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Although the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer has made a progress, the disease remains fatal for some cases. Every step taken to save patients from death helps to approach the goal but there are still many issues that need to be investigated to reach a result.With the discovery of stem cells, the importance of these cells for human health has been understood and studies on how to use them in treatment have gained great momentum. In the following years, the concept of Cancer Stem Cell has emerged. It has been shown that these cells have stem cell characteristics but metastasize within the tumor tissue. They can cause recurrence after treatment or develop resistance to treatment. The other group of cells with rootedness is the non-cancer stem cell group and are cancer cells that respond to conventional cancer treatment. Adhesion molecules are of great importance in the cancer metastasis and invasion into the surrounding tissue. Studies have shown that adhesion molecules has great importance spesifically in multi-drug resistance and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.The aim of this study is to examine the effect of zoledronic acid application on prostate cancer stem cells on adhesion molecules, which have an important role in the metastasis development process. For this purpose, zoledronic acid treatment was applied to cancer stem cells isolated from DU145 human prostate cancer cell line using a flow cytometry device and CD133/CD44 surface markers. Changes in cancer stem cells have been investigated in terms of adhesion molecules. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in the number of cancer stem cells after zoledronic acid treatment and this application led to significant changes in CD44, ITGB1, CD29, LAMB1, LAMB3, LAMC1, SPP1, TGFB1, TGFB1, TIMP2, ADAMTS1, ITGB5.In this study, it has been shown that zoledronic acid administration in-vitro has a suppressive effect on cancer stem cell adhesion molecules and that this drug may be used in the treatment of prostate cancer in clinical use in further studies., Prostat kanserinin tanı ve tedavisine yönelik birçok alanda ilerleme sağlanabilmesine rağmen hastalık bazı vakalar için ölümcül olma niteliğini sürdürmektedir. Hastaların ölümden kurtulması için atılan her adım hedefe yaklaşılmasına yardım etse de halen sonuca ulaşmak için araştırılması gereken pek çok konu bulunmaktadır.Kök hücrenin keşfi ile bu hücrelerin insan sağlığı için önemi anlaşılmış ve tedavide nasıl kullanılacağının belirlenmesine yönelik çalışmalar büyük hız kazanmıştır. İlerleyen yıllarda Kanser Kök Hücresi kavramı ortaya çıkmış ve bu hücrelerin, kök hücre özelliklerini taşıyan ancak tümör dokusu içinde metastazı yapan, tedavi sonrası nükse yol açabilen veya tedaviye direnç̧ geliştiren hücreler oldukları belirlenmiştir. Köklülük özelliğine sahip bu hücreler dışında kalan hücre gurubu kanser kök hücresi olmayan hücre gurubudur ve konvansiyonel kanser tedavisine cevap veren kanser hücrelerdir. Kanserin metastaz yapması ve çevre dokuya invazyonunda adezyon moleküllerinin önemi büyüktür. Yapılan çalışmalar özellikle çoklu ilaç direnci ve epitelial mezenşimal geçişte adezyon moleküllerinin büyük önem kazandığını göstermiştir.Bu çalışmanın amacı prostat kanseri kök hücreleri üzerine zoledronik asit uygulaması sonrası, metastaz geliştirme sürecinde önemli rolü olan adezyon molekülleri üzerine etkisinin incelenmesidir. Bu amaçla DU145 insan prostat kanseri hücre hattından akım sitometri cihazı ile CD133/CD44 yüzey belirteçleri kullanılarak izole edilen kanser kök hücreleri üzerine zoledronik asit tedavisi uygulanmıştır. Kanser kök hücresinde oluşan değişiklikler adezyon molekülleri yönü ile araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar zoledronik asit tedavisi sonrası kanser kök hücresi sayısında önemli bir düşüş olduğunu ve bu uygulamanın CD44, ITGB1, CD29, LAMB1, LAMB3, LAMC1, SPP1, TGFB1, TGFB1, TIMP2, ADAMTS1, ITGB5’de önemli değişimlere yol açtığını göstermiştir. Bu çalışmada in-vitro ortamda zoledronik asit uygulamasının kanser kök hücresi adezyon molekülleri üzerine baskılayıcı etki oluşturduğu ve ilerleyen çalışmalarda bu ilacın klinik kullanımda prostat kanseri tedavisinde uygulanabilme olasılığının olduğunu göstermiştir.

