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Protected areas are typically considered a cornerstone of conservation programs and play a fundamental role in protecting natural areas and biodiversity. Human‐driven land‐use and land‐cover (LULC) changes lead to habitat loss and biodiversity loss inside protected areas, impairing their effectiveness. However, the global dynamics of habitat quality and habitat degradation in protected areas remain unclear. We used the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade‐offs (InVEST) model based on global annual remotely sensed data to examine the spatial and temporal trends in habitat quality and degradation in global terrestrial protected areas. Habitat quality represented the ability of habitats to provide suitable conditions for the persistence of individuals and populations, and habitat degradation represented the impacts on habitats from human‐driven LULC changes in the surrounding landscape. Based on a linear mixed‐effects modeling method, we also explored the relationship between habitat degradation trends and protected area characteristics, biophysical factors, and socioeconomic factors. Habitat quality declined by 0.005 (0.6%) and habitat degradation increased by 0.002 (11%) from 1992 to 2020 globally, and similar trends occurred even in remote or restrictively managed protected areas. Habitat degradation was attributed primarily to nonirrigated cropland (62%) and urbanization (27%) in 2020. Increases in elevation, gross domestic production per capita, and human population density and decreases in agricultural suitability were associated with accelerated habitat degradation. Our results suggest that human‐induced LULC changes have expanded from already‐exploited areas into relatively undisturbed areas, and that in wealthy countries in particular, degradation is related to rapid urbanization and increasing demand for agricultural products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Target 3 in the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) calls for protecting at least 30% of the world's lands and waters in area‐based conservation approaches by 2030. This ambitious 30×30 target has spurred great interest among policy makers, practitioners, and researchers in defining and measuring the effectiveness of these types of approaches. But along with this broad interest, there has also been a proliferation of terms and their accompanying abbreviations used to describe different types of conservation areas and their governance, planning, management, and monitoring. The lack of standard terms is hindering the use and assessment of area‐based approaches to conserve the world's biodiversity. It is difficult to track progress toward GBF Target 3 or to share learning with other practitioners if different groups of people are using different words to describe the same concept or similar words to talk about different concepts. To address this problem, the International Union for Conservation of Nature's World Commission on Protected Areas commissioned a task force to review existing terms and recommend a standard English‐language lexicon for this field based on key criteria. The results were definitions of 37 terms across 6 categories, including types of protected and additional conservation areas (e.g., protected area, additional conservation area), sets of these areas (protected area network, protected area system), their governance and management (governance, rightsholders), assessment (effectiveness, equitability), spatial planning (key biodiversity area), and action planning (value, outcome, objective). Our standard lexicon can provide a common language for people who want to use it and a shared reference point that can be used to translate various terms used by different groups. The common understanding provided by the lexicon can serve as a foundation for collaborative efforts to improve the policies, implementation, assessments, research, and learning about this important set of conservation approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Behavioral changes are often animals' first responses to environmental change and may act as a bellwether for population viability. Nonetheless, most studies of habitat conversion focus on changes in species occurrences or abundances. We analyzed >14,000 behavioral observations across 55 bird species in communities in northwestern Costa Rica to determine how land use affects reproductive, foraging, and other passive kinds of behaviors not associated with either foraging or reproduction. Specifically, we quantified differences in behaviors between farms, privately owned forests, and protected areas and implemented a novel modeling framework to account for variation in detection among behaviors. This framework entailed estimating abundances of birds performing different behaviors while allowing detection probabilities of individuals to vary by behavior. Birds were 1.2 times more likely to exhibit reproductive behaviors in forest than in agriculture and 1.5 times more likely to exhibit reproductive behaviors in protected areas than in private forests. Species were not always most abundant in the habitats where they were most likely to exhibit foraging or reproductive behaviors. Finally, species of higher conservation concern were less abundant in agriculture than in forest. Together, our results highlight the importance of behavioral analyses for elucidating the conservation value of different land uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Belowground biodiversity distribution does not necessarily reflect aboveground biodiversity patterns, but maps of soil biodiversity remain scarce because of limited data availability. Earthworms belong to the most thoroughly studied soil organisms and—in their role as ecosystem engineers—have a significant impact on ecosystem functioning. We used species distribution modeling (SDMs) and available data sets to map the spatial distribution of commonly observed (i.e., frequently recorded) earthworm species (Annelida, Oligochaeta) across Europe under current and future climate conditions. First, we predicted potential species distributions with commonly used models (i.e., MaxEnt and Biomod) and estimated total species richness (i.e., number of species in a 5 × 5 km grid cell). Second, we determined how much the different types of protected areas covered predicted earthworm richness and species ranges (i.e., distributions) by estimating the respective proportion of the range area. Earthworm species richness was high in central western Europe and low in northeastern Europe. This pattern was mainly associated with annual mean temperature and precipitation seasonality, but the importance of predictor variables to species occurrences varied among species. The geographical ranges of the majority of the earthworm species were predicted to shift to eastern Europe and partly decrease under future climate scenarios. Predicted current and future ranges were only poorly covered by protected areas, such as national parks. More than 80% of future earthworm ranges were on average not protected at all (mean [SD] = 82.6% [0.04]). Overall, our results emphasize the urgency of considering especially vulnerable earthworm species, as well as other soil organisms, in the design of nature conservation measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El Parque Nacional Natural Alto Fragua Indi Wasi (PNNAFIW) está constituido por un tipo de bosque crucial para la región andino-amazónica debido a su función como ecotono de transición altitudinal que beneficia la biodiversidad. A pesar de su estatus de área protegida, la intervención humana ha afectado su conectividad forestal. Esta investigación se enfocó en analizar el impacto de las acciones humanas en la conectividad forestal del bosque utilizando datos de cobertura de tierra y un enfoque basado en patrones morfológicos espaciales. Se evaluaron los cambios en el bosque y la conectividad durante los periodos 2002, 2007, 2012 y 2018, considerando la influencia histórica de los agentes humanos en la zona. Los resultados revelaron que la creación de áreas protegidas contribuye a mantener y restaurar los hábitats forestales. Por otro lado, la expansión de cultivos ilícitos y la colonización tienen un impacto negativo en la conectividad, especialmente en el patrón núcleo. El estudio identificó dos áreas adyacentes con diferencias significativas en la afectación de la conectividad forestal: el PNNAFIW, con baja afectación, pero con intrusiones agropecuarias localizadas, y el sector de piedemonte, donde la presión humana ha llevado a una disminución de los hábitats. La creación del PNNAFIW se destacó como un factor positivo para la conservación del bosque y la conectividad forestal. En esta investigación se destaca la importancia de considerar los procesos históricos de poblamiento y ocupación como factores clave que pueden influir en la conectividad forestal en áreas protegidas como el PNNAFIW.

