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Abstract The objective of this work was to verify if there is variability in the dry matter accumulation rate of grains of the carioca-type common bean, as well as to identify the success of selection for this trait and the best time for harvest. Sixteen lines with carioca-type grains were evaluated in three sowing seasons through samples of five plants obtained at regular intervals. A quadratic equation was used to estimate the number of days to obtain the maximum dry matter in the grains. A low variability was observed among the lines, discouraging selection for this trait. The ideal moment for harvesting is when 100% of the grains present the typical stripes of carioca common bean, which may vary among and within pods of the same plant. If the harvest is carried out before complete physiological maturation is reached, the dry matter in the grains decreases, on average, 2.75% per day.

In Brazil, there is an increasing demand for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars having Carioca-type (cream-colored seed coat with brown stripes) beans which have a light color that persists for a longer time combined with the most possible upright plant architecture. However, plant breeders are finding it difficult to combine these two traits in the same cultivar. The aim of this study was to compare success in the selection of new common bean lines that combine the two traits in segregating populations with 25%, 50%, or 75% of the alleles from the parents contrasting in upright plant architecture or in bean grains with persistent light color. A biparental cross was performed between a parent with light-colored beans (P1) and another with upright plants (P2). Three populations were obtained from the F1 seeds, with allelic frequencies of 75%, 50%, and 25% of P1. Subsequently, progenies were evaluated in a similar number in each population in the F2:3, F2:4, F2:5, and F2:6 generations. The plant architecture (PA) and grain darkening (GD) traits were visually evaluated using a scoring scale. Genetic and phenotypic parameters were estimated for all generations. There was no expressive advantage in using populations with a greater allele proportion of the parent favorable to upright plant architecture or slow grain darkening either in releasing of variability or in the occurrence of progenies with favorable phenotypes for the two traits.

ABSTRACT The angular leaf spot (ALS), caused by the fungus Pseudocercospora griseola, is one of the most notable diseases of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). The most effective strategy to control ALS is quantitative disease resistance provided by major and minor genes. One breeding strategy for obtaining lines with durable resistance to P. griseola is a recurrent selection that aims to gradually assemble favorable alleles. In this study, common beans were artificially inoculated with P. griseola and grown in a greenhouse under a recurrent selection program that aims to accelerate the breeding cycle and assimilate resistant conferring genes per generation. From the initial population, three cycles of evaluation, selection, and intercross were carried out in a greenhouse and the most resistant plants were phenotypically selected. Plants at the V2 stage were inoculated with an isolate of P. griseola, race 63-63. Selected plants were transplanted into pots and intercrossed to reap the next cycle of selection. Progenies obtained from the base population (C0) and subsequent cycles (CI, CII, and CIII) were assessed for the degree of the symptoms for ALS under greenhouse and field conditions. The rate of genetic progress per breeding cycle was - 14.8% and - 5.3% for the plants grown in greenhouse and field, respectively. Artificial inoculation with P. griseola allowed three recurrent selection cycles per year, signifying a promising method to obtain ALS-resistant common bean lines in a short period.

ABSTRACT: Phenotyping for severity of angular leaf spot (ALS) in common bean is important to identify new sources of resistance and select progenies in conventional and molecular marker-assisted breeding. In this study, three phenotyping methods for ALS severity were assessed and its implications in breeding for resistance to Pseudocercospora griseola are discussed. Reaction of 144 common bean lines to P. griseola was evaluated. Three different experiments were conducted in the greenhouse (V2 and V3 stages) and in the field. Common bean lines were inoculated with a mixture of spores of pathogen races 63-63 and 63-23. We observed that 31 %, 7 % and 10 % of lines were resistant in stages V2, V3 and in the field, respectively. Estimates of coincidence index V2-V3, V2-field and V3-field were 68 %, 69 % and 88 %, respectively. Evaluations in V3 stage and in the field were the phenotyping methods more efficient for ALS severity. However, evaluation in V3 stage is impracticable to assess routinely many genotypes in breeding programs. Evaluation in V2 stage may be used to carry out a first screening, especially in the early stages of breeding programs. Moreover, this methodology may be used in association with evaluation of plants in the field to increase genetic gain.

The methodology available for evaluating the cooking quality of dry beans is impractical for assessing a large number of progenies. The aims of this study were to propose a new strategy for evaluating cooking quality of grains and to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters using a selection index. A total of 256 progenies of the 13thcycle of a recurrent selection program were evaluated at three locations for yield, grain type, and cooked grains. Samples of grains from each progeny were placing in a cooker and the percentage of cooked grains was assessed. The new strategy for evaluating cooking quality was efficient because it allowed a nine-fold increase in the number of progenies evaluated per unit time in comparison to available methods. The absence of association between grain yield and percentage of cooked grains or grain type indicated that it is possible to select high yielding lines with excellent grain aspect and good cooking properties using a selection index.

The common bean cultivar with carioca grain type, BRSMG Uai, is recommended for cultivation in Minas Gerais and stands out for its upright plant architecture, which facilitates cultivation and mechanical harvesting. This cultivar has high yield potential and is resistant to the major races of anthracnose that occur in region.

BRS Ártico is a common bean cultivar with white grains with international standard size (62 g per 100 seeds), appropriate for cultivation in the Central region of Brazil and the state of Paraná. The cycle is semi-early, the yield potential 2677 kg ha-1 and BRS Ártico has moderate resistance to rust and curtobacterium wilt.

It is questionable if early selection for resistance to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum reduces the efficiency of selection for grain yield in common beans. For this, it was used the segregating population of the cross between two common bean lines: CI107 (susceptible) x BRSMG Madrepérola (resistant). Selection for resistance was carried out in F2 and F3 , obtaining three types of progenies: not selected (A), selected only in F2 (B), and selected in F2 andF3 (C). The progenies obtained were evaluated for grain yield and pathogen occurrence in experiments. In F3:5, it was used 289 treatments (96 progenies A, 96 B, 95 C and 2 checks (T)); in F3:6, 196 treatments (64 A, 64 B, 64 C and 4 T); in F3:7, 81 treatments (26 A, 26 B, 26 C and 3 T). Selection of plants resistant to anthracnose in early generations increases the successful selection for grain yield in later generations.

A common bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) cultivar must combine desirable genotypes for several traits in order to be accepted by producers and consumers. This study aimed to evaluate selection efficiency when segregating bean populations for traits, by means of a selection index, in order to obtain superior progenies for traits considered. A total of 16 populations from the F4 and F5generations were evaluated in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The traits evaluated were plant architecture, plant disease, grain type and yield. Using standard scores (Z), the sum of the four traits (∑Z) was obtained and, based on this information, the best populations were identified. The evaluation of selection effectiveness was performed on 31 progenies from each population. The 496 progenies plus eight controls were evaluated in the F5:6and F5:7 generations for the same traits in July and November 2012, respectively. The selection, using the index based on the sum of standardized variables (∑Z), was efficient for identifying populations with superior progenies for all the traits considered.

Grain productivities of 100 bean lines were evaluated in the presence and absence of nitrogen fertilizer in order to identify those with high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and to determine the correlated response observed in a stressed environment following selection in a non-stressed environment. The genetic and phenotypic characteristics of the lines, as well as the response index to applied nitrogen, were determined. The average grain productivities at both locations were 39.5% higher in the presence of nitrogen fertilizer, with 8.3 kg of grain being produced per kg of nitrogen applied. NUE varied greatly between lines. Lines BP-16, CVII-85-11, BP-24, Ouro Negro and MA-IV-15-203 were the most efficient and responsive. The results showed that it is possible to select bean lines in stressed and non-stressed environments. It was inferred that common bean lines for environments with low nitrogen availability should preferably be selected under nitrogen stress.

