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Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of treatment with palosuran, a urotensin receptor blocker, on molecular changes in the corpora cavernosa (CC) in diabetic rats. Methods: Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated with palosuran 300 mg/kg per day for 6 weeks. Contraction of CC induced by potassium chloride, phenylephrine, and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and relaxation of CC induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent stimuli, respectively), and Y-27632 (Rho-kinase inhibitor) were examined in organ baths. Direct contraction or relaxation induced by palosuran and urotensin-II (U-II) were also evaluated. The expression levels of nitric oxide synthetases (NOSs), RhoA, oxidative stress regulators, and U-II were analyzed by Western blotting or immunohistochemistry. Results: Induction of diabetes in rats resulted in the decreased relaxant response to SNP, decreased pD2 value of SNP, attenuated relaxant response to Y-27632 as well as the decreased RhoA expression in CC. Palosuran treatment of diabetic rats reversed all of these parameters; however, it further impaired the already weakened relaxation of diabetic CC in response to EFS. Although induction of diabetes did not change U-II expression in CC significantly, palosuran treatment reduced U-II expression in diabetic CC. The expression level of nNOS was lowered in diabetic CC; however, palosuran treatment did not change the decreased the neuronal NOS expression. In vitro exposure of diabetic CC strips to palosuran produced a direct relaxant response. Conclusion: Palosuran treatment did not affect the expression of NOSs or reduce nitrergic conduction induced by EFS stimulation in diabetic CC. However, while directly triggering a relaxant response, it did not induce a prominent contraction either by decreasing U-II expression, or increasing the sensitivity of CC to nitric oxide which suggested that palosuran has the potential to support erectile function. Further and comprehensive studies are required to clarify this issue.

Aim: Various prognostic risk-scoring systems and parameters have been investigated to predict mortality in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) scores to evaluate their predictive value on COVID-19-related mortality. Materials and Methods: A total of 1239 patients were admitted in the study. Patients were followed up for 34 months. Specific variables and biochemical parameters were recorded. NLR and PNI values of the participants were calculated and divided into three equal groups from smallest to largest according to these values (NLR and PNI incrementally from 1 to 3). The terciles of NLR and PNI levels were compared between the survival and non-survival groups. Results: The study included 1.239 patients. The patients were followed up for an average of 22 months (range, 0-34 months). Compared to surviving patients in the mortality group, NLR was also significantly higher and the PNI score was significantly lower (p

Bacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae are known as nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), and the frequency of clinically symptomatic forms is increasing day by day. Mycobacterium fortuitum, a rapidly reproducing NTM, causes various clinical signs such as skin soft-tissue infection, surgical site infection, and disseminated infection in immunosuppressed patients. Although progress can be made in terms of diagnosis when growth is detected in culture, it is quite difficult to distinguish between infection and contamination. There is no place for antituberculosis treatment in the treatment of M. fortuitum. Antibiotics such as quinolones, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, linezolid, doxycycline, clarithromycin, azithromycin, imipenem, tigecycline, linezolid, and amikacin are recommended at least in dual combination therapy. In this case presentation, the diagnosis and treatment of a 2-year skin soft-tissue infection with M. fortuitum growth in culture will be discussed.

The introduction of new technologies provides consumers with additional shopping opportunities and allow them to test new products. The study was conducted to determine the effects of brand experience on customer inspiration and behavioral intention and to establish the mediating role of openness to experience. The theoretical framework of the study resides in the theory of marketing and cognitive appraisal theory. Convenience sampling method and structural equation modelling were used within the study. The population of the study consists of customers who order from the online takeaway portal yemeksepeti.com. The data were gathered using questionnaires collected online in June, 2023. A total of 416 valid responses were received. Smart PLS 4 statistical program was used to test the hypotheses. As a result of the tests, it was found that brand experience has a positive effect on customer inspiration and openness to experience. It was also determined that openness to experience has a positive effect on customer inspiration by partially mediating the positive effect between brand experience and inspiration. Furthermore, the hypothesis that customer inspiration positively affects behavioral intention was also confirmed. The research will contribute to expanding the literature on consumer inspiration and openness to experience. Among possible directions for further research is to test the proposed model in relating industries or using statistical data from other countries.