Aims: Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is important in normal prostate and prostate tumor tissues. Thus, the new therapeutic strategies targeting ARs may also be important for treatment of prostate cancer (PC) and its biology. The studies have shown that miRNAs to be dysregulated in PC progression. Therefore, in the present study, differentially expressed miRNAs that predictively target the ARs were identified and investigated by in silico analysis. Main methods: Cellular proliferation, qPCR, western blot and apoptosis assays were performed to investigate the molecular mechanism of the selected miRNAs in the PC cells. Key findings: In our miRNA qPCR study, several miRNAs were found to be differentially regulated in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells (LNCaP-Abl and LNCaP-104R2) compared with androgen dependent (AD) cells (LNCaP). The expression levels of miR-625-5p and miR-874-3p were significantly increased in LNCaP-Abl (2.62-fold, p = 0.0002; 4.00-fold, p = 0.00002, respectively) and LNCaP-104R2 (2.44-fold, p = 0.0455; 3.77 fold, p = 0.0383, respectively) compared with AD cells. The expression levels of AR and prostate specific antigen were increased in PC cells compared with AD cells. Furthermore, transfection of PC cells with anti-miRs suppressed their proliferation and AR protein levels (p < 0.05). Significance: Several differentially regulated miRNAs were identified in CRPC cells, including miR-625-5p and miR-874-3p that are potentially involved in PC progression. These results may provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism underlying CRPC cells and miRNA applications may constitute a new and alternative method to prevent development of CRPC cells in the future., Ege University Scientific Research Projects Fund [2012/TIP/045], Acknowledgements This study was supported by Ege University Scientific Research Projects Fund which is Grant Number 2012/TIP/045.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to describe the general characteristics, treatment modalities andoverall survival times of kidney cancer patients that diagnosed and treated in between 1992 –andJune 2018 at Ege University Hospital.Materials and Methods: Ege University Cancer Control, Research and Application Centerregistered the collected kidney cancer data in CANREG which is a special computer program forgrouping and analyzing the data in WHO and SEER based systems. Fisher’s Exact Test KaplanMeier survival analyzing technique was used in statistical analysis. Log Rank(Mantel-Cox),Breslow(Generalized Wilcoxon) and Tarone-Ware statistical techniques were used in survivalanalysis. P, Amaç: Ege Üniversitesi Hastanesinde 1992-Haziran 2018 arası kanser tanısı konan ve tedavisiyapılan renal kanser tanılı hastaların genel özellikleri, tedavi modaliteleri ve sağ kalım sürelerinintanımlanması amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Ege Üniversitesi Kanserle Savaş Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi tarafındantoplanan renal kanser verileri CANREG özel bilgisayar programına kayıt edilmiş, DSÖ ve SEERsistemleri temelinde gruplanarak analizler yapılmıştır. İstatistik analizlerde Fisher’s Exact Test,KaplanMeier sağ kalım analizleri uygulanmıştır. Sağ kalım analizinde Log Rank (Mantel-Cox), Breslow(Generalized Wilcoxon) ve Tarone-Ware istatistikleri kullanılmıştır. İstatistik analizlerde p

Purpose: We tried to establish the predictive factors influencing the initial response, as well as its duration, and time to castration resistance (CR) for primary advanced prostate cancer (PC) with bone metastasis. Methods: We evaluated all patients initially receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for primary advanced PC with bone metastasis. A total of 982 patients with complete medical records available for analysis from 18 centers were included in this study. Age, initial PSA, Gleason score (GS) and extent of bone involvement (EBI) were recorded in a database. Results: Among all the patients, 896 (91.2%) responded to ADT initially. Pretreatment PSA and EBI were significant predictors in the multivariate model. Among the 659 patients who progressed into a CR state, the mean duration of response was 22.4 months. There was a significant correlation between the CR state and nadir PSA (nPSA) level and time to nPSA. Pretreatment PSA, EBI, GS, highest tumor volume in biopsy cores (%), number of positive biopsy cores, percent positive biopsy cores and time to nPSA were proven to be significant to predict a nPSA. Pretreatment PSA, GS and EBI were statistically significant predictors of PSA normalization in multivariate analysis. The limitation of the study depends on the retrospective design and a model was developed for low standardization as a result of using multicenter data. The patients enrolled in this study were from a relatively long period of time (1989–2008). Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that it is possible to predict the initial response to ADT by pretreatment PSA levels and EBI, while the duration of response can be reflected by a multitude of clinical factors including nPSA, TTnPSA, percent positive cores, biopsy GS and EBI.