The aim of this study was to estimate the relative contribution of predictable and unpredictable environmental variations to the lines x environments interaction and verify if it is possible to reduce the number of evaluation environments of the Value for Cultivation and Use Trials (VCU) conducted in Minas Gerais, Brazil. We used grain yield data from 166 VCU trials of common bean conducted in the state from 2002 to 2012. Individual and joint analyses of variance of the environments were carried out for each twoyear period and the contribution of each source of variation to total variation was estimated. Subsequently, ecovalence was used, and joint analyses of variance were made considering different numbers of environments by means of resampling. The source of variation that most contributes to the interaction is location. Reduction in the number of environments in the VCU trials is not a good strategy for recommendation of cultivars in Minas Gerais.

Plant with a more upright architecture offers many advantages to farmers. Recurrent mass selection (RS) programs for carioca type common bean have been implemented for the purpose of obtaining new lines that will generate the high yields that are associated with upright plant archi tecture. This study aimed to assess the efficiency of recurrent mass selection (RS) for upright plant architecture in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and the effect of RS on grain yield and to verify whether or not there is still variability in the population that favors continuing selection programs, using information obtained from progenies evaluated in cycle five (CV) and cycle eight (CVIII) of the RS program. Mass selection for more upright plants was performed visually in the "S0" generation before flowering. Progenies S and Swere evaluated in 2009 (CV) and 2011 (CVIII). Heritability (h²;) and RS progress were estimated using adjusted means. After eight selection cycles, the population subjected to RS still had enough genetic variability to achieve continued success through recurrent selection. The RS progress was 1.62 % per cycle for the growth habit scores and 6.81 % for grain yiel.

The common bean cultivar “BRSMG Realce”, recommended for the state of Minas Gerais, has high yield potential and resistance to powdery mildew, bacterial wilt and to anthracnose pathotypes 65, 73, 77, 81, 91, 475 and 479. The plants and pods are high, resulting in lower loss during mechanical harvest

The objective of this work was to estimate the repeatability of adaptability and stability parameters of common bean between years, within each biennium from 2003 to 2012, in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Grain yield data from trials of value for cultivation and use common bean were analyzed. Grain yield, ecovalence, regression coefficient, and coefficient of determination were estimated considering location and sowing season per year, within each biennium. Subsequently, a analysis of variance these estimates was carried out, and repeatability was estimated in the biennia. Repeatability estimate for grain yield in most of the biennia was relatively high, but for ecovalence and regression coefficient it was null or of small magnitude, which indicates that confidence on identification of common bean lines for recommendation is greater when using means of yield, instead of stability parameters.

The occurrence of precipitation / rain in harvest bean causes damage to the product and reduces the yield. The main alternative to mitigate this problem is to obtain cultivars presenting low germination of beans in the pods under conditions of high moisture. The purpose of this study was to verify if there is genetic variability among the common bean inbred lines that are in the phase of recommendation for the South of Minas Gerais, Brazil in regard to tolerance to moisture after harvest, and identify traits that may be routinely used in selection of tolerant lines to these conditions. Ninety-five lines in the phase of recommendation by the Genetic Breeding Program from UFLA were used. After harvest, a sample of plants from each plot was removed for assessments of seed germination in the pods in a moist chamber and water absorption by pod and seed. Eight days after harvest, another sample was removed to assess seed appearance using a scoring scale. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and estimates of the Pearson phenotypic correlations were obtained among traits. Lines differ in relation to tolerance to moisture at the time of harvest, with those of higher tolerance having lighter colored seeds. The main difficulty in selection of common bean lines for tolerance to high moisture at harvest is the repeatability of the environmental conditions among crop seasons. The alternative is assessing the amount of water absorbed by pods.A ocorrência de precipitação / chuva na colheita do feijão comum provoca danos ao produto e reduz o rendimento. A principal alternativa para mitigar este problema é a obtenção de cultivares com baixa germinação de grãos nas vagens em condições de alta umidade. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se vrificar se há variabilidade genética entre as linhagens do feijoeiro que estão em fase de recomendação para o Sul de Minas Gerais quanto à tolerância à umidade após a colheita e identificar caracteres que possam ser utilizados rotineiramente na seleção de linhagens tolerantes a essas condições. Utilizaram-se 95 linhagens em fase de recomendação pelo Programa de Melhoramento Genético da UFLA. Após a colheita, uma amostra de plantas de cada parcela foi retirada para avaliações de germinação dos grãos nas vagens em câmara de nebulização e absorção de água pela vagem e pelo grão. Oito dias após o arranquio foi retirada outra amostra para avaliar o aspecto do grão utilizando escala de notas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e obtidas as estimativas das correlações fenotípicas de Pearson entre os caracteres dois a dois. As linhagens diferem com relação à tolerância à umidade no momento da colheita, sendo que as de maior tolerância apresentam grãos mais claros. A principal dificuldade na seleção de linhagens de feijoeiro comum para a tolerância a alta umidade na colheita é a repetibilidade das condições ambientais entre as safras. A alternativa é avaliar a quantidade de água absorvida pelas vagens.

BRS Esteio is a common bean cultivar with black grains of excellent cooking quality, suited for cultivation in 21 BrazilianStates. In 77 trials of Value for Cultivation and Use, the cultivar had a normal cycle (90 days), an average yield of 2,529 kg ha-1,which is 8.1% higher than that of the control cultivars, a high yield potential (4,702 kg ha-1), upright growth, tolerance to lodging,and moderate resistance to anthracnose.

The bean cultivar BRSMG União as a new option of a bean cultivar with jalo grains for the state of Minas Gerais. The cultivar BRSMG União had an average grain yield of 9.8% above the mean of the controls (Jalo EEP 558 and BRS Radiante) and was resistant to powdery-mildew.

BRS Ametista is a common bean cultivar with Carioca grain and yields similar to cultivar Pérola, but with larger grain size, resistance to anthracnose and Fusarium wilt. It is recommended for 18 states in all regions of Brazil and can be planted on over 95% of the area used for common bean in the country.

BRS Notável is a common bean cultivar with carioca grain, suitable for cultivation in 20 Brazilian states. It is a mediumearly-maturing cultivar, with an average yield of 2,261 kg ha-1, 8.5% higher than the controls, a high yield potential (4,472 kg ha-1), lodging tolerance and resistance to anthracnose, fusarium wilt, common bacterial blight, and curtobacterium wilt.

In order to facilitate commercialization of cultivars of carioca type dry beans, the grains must have the lightest possible cream color and this phenotype must be persistent (late seed-coat darkening). There are reports of genetic variability for this trait. The objectives of this study were to obtain information regarding genetic control of the trait, with emphasis on the estimate of heritability and if it varies according to days after harvest, to verify the effect of locations and/or crop season on seed-coat darkening of the grains and to estimate the genetic and phenotypic correlations of the trait with cooking time, tannin content and grain yield. F2:3 and F2:4 progenies derived from crossing of the cultivar BRSMG Madrepérola (late seed-coat darkening) and the line RP-2 (early seed-coat darkening) were used. It is concluded that seed-coat darkening is influenced by the environment, crop season or locations; nevertheless, the interaction progenies x environments and progenies x locations is predominantly simple, not expressively changing classification of the progenies. Although the heritability of the darkening scores tends to increase with the storage time of the grain, the interaction progenies x time periods of assessment was not observed. Grains with late seed-coat darkening present a lower tannin content and require less cooking time. The genetic correlation between a dark seed-coat and grain yield was practically null.Para facilitar a comercialização das cultivares de feijão carioca, estas devem possuir cor creme dos grãos o mais claro possível e esse fenótipo deve ser persistente (escurecimento tardio). Há relatos de variabilidade genética para esse caráter. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram obter informações sobre o controle genético do caráter, com ênfase na estimativa da herdabilidade e se ela varia com os dias após a colheita, verificar o efeito de locais e/ou safras sobre o escurecimento dos grãos e estimar as correlações genéticas e fenotípicas do caráter com o tempo de cozimento, teor de tanino e produtividade de grãos. Para isso foram utilizadas progênies F2:3 e F2:4 derivadas do cruzamento entre a cultivar BRSMG Madrepérola (escurecimento tardio) e a linhagem RP-2 (escurecimento precoce). Concluiu-se que o escurecimento é influenciado pelo ambiente, safras ou locais; contudo a interação progênies x ambientes e progênies x gerações é predominantemente simples, não alterando expressivamente a classificação das progênies. Embora a herdabilidade das notas de escurecimento tenha tendência de aumentar com o tempo de armazenagem dos grãos, não foi constatada interação progênies x épocas de avaliação. Grãos com escurecimento tardio possuem menor teor de tanino e exigem menor tempo de cocção. A correlação genética entre escurecimento e produtividade de grãos foi praticamente nula.