Research on flashbulb memories (FBMs) has primarily focused on cognitive aspects. However, recent studies indicate that FBMs are closely associated with social and cultural dynamics. This descriptive study explored the structural aspects and psychosocial functions of negative FBMs within the context of intergroup theories, mainly focusing on negative public (coup attempt in Türkiye on July 15, 2016) and private (bad news of a loved one) FBMs. Participants in the main study (N = 233) were selected and grouped based on their social dominance orientations (SDO; high and low groups) and system justification tendencies (SJT; high and low groups), using data from a preliminary survey (N = 1,113). In the main study, participants’ responses to items on canonical categories, phenomenological aspects, and psychosocial functions of FBMs and their involvement in different protest actions against the coup attempt were compared considering SDO, SJT, and gender. The results show that private FBMs were generally rated higher by participants than public FBMs in all aspects. Although the canonical quality of private FBM did not differ between gender groups, public FBM quality was better in men. Participants in the high-SJT group had higher-quality public FBMs and rated these memories as more functional than participants in the low-SJT group, along with their high levels of protest participation. No differences were observed between the SDO groups for either type of FBM. The findings are discussed in terms of their relevance to group hierarchies and system justification motives. As the first attempt to place the FBM phenomenon in the context of SDO and SJT at the individual level, this study is intended to encourage others to adopt multi-level intergroup theories for integrating bottom-up and top-down processes.

IntroductionChildren diagnosed with endocrine disorders may exhibit atypical development and may encounter challenges in language, academic, and cognitive skills, as well as social–emotional issues. The objective of this study was to identify potential therapeutic requirements in the areas of language, cognition, and mathematical skills among children with endocrine disorders who experience school failure. This will enable an early evaluation of speech and language disorders and the planning of interventions to be possible.MethodsIn this study, children with endocrine disorders were compared with their normally developing peers in terms of language, cognition, mathematical skills, and psychosocial characteristics. In this study, 15 children diagnosed with endocrine disorders (8 females, 7 males; mean age: 10, SD: 2) and 15 children with normal development (8 females, 7 males; mean age: 10, SD: 2) participated. The participants were subjected to the Test of Language Development-Primary: Fourth Edition Turkish Revision (TOLDP-4:T), the Turkish Nonword Repetition Test (TNRT), the Turkish Multilingual Sentence Repetition Test (LITMUS-TR), the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R), the Problem-Solving Test (PST), the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale-Child Version (RCADS-CV), the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI), and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL).ResultsThe findings of the study indicate that children with endocrine disease have lower performance in language, cognition, and mathematical skills compared to their healthy peers. Otherwise, they do not differ in terms of social–emotional status assessed by psychological scales.DiscussionThese findings suggest that while children with endocrine disorders face challenges in academic and cognitive domains, their social-emotional development remains relatively unaffected. Early identification and intervention in language, cognition, and mathematical skills may help address the academic struggles of these children, potentially improving their school performance and overall well-being.

Cutis laxa (CL) is a rare condition characterized by loose and sagging skin, leading to a premature aging appearance. It has both congenital and acquired forms. While observation remains the primary approach for congenital CL, surgical intervention can be employed for acquired CL. In the literature, limited studies reported the patient management and surgical approaches to CL from a plastic surgery perspective. Furthermore, no studies have reported the surgical technique in repositioning the nipple-areola complex in a CL case. At this point, the current study aims to present this rare case and emphasize the role of plastic surgery.