Objectives: To investigate the efficacy of single or double epirubicin instillation during the early postoperative period (EPP) in intermediate-risk non-muscle-invasive urothelial cancer. Methods: Patients with primary and solitary or multiple (3 or less) Ta (grade 2–3) or T1 (grade 1–2) tumors were enrolled. Patients were randomized to receive either a single dose of 100 mg epirubicin instillation within 6 h or a second 100 mg epirubicin instillation during the 12th–18th hours after a complete TUR-BT. At the end of the 60-month follow-up period, the available data were statistically analyzed. The end-points of the study were determined as disease-free survival, progression and recurrence rates, time to recurrence, and time to progression. Results: A total of 299 patients from 24 institutions were randomized between January 2002 and June 2004. There were 143 patients from 18 institutions who met the eligibility criteria. The follow-up and disease-free survival periods were 16.9 months and 16 months, respectively. There was no statistical difference in the demographic properties and the end-points between the groups. Conclusions: A single dose of intravesical 100 mg epirubicin chemotherapy during the early postoperative period for primary intermediate-risk non-muscle-invasive urothelial cancer achieved 16 months of mean disease-free survival. A second intravesical epirubicin instillation did not provide any significant benefit.

To investigate the association between the 3 most frequently observed single nucleotide polymorphisms of the NAT2 gene and the risk of developing prostate cancer in the Turkish population. Materials and methods: A total of 110 unrelated patients with prostate cancer were included in this case-control association study and constituted the study group. The control group also consisted of 150 unrelated but healthy men. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes of all patients and analyzed with a sensitive real-time PCR method. After melting curve analysis genotypes were identified for the NAT2*5A, NAT2*6A, and NAT2*7A/B polymorphisms. Results: Prostate cancer patients had a higher frequency of the mutant NAT2*6A (13.6% versus 4.0%, P = 0.009) and heterozygote NAT2*7A/B (20.9% versus 9.3%, P = 0.008) genotypes when compared with the controls. Conclusion: The NAT2*6A and NAT2*7A/B gene polymorphisms were significantly associated with prostate cancer in the Turkish population. Real-time PCR analysis of the NAT2 acetylator phenotype can therefore be used to recognize individuals with a high risk of developing prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer is a risk for men aged 40+ even if it is rarely seen among men under the age of 50. It is asymptomatic disease in its early period and if the person does not have an enlarged prostate it will be overlooked without screening. Consequently, the only way to diagnose prostate cancer in its early period is to determine the serum PSA (prostate-specific antigen) level of men aged 40+ and to do a digital rectal examination (DRE).The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of prostate cancer among men aged 40+, to mention the significance of DRE and PSA by means of a training to be done with the aid of a booklet about early diagnosis, and to encourage men to consult a doctor and get the right treatment at the right time.The research was a descriptive field study. carried out among 660 men aged 40+ out of 3,285 men who live in Osman Gazi Health Care District, connected with the Presidency of Training and Research Health Group of Bornova. This group was selected as the smallest sample size by the systematic sampling method within the frame of setting the prevalence of prostate cancer at 10%, the confidence interval as 95%, the standard error as 2%. A total of 264 men of the sample group (participation rate 40%) agreed to a survey of International Prostate Symptom Score (I-PSS) projected by the study, and underwent DRE and PSA with a blood sample.Increase in the serum PSA level (4 ng/mL) was determined in 10 men. Nodules were detected in 3 men together with the increase in PSA. One further nodule was detected only in DRE one examination of 12 participants. In the light of these data, it was decided to conduct a biopsy on 25 people, who had an increase in PSE and/or whose abnormalities were detected during DRE, in company with TRUS, and prostate cancer was detected in the biopsies of 5 people (1.89%).It can be thought that before a decision is made on routinizing prostate cancer screening, it may be more suitable to make randomized controlled screening trials for prostate cancer.