This study aimed to quantify the levels of protein and minerals in common bean lines from the Germplasm Bank of Universidade Federal de Lavras and to investigate the relationship between color and the mineral and protein contents of the beans. One hundred common bean lines with carioca, black and other grain color patterns were assessed for the protein levels and the mineral contents of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper, manganese, zinc, and iron. Genetic variability was detected among the different groups and also between lines within each group. In general, the protein, iron and zinc contents were highest in the black bean lines. The carioca grain was outstanding for manganese and magnesium and the other grain colors for calcium. Positive correlations between most nutrients were observed. This indicates the possibility of obtaining lines with higher nutritional value by selection.

Information about genetic control of plant reaction to pathogens is essential in plant breeding programs focusing resistance. This study aimed to obtain information about genetic control of the angular leaf spot reaction in leaves and pods from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) line ESAL 686. This line was crossed with cultivars Jalo EEP 558 (resistant), Cornell 49-242 (resistant) and Carioca MG (susceptible). Generations F1, F2 and backcrosses (BC11 and BC21) were obtained. In the dry season (2009), parents and respective populations were evaluated for angular leaf spot reaction under field conditions. Disease severity was evaluated on leaves and pods using diagrammatic scales. Severity scores were obtained and mean and variance genetic components were estimated for both. Segregation of F2 generation was analyzed for some crosses. Different genes control angular leaf spot reaction in leaves and pods. Mean and variance components showed predominance of additive effects. Heritability was high, however, was greater on pods than on leaves which indicated that leaf reaction is more influenced by the environment.

Entre os patógenos que mais contribuem para a redução da produtividade do feijoeiro no Brasil está o Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli. O emprego de cultivares resistentes é o controle mais eficaz para esse patógeno. Conduziu-se este trabalho, com o objetivo de avaliar linhagens de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) do banco de germoplasma da Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), quanto a reação ao Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli e, ao mesmo tempo, estimar os parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos que possam auxiliar em futuros programas de melhoramento para esse caráter. Foram avaliadas 367 linhagens em dez experimentos. As testemunhas 'Carioca' (suscetível) e 'Carioca MG' (resistente) foram utilizadas em todos os experimentos. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco repetições e parcelas de uma planta por vaso. As inoculações foram realizadas segundo a metodologia de corte e imersão de raízes na suspensão de esporos do fungo e as avaliações realizadas aos 21 dias após a inoculação com base no índice de severidade da doença empregando-se notas de 1 (plantas sem sintomas) a 9 (plantas mortas).Das linhagens do banco de germoplasma da Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA) avaliadas, 36,5% foram resistentes ao Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli. Entre as resistentes, a maioria foi linhagens obtidas antes de 1990. Das 18 linhagens dos experimentos de VCU, do período de 2005/06, apenas quatro foram suscetíveis. A estimativa da herdabilidade (h²) foi elevada (h² = 87%), indicando que, a princípio, o caráter é de fácil seleção.Among the pathogens that most contribute for reducing the productivity of beans in Brazil is the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli. The use of resistant cultivars is the most effective control for this pathogen. The aim of this study was to evaluate germoplasm bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) lines of the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA) as the reaction to the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli and at the same time, to estimate the genetic and phenotypic parameters that could help in future programs of improvement for this character. Three hundred and sixty seven lines were evaluated in ten experiments. The controls' Carioca'(susceptible) and 'Carioca MG'(resistant) were used in all experiments. The experimental design used was a entirely randomized one, with five replicates and plots of one plant per pot. The inoculations were carried out following the method of cutting and dumping of roots in the suspension of spores of the fungus and the assessments conducted at 21 days after inoculation based on the index of severity of the disease employing up notes of 1 (plants without symptoms) to 9 (dead plants). Among the lines of germoplasm bank of the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA) assessed, 36.5% were resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli. Among the resistance, most of the lines were obtained before 1990: out of the 18 lines of the experiments of VCU evaluated in 2005/06, only four were susceptible. The estimate of heritability (h²) was high (h² = 87%), indicating that, in principle, the character is of easy selection.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a eficiência do sistema de nove covas na avaliação de progênies de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris) tipo carioca quanto à arquitetura da planta. Foram avaliadas 97 progênies nas gerações F2:3 e F2:4, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com 20 repetições e nove plantas por parcela, em que a planta central foi avaliada, e as oito vizinhas foram consideradas conjuntamente como controle. Avaliaram-se os caracteres: produção de grãos por planta, porte e acamamento. O índice de seleção conjunta, para as três características (Zij), foi obtido pelo somatório dos valores padronizados por parcela. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e, a partir das esperanças dos quadrados médios, foram estimados os componentes de variância. É possível identificar plantas mais eretas em populações segregantes do feijoeiro, utilizando-se o sistema de nove covas. Este sistema possibilita a obtenção de elevadas estimativas de acurácia experimental e herdabilidade.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar as implicações da origem de linhagens de feijão na magnitude da interação com ambientes e os fatores ambientais que mais contribuem para esta interação. Foram utilizados dados dos experimentos de valor de cultivo e uso, conduzidos em Lavras e Viçosa, MG, nos biênios 2002/2003, 2005/2006 e 2007/2008, nas safras de cultivo das águas, seca e inverno. Foram avaliadas linhagens da Universidade Federal de Lavras, da Universidade Federal de Viçosa e da Embrapa. Os dados de produtividade de grãos foram submetidos a análises de variância por ambiente e análises conjuntas por biênio, para cada local e para os dois locais em conjunto. Foram estimados os coeficientes de determinação de cada fonte de variação, e foram realizadas análises de estabilidade por meio das estimativas de ecovalência. As interações que envolveram as linhagens tiveram pequena participação na variação total nos três biênios. Apesar de ter havido significância das interações genótipo x local quanto à variação total, sua magnitude não foi expressiva. O local de origem não influencia a estabilidade das linhagens quando as suas condições ambientais são semelhantes às do local de cultivo, mas interfere no desempenho das linhagens quando as condições ambientais são muito diferentes.