Desde hace algunas décadas, la dimensión humana de los páramos se ha reconocido como elemento fundamental para garantizar el éxito de las estrategias de protección ambiental en los espacios naturales protegidos (ENP). Este artículo indaga las producciones académicas que han estudiado la dimensión humana de los páramos en Colombia, los páramos que han sido estudiados, los principales aportes teóricos de esta literatura y las perspectivas de investigación en este campo. La metodología que se utilizó fue una revisión sistemática de la literatura, que permitió identificar 71 artículos que estudian la dimensión humana de 12 de los 37 páramos delimitados hasta la fecha en Colombia. La revisión muestra que las temáticas principales de las investigaciones giran en torno a la importancia y los desafíos de la protección de estos sistemas socioecológicos en un complejo contexto de creación de espacios protegidos, de cambio climático y de posacuerdo de paz.

Background and aims: Parque Interjurisdiccional Marino Costero Patagonia Austral is a protected area that is home to incredible biodiversity. Within the Park is Isla Valdés, an island whose vegetation is unknown and where European rabbits, an invasive herbivorous specie, have been introduced. The aims of this work are: a) to know the floristic richness of Isla Valdés; b) to evaluate the conservation status of its flora; c) to identify and characterize the different vegetation units; d) to analyze the differences and their possible causes between the vegetation units. M&M: the island was traveled around establishing the different vegetation units. Three transects were made in each one, using the Floristic-Holistic Method for arid, semiarid, and subhumid areas. With the data obtained, vegetation structure and ecological parameters were calculated, a list of the floristic composition was drawn up, each vegetation unit was described, and the current state of conservation of the vegetation was evaluated. Results: 74 species were identified, distributed in 31 botanical families. Five vegetation units with different floristic compositions and plant physiognomy were identified. 12 species are included in Argentina’s preliminary red list of endemic plants, and two species have international conservation status (IUCN red list and CITES). Conclusions: The work constitutes the first floristic list of Isla Valdés, and provides important information for management decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citizen science plays a crucial role in helping monitor biodiversity and inform conservation. With the widespread use of smartphones, many people share biodiversity information on social media, but this information is still not widely used in conservation. Focusing on Bangladesh, a tropical megadiverse and mega‐populated country, we examined the importance of social media records in conservation decision‐making. We collated species distribution records for birds and butterflies from Facebook and Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), grouped them into GBIF‐only and combined GBIF and Facebook data, and investigated the differences in identifying critical conservation areas. Adding Facebook data to GBIF data improved the accuracy of systematic conservation planning assessments by identifying additional important conservation areas in the northwest, southeast, and central parts of Bangladesh, extending priority conservation areas by 4,000–10,000 km2. Community efforts are needed to drive the implementation of the ambitious Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework targets, especially in megadiverse tropical countries with a lack of reliable and up‐to‐date species distribution data. We highlight that conservation planning can be enhanced by including available data gathered from social media platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The change in land use resulting from human activities occurs at both global and local scales. The present research focuses on the multi-temporal analysis of land use change on Santa Cruz Island, Galápagos. Therefore, the analysis of land uses and their transition with vegetation cover was proposed to examine their evolution. Geographic Information Systems and the Supervised Classification technique were employed to identify changes in the terrain over time and the factors responsible for these alterations. In order to obtain accurate information about existing land uses in the study area, free satellite images were used, allowing the distinction of four distinct classes. Through this analysis, it was possible to determine the evolution of land use over a period of 32 years, spanning from 1991 to 2023. The results revealed that the classified areas underwent modifications due to both natural and human-induced factors, including livestock and agricultural activities, as well as demographic growth. To validate the obtained data, a confusion matrix was conducted, and the Kappa index was applied. These procedures demonstrated the robustness and agreement of the model used, ensuring high accuracy compared to reality. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive view of land use change on Santa Cruz Island, Galápagos, and offers relevant information about the factors that have contributed to such changes over time. The results have significant implications for sustainable land management and ecosystem conservation in this important region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El Parque Cueva de los Guácharos fue el primer parque nacional declarado en Colombia y, a pesar de su estratégica ubicación, poco se ha publicado sobre la biodiversidad del parque. Este estudio exploró la diversidad de los ensamblajes de aves en diferentes tipos de bosques (andinos, subandinos mixtos y subandinos de roble negro) y el estado de sucesión, que incluye bosques subandinos primarios y secundarios. Para ello, se realizaron puntos de conteo a lo largo de transectos, durante 382 días, entre los años 2005 y 2009. En este muestreo se reportan 202 especies de aves, representando 39 familias. Las comunidades de aves de los bosques subandinos presentaron mayor diversidad y similitud entre sí, independiente de su estado sucesional. La composición fue diferente en los bosques andinos (dominados por roble blanco, Quercus humboldtii) y de roble negro (dominados por Colombobalanus excelsa, Wettinia fascicularis y Motudaea colombiana). Por ejemplo, la especie dominante en los bosques andinos fue Colaptes rivolii y en los bosques de roble negro fue Zimmerius chrysops. Para los bosques subandinos, tanto primarios como secundarios, se compartieron varias especies en la lista de las más frecuentes: Henicorhina leucophrys, Rupicola peruvianus, Ocreatus underwoodii, Hypopyrrhus pyrohypogaster y Cyanocorax yncas. Este estudio resalta la alta diversidad de los bosques subandinos, incluyendo bosques secundarios cercanos a bosques primarios protegidos. Esperamos que este trabajo sirva de base para el monitoreo futuro de comunidades de avifauna en el parque.

