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Purpose: This study aims to identify gender disparities in knowledge, attitudes and behaviors related to self-management and control of Type 2 diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) among primary care patients. The research was conducted across multiple Spanish cities., Patients and Methods: The study involved 8 Primary Care Centres located in four distinct regions of Spain: East (Barcelona), Centre (Madrid), North (Pamplona and Zumaia) and South (Vélez-Málaga and Málaga). A total of 111 individuals diagnosed with T2DM, comprising 52 women and 59 men, participated in 12 group discussions at these primary healthcare centers from February to June 2015. Participation was voluntary, and all participants provided informed consent by signing the consent form. A qualitative hermeneutic phenomenological study with a maximum variation sample was done. Participant profiles were defined based on gender, age, place of residence, type of treatment, years living with T2DM and the presence or absence of a cardiovascular event. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data., Results: Participants were aware that diabetes is a chronic condition, with varied levels of concern regarding the diagnosis. Participants' locus of control influenced their perception of the disease's cause, with women attributing it to stress and emotional situations, while men linked it to risky behaviors. Self-management strategies were shaped by beliefs about diabetes, with both genders facing challenges in implementing recommended practices. Gender differences were also evident in caregiving roles, with men receiving more family support for diet adherence, while women prioritized family needs over their self-care. Participants expressed satisfaction with professional-patient interactions but highlighted the need for more accessible information and specialist care, suggesting support groups for women and clear health guidelines for men., Conclusion: Gender differences significantly influence how patients perceive and manage type 2 diabetes, with women experiencing greater concern and care burden compared to men. Effective diabetes management requires tailored support that addresses these gender-specific challenges. Enhancing healthcare services with clear guidelines and support groups can improve self-management outcomes in both men and women., Competing Interests: The author reports no conflicts of interest in this work., (© 2024 Ramírez-Morros et al.)

Treatment of diabetes mellitus type2 (DM2) includes healthy eating and exercise (150minutes/week) as basic pillars. For pharmacological treatment, metformin is the initial drug except contraindication or intolerance; in case of poor control, 8 therapeutic families are available (6 oral and 2 injectable) as possible combinations. An algorithm and some recommendations for the treatment of DM2 are presented. In secondary cardiovascular prevention, it is recommended to associate an inhibitor of the sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 (iSGLT2) or a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (arGLP1) in patients with obesity. In primary prevention if the patient is obese or overweight metformin should be combined with iSGLT2, arGLP1, or inhibitors of type4 dipeptidylpeptidase (iDPP4). If the patient does not present obesity, iDPP4, iSGLT2 or gliclazide, sulfonylurea, recommended due to its lower tendency to hypoglycaemia, may be used., (Copyright © 2019. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U.)