Geçmişte olduğu gibi bugün de meydana geldiği coğrafyayı ve o coğrafyada yaşayan toplumu derinden etkileyen doğal afetlerden biri olan depremler, geniş Osmanlı coğrafyası üzerinde yer alan pek çok bölgede etkili olmuştur. Bu bölgelerde yer alan çoğu deprem yıkıcı etkileri nedeniyle kayda geçmiştir. Osmanlı coğrafyasındaki yıkıcı depremlerden biri de kaynaklarda son beş yüz yıl içerisinde meydana gelmiş en büyük ve en yıkıcı deprem olarak ifade edilen 1822 yılında Hatay, Halep, Gaziantep, Kilis şehirleri başta olmak üzere pek çok bölge ve şehirde hissedilen ve hasarlar meydana getiren depremdir. Bu depreme dair tarihî belgelerde ve tarihsel süreçte meydana gelen depremlere dair bilimsel makalelerde bilgiler yer almaktadır. Bu bilgilere ek olarak o dönemde bölgede bulunan yerli ve yabancı devlet adamlarının ve seyyahların gözlemleri de ayrı bir kaynak olarak dikkati çekmektedir. İlgili kaynaklarda sadece depremin zamanına, meydana geldiği bölgeye ve yıkıcılığına değinilmemiş; depremin bölge insanı üzerindeki maddî ve manevî etkilerine de dikkat çekilmiştir. Bu bilgilerin yanı sıra depremin çok geniş bir coğrafyada Kıbrıs’tan Gazze’ye hatta Karadeniz kıyılarına kadar pek çok sahada hissedildiğine ve bu bölgelerin büyük bir bölümünde ciddi hasarların meydana geldiğine değinilmiştir. Bu çalışmada ele alınacak tarih manzumesi ise 1822 Hatay depremi üzerine kaleme alınmış bir manzumedir. Manzume bu tarihî olaya şair gözüyle bir bakışı aktarmaktadır. Bilimsel kaynaklarda yer alan bilgilerle de örtüşen manzume, depremi bizzat yaşayan şairin bölgedeki insan ve insan üzerindeki etkilerine dair tespitlerini ele alması açısından önemlidir. Çalışmada öncelikle depreme dair tarihî belgelerde, bilimsel kaynaklarda ve dönem seyyah ve devlet adamlarının gözlemlerinde yer alan bilgilere dikkat çekilecek, akabinde manzume üzerine değerlendirmelerde bulunulacaktır.

Aim: Valproic acid (VPA) is primarily used in the treatment of epilepsy but also has uses in the treatment of manic episodes in bipolar disorder and substance use disorders. Manic episodes and psychosis may also affect hepatic clearance and drug distribution volume. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of mania and psychosis compared to substance use on VPA pharmacokinetics, specifically changes in total and unbound clearance. Material and Methods: Fifty patients with a manic episode of bipolar disorder, and 51 patients with substance use disorder, 38 of whom were considered as substance-induced psychosis, were included in this retrospective study. All patients received a constant dose of 1000 mg VPA daily for at least five days, and serum VPA concentrations were measured. Results: The mean serum levels of VPA were 59.2±17.4 μg/ml in the substance use disorder group, 60.9±13.5 μg/ml in the substance-induced psychosis group, and 61.8±13.7 μg/ml in the manic episode of bipolar disorder group. No significant difference was found between the groups (p=0.840). When considering substance use disorder and substance-induced psychosis as one group, the mean VPA level of 60.5±14.4 μg/ml in this group showed no significant difference compared to 61.8±13.7 μg/ml in the manic episode of bipolar disorder (p=0.630). Conclusion: After reaching steady-state plasma levels, no significant difference in serum VPA levels was observed between the three groups. This suggests that manic episodes do not lead to a significant increase in VPA metabolism compared to substance use disorder or substance-induced psychosis.