El Parc Estatal Cerro de la Tortuga com a reservori d'herpetofauna a la regió centre-sud de l'estat de Morelos El Parc Estatal Cerro de la Tortuga (PECT) és un reservori important de la diversitat d'amfibis i rèptils de la regió centre-sud de l'estat de Morelos. L'objectiu d'aquest estudi és actualitzar l'inventari d'amfibis i rèptils, així com determinar la composició, la riquesa d'espècies, la relació espècies-àrea i la similitud de l'herpetofauna entre reserves amb diferent classe d'administració. Dins del PECT, l'herpetofauna estava composta per 28 espècies, xifra que equival al 20 % de l'herpetofauna de Morelos i a l'1,97 % de l'herpetofauna de Mèxic. L'ordre Squamata va ser el grup més ben representat, amb 17 espècies (60,71 %), seguit d'Anura, amb 10 espècies (35,71 %), i Testudines, amb una espècie (3,57 %). D'acord amb l'anàlisi de relació espècies/àrea, la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Huautla (REBIOSH, 3 spp.) i el PECT (1 spp.) allotgen un nombre d'espècies superior a l'esperat, mentre que l'Àrea de Protecció Corredor Biològic Chichinautzin (CBCH, 3 spp.) allotja un nombre d'espècies més petit que l'esperat. La composició herpetofaunística del PECT va presentar més similitud amb la de la Reserva Estatal Sierra de Montenegro (RESM, 50 %) i la REBIOSH (34 %) que amb la del CBCH (12 %). Els nostres resultats indiquen que el PECT actua com un reservori important per a l'herpetofauna de la regió centre-sud de Morelos, que estructuralment podria formar part dels anomenats arxipèlags de la conservació. Tanmateix, malgrat l'evidència de la composició i la similitud entre reserves, suggerim fer estudis que considerin la qualitat de l'hàbitat per identificar corredors i estudis genètics que demostrin el flux de gens en les espècies compartides entre reserves. Dades publicades a GBIF (DOI: 10.15470/b6ivn0)

Wild bees are critical for multiple ecosystem functions but are currently threatened. Understanding the determinants of the spatial distribution of wild bee diversity is a major research gap for their conservation. We modeled wild bee α and β taxonomic and functional diversity in Switzerland to uncover countrywide diversity patterns and determine the extent to which they provide complementary information, assess the importance of the different drivers structuring wild bee diversity, identify hotspots of wild bee diversity, and determine the overlap between diversity hotspots and the network of protected areas. We used site‐level occurrence and trait data from 547 wild bee species across 3343 plots and calculated community attributes, including taxonomic diversity metrics, community mean trait values, and functional diversity metrics. We modeled their distribution with predictors describing gradients of climate, resource availability (vegetation), and anthropogenic influence (i.e., land‐use types and beekeeping intensity). Wild bee diversity changed along gradients of climate and resource availability; high‐elevation areas had lower functional and taxonomic α diversity, and xeric areas harbored more diverse bee communities. Functional and taxonomic β diversities diverged from this pattern, with high elevations hosting unique species and trait combinations. The proportion of diversity hotspots included in protected areas depended on the biodiversity facet, but most diversity hotspots occurred in unprotected land. Climate and resource availability gradients drove spatial patterns of wild bee diversity, resulting in lower overall diversity at higher elevations, but simultaneously greater taxonomic and functional uniqueness. This spatial mismatch among distinct biodiversity facets and the degree of overlap with protected areas is a challenge to wild bee conservation, especially in the face of global change, and calls for better integrating unprotected land. The application of spatial predictive models represents a valuable tool to aid the future development of protected areas and achieve wild bee conservation goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We analyze the habitat factors that influence the site selection of the coastal chinchilla Chinchilla laniger for the establishment of colonies in Las Chinchillas National Reserve, Aucó, Coquimbo Region, Chile. We used generalized linear models and a presence-absence design with logistic adjustment, considering the presence and absence of Puya berteroniana, rocky outcrops, altitude, slope, exposure, and both vertical and horizontal vegetation cover as explanatory variables. The model variables that would best explain the presence of chinchilla colonies in the Reserve would be the presence of puya, followed by altitude, presence of rocky outcrops, and vertical vegetation cover. The results indicate that when P. berteroniana is present, the probability of finding a chinchilla colony is 97% (95% CI = 56% - 99%), which decreases to 23% (95% CI = 12% - 39%) when this species of bromelaceae is not present in the habitat. The results suggest that C. laniger selects specific microhabitats within the heterogeneous environment of the semi- arid landscape of the Las Chinchillas National Reserve.