Objetivou-se, com este trabalho estimar a variabilidade genética para os caracteres relacionados com a velocidade de germinação e a capacidade das plantas em cobrir rapidamente o solo. Foram utilizadas sementes de 94 linhagens do banco de germoplasma de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) da Universidade Federal de Lavras, que diferiam em vários caracteres, tais como, cor, tamanho e formato das sementes. Foram realizados dois experimentos para avaliação das linhagens. O primeiro foi aos 120 dias e o segundo aos 360 dias após o início do armazenamento (em temperatura e umidade ambientes e sob baixa luminosidade). Foram obtidos as porcentagens de germinação (%G), o índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE) e a matéria seca (MS). As variáveis foram padronizadas e obtido o somatório do IVE + MS. Foram obtidas as correlações fenotípica, genética e ambiental entre todos os caracteres e estimaram-se o ganho esperado com a seleção e a resposta correlacionada. Tanto a %G, quanto o IVE tiveram seus valores reduzidos na avaliação aos 360 dias após o armazenamento das sementes, em comparação com a avaliação realizada aos 120 dias. Foi possível obter ganho com a seleção, para maiores %G, IVE e MS. O maior ganho foi obtido no primeiro experimento. Entre as linhagens avaliadas há variabilidade suficiente para se proceder à seleção com relação à germinação e emergência. As linhagens JALO EEP 558, PI-103 e CVII 39-24 foram identificadas como as melhores em relação à germinação e emergência e as linhagens RP-2, BP-34 e ESAL 569 foram as que apresentaram menor vigor.The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic variability for characters related with the germination rate and the capacity of the plants to occupy the ground quickly. Ninety four lines from the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) germoplasm from the Universidade Federal de Lavras, differing in several characters as color, size and shape of the seeds were used. Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the bean lines. The first was conducted at 120 days and the second 360 days after the beginning of storage (room temperature and humidity and under low light). Percentage of germination (%G), emergency speed rate (ESR) and dry matter (DM) were obtained. The variables were standardized and obtained the sum of the ESR + DM. Phenotypic, genetic and environmental correlations between all the characters were obtained and the expected gain was estimated with the selection and correlated response. Both the G% and ESR presented reduced levels in the evaluation at 360 days after seed storage in comparison with the evaluation at 120 days. It was possible to obtain the gain with the selection, for higher %G, ESR and DM. The higher gain was obtained in the first experiment. Among the lines evaluated, there are genetic sufficient variability to proceed the selection for germination and emergence. The lines JALO EEP 558, PI-103 and CVII 39-24 were identified as the best for germination and emergence and the lines RP-2, BP-34 and ESAL 569 were those with smaller vigor.

Aiming to obtain information concerning the genetic control of the resistance of the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, six crosses involving three resistant lines (Carioca MG, Esal 583 and Esal 566) and four susceptible to the fungus (Carioca, CNFC 10443, Uirapuru and Esal 522) were developed. The parental lines, the controls (Carioca MG and Carioca) and the F1, F2 and F3 generations were evaluated for reaction to Fusarium. For inoculation, root cuttings were immersed in a spore suspension. The evaluations were performed at 21 days after inoculation, by scale of notes ranging from 1.0, to 9.0 and genetic and phenotypic parameters were estimated. The heritability in the narrow sense ranged from 0.34 to 0.42 and in the broad sense of 0.76 to 0.97, showing that selection should be easy, since efficient inoculation and selection methods are used. The average degree of dominance was around 1.0 indicating the presence of dominance in the control of the character, although additive effects are also expressive.Com o objetivo de obter informações a respeito do controle genético da resistência do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) ao fungo Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, foram realizados seis cruzamentos envolvendo três linhagens resistentes (Carioca MG, ESAL 583 e ESAL 566) e quatro suscetíveis ao fungo (Carioca, CNFC 10443, Uirapuru e ESAL 522). As plantas dos genitores, das testemunhas (Carioca MG e Carioca) e das gerações F1, F2 e F3 foram avaliadas quanto à reação à murcha-de-fusarium utilizando a metodologia de inoculação de imersão de raízes na suspensão de esporos, com o corte do sistema radicular. As avaliações foram realizadas aos 21 dias após a inoculação, por meio de escala de notas variando de 1,0 (plantas sem sintomas) a 9,0 (plantas mortas). Com os dados obtidos, foram estimados parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos. A herdabilidade no sentido restrito variou de 0,34 a 0,42 e no sentido amplo de 0,76 a 0,97, podendo considerar o caráter como de fácil seleção, desde que se adotem critérios eficientes de inoculação e avaliação das plantas. O grau médio de dominância foi próximo de 1,0 evidenciando a presença de dominância no controle do caráter, embora a presença de efeitos aditivos também seja expressiva.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar se progênies de feijoeiro de porte ereto e prostrado de um mesmo grupo gênico apresentam o mesmo potencial produtivo. Realizaram-se cruzamentos entre uma cultivar de porte prostrado e três de porte ereto, e foram obtidas três populações até a geração F5, quando foi realizada a seleção de plantas eretas e prostradas de cada população. Essas plantas foram avaliadas em experimentos distintos. Nas gerações F5:6 F5:7 e F5:8, foram avaliados o porte da planta, com notas de 1 (ereta) a 9 (prostrada), e a produtividade de grãos. Foram estimados os ganhos esperados quanto à seleção para porte e a resposta correlacionada à produtividade de grãos, além dos ganhos quanto à seleção para produtividade de grãos e a resposta correlacionada ao porte. A correlação entre melhor porte e produtividade de grãos foi pequena e negativa. É possível selecionar progênies de feijoeiro, simultaneamente, para obtenção de maior produtividade e de melhor arquitetura.The objective of this work was to evaluate if progenies with erect and prostrate plant habit, from the same genetic pool, have the same yield potential. Crosses between a prostrate and three erect cultivars were made yielding three populations up to the F5 generation. In this generation, erect and prostrate plants from each population were selected and evaluated in separate experiments. Generations F5:6 F5:7 and F5:8 were evaluated for plant architecture, in a scale from 1 (erect) to 9 (prostrate) and for grain yield. The expected gain for selection for plant habit and the correlated response in grain yield, as well as gain from selection for grain yield with the correlated response in plant habit were estimated. The correlation between selection for better plant habit and grain yield was low and negative. It is possible to select common bean progenies simultaneously for yield and plant habit.

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar a viabilidade de uso de um índice de seleção baseado em somatório de variáveis padronizadas no melhoramento genético do feijoeiro-comum e identificar as populações segregantes mais promissoras em produtividade de grãos, porte da planta e resistência ao acamamento, simultaneamente. Foram avaliadas populações segregantes obtidas por cruzamentos em esquema de dialelo parcial (6x6). Os genitores utilizados foram divididos em dois grupos. No grupo I, foram utilizados genitores com grãos do tipo carioca, de porte semiereto a prostrado. No grupo II, foram utilizados genitores com porte ereto, porém com grãos fora do padrão comercial carioca. As gerações F2 e F3 das combinações híbridas foram avaliadas em experimentos com delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições e semeadura em novembro de 2007 e fevereiro de 2008, respectivamente. Os dados relativos à produtividade de grãos, à nota de porte e à nota de acamamento foram padronizados (Zij) por parcela. A partir do somatório de Zij, obteve-se o índice de seleção para as três características conjuntamente. Constatou-se que o índice de seleção possibilita selecionar populações segregantes superiores, considerando simultaneamente a produtividade de grãos e as notas de porte e de acamamento. As populações segregantes CV III 8511 x BRS 7762 Supremo, CV III 8511 x RP 166 e CV III 8511 x RP 26 são indicadas para programas de melhoramento a fim de obter linhagens produtivas com plantas eretas e menor acamamento.The objectives of this work were to determine the viability of using a selection index based on the sum of standardized variables in common bean breeding programs, and to identify the most promising segregating populations for grain productivity, plant growth habit and resistance to lodging simultaneously. Segregant populations obtained by crosses in partial diallel scheme (6x6) were evaluated. Parental genotypes were divided in two groups. Group I comprised parents of the carioca grain type, with semierect to prostate growth habit. Group II comprised parental lines with erect architecture, but with grains not classified as the standard carioca type. The F2 and F3 generations of the obtained hybrid combinations were evaluated in randomized block design, with three replicates and sowing in November 2007 and February 2008, respectively. Data of grain yield, score for plant growth habit and score for lodging were standardized per plot (Zij). The selection index for the three characters together was obtained from the Zij sum. This selection index makes it possible to choose superior segregating populations considering grain yield, scores for plant growth habit, and for lodging simultaneously. Segregating populations CV III 8511 x BRS 7762 Supremo, CV III 8511 x RP 166 and CV III 8511 x RP 26 are identified as promising for breeding programs for grain productivity, plant architecture, and resistance to lodging, simultaneously.

