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Objective This study aims to evaluate the effects of FFP2/N95 face mask use on oxygen saturation (SpO2), macula, and optic disc vessel density through optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in healthcare workers. Material and Method A total of 38 eyes from 19 volunteer healthcare workers were included in the study. Complete ophthalmic examinations were performed. Finger-type pulse oximetry measurements were used to assess the oxygen saturation also and Angiovue OCTA used for vascular density measurements before and after 4 hours of continuous N95 mask wear. Participants were instructed not to remove their masks during this period. Macular and optic disc vessel densities were evaluated using OCTA before and immediately after mask application and removal. Results Of the 19 participants, 15 were female and 4 were male. The mean age was 36,64 ± 9,3 years. The Snellen-Corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in all eyes, and intraocular pressure measurements were within normal limits. Oxygen saturation was 97,94% ± 0,8 before N95 mask wear, and 96,14% ± 1,8 after four hours of mask application. Significant increase in central macular thickness (CMT) (p<0,001), and significant decrease in parafoveal vessel densities in the superficial plexus and choriocapillaris in the fovea (p<0,05) were observed after mask usage. Significant increase in vessel densities of the superior and inferior radial peripapillary capillary plexus (RPC) was found after mask usage (p<0,05). Conclusion Oxygen saturation decreases after N95 mask usage. Vascular reactivity between the retina and choroid changes in response to increased CO2 levels and decreased O2 levels after mask usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the results of ultrasonic pachymetry (UP) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) for central corneal thickness measurement in healthy individuals in the general population. Materials and Methods: We measured the central corneal thicknesses of the right eyes of 60 healthy subjects consecutively with ultrasonic pachymetry (Sonomed 300P PacScan) and optical coherence tomography (SD-Nidek RS-3000 Advance). Ultrasonic pachymetry measurement results were specified as group UP and optical coherence tomography measurement results as group OCT and the compared with each other. The t test and the Bland-Altman plot were used as the statistical methods. Results: The study was conducted on 60 subjects consisting of 33 (55%) males and 27 (45%) females. The mean age was 36.7±15.8 (10-76) years for all subjects, 37.4±13.9 (16-76) years for the males and 35.9±18.1 (10-68) for the females. Mean UP measurement for all subjects was 544±33.6 µm (467-616) while the mean OCT measurement was 533.9±30 µm (457-600). The difference between the results was statistically significant (p=0.001) with mean OCT measurements 10.1 µm lower than mean UP measurements. There was a high degree of agreement between the two methods with the Bland-Altman plot. Conclusion: Mean central corneal thickness measurements with optical coherence tomography were approximately 10 µm lower than ultrasonic pachymetry measurements. Further studies on larger series are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy on axial length (AL), refraction, keratometry (K), white to white distance (WTW), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and pupil diameter. Materials and Methods: We included pseudophakic patients with posterior capsule opacification complaining of decreased visual acuity, glare, or decreased contrast sensitivity who consecutively came to our clinic. All cases underwent Nd:YAG laser (Ellex Super Q, Adelaide, Australia) capsulotomy. The measurements were performed before and one week after the Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy using a Scheimpflug imaging system (Nidek Optical biometer AL-Scan, Gamagori, Japan). Results: Thirty one eyes of 22 pseudophakic patients with clinically significant posterior capsule opacification were enrolled in the study. The mean pupil diameter was 5.47±1.18 mm before and 4.55±1.35 mm after Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy. There was a statistically significant change in pupil diameter (p=0,001). The average keratometric parameter K1 values before and after capsulotomy were 42.67±2.80 D and 42.54±2.81 D respectively. This difference was statistically significant (p=0.040). The changes in AL, spherical and cylindrical powers, K2, mean K, WTW, CCT and ACD were not found statistically significant (p=0.247, p=0.484, p=0.686, p=0.769, p=0.085, p=0.138, p=0.171 and p=0.891 respectively). Conclusion: We found no statistically significant change in AL, ACD, CCT, mean K, K2, WTW, spherical and cylindrical powers after Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy. However, we found a statistically significant change in K1 and pupil diameter in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 30-year-old female patient presented at our clinic suffering from decreasing vision in the left eye for the last 2 weeks. According to the patient file, she had been started on chemotherapy six months ago due to a diagnosis of stage 4 peripheral T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. There was common vascular sheathing with an appearance of typical frosted branch angiitis and white retinal lesions related to retinal hemorrhages in the right eye on fundoscopic examination. The left retina was hazy on fundoscopic examination but exudative lesions were observed around the optic disc and macula and on the peripheral retina. HIV and CMV IgM tests were negative on serological tests, but the CMV IgG test was positive. CMV retinitis was diagnosed and intravenous ganciclovir administered as the treatment. Ganciclovir was stopped after 4 months, but CMV retinitis recurred in both eyes two weeks later. The patient was transferred to the hematology service as he was in poor general condition but later passed away. In conclusion, we recommend at least six months ganciclovir therapy for such cases to prevent the recurrence of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) findings in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Twenty-eight eyes of 28 patients with SLE and 27 eyes of 27 age and sex matched healthy controls were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The vessel densities in the macula and optic disc were evaluated using the OCT-A (Optovue, Inc., Freemont, CA). Foveal retinal thickness, retinal vascular density in superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus, and choriocapillaris, foveal avascular zone (FAZ), acircularity index, foveal vessel density (FD), and non-flow area in the superficial retina, the capillary and all-vessels density in the peripapillary area and the inside-disc area were automatically measured using Angiovue software of OCT-A and compared between the groups. The foveal, parafoveal and perifoveal retinal vessel densities in the superficial and deep capillary plexus and choriocapillaris were similar between groups. FAZ area, FAZ perimetry, acirculatory index, FD and non-flow area did not show a statistically significant difference. The vessel density in the inside disc area was significantly lower in patients with SLE (46.3 ± 3.8%) compared to the control group (49.1 ± 4.8%) (P = .02). Our results demonstrate significant decrement in vessel density in the inside-disc area in patients with SLE. The lower vessel density measurement in the inside-disc area might be associated with early neurologic vascular impairment in SLE. Further studies are required to determine the clinical relevance of this finding., Competing Interests: The authors have no funding and conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)