The adoption of appropriate strategies for the conservation and management of forest ecosystems associated with the Atlantic Forest depends on understanding the pattern of spatial distribution of forest species, mainly in protected areas. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the geospatial distribution of forest species in a fragment of Atlantic Forest (Lowland Dense Ombrophilous Forest) in the Botanical Garden of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. The phytosociological study was carried out by the plot method, with 40 plots of 10 m x 25 m, systematically distributed, where all living individuals that showed circumference at 1.3 m above the ground = 15 cm were identified and georeferenced. To identify the existence of floristic similarity between the plots, the obtained data were subjected to hierarchical cluster analysis. The spatial variability of forest species was characterized using geostatistical analysis. The data were interpolated by kriging, followed by the construction of thematic maps of spatial distribution. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed the formation of two groups of plots. The forest species Artocarpus heterophyllus, Dialium guianense, Helicostylis tomentosa, Hevea brasiliensis, Pouteria durlandii and Thyrsordium spruceanum showed spatial dependence. The use of geostatistics allowed visualizing the spatial distribution arrangements and identifying the concentration sites of these species. Information on the geospatial distribution of forest species can be used for the preservation, conservation and management of forest remnants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytoplankton is indicator of processes in aquatic environments. During may to november 2018 in the Salado de Guayaquil estuary, surface sampling of phytoplankton, chlorophyll a, temperature, salinity and surface pH measurements were carried out. Water samples were also collected for analysis of inorganic nutrients (phosphates and silicates). The biological and environmental variables were carried out during the two tidal states in four zones located within the Manglares de El Salado Faunal Production Reserve. The highest chlorophyll concentration was determined in the southwest zone (Puente Portete), in flow with a core of 18.7 mg/m3 at surface level during september and characterized as the highest concentration in the entire study area. The composition of the phytoplankton community in net samples showed similarity between zones 2, 3 and 4 by means of the similarity index, while in zone 1 located to the north (Miraflores and Bellavista Stations) its composition was 73% different compared to the other three study zones. The environmental variables salinity, pH, nutrients and chlorophyll did not present significant differences according to the different zones, tidal states and months during the 2018 dry season, except for the temperature variable, which presented significant differences observed in zone 1 located to the north of the study area due to the higher surface temperature recorded in may compared to the northwest, southwest and south zones. By means of a canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), orthogonal correspondence relationships of the dominant species in each sector and environmental variables were determined, strong correlations were presented between Chorococcus limneticus and temperature, favored by the high availability of phosphates and silicates during the dry season, november 2018 in the northern zone of the study area. So also other phytoplankton species showed a correspondence relationship with other environmental variables in other study areas of the El Salado faunal production reserve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development and implementation of effective protected area management to reduce deforestation depend in part on identifying factors contributing to forest loss and areas at risk of conversion, but standard land‐use‐change modeling may not fully capture contextual factors that are not easily quantified. To better understand deforestation and agricultural expansion in Amazonian protected areas, we combined quantitative land‐use‐change modeling with qualitative discourse analysis in a case study of Brazil's Jamanxim National Forest. We modeled land‐use change from 2008 to 2018 and projected deforestation through 2028. We used variables identified in a review of studies that modeled land‐use change in the Amazon (e.g., variables related to agricultural suitability and economic accessibility) and from a critical discourse analysis that examined documents produced by different actors (e.g., government agencies and conservation nonprofit organizations) at various spatial scales. As measured by analysis of variance, McFadden's adjusted pseudo R2, and quantity and allocation disagreement, we found that including variables in the model identified as important to deforestation dynamics through the qualitative discourse analysis (e.g., the proportion of unallocated public land, distance to proposed infrastructure developments, and density of recent fires) alongside more traditional variables (e.g., elevation, distance to roads, and protection status) improved the predictive ability of these models. Models that included discourse analysis variables and traditional variables explained up to 19.3% more of the observed variation in deforestation probability than a model that included only traditional variables and 4.1% more variation than a model with only discourse analysis variables. Our approach of integrating qualitative and quantitative methods in land‐use‐change modeling provides a framework for future interdisciplinary work in land‐use change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human disturbances can cause functional alterations in ecosystems, affecting key interactions such as those between plants and animals. For example, post-seed dispersal predation determines plant establishment in many terrestrial ecosystems and can have positive or negative effects on plant community composition, which can, then, influence ecosystem structure and functionality. However, seed predation can be altered in modified environments, with consequences on the establishment and dispersal of native and non-native plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the post-dispersal predation of native and non-native seeds at different spatial scales in modified environments: pine plantations, clearcut areas and native forests in Isla Victoria, northwestern Patagonia (Argentina). We used a cafeteria-type experiment offering native and non-native seed species in each habitat and measured the vegetation cover around each seed offering area to assess the effect of microsite characteristics. After evaluating predation in the three environments, we only found that there is a greater preference for predation of native seeds in pine forest plantations. On the other hand, we identified that vegetation cover at ground level (strongly correlated with the type of environment) keeps a positive relationship with seed predation. This study shows that seed predation of native and non-native plants could be driven in part by microsite characteristics (greater plant cover = greater seed predation), perhaps through generating refuge (safe site) for the main seed predators of these forests (i.e., rodents). Forest conservation, management and restoration strategies must consider the short- and long-term dynamics of a post-intervention restoration site with the aim of creating an environment conducive to native forest regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una evaluación ecológica rápida de la flora nativa de la formación forestal y sabánica del Cerrado Aguará Ñu, Reserva Natural del Bosque Mbaracayú de Paraguay, determinando la riqueza de especies y las diferencias de composición entre las mismas, de manera a complementar los levantamientos florísticos ya existentes. Se registró in situ la flora vascular nativa del Cerrado mediante diez transectos de 50 m x 2 m (1000 m2) en cada formación vegetal (forestal y sabánica). Se obtuvo un total de 171 especies en 61 familias. La formación sabánica presentó la mayor riqueza de especies en relación a la formación forestal, con 106 especies en 40 familias y 81 especies en 40 familias, respectivamente. Las especies más frecuentes en la formación sabánica fueron Axonopus cfr. siccus (Nees) Kuhlm., Butia paraguayensis (Barb. Rodr.) L.H. Bailey, Duguetia furfuracea (A. St.-Hil.) Benth. & Hook. f., Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O. Berg, y Pradosia brevipes (Pierre) T.D. Penn. En cuanto a la formación forestal, las especies más frecuentes fueron Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. var. langsdorfii, Didymopanax morototoni (Aubl.) Decne. & Planch., Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand, y Vochysia tucanorum C. Mart. Ambas formaciones vegetales sólo compartieron 14 especies de plantas. La familia Fabaceae registró el mayor número de especies. Por otro lado, se evidenció la disimilitud florística típica entre las formaciones forestales y sabánicas del Cerrado en el área de estudio, lo que sugiere un buen estado de conservación del área protegida. No obstante, dadas las características y limitaciones de la evaluación ecológica rápida, se recomienda seguir monitoreando el área de manera a avanzar hacia una mejor comprensión de la dinámica vegetacional local y una mejor valoración de su biodiversidad.