The objective of this study was to verify the response of dry matter accumulation in bean lines (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to different levels of nitrogen fertilizers. Six genotypes ('BRSMG Majestoso', 'Pérola', MA-I-18.13, 'Ouro Negro', 'BRSMG Talismã', and MA-I-2.5) were evaluated in Lavras, testing three N levels (0, 60, and 120 kg/ha) and using ammonium sulphate as N source. The experimental design adopted was the randomized block design in a 6 x 3 factorial structure with three replications and the plots were composed of five 5-m rows. The seeds were sown in November 2005 and July 2006. Total dry mass of five competitive plants was evaluated after 35 days from sowing, harvested from a pre-determined place in the useful area of the plots. This process was repeated every ten days until the harvest. The grain yield was also evaluated in one of the rows of the useful area of the plots. It was observed that regarding the dry mass accumulation, the genotypes did not present different responses at the N levels and the average increase per kg/ha applied N was 6.75 kg/ha grains. The genotype BRSMG Majestoso is the most responsive, with 14.4 kg/ha grains per kg applied N whereas the most tolerant is the MA-I-2.5 with1.8 kg/ha grains per kg N.Neste trabalho, objetivou-se verificar como ocorre o acúmulo de massa seca em linhagens de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) diferindo na resposta ao fertilizante nitrogenado. Para isso, seis genótipos ('BRSMG Majestoso', 'Pérola', MA-I-18.13, 'Ouro Negro', 'BRSMG Talismã', MA-I-2.5) foram avaliados em Lavras, na presença de três níveis de N (0, 60 e 120 kg/ha), tendo como fonte de N o Sulfato de Amônio. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados no esquema fatorial 6 x 3 com três repetições e as parcelas constituídas de cinco linhas de cinco metros. A semeadura foi realizada em novembro de 2005 e julho de 2006. Obteve-se, a partir de 35 dias após a semeadura, a massa seca total de cinco plantas competitivas, colhidas em local pré-determinado na área útil das parcelas. O processo repetiu-se a intervalos de 10 dias até à colheita. Avaliou-se também a produtividade de grãos em uma das linhas da área útil das parcelas. Constatou-se que no acúmulo de massa seca os genótipos não diferem na resposta aos níveis de N e o incremento médio por kg/ha de N aplicado é de 6,75 kg/ha de grãos. O genótipo BRSMG Majestoso é o mais responsivo, com 14,4 kg/ha de grãos por kg de N aplicado, e o mais tolerante é o MA-I-2.5 com 1,8 kg/ha de grãos por kg de N.

The purpose of this study was to develop strategies for the recommendation of common bean cultivars testedin VCU trials with regard to the performance of lines with different growth habits, at different fertilizer rates and sowingdensities. It was found that the grain yield of lines is more affected by variations in fertilizer rates than of the sowing density;the response of the lines to higher planting density and fertilizer rate varies with the environment of evaluation and does notdepend on the growth habit, the interactions between fertilizer rates and sowing densities were significant, demonstrating theimportance of VCU trials with different fertilizer rates and sowing densities.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi melhorar a eficiência de seleção de linhagens de feijoeiro, para a resistência ao Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. phaseoli. Foram comparados sete métodos de inoculação do patógeno, em quatro linhagens de feijoeiro, em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4x7, com cinco repetições. A reação das linhagens foi avaliada aos 21 dias após a inoculação. Para identificar a melhor época de avaliação da severidade do patógeno, 18 linhagens de feijoeiro foram submetidas à inoculação do patógeno, pela imersão de raízes na suspensão de esporos, com corte do sistema radicular, em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com 15 repetições. O progresso da doença foi acompanhado aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após a inoculação. Com dados de experimento de 20 linhagens de feijoeiro com 15 repetições, foi simulado o efeito do número de repetições, que variou de 5 a 15. Os métodos que melhor discriminaram as linhagens foram os de imersão de raízes na suspensão de conídios - com ou sem o corte do sistema radicular. As avaliações da reação à doença devem ser realizadas com pelo menos 21 dias após a inoculação. Cinco repetições são suficientes para classificar as linhagens de feijoeiro, quanto à resistência à murcha-de-fusário.The objective of this work was to improve the efficiency of common bean lines selection for resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. phaseoli. Seven methods of inoculation were compared, using four common bean lines in a randomized complete design, in 4x7 factorial, with five replications. Lines reaction was evaluated at 21 days after inoculation. In order to identify the best date for severity evaluation, 18 common bean lines were inoculated through root immersion in a suspension of spores, with roots cut, in completely randomized design, with 15 replications. The disease progress was measured at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after inoculation. The effect of number of replications from 5 to 15 was simulated, using data from 15 replications, with 20 common bean lines. The best methods to discriminate the lines were root immersions in a suspension of spores - with or without cut of the roots. Disease evaluation should be done at least 21 days after inoculation. Five replications are sufficient to classify the lines of common bean to fusarium wilt.

Neste trabalho, objetivou-se o envolvimento de agricultores na seleção de novas linhagens de feijoeiro. Foram conduzidos 10 experimentos onde foram avaliadas nove linhagens melhoradas de feijão, juntamente com a cultivar BRSMG Talismã, em propriedades agrícolas com tradição na cultura do feijoeiro. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com três repetições e as parcelas de 10 linhas de 5m. Foram avaliadas, a severidade de mancha-angular, produtividade e solicitada aos agricultores a avaliação do tipo de grão. A linhagem OP-S-30 foi a que apresentou maior produtividade média nos 10 ambientes avaliados, tolerância a mancha angular e tipo de grão com boa aceitação de acordo com a opinião dos agricultores. Além dessa linhagem, a OP-S-16 e OP-S-80 também apresentaram desempenho superior. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que os agricultores e melhoristas têm muitos objetivos comuns com relação aos fenótipos desejáveis de uma cultivar de feijão para a região.This work had the objective of involving the farmers in the selection of new common bean inbred lines. Ten experiments were carried out to evaluate nine inbreed lines and the commercial cultivar BRSMG Talismã in farm conditions of traditional common bean producers. The experimental design was a randomized complete blocks with three replications with plots of 10 rows of 5m each. Angular leaf spot severity and yield were evaluated and it was required from farmers to evaluate about the grain type. Inbred line OP-S-30 presented the highest mean grain yield in all environments, angular leaf spot tolerance and grain type with good acceptance according to the farmers. Besides the two inbred lines OP-S-16 and OP-S-80 presented higher performance. The results reinforced that the farmers and breeders really have very common objectives in relation to the desirable phenotypes for a common bean cultivar in the region.

To obtain information on the genetic control of early darkening in common bean with carioca grain and verifythe feasibility of selection by means of a grade scale, two contrasting parents were crossed, line VC-3 with cultivar BRSMGMajestoso. The seeds of F2 plants and F2:3 progenies were evaluated 30, 60 and 90 days after harvest for grain darkening, ona 1 - 5 grade scale. Genetic and phenotypic parameters were estimated. The grade scale efficiently discriminated the progeniesin terms of grain darkening. The heritability of the trait increases with the storage time and was high enough to ensure successwith selection after 30 days. The genetic control seems to be monogenic with dominance of the allele for early darkening.