Ultrasonografî kılavuzluğunda yapılan prostat biyopsisi prostat kanseri tanısı için standart yöntemdir. Bu anketin amacı, Türkiye'deki üroloji uzmanları arasında ultrasonografî kılavuzluğunda yapılan prostat biyopsilerindeki hasta hazırlığı ve biyopsi teknikleriyle ilgili farklılıkların araştırılmasıdır. Temmuz 2004'te prostat biyopsi protokollerini sorgulamak amacıyla, Üroonkoloji Derneği Üyeleri'nin e-posta adresine bir anket formu gönderildi. Anket formundaki sorular çoktan seçmeli olup, prostat biyopsilerindeki hasta hazırlığı ve teknikleri sorguluyordu. Cevaplar yine aynı yolla toplandı ve değerlendirildi. Ankete 24 merkezden 32 üroloji uzmanı katıldı. Bu merkezlerde prostat biyopsileri sadece üroloji uzmanları (%54.16), üroloji ve radyoloji uzmanı beraber (%37.5) ve sadece radyoloji uzmanları (%8.33) tarafından yapılıyordu. Ultrasonografî kılavuzluğunda yapılan prostat biyopsileri büyük çoğunlukla transrektal yolla yapılıyordu. Merkezlerin %50'si biyopsi yapmak için PSA eşik değeri olarak 4 ng/ml'yi kullanıyordu. Biyopsi öncesi hazırlıkta bütün merkezler antibiyotik başlarken; yaklaşık yarısı bağırsak hazırlığı yapmaktaydı. Merkezlerin %37.5'i işlem sırasında analjezik kullanmazken; %29.1'i ağrıyı azaltmak için periprostatik sinir blokajı uyguluyordu. Üroloji uzmanlarının çoğu ilk biyopsilerde 10 veya 12 odaktan biyopsi alırken; %20.8'i rutin olarak transizyonel zon biyopsisi yapıyordu. Bu anket, Türkiye' deki üroloji uzmanları arasında ultrason kılavuzluğunda yapılan prostat biyopsilerinde hasta hazırlığı ve biyopsi teknikleriyle ilgili bir standardizasyon olmadığını ve bunun için bir kılavuz gerektiğini göstermektedir., Introduction: Ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy is the standard method for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. The aim of the present survey is to assess the variability in patient preparation and technique of ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy among Turkish Urologists. Materials and Methods: In July 2004, a questionnaire was sent out to e-mail addresses of the members of Urooncological Association, asking about the details of prostate biopsy protocol of the members. The survey consisted of multiple choice questions about the patient preparation and prostate biopsy technique. Responses were acquired via e-mail and analyzed in detail.Results: Thirty two urologists from 24 centers responded. The biopsy procedure was performed by the urologist only in 54.16% of the centers, both urologist and radiologist in 37.5%, and radiologist only in 8.33%. Transrectal route was the most common method for ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy. A half of the responders performed biopsy when PSA was greater than 4 ng/ml. All of the centers administered antibiotic and a half of them used enema before the procedure. Approximately 37% of responders did not administer any type of analgesia, but 29.1% of all responders administered a periprostatic nerve block for reducing painduring the procedure. Most urologists obtained 10 or 12 biopsy cores and only 20.8% of them obtained routine transitional zone biopsy during the initial biopsy session. Conclusion: This survey demonstrated that patient preparation and technique of ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy is not standardized among Turkish Urologists, and a guideline on prostate biopsy is needed.

Urakus karsinomu oldukça nadir bir tümördür. Mesane kanserlerinin % 0,17-0,34’ünü oluşturur. Bu grup tümörlerde histopatolojik tanıların çoğu adenokarsinomdur. 28 yaşında kadın hasta makroskobik hematüri şikayeti ile hastanemize başvurdu. Vezikoüreteral reflüye bağlı nonfonksiyonel böbrek nedeniyle sol nefrektomi öyküsü vardı. Ultrasonografi, bilgisayarlı tomografi ve sistoskopi tetkikleri sonrasında mesane kubbesinde tümöral oluşum saptandı. Transuretral rezeksiyon uygulandı. Histopatolojik inceleme sonrasında adenokarsinoma saptandı. Uzak metastaz taraması sonrasında radikal sistektomi ve üriner diversiyon operasyonu uygulandı. Urasil-tegafur ve karboplatin içeren kombinasyon şeması adjuvan tedavi olarak uygulandı. Olgu sunumu yapıldığı sırada, olgumuzun 9 aylık hastalıksız sağkalımı devam etmekteydi. Bu olgu sunumu, urakus tümörünün genç yaşta saptanması ve tanı anında uzak metastaz saptanmaması nedeni ile bildirilmiştir., Urachal carcinoma is an extremely rare tumor, comprising 0.17-0.34% of all bladder tumors. Most of the histhopathological diagnosis is adeno carcinoma in this group of tumour. A 28-year-old woman patient complaining of macrohematuria was admitted to our institute. She has a history of left nephrectomy because of vesicourethral reflux and nonfunctional kidney. Ultrasonography, computed tomography and cystoscopy demonstrated a tumor at the bladder dome. Transurethral resection was performed. Adenocarcinoma was determined at the hystopathologic examination of the specimen. After distant metastases scanning, radical systectomy and urinary diversion operation was performed. Uracil-tegafur and carboplatin combination regimen was administered as an adjuvan treatment. Patient is alive and disease free for 9 months when this case was reported. This case, because of younger age and lack of distant metastases at the time of the diagnosis, is being reported.