Los disturbios que ocasiona el ser humano pueden alterar el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas e interacciones claves como la interacción planta-animal. Por ejemplo, la depredación post-dispersión de semillas determina el establecimiento de plantas en muchos ecosistemas terrestres y puede afectar positiva o negativamente la composición de la comunidad vegetal, influyendo en la estructura y el funcionamiento del ecosistema. Pero la depredación de semillas puede verse alterada en ambientes modificados, con consecuencias sobre el establecimiento y la dispersión de las plantas nativas y no-nativas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar a diferentes escalas la depredación post-dispersión de semillas nativas y no-nativas en ambientes modificados antrópicamente como plantaciones de pinos, áreas de tala rasa y bosques nativos en Isla Victoria, al noroeste de la Patagonia Argentina. Realizamos un experimento tipo cafetería, ofreciendo especies de semillas nativas y no-nativas en cada hábitat, y medimos la cobertura vegetal alrededor de cada área de oferta de semillas para determinar el efecto de las características del micrositio. Considerando los tres ambientes, solo encontramos una mayor preferencia de depredación de semillas nativas en las plantaciones forestales de pino. Por otra parte, identificamos que la cobertura de vegetación a nivel del suelo (correlacionada con el tipo de ambiente) se relacionó positivamente con la depredación de semillas. Este estudio muestra que la depredación de semillas de plantas nativas y no-nativas podría ser impulsada, en parte, por las características del micrositio (mayor cobertura vegetal = mayor depredación de semillas), tal vez al generar refugio (sitios seguros) para los roedores, principales depredadores de semillas de estos bosques. Las estrategias de conservación, manejo y restauración de bosques deben considerar la dinámica a corto y largo plazo de un sitio de restauración post-intervención para crear un ambiente propicio para la regeneración del bosque nativo.

The motivation for advancing biodiversity conservation via a global percentage-protected target lies in the essential role protected areas play in sustaining biodiversity in the face of anthropogenic pressures and the relative feasibility of tracking increases in protected area designations (Bhola et al., 2020; Watson et al., 2014). Global percentage-protected targets have advanced conservation, not only by directly incentivizing expansion of protected area networks, but also by helping to raise awareness of biodiversity loss, build partnerships and promote investment in conservation, and develop tools for tracking the status of biodiversity (Doherty et al., 2018; Woodley et al., 2019). How percentage-protected targets can support positive biodiversity outcomes Keywords: biodiversity target; global biodiversity framework; protected area; área protegida; marco de trabajo; global de biodiversidad; meta de biodiversidad; ; ; EN biodiversity target global biodiversity framework protected area área protegida marco de trabajo global de biodiversidad meta de biodiversidad 1 10 10 08/01/22 20220801 NES 220801 INTRODUCTION Percentage targets for the area of land (or water) protected for biodiversity conservation (hereafter percentage-protected targets) are a persistent and contentious feature of global conservation policy. [Extracted from the article]

Objective: To assess the level of sustainability, based on stakeholders’ tourism perceptions of Loreto Bay National Park (LBNP) in Mexico. Methodology: Indicators were selected and organized in three components: (1) destination management; (2) social, economic, and cultural impact; (3) environmental impact; and two dimensions: social and environmental. Surveys were applied to tourist companies, residents, and visitors. Contingency tables were used to identify significant dependence between indicators. Results: The results showed an acceptable sustainability level. Indicators with lower value were residents’ knowledge about PA, the benefit they obtain from tourism, as well as their participation in environmental activities. Limitations: Some of the indicators used are specific to LBNP, therefore they should be adequate for each PA. Conclusions: The study concludes with the contributions of the method and a series of recommendations to increases residents’ economic benefit and their involvement in PA management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Investigación Agraria is the property of Investigacion Agraria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Understanding the relationship between local populations and ecosystems is of great importance because ecosystems are the basis on which human societies are sustained, providing goods and services that satisfy different needs associated with human welfare, constituting a heritage for communities, especially in protected areas. Hence, the article is the result of a research aimed at implementing an awareness-raising program based on the relationship between the local stakeholders of Valle Ancón (one of the communities of the protected area, Viñales National Park) and the ecosystems, specifically their link with the goods and services they provide. Based on the following methods: documentary analysis, analysis and synthesis, expert interviews, survey, discussion groups and non-participant observation, the community diagnosis was carried out. This made it possible to examine the criteria and perceptions on the use and exploitation of ecosystem goods and services, the causes that are influencing the lack of recognition by local stakeholders and the effects that the lack of knowledge of these has had on the natural heritage. Thus, through the implementation of the awareness program, local stakeholders were made aware of the need to facilitate new alternatives and strategies to integrate ecosystem goods and services into local development planning, and to promote the preservation and sustainable use of ecosystems.