The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic control of early flowering in common bean. Crosses weremade between the parents Pérola and BRS Radiante and between ESAL 506 and Preto 60 dias. The segregating generations,F3, F2BC11 and F2BC12 of each cross were evaluated in experiments with two replications. F3 plants of both crosses wererandomly taken, and F3:4 progenies evaluated for the trait number of days to flowering. There was good adjustment to theadditive-dominant model of both crosses. The dominance effect was lower than the additive effect in the trait control and, whenpresent, it reduced the number of days to flowering. The value of realized heritability (h2R) was similar in both crosses andlower than the h2 estimated for selection among F3:4 progenies. There were indications that aside from the environmental effecton the trait expression, the genotype-environment interaction was also significant.

This study aimed to determine parameter estimates of compensation of common bean lines and verify if thestability of a mixture of lines is higher than of the line components. Six common bean lines were evaluated, pairwise, in equalproportions. The experiments were conducted in 11 environments, where the trait seed yield was evaluated (grams per plot).The positive ci estimate (compensation ability of line i) of cultivar Talismã was highest, indicating the line for mixtures. Thecombination of the pair Carioca and MA-II-16, with the highest positive sij estimate (specific compensation ability for the pairof lines i and j), was satisfactory. It was observed that the mean contribution of mixtures to the interaction was in the meanlower than of lines in monoculture. The stability was highest in the mixture Talismã and MA-II-8 and the risk of adoptionlowest. The estimates of these compensation and stability parameters in mixtures underlying additional information are asupport in the choice of lines to compose a multiline.

Conduziu-se este trabalho, com o objetivo de proceder à análise crítica do Programa de melhoramento genético do feijoeiro comum em Minas Gerais nos últimos 32 anos com ênfase nas implicações da interação linhagens x ambientes, além de avaliar se houve progresso genético. Para isso, foram utilizados dados de 169 experimentos conduzidos no período de 1974 a 2004 e que envolveram 16 locais e três safras. A média da cultivar Carioca, comum em todos os experimentos, foi utilizada como estimador do efeito ambiental e a média das cinco melhores linhagens sob avaliação de cada biênio, como efeito fenotípico. A diferença entre essas duas médias forneceu o desvio genético. O coeficiente de regressão linear entre desvio genético Y (variável dependente) e o biênio X (variável independente) forneceu a estimativa do progresso genético. As interações linhagens x safras e linhagens x anos foram, na maioria dos casos, significativas, contudo, suas contribuições para a variação total foram inferiores a de linhagens x locais. Desse modo, fica clara a necessidade de que os experimentos sejam conduzidos em um maior número de locais. O programa de melhoramento genético do feijoeiro da UFLA tem sido eficiente e tem obtido linhagens com menor risco de adoção.The objective of the present work was to make critical analysis of the dry bean genetic breeding program in Minas Gerais in the last 32 years by lines x environments interactions and genetic progress evaluations. Data from 169 experiments conducted from 1974 to 2004 in 16 locations and three seasons per year were used. The average of the cultivar Carioca, test in all experiments, was used as indicator of environmental variation; and the average of the five best lines, under evaluation in each biennium, was used as indicator of phenotypic variation. The difference between these two averages was used as genetic deviation. Genetic progress was estimated by linear regression coefficient between genetic deviation Y (dependent variable) and biennium X (independent variable). The interactions among lines x seasons and lines x years were significant in most cases, however, their contributions to the total variation were inferior to the lines x locations. Thus, it was necessary to conduct experiments in a larger number of locations. The common bean breeding program at UFLA has been efficient and has selected lines with less risk for adoption for farmers.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência da seleção recorrente fenotípica em relação ao número de dias para o início do florescimento em feijoeiro e verificar se a seleção afeta outros caracteres. Utilizou-se uma população proveniente da mistura das populações F2 (S0) de 11 combinações híbridas, avaliadas para a precocidade. As plantas S0 (ciclo 0), que floresceram mais precocemente, foram intercruzadas para a obtenção do ciclo I. As sementes obtidas foram utilizadas para a continuidade da seleção, e o processo foi repetido até o quinto ciclo seletivo. O progresso genético foi avaliado com cinqüenta e três progênies, provenientes da mistura das sementes das plantas S0 após uma autofecundação (S1:2) de cada ciclo. Os caracteres avaliados foram: número de dias para o florescimento, severidade da mancha-angular (Phaeoisariopsis griseola), número de dias para a maturação, produtividade e tipo de grãos. Constatou-se que o progresso com a seleção foi de 2,2% ao ano, o que indica que a seleção recorrente fenotípica foi efetiva em reduzir o número de dias para o florescimento. Não houve resposta correlacionada à seleção quanto ao número de dias para o florescimento nos demais caracteres avaliados, do que se depreende ser possível a seleção de progênies que associem florescimento precoce à expressão fenotípica dos demais caracteres, conforme o interesse dos melhoristas.The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of phenotypic recurrent selection for the number of days until blooming in common bean, and to verify if this selection affected other traits. One S0 population derived from the mixture of the F2 populations of 11 hybrid combinations evaluated for earliness was used. The plants of the S0 (cycle 0) which bloomed first were crossed to obtain cycle I. To go on with the selection the obtained seeds were used. The process was repeated until the fifth selection cycle. Fifty-three S1:2 progenies of each cycle were used for evaluation of the genetic progress. The number of days to flowering, severity of angular leaf spot (Phaeoisariopsis griseola), number of days to maturation, yield and grain type were evaluated. A selection gain of 2.2% per year was observed, which indicates that phenotypic recurrent selection reduced the number of days to flowering. The selection for the number of days to flowering had no correlated response with other evaluated traits, indicating that progeny selection for early flowering can be associated with the phenotypic expression of other traits, according to the breeder's interest.

A obtenção de informações a respeito do controle genético dos caracteres por meio de variâncias com associação aos métodos de condução de populações de feijoeiro tem sido uma estratégia pouco empregada, porém pode ser de grande auxílio aos melhoristas na tomada de decisões. Com esse objetivo foi utilizada uma população segregante proveniente do cruzamento entre as cultivares BRS MG Talismã e BRS Valente. O avanço das gerações foi realizado de acordo com o preconizado pelo método genealógico. Em F4:5 obtiveram-se 256 progênies que foram avaliadas na safra 'das águas' 2004/2005. As sementes de cada progênie foram colhidas em bulk originando as progênies F4:6, as quais foram avaliadas na safra 'das secas' 2005. Os caracteres avaliados foram produtividade de grãos e porte das plantas. Constatou-se que na produção de grãos por planta, a variância ambiental dentro da parcela foi o principal componente da variância fenotípica entre progênies. A variância genética aditiva foi predominante para a produção de grãos, enquanto que para o porte a variância genética de dominância foi expressiva.Obtaining information referent to the genetic control of traits by the estimates of variance associated to breeding methods is not frequently used for bean crops, however these estimate can greatly help breeders to take decision. With this objective a segregating population derived from a cross between the cultivars BRS MG Talismã and BRS Valente was evaluated. The advance of generations was done according to the pedigree method. In the F4:5 generation were obtained 256 progenies that were evaluated during the 2004/2005 'rain season'. Seeds were harvested in bulks, generating progenies F4:6, which were evaluated in the 2005 'dry season'. There evaluated grain yield and plant habit. For grain yield per plant, the environmental variance within plots was the main component of the phenotypic variance among progenies. The additive variance was predominant for grain yield and the dominance variance for plant habit.

