investigate sleep disturbances in school-age children. The SDSC is completed by the parent based on the preceding 6 months. The study was started after obtaining permission from the scale owner. First, an orderly adaptation of the scale to the Turkish language was performed (translation, expert panel, back translation, pilot study). Test-retest was applied to 30 participants. After these procedures, data collection was started with SDSC and demographic data form. The collected data were analyzed for reliability (stability of the scale with test-retest; internal consistency of the scale with Cronbach's alpha) and validity (construct validity of the scale with confirmatory factor analysis). T-score table was created for SDSC and its subscales. Results: Overall, 328 participants attended the study. Of these, 51.5% were females and 48.5% were males. The mean age was 10.3±2.8 years (min: 6; max: 16 years). The Cronbach alpha value, which tested the scale's internal consistency, was 0.79. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed X2/df=2.003, p<0.001, CFI =0.845, GFI =0.875, and RMSEA =0.055. The mean of the SDSC total score was 40.6±10.1 (min: 26; max: 86). The total SDSC score of 13 children (4%) were clinically significant in terms of sleep disturbance (T-score >70). Conclusion: The Turkish version of SDSC fulfilled the validity and reliability tests at an acceptable level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate hematological parameters and iron level in obese children and adolescents in different age groups. Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of hundred fifty-four obese children and adolescents aged between 3 and 18 years, who were being followed at the Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine Hospital, Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic. As the control group, 158 healthy age and sex-matched children were also included. The children were divided into three groups according to age: Group 1 (3-7 years), Group 2 (7-12 years), and Group 3 (12-18 years). Hematological parameters, serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, and ferritin levels were compared, and their correlations with body mass index (BMI) were investigated. Results: The mean ages of the control (10.66±3.40; %55.80 girls) and case (10± 4.16; %62 girls) groups were similar. When compared serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, transferrin saturation and ferritin levels, in obese children aged between 12-18 years, serum iron and transferrin saturation was lower whereas ferritin level and total iron-binding capacity were higher (p<0.001). On the other hand, the ferritin level and total iron-binding capacity were higher in obese children aged between 7-12 years, while the other parameters were similar. When the correlations between BMI-SDS and hematological parameters were evaluated; positive correlations with white blood cell count (r = 0.46, p< 0.001), absolute neutrophil count (r = 0.40, p< 0.001) and ferritin levels (r = 0.36, P <0.001), while a negative correlation with transferrin saturation percentage (r = -0.22, p = 0.02) were found. Conclusion: Obese adolescents are prone to iron deficiency with low saturation index. Therefore, ferritin level may be misled for investigating iron deficiency status in obese adolescents [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]