Evaluamos la diversidad de reptiles y aves en el Distrito de Manejo Integrado de Cabo Manglares Bajo Mira-Frontera, en el departamento de Nariño, Colombia, mediante muestreos hechos en noviembre de 2018. Para reptiles se realizaron búsquedas libres delimitadas por tiempo; para aves, se realizaron recorridos libres y puntos de observación. Se obtuvieron 25 registros de reptiles pertenecientes a tres órdenes, 17 familias, 23 géneros y 24 especies. De aves se registraron 179 individuos pertenecientes a 16 órdenes, 40 familias, 106 géneros y 119 especies. Para reptiles se destacan los registros de las tortugas Lepidochelys olivacea, categorizada como Vulnerable, y Chelonia mydas, En Peligro, y las especies Caiman crocodilus y Boa constrictor, incluidas en el apéndice II de CITES. Para las aves se destacan los registros de 31 especies migratorias, y tres especies Casi Amenazadas (Ramphastos ambiguus, Campephilus gayaquilensis, Capito squamatus).

The studies of flora and vegetation that have been carried out in El Retiro Natural Reserve have been limited to some of its sectors, so there is still no information about the structure of its vegetation formations and the relationship between them. Therefore, the objective of this research was to characterize the vegetation of this protected area. The following aspects were analyzed: dominant species, stratification and distribution in all vegetation types. A more detailed map of the distribution of vegetation formations in the area was obtained. Seven vegetation types were identified, of which secondary shrubland in semi-deciduous microphyllous forest ecotypes and secondary shrubland in coastal and pre-coastal shrubland ecotypes were new vegetation records for the reserve. The coastal and pre-coastal scrub and the semi-deciduous microphyllous forest were the richest vegetation formations in terms of number of species and endemics. In the analysis of biological similarity, they were the most similar.

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas is the property of Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Caldasia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Species distribution data are an essential biodiversity variable requiring robust monitoring to inform wildlife conservation. Yet, such data remain inherently sparse because of the logistical challenges of monitoring biodiversity across broad geographic extents. Surveys of people knowledgeable about the occurrence of wildlife provide an opportunity to evaluate species distributions and the ecology of wildlife communities across large spatial scales. We analyzed detection histories of 30 vertebrate species across the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot in India, obtained from a large‐scale interview survey of 2318 people who live and work in the forests of this region. We developed a multispecies occupancy model that simultaneously corrected for false‐negative (non‐detection) and false‐positive (misidentification) errors that interview surveys can be prone to. Using this model, we integrated data across species in composite analyses of the responses of functional species groups (based on disturbance tolerance, diet, and body mass traits) to spatial variation in environmental variables, protection, and anthropogenic pressures. We observed a positive association between forest cover and the occurrence of species with low tolerance of human disturbance. Protected areas were associated with higher occurrence for species across different functional groups compared with unprotected lands. We also observed the occurrence of species with low disturbance tolerance, herbivores, and large‐bodied species was negatively associated with developmental pressures, such as human settlements, energy production and mining, and demographic pressures, such as biological resource extraction. For the conservation of threatened vertebrates, our work underscores the importance of maintaining forest cover and reducing deforestation within and outside protected areas, respectively. In addition, mitigating a suite of pervasive human pressures is also crucial for wildlife conservation in one of the world's most densely populated biodiversity hotspots. Article impact statement: Reducing deforestation and mitigating widespread anthropogenic pressures are both critical for the conservation of tropical forest vertebrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La alteración de los regímenes naturales de incendios en muchos ecosistemas del mundo tiene varias causas, entre las cuales las más importantes son: los usos de la tierra con quemas agrícolas en condi-ciones de sequía, los cambios en las coberturas vegetales por deforestación, la expansión de plantas invasoras y el cambio climático. En este trabajo se evaluó el riesgo a incendios de la cobertura vegetal del Santuario de Fauna y Flora Iguaque (SFFI) a partir de la definición de su amenaza y vulnerabilidad. Se utilizó la metodología multicriterio definida por el Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estu-dios Ambientales (IDEAM) con algunas modificaciones según concepciones posteriores de la teoría del riesgo y gestión de desastres. Se encontró la amenaza total alta y muy alta de incendios de la cobertura vegetal en el 34,9 % del SFFI y la vulnerabilidad total con las mismas categorías para el 98,5 % del territorio. Por lo anterior, el riesgo alto y muy alto de incendios abarcó el 27,3 % del área protegida, localizado principalmente en su región central y suroccidental. Asimismo, el riesgo moderado abarcó el 39,4 % del Santuario. Dichos resultados proponen a los incendios como uno de los principales dis-turbios de los ecosistemas presentes y evidencian la alta posibilidad de que este fenómeno produzca afectaciones adversas sobre los sistemas socioecológicos. Esta zonificación contribuirá a la gestión del Santuario en torno a la reducción de los impactos negativos de los incendios, su severidad e intensidad.

El PNN Selva de Florencia, en los Andes centrales de Colombia, es reservorio de una amplia biodiver-sidad entre ellas cinco especies de primates. A pesar de ser un área protegida, en su interior existen procesos de transformación antrópica, que influyen directamente en sus ecosistemas. Actualmente, no se cuenta con modelos cuantitativos que nos permitan estimar el efecto de esas transformaciones sobre las poblaciones de primates. Evaluamos la proporción de área usada (ψ), como estimativo de la abun-dancia de los primates Ateles hybridus, Alouatta seniculus y Cebus versicolor. Se realizaron muestreos en 31 cuadrantes de 1 km2 seleccionados al azar, donde se evaluó: i) presencia de primates; ii) presencia de humanos; así como, el porcentaje de iii) cultivos; iv) pastos; y v) cobertura natural, a partir un mapa de coberturas Corine Land Cover adaptado para Colombia a una escala 1:25 000. Los datos fueron analizados bajo abordaje bayesiano. Para A. hybridus se encontró un ψ de 0,16 y una probabilidad de detección de 0,14, disminuyendo el uso de área en bosques. Para A. seniculus, la ψ fue 0,83 y la pro-babilidad de detección de 0,14 disminuyendo el uso de área en cultivos. Para C. versicolor se estimó una ψ de 0,36 y una probabilidad de detección de 0,08, disminuyendo el uso de área en presencia de humanos. Los datos aquí presentados son un insumo para el diseño e implementación de un monitoreo efectivo en esta área protegida.