No Estado de Minas Gerais, tem sido constatado que as raças fisiológicas prevalecentes de Phaeiosariopsis griseola (Sacc.) Ferr. infectam predominantemente os feijões mesoamericanos. Os feijões andinos normalmente apresentam boa resistência. A introdução de alelos de resistência de cultivares andinas em cultivares mesoamericanas é uma boa estratégia na obtenção de cultivares adaptadas e resistentes a esse patógeno. Com esse objetivo foi realizado o cruzamento entre a linhagem ESAL 550 (grupo andino e resistente à mancha angular) x Carioca-MG (grupo mesoamericano e suscetível à mancha angular). Após a avaliação das famílias segregantes nas gerações F2:3, F2:4 e F2:5, foram selecionadas linhagens que associavam bom nível de resistência à P. griseola e grãos creme com rajas marrons porém, nenhum deles em condições de ter aceitação comercial.In some regions of Minas Gerais State, prevalent physiological races of Phaeoisariopsis griseola (Sacc.) Ferr. infect mainly cultivars of Mesoamerican origin, but the Andean cultivars are resistant. The introduction of alleles for resistance of Andean cultivars in Mesoamerican cultivars is a good strategy to obtain adapted cultivars with resistance to this disease. With this purpose, the cross between ESAL 550 (Andean group and resistant to angular leaf spot) and Carioca-MG (Mesoamerican group and susceptible to angular leaf spot) was performed. After evaluation of the segregant families in generations F2:3, F2:4 and F2:5, some lines with high resistance to P. griseola and grain type far from market standard were identified.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar populações segregantes de feijoeiro promissoras para a produtividade de grãos e com polimorfismo para marcadores microssatélites ligados a QTL relacionados previamente à produtividade de grãos. Foram utilizadas 49 linhagens, avaliadas em dois experimentos em látice triplo. Sete linhagens foram selecionadas e intercruzadas no esquema dialélico e também genotipadas com 24 marcadores microssatélites ligados a QTL previamente identificados. As populações foram avaliadas em blocos completos casualizados, com três repetições. Foram observadas diferenças significativas entre as capacidades gerais (CGC) e específicas de combinação (CEC) e os efeitos não-aditivos foram mais pronunciados. As linhagens RC1-10 e Z-9 se destacaram em razão das elevadas estimativas de g i. Entre os microssatélites, 25% foram polimórficos. Foram selecionadas quatro populações para a seleção de famílias com base na avaliação das linhagens, na análise dialélica e no polimorfismo entre os marcadores microssatélites. Destacou-se a população RC1-10 x Z-9, formada por genitores de alta CGC, com alta média e CEC e ainda grãos do tipo Carioca. Considerando o baixo número de microssatélites polimórficos obtidos nas populações, pode-se concluir haver necessidade de utilização de maior número de microssatélites ligados a QTL da produção de grãos.The objective of this work was to select promising common bean segregant populations for grain yield and polymorphic to microsatellite markers for grain yield QTL previously identified. Fourty nine lines were utilized and evaluated in two field trials in a triple lattice. Seven lines were selected and intercrossed in a diallel scheme and genotyped with 24 single sequence repeat (SSR) markers associated to grain yield QTL previously identified. Populations were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications. Significant differences in the general and specific combining ability were observed, and the non-additive effects were highest. The outstanding lines were RC1-10 and Z-9 due to the highest g i values. Twenty five percent of the markers were polymorphic. Four populations were chosen for selecting families based on the line evaluations, the diallel analysis and the polymorphism of SSR markers. Among the segregant populations, RC1-10 x Z-9 is remarkable for having high CEC, high grain yield of the Carioca type, and their parents expressed high CGC. Considering the low number of polymorphic microsatellite markers in each population, it is necessary to use higher number of microsatellite markers associated to grain yield QTL.

The efficiency of recurrent selection was assessed in obtaining common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) plant lines resistant to the phytopathogenic fungi Phaeoisariopsis griseola. The base bean population was obtained from the partial diallel between seven lines with carioca-type grains and 10 sources of resistance to P. griseola. The plants most resistant to the pathogen were selected in the F2 (S0) generation of the populations (C-0). The best S0:1 plants that presented carioca-type grains were intercrossed to obtain cycle I (C-I). The same procedure was adopted to obtain cycles C-II to C-V. In each recurrent selection cycle, S0:1 progenies selected were also assessed in experiments carried out in Lavras, Brazil, always using as check the Carioca MG (susceptible to P. griseola) and Pérola (tolerant) cultivars. The response to selection for resistance to the pathogen was estimated from the general mean of the S0:1 progenies from each selective cycle compared to the susceptible check Carioca MG. The estimated gain was 6.4% per cycle and the indirect response in grain yield by selection for resistance to the pathogen was 8.9% per cycle. The variability detected among the progenies in the last selective cycles enabled the prediction of additional responses to recurrent selection.

Eight lines of common bean, a mixture in equal proportions (MP) and the F2 generation of the multiple hybrids(MH) between them were analyzed to verify whether they differ in homeostasis and phenotypic plasticity. The experiments wereconducted in 20 environments (seasons and locations) from November 2004 to December 2005, in Alto Paranaíba and thesouth of Minas Gerais state. Based on the mean yield of the environments the stability was evaluated by the ecovalence values(Wi2). To estimate the repeatability of the stability parameters the 20 environments were separated in two groups of 10,simulating 1000 possibilities. The MH and MP were the most stable. Nevertheless, high stability was also identified in somepure lines. The repeatability of mean grain yield (rk2=0.73) was higher than Wi2 (rk2=0.18). The chances of success of selectionfor the smallest contribution to the G x E interaction are small.

The objective of this study was to estimate parameters related to the ability of competing or toleratingcompetition. The experiments were conducted in three seasons, using eight common bean lines with carioca type grains fromdifferent origins. Competition at the plant level was evaluated based on the number of pods, number of grains and grainweight (g plant-1). The following competition-related parameters were estimated with the mean data, using a model similar tothe diallel: general competing ability (ci), competition tolerance (tj), specific competing ability (sij) and performance per se ofevery line (aj). The average performance of lines in self-competition was similar to non-self-competition. None of the linescoupled low competing ability (ci high) with high competition tolerance. Highest estimates of aj and ci were observed in lineOPNS 331.