Çalışmamızda, mesanenin yüzeyel değişici epitel kanseri nedeniyle tedavi uygulanmış olguların izlemlerinde gelişebilecek nükslerin belirlenmesinde; idrar sitolojisi, idrar NMP22 testi ve idrar telomeraz düzeylerinin tek ya da birlikte kullanımlarının nüksü belirlemedeki yeterliliğinin sistoskopik bakıyla karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yüzeyel mesane tümörü tedavisi sonrasında nüks açısından izlenen 30 olgunun idrar örneklerinde NMP22 varlığı araştırılarak telomeraz düzeyi ölçüldü ve sitolojik değerlendirme yapıldı. Veriler özgünlük, duyarlılık testleri ve Spearman korelasyon testi ile değerlendirildi. Tanısal performans ROC eğrileriyle saptandı. NMP22 testinin nüksü saptamadaki duyarlılık ve özgünlük oranları sırasıyla %50 ve %94 olarak belirlendi. Özgünlük oranları telomeraz testi ve sitolojide daha yüksek olmakla birlikte, duyarlılık oranları sırasıyla %16 ve %8 düzeyine gerilemektedir. Korelasyon değerlendirmesinde; NMP22 testi sonuçlarının, sistoskopiyle korelasyonu istatistiksel anlamlı bulundu. Telomeraz testi ve sitoloji birlikte kullanıldığında elde edilen sonuçların sistoskopiyle uyumlu olmasına karşın, NMP22 testi sonuçlarıyla uyumluluk bulunmamaktadır. NMP22 testi, telomeraz testi ve sitolojinin tek başlarına kullanıldıklarında tanısal performans değerleri istatistiksel anlamlı değildir. Telomeraz testi ve sitolojinin birlikte kullanımının tanısal performansı anlamlı olmamakla beraber NMP22 testinin tanısal performansı, telomeraz ve sitoloji ile ikili ve üçlü kombine kullanımlarında istatistiksel anlamlı sonuçlar vermektedir. Tümör nüksünü tam yeterlilikte saptayabilecek bir test tanımlanana kadar tümör belirleyicilerin tanı aşamasında yol gösterici olarak kullanımı ve tedavi sonrası izlemde düzenli aralıklarla yapılacak sistoskopik bakının standart yöntem olarak tercih edilmesi akılcı olacaktır., Introduction: In this study we aimed to compare the effectiveness of single or combined use of urine cytology, urine NMP22 test and urine telomerase level assessment in estimating recurrence in patients treated for superficial transitional epithelial carcinoma of the bladder with cystoscopy. Materials and Methods: 30 patients with superficial bladder tumors treated and followed for recurrence were included in the study. Existence of NMP22, telomerase levels in urine was investigated. Additionally, cytological evaluation of urine was performed before cystoscopy. Specificity and sensitivity of the single or combined use of NMP22, urine telomerase level and cytology were determined. Diagnostic performance of the test results was evaluated by ROC curves and Spearman correlation test was performed. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of urine NMP22 levels in the detection of superficial bladder tumors recurrence were 50% and 94%, respectively. Although the specificity of urine telomerase assessment and cytology were the highest (%100), their sensitivities were 16% and 8%, respectively. The sensitivity of NMP22 test increased when combined with telomerase assay or cytology. However, no difference was detected in the specificity of NMP22 with any combinations. The sensitivity and specificity of triple combination of tests were 66% and 94%, respectively. Statistical correlation was detected between NMP22 and cystoscopy (p=0.008). The double or triple combinations of NMP22 test with telomerase test and cytology were also in correlation with tumor recurrence (p0.05). The diagnostic performance of double or triple combination of NMP22 with telomerase assessment or cytology NMP22 was statistically significant (p

Yayınlarda artan taş yükünün perkütan nefrolitotomi (PNL) tedavisinin başarısı ve istenmeyen yan etki oranlarına etkisini inceleyen çalışma sayısı oldukça azdır. Bu çalışmamızda, artan taş boyutunun PNL tedavisindeki başarı ve istenmeyen yan etki oranları üzerine olan etkisini inceledik. Retrospektif olarak 234 hastanın (234 PNL işlemi) verileri incelendi. Hastalar taş boyutuna göre iki gruba ayrıldı. Gruplar, taş boyutuna göre, tedavi başarısı, istenmeyen yan etki oranları, ek tedavi gereksinimleri, trakt sayısı, hematokrit düzeyindeki düşüş ve kan transfüzyonu gereksinimi açısından karşılaştırıldı. PNL için son taşsızlık oranı %87.1 ve istenmeyen yan etki oranı ise %34.6 olarak belirlendi. Artan taş boyutu ile taşsızlık oranları azalırken (p=0.001), istenmeyen yan etki oranlarının arttığı (p=0.0001) görüldü. Ortalama ameliyat süresi (p, Introduction: Studies reporting percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) outcomes in relation to