Con base en registros geo-referenciados se compone, por primera vez, una lista de especies de peces demersales profundos (> 200 m) del Parque Nacional Natural Corales de Profundidad (Caribe colombiano). Se explora la completitud del inventario de especies y se propone un primer esquema de ensamblajes ícticos profundos demersales dentro del parque. Se registraron 105 especies distribuidas en 427 ocurrencias georreferenciadas. El inventario de especies está lejos de ser completo, con apenas el 32,6 % del área profunda del parque visitada, a la escala espacial del estudio. Se resalta el potencial de encontrar ensamblajes de peces dentro del área del parque con relevancia para su manejo.

The research aimed to determine the degradation of the paramo vegetation due to the effect of livestock in Parque Nacional Llanganates. Two paramo zones with similar characteristics were established in Anteojos and Pisayambo Lake Complexes. By using the QGIS program and the shapefile at a scale of 1: 50000, sites with the presence and absence of livestock were delimited. Through direct observation, the number of cattle running through Pisayambo was counted, the herds were registered and georeferenced in a field card. The vegetative study was carried out by applying the minimum area technique, in each study area three sample units were taken. In the research instrument, the name of the species, frequency, presence scale, and status was recorded according to the criteria indicated in the literature consulted. The results show that in the surroundings of the Pisayambo Lake Complex there are 109 specimens of cattle and 12 horses. The highest dominance of plant species is found in the Anteojos Lacustrine Complex, this is reflected in the calculated value of the Simpson Diversity Index (0.901) compared to that obtained in Pisayambo (0.860). Species resistant to the presence of cattle are Calamagrostis intermedia, Lachemilla orbiculata and Plantago rigida. In conclusion, livestock produces a negative impact on the paramo vegetation and at the same time constitutes a serious problem for the management of Parque Nacional Llanganates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes a series of processes of socio-territorial transformation that have taken place around the Páramo de Chingaza, one of the largest protected areas in Colombia. Based on a historical reconstruction and the ethnographic data obtained in the field work in the area, the different ways of conceiving and relating to space are analyzed by the social actors that converge there, both local residents and institutions. Thus, it is identified that the process of colonization in the area, at the beginning of the 20th century, led to some forms of land tenure structure and production systems, but that when institutional actors entered the framework of a modernizing project around of the urban expansion of Bogotá, new socio-territorial dynamics were generated, transformations in land ownership and productive systems, as well as imaginaries regarding the moor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proposal of a cartography of colonialism incites indisciplinary thinking, which transits in the interregnum of readings that analyze the movement of commodity capitalism, environmental conflicts and struggles for libertarian zones. In Brazil, the destruction of the Amazon forest, the mining tragedies and the violence against forest peoples are examples that place nature in a condition subdued by the colonialism of power. In this article, affiliat with epistemologies of the South to rethink the place of nature in environmental policy from the handicraft socioenvironmental practices in the Amazon, as in the case of Indigenous Lands and Extractive Reserves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cueva de los Guacharos was the first National Park created in Colombia, but few published information is available on its biological diversity. We used point counts along transects for a total of 382 days from 2005 to 2009, to estimate bird species richness and composition in Andean forests, Mixed Sub-Andean forests and Black Oak Sub-Andean forests. In addition, transects were undertaken in both primary and secondary Sub-Andean forests. We report the occurrence of 202 bird species from 39 families. Bird assemblages in mixed primary and secondary Sub-Andean Forest showed the highest species diversity, independent of the successional stage. A non-parametric ordination (based on species abundance) showed three main groupings: Andean forests (plants dominated by white oaks: Quercus humboldtii), Sub-Andean Black Oak forests (dominated by black oaks Colombobalanus excelsa, Wettinia fascicularis, and Matudaea colombiana), and mixed Sub-Andean forests (including both primary and secondary, with a variety of plant species). The most frequently registered bird species in Andean Forest was Colaptes rivolii. Zimmerius chrysops was the dominant species in Black Oak forests. In both mixed primary and secondary Sub-Andean forests the composition was similar with several species in the list of the most frequently observed: Henicorhina leucophrys, Rupicola peruvianus, Ocreatus underwoodii, Hypopyrrhus pyrohypogaster and Cyanocorax yncas. This study emphasizes that bird communities in Sub-Andean forests are highly diverse, and secondary forest show similar ensembles to primary forests, when they are protected and located near primary forests. We hope that this study will help to carry out future monitoring programs of bird species in the park. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Caribbean Ornithology is the property of Society for the Conservation & Study of Caribbean Birds and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Turismo em Análise is the property of Revista Turismo em Analise and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad is the property of Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Biologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletín Científico Centro de Museos de Historia Natural is the property of Universidad de Caldas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la degradación de la vegetación de páramo por efecto de la ganadería en el Parque Nacional Llanganates. Se establecieron dos zonas de páramo con características similares en los Complejos Lacustres Anteojos y Pisayambo. Con el uso del programa QGIS y shapefile a escala 1: 50000 se delimitaron los sitios con presencia y ausencia de ganado. Mediante la observación directa se contabilizó la cantidad de ganado que recorre Pisayambo, los hatos fueron registradas y georreferenciadas en una ficha de campo. El estudio vegetativo se realizó aplicando la técnica de áreas mínimas, en cada zona de estudio se tomaron tres unidades muestrales. En el instrumento de investigación se anotó el nombre de las especies, frecuencia, escala de presencia y estatus según los criterios señalados en literatura consultada. Los resultados evidencian que en los alrededores del Complejo Lacustre Pisayambo existe la presencia de 109 ejemplares de ganado vacuno y 12 de caballar. La mayor dominancia de especies vegetales se encuentra en el Complejo Lacustre Anteojos, esto se refleja en el valor calculado del Índice de Diversidad de Simpson (0,901) en comparación del obtenido en Pisayambo (0,860). Las especies resistentes a la presencia de ganado son Calamagrostis intermedia, Lachemilla orbiculata y Plantago rigida. Se concluye que, el ganado produce un impacto negativo en la vegetación de páramo y a la vez constituye un serio problema para el manejo del Parque Nacional Llanganates.