Osmanlı dönemi Balkan coğrafyasının önemli bir kültür merkezi olan Kosova’nın Prizren şehrinde, XIX. asrın sonları ile XX. asrın başlarında, zengin bir tasavvufî kültürün bir temsilcisi olarak faaliyet gösteren Prizrenli Hacı Ömer Lutfî, mutasavvıf kişiliğinin yanında şairliği ile de ön plana çıkmıştır. Tasavvufî faaliyetlerini Melamî tarîkatı mensubiyeti çerçevesinde sürdüren Hacı Ömer Lutfî, şeyhlik vazifesinin yanında İttihat ve Terakkî’ye katılarak dönemin siyasi problemleriyle meşgul olmuştur. Fikir ve düşüncelerini dinî-tasavvufî muhtevalı eserler telif ederek ortaya koyan şâirin Türkçe Dîvân’ı yanı sıra bazı eserleri de yayımlanmıştır. Din-Edebiyat ve tasavvuf-edebiyat ilişkileri bağlamında güzel bir örnek olan müellifin Ramazaniyesi, asırlar boyu birikimini devam ettiren dinî-tasavvufî edebiyatın bir ürünü olarak tarihteki yerini almıştır. Dinî literatürün edebiyatımızda yaygın hâle gelmesinde önemli ölçüde etkisi olan Ramazâniyeler, dinî kültürün yanı sıra sosyal hayatın belirleyici öznesi olarak zengin bir manevi birikimi ve Ramazan ayına münhasır terminolojisi ile Türk İslam Edebiyatı’nın öne çıkan türlerinden biri olmuştur. Toplumun manevi hayatını etkilediği kadar sosyo-kültürel birikimi ile başta cami ve mescidler gelmek üzere, Ramazan, oruç, iftar, imsak, teravih, Kur’an, rahle, mahya, hilâl, temizlik, cömertlik, fitre ve sadaka gibi pek çok kavramın kökleşip yerleşmesinde baş rolü oynamıştır. Hacı Ömer Lutfî’nin, dinî-tasavvufî konulu şiirleri arasında bulunan Ramazaniyesi, farklı nazım şekillerinde on bir manzumeden oluşmaktadır. İki muhammes, üç mesnevi, beş gazel ve bir adet de murabbaın yer aldığı Ramazaniye, dinî-tasavvufî muhtevalı pek çok manzumenin bulunduğu el yazması bir mecmua içerisinde muhafaza edilmektedir. Müellifin Ramazaniyesi, sosyal hayatı kuşatan bir ibadet olan Ramazan orucunu işleyen bir edebî eser olarak geniş halk kitlelerine ulaşma gayesi ile sade, açık ve anlaşılır bir dil ile telif edilmiştir. Müzdevic muhammes ile başlayan Ramazaniyede; iki muhammes, üç mesnevi, beş gazel ve bir adet de murabba nazım biçiminde manzume yer alır. Ramazan ayının dinî-tasavvufî literatürdeki vasıf ve faziletleri ile manzumesini oluşturan şâir, Kadir gecesi ve yine bu gecede Kur’an’ın nazil olmaya başlamış olmasından hareketle Ramazan ayının fazilet ve vasıflarını bu aya mahsus kavram ve terkiplerle nazmetmiştir. Eserde konu ile ilgili iktibas ve telmihlere de sıkça başvurulmuştur. Çalışmanın giriş bölümünde oruç ibadeti ve Ramazan ayının kültür ve edebiyatımızdaki yerine değinilmiş, işledikleri konuları bakımından dinî, tasavvufî ve edebî olarak üç başlık altında incelenen Ramazaniye ve Ramazan-nâme türü eserlere dair yapılan çalışmalara da kısaca temas edilmiştir. Çalışmanın birinci bölümünde; Ramazaniye’deki manzumelerin şekil ve muhteva özellikleri üzerinde durulduktan sonra manzumelerin dinî-tasavvufî tahlili yapılmıştır. Manzumelerin konu ve muhtevasına sırasıyla değinildikten sonra şiirde yer alan temel dinî, edebî ve tasavvufî kavramlar, Ramazan edebiyatı ve bu edebiyat içerisinde teşekkül eden tasavvufî kavram ve remizler çerçevesinde tahlil edilmiştir. Böylece, Hacı Ömer Lutfî’nin Ramazan konulu şiirlerindeki kavramlar ile dinî-tasavvufî edebiyatta yerleşik benzer kavramların bağlantısı da kurulmaya çalışılmıştır. İkinci bölümde ise müellifin Ramazaniyesinin metni verilmiştir.

Background/Aims: Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) is a rare condition in childhood, with the exception of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS). However, no classification exists from a pediatric gastroenterologist’s perspective. Materials and Methods: The patients with a diagnosis of GOO between 2009 and 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. We classified the patients according to GOO: presence of clinical findings accompanied by radiological and/or endoscopic findings; clinical status: intractable nonbilious postprandial vomiting alone or with abdominal pain, early satiety, weight loss, postprandial abdominal distension, and malnutrition; radiology: delayed gastric emptying and dilated stomach; endoscopy: nonbilious gastric contents after 6-8 hours of emptying and/or failed pyloric intubation; physical examination: visible gastric peristalsis. Results: A total of 30 GOO patients (15 patients with IHPS, 1 patient with annular pancreas, 4 patients with gastric volvulus, 2 patients with duodenal atresia, 2 patients with antral web, 1 patient with late-onset hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (LHPS) had surgical treatment, and remaining 5 patients had medical treatment) were enrolled to the study. The median age was 8 months (range: 3 months-16 years), and 14 patients were female. Mitochondrial disorders, LHPS, metabolic disorders, and eosinophilic gastrointestinal system diseases were added to Sharma’s GOO classification, and the classification has been expanded. Conclusion: This is the first and largest study of GOO in children. From the perspective of pediatric gastroenterology, new diseases will be addressed, and definitions will be highlighted with our classification for GOO in childhood.