stone burden are very limited in the literature. We therefore examined our data to analyze our stone-free rates and complication rates of PNL with regards to stone surface area. Materials and Methods: Data of 234 patients who underwent 234 PNL procedures were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were stratified with respect to stone burden into two groups. Groups were compared with respect to the success of therapy, complications, requirement of secondary procedures, number of tracts, drop in hematocrit level and blood transfusion requirement in relation to stone burden. Results: The overall stone-free rate for PNL was 78.6% with a complication rate of 34.6%. Stone-free rates decreased with increasing stone burden (p=0.001). The total number of complications rose with increasing stone surface area (p=0.0001). The mean operative time increased with increasing stone burden (p

Prostat kanseri, ileri yaştaki erkeklerde daha sık görülen önemli bir sağlık sorunudur. Metastatik prostat kanserinde standart tedavinin androjen ablasyonu olmasına rağmen, olguların önemli bir bölümünde zamanla tedaviye direnç gelişecektir. Bu hastalarda etkin bir tedavi yöntemi ise bulunmamaktadır. Bu nedenle tedaviye direnç gelişiminin önlenebilmesi için prostat kanser hücrelerinde oluşan değişimin belirlenmesi zorunludur. Androjenler prostat bezinin gelişiminde önemlidir ve prostat kanserinin tedavisinde androjen ablasyonu ve reseptör blokajı etkin yöntemlerdir. Bundan dolayı, hormonal tedavilere direnç gelişimde androjen reseptörlerinin rol oynaması kaçınılmazdır. Yine de prostat kanseri gibi heterojen bir hastalık söz konusu olduğunda hastalığın seyrini etkileyebilecek birden fazla mekanizmanın araştırılmasında yarar vardır., Introduction: Prostate neoplasm is an important health problem, which is especially common in older age men. Although the standard treatment of metastatic prostate neoplasm is androgen ablation, the resistance to the treatment will develop in most of the patients, in time. There is no efficient treatment modality for these patients. It is required to determine the changes in prostate cancer cells to prevent the development of treatment resistance. Androgens are important in prostate development, and the androgen ablation and receptor blockade are effective treatment modalities in prostate cancer. For these reasons, it is inevitable for androgen receptors to play a role in the development of resistance to hormonal treatment. Since prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease, it is necessary to investigate the different mechanisms which may have a role in e disease progression.

Objective: Although Partin tables were developed in United States to predict the stage of prostate cancer preoperatively, they are used by many clinics throughout the world assuming that these figures apply to their population as well. However the predictive value of current Partin tables, which was updated in 2001, has not been validated in most of the countries as well as in Turkey. Therefore, we evaluated the validity of 2001 Partin tables, for the ability to predict the pathological stage in Turkish patients. Patients and Methods: The clinical and pathological findings of 1043 patients who have had radical prostatectomy were assessed. Serum PSA values, clinical stage, biopsy Gleason score and the pathological features of the radical prostatectomy specimens were collected from each clinic and evaluated. The predictive value of Partin nomogram and pathological findings of prostatectomy specimens were compared and analyzed according to Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis. Results: Median age of the patients was 60 (45–74). In the presented study, percentage of patients with clinical stage T1c was 43%. Patients with Gleason score of 2–4 in biopsy constituted 23.4% of the study group. In the present study, the ratio of the patients with serum PSA higher than 10ng/ml was 39.6%. Organ confined disease, seminal vesicle involvement, lymph node metastases ratios were 64.7%, 10.3%, 1.8% respectively. Area Under Curve (AUC) values for organ confined disease, seminal vesicle involvement and lymph node involvement were calculated as 0.665, 0.733 and 0.759 respectively. Conclusion: It appears that Partin tables have a reasonable predictive value for the final pathological features like organ confined disease, seminal vesicle and lymph node involvement in Turkish patients. This multicenter study showed that current Partin tables could also be used in Turkish patients with comparable accuracy.