Visando à identificação de linhagens de feijão que sejam tolerantes ao estresse de nitrogênio (N) e que também apresentem resposta positiva a esse nutriente, foram avaliadas 100 linhagens em presença e ausência de N em cobertura, em quatro ambientes. Em cada ambiente, foram dois experimentos distintos com e sem N, no delineamento látice triplo 10x10, sendo a parcela constituída de uma linha de três metros de comprimento. Utilizando a produtividade média de grãos, foi estimado o índice de eficiência de utilização de nitrogênio. Na média dos quatro ambientes, a produtividade de grãos obtida com N foi 12% acima da obtida sem N. Decompondo o efeito de níveis para cada linhagem, em 77% delas não houve resposta à adubação nitrogenada em cobertura. Assim, apenas 22 linhagens responderam positivamente à adubação nitrogenada e, entre elas, a eficiência na utilização de N variou de 11,3 a 18,3kg de grãos por kg de N aplicado.It was evaluated 100 breeding lines of common bean in the presence and absence of N in cover in four conditions aiming at identifing the lines of beans which would be tolerant to nitrogen (N) stress and/or also responsive to this nutrient. In each condition there were two distinct experiments with and without N, in a 10 x 10 triple lattice design, being the plot constituted by a line with three meters of length. It was estimated the index of efficiency of nitrogen utilization, through the average grains yield. The obtained yield with N was 12% above the one without N, in the average of the four conditions. By decomposing the effect of levels for each line, in 77% of them there was no answer to the nitrogen fertilization in cover. This, only 22 lines positively responded to nitrogen fertilization and among them the efficiency of N utilization ranged from 11.3 to 18.3kg of grains per kg of applied N.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar famílias de feijoeiro com resistência a Colletotrichum lindemuthianum e Phaeoisariopsis griseola e com outros fenótipos agronômicos desejáveis. As famílias utilizadas foram obtidas do cruzamento entre a linhagem H91, portadora de três alelos de resistência à antracnose, com três famílias F2:5 resistentes à mancha-angular, derivadas da cultivar Jalo EEP 558. Foi utilizado o delineamento látice quadrado em todos os experimentos. Inicialmente, foram avaliadas 144 famílias F2:3, no inverno de 2004, em Lavras, MG, com base no tipo de grão. Foram selecionadas 80 famílias F2:4 e avaliadas com a testemunha BRSMG Talismã, no período das águas de 2004/2005, no mesmo local. Considerando-se o tipo de grão e a resistência à mancha-angular e antracnose, foram mantidas 48 famílias F2:5, que foram avaliadas na seca de 2005, em Lavras e Lambari, MG. Essas 48 famílias passaram por inoculação das raças 2047, 73 e 1545 de C. lindemuthianum, para verificação da presença dos alelos de resistência Co-4², Co-5 e Co-7, respectivamente. Foram identificados genótipos da maioria das 48 famílias, quanto à reação à antracnose, das quais se destacaram quatro, em relação ao tipo de grão semelhante ao 'Carioca', de porte ereto, produtividade elevada e resistência à mancha-angular.The objective of this work was to select common bean families resistant to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and Phaeoisariopsis griseola and, also, with superior agronomical traits. Families used were obtained from crosses of H91 lineage, bearer of three alleles resistant to anthracnose, and F2;5 families derived from the cultivar Jalo EEP 558, which is resistant to angular leaf spot. Square lattice design was used in all experiments. Initially the F2:3 families (144) were evaluated in the winter of 2004, in Lavras county, MG, Brazil, based on grain type. Eighty families (F2:4) were selected and evaluated with the check BRSMG Talismã, in the wet periods of 2004/2005, in the same place. Considering grain type, anthracnose and angular leaf spot resistances, 48 families (F2:5) were selected and evaluated in the dry period of 2005, in two places, Lavras and Lambari, MG. These 48 families were also inoculated with the 2047, 73 and 1545 races of C. lindemuthianum, in order to verify the presence of alleles of resitance Co-4², Co-5 and Co-7, respectively. Genotypes with anthracnose resistance were identified in most families, four of which are outstanding for their ideal 'Carioca'-like grain, with upright plant, high grain yield and resistance to angular leaf spot.

Visando associar na seleção de novos genótipos de feijoeiro comum características favoráveis como o tipo de grão, a produção de grãos e a resistência à mancha angular e antracnose, foi realizado o cruzamento entre a cultivar Rosinha e a linhagem ESAL 693, ambas precoces e com hábito de crescimento tipo I. Adicionalmente, a linhagem ESAL 693 é resistente à mancha angular e à antracnose e a 'Rosinha' é suscetível a ambas. As famílias foram avaliadas da geração F­2:3 até F­2:6 sendo ao final, selecionadas as 23 superiores. Em todos os experimentos foi utilizado o delineamento látice e como testemunhas a ESAL 693 e 'Rosinha'. Foi observada ampla variabilidade genética entre as famílias incluindo as 23 selecionadas, tendo sido obtidas estimativas de herdabilidade de 51,29% para a produtividade de grãos, 74,11% para o tipo de grão e 93,64% para a reação à mancha angular. Nove famílias destacaram-se em relação às três características estudadas; porém, duas com grãos semelhantes ao 'Carioca' e uma com grão semelhante ao 'Rosinha', apresentando também resistência à antracnose e boa capacidade de cozimento. Existe a possibilidade de seleção, dentro dessas famílias, de linhagens precoces e que reúnam as características desejadas.Aiming to select common bean plants with high grain yield, ideal grain type and resistant to anthracnose and angular leaf spot, the cultivar Rosinha and the line ESAL 693 were crossed. Both have early cycle, growth habit I, and ideal grain types. ESAL 693 is resistant to angular leaf spot and anthracnose, and 'Rosinha' is susceptible for both traits. The families were evaluated from F­2:3 to F­2:6 generation, and the best 23 were selected. Square lattice design, and the checks 'Rosinha' and ESAL 693 were used in all experiments except in the first when 'Rosinha' was not included. A broad genetic variability was detected even among the remaining 23 families, when the heritability estimated for grain yield was 51,29%, for grain type was 74,11%, and for resistance to angular leaf spot was 93,64%. Among the best nine families in these three traits, two with 'Carioca' grain type and one with 'Rosinha' were also resistant to anthracnose and higher cooking capacity. So, there is a possibility to select lines with the desired phenotypes within these families.

The cooking time of common bean grains is one of the determinant factors for the consumer acceptance of acultivar. Since in the segregating populations tegument and cotyledons are in different generations, one needs to know whichone of these structures influences the cooking quality to define breeding objectives. We evaluated the parentals, the F1, F2, andF3 generations and the reciprocals of the crosses CI-107 x Carioca-80, CI-107 x Amarelinho and CI-107 x G2333. A maternaleffect was stated in the trait expression since bean cooking quality was mainly determined by the tegument constitution. Theinferences derived from genetic and phenotypic parameters were not expressively affected by storing, whereas the cookingtime increased with higher grain ages.

Com o presente trabalho, objetiva-se realizar a derivação teórica da extensão bivariada dos métodos de Annicchiarico (1992) e Annicchiarico et al. (1995) para estudar a estabilidade fenotípica. A partir dos ensaios com genótipos em ambientes e mensurações de duas variáveis, cada genótipo teve seu valor padronizado com relação a cada variável k = 1, 2. Essa padronização foi realizada em função da média do ambiente, da seguinte forma: Wijk = Yijk/×100 ; em que Wijk representa o valor padronizado do genótipo i, no ambiente j para a variável k; representa a média observada do genótipo , no ambiente para a variável k e , a média de todos genótipos para o ambiente e variável k. Com os valores padronizados foram estimados o vetor média e a matriz de variância e covariância de cada genótipo. Foi obtida a derivação teórica da extensão bivariada do índice de risco (Ii) de Annicchiarico com sucesso e foi proposto um segundo índice de risco baseado nas probabilidades bivariada (Prb i); os dois índices apresentaram grande concordância nos resultados obtidos em um exemplo ilustrativo com genótipos de melões.The objective of this work was to obtain the theoretical derivation of the bivariate extension to the methods proposed by Annicchiarico (1992) and Annicchiarico et al. (1995) for studing phenotypic stability. Considering assays with genotypes in environments and two variates, every genotype had the response of each variate (k = 1, 2) standardized. This standardization has been made using the environment means as follows: Wijk = Yijk/×100 ; where Wijk represents the ith genotype standard value in the jth environment for the kth variate; represents the observed mean of the ith genotype, in jth environment for the kth variate e the overall genotypes means for jth environment to kth variate. Considering the standardized values, the genotypes mean vector and covariance matrix were estimated. The theoretical derivation of the bivariate reliability index (Ii) of Annicchiarico was wasked out and a second risk index was proposed based on the bivariate probabilities (Prb i); the two indexes proposed has shown good agreement to the results in an example with melon genotypes.

A segregant bulk population derived from a single cross between the Carioca MG cultivar and the ESAL 686 line was used to investigate whether the action of natural selection in the direction required by the breeders and the delaying line extraction would increase the chance of obtaining families with greater grain yield. The populations were advanced from F2 to F24 and obtained families F2, F8 and F24 from the plants. These families and their parents were assessed for grain yield (kg/ha) in Lavras-MG in three sowing seasons (July 2001, November 2001 and March 2002) in an 18 x 18 lattice design with two replications in the first sowing and three in the other two. The largest mean yield, regardless of sowing season, was among the families derived from the F24 plants. The frequency of superior families increased when line extraction was delayed to more advanced generations.