Many bird populations have experienced population declines across North America over the past several decades. The establishment of protected areas has been used as a conservation action to maintain or help in the recovery of these populations; however, the effectiveness of protected areas in safeguarding bird populations within their borders from negative impacts to populations in surrounding unprotected areas has rarely been evaluated. Our study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of protected areas in the San Francisco Bay Area of California for landbirds. We conducted point count surveys along riparian corridors in coastal Marin County in protected areas, predominately national parks, and estimated the population growth rates for 14 species over 23 years. We compared these growth rates to North American Breeding Bird Survey growth rate estimates from the Coastal California and the Northern Pacific Rainforest Bird Conservation Regions, which comprise larger, regional populations. A safeguarding effect was detected for 9 of the 14 species. We expected an effect on species strongly associated with riparian vegetation, which has incurred significant loss and degradation in the region; however, we instead observed benefits to general riparian users that were at least as great as the benefits to strong riparian specialists. We also expected that populations of resident species might benefit more than migrants; however, we found strong support for a safeguarding effect for both groups. Species with increasing growth rates in coastal Marin County protected areas in comparison to regionally stable or decreasing populations demonstrate the potential for protected areas to not only maintain populations despite declines outside their boundaries but also to help them recover from current and previous losses. Continuing long-term monitoring and associated full life cycle research will help identify if and when other drivers (e.g., climate change) may weaken these safeguarding effects, or when additional conservation and management is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few studies on fish assemblages and relations with environmental factors in aquatic systems in southeastern Amazonia have been carried out when compared to other areas in the Amazon. Therefore, which are the main environmental variables and processes responsible for structuring them remains unknown. We hypothesized that fish assemblages respond the variation in the physical-chemistry variables between seasons of the hydrological cycle in a pristine river in the Amazon. The study was performed on fish assemblages of the Tarumã River, Jaru Biological Reserve, Rondônia. Samplings were carried out in five sites along the river in March and September, 2015, which included fish collection and environmental data measurements. Principal component analysis was performed to ordinate the sites in high water and low water seasons, according to environmental variables. We used a similarity analysis in order to identify the individual contribution of species in hydrological period and a partial redundancy analysis for quantify the relative importance of environmental variables in the species composition. As predicted by our hypothesis, the species composition was influenced by dissolved oxygen and temperature. Myloplus rubripinnis, Serrasalmus compressus, and S. rhombeus were the most abundant during high water, while S. rhombeus, Myloplus lobatus, Prochilodus nigricans, and Hydrolycus armatus were the dominant species during the low water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se analiza el potencial turístico, con relación al patrimonio cultural tangible e intangible, de la localidad Los Baldecitos, aledaña al Parque Provincial Ischigualasto (PPI). Para ello, se inventariaron los puntos de interés; se rescataron aspectos del patrimonio intangible; se relevó información de la planta turística e infraestructura; se indagó acerca del interés de turistas y pobladores por iniciativas en la localidad; y se analizaron fortalezas, oportunidades, debilidades y amenazas, considerando la información obtenida en el escenario de la actual pandemia. Los Baldecitos cuenta con recursos para realizar una oferta interesante. Los desafíos están en relación con la falta de mantenimiento de los puntos de interés, la falta de soporte desde organizaciones privadas y estatales, y el impacto de la pandemia COVID-19. El PPI es el área protegida más visitada de la provincia y con mucha promoción a nivel nacional, pero el ‘efecto derrame’ de los beneficios no llega a Los Baldecitos. Es necesario que los pobladores tomen la decisión de poner en movimiento proyectos; que los beneficios que emanan de la estrecha relación con el parque y de la nueva tendencia mundial hacia la recuperación del turismo por medio de la sustentabilidad, se concreten con subsidios y soporte técnico para las iniciativas de los pobladores.

En este artículo se plantea que la agroforestería cierra la brecha entre la conservación y el desarrollo sostenible en la comunidad rural de Salitre y, por lo tanto, podría renombrarse como agroforestería social. En este territorio indígena hay una falta de empleo que, en consecuencia, conduce a la pobreza extrema; además de esto, hay prácticas inapropiadas en el uso de la tierra, tales como el uso del fuego para el control de malezas, así como el conflicto entre las poblaciones indígenas y no indígenas. Se observa la necesidad de establecer sistemas agroforestales en el área, ya que este tipo de modelo de producción es una mejor alternativa para el desarrollo rural en un sentido amplio. El artículo también destaca los sistemas tradicionales de producción indígena, ya que se argumenta que los bribris del sureste de Costa Rica fundaron una región basada en el uso y la conservación de los recursos forestales y la diversidad cultural. La agroforestería social es clave para comprender los sistemas de gestión de recursos naturales, las prácticas y los usos de la tierra, desde un punto de vista cultural. Por último, varias especies de plantas que crecen en Salitre pueden utilizarse como índice de conservación e interacción cultural, como alternativa de producción y como medio para lograr la seguridad alimentaria.

Cómo influye la integridad de los bosques ribereños en la composición de especies de anuros: un estudio práctico en el bosque Atlántico del sur del Brasil Los bosques ribereños, que en Brasil están protegidos por la ley, proporcionan servicios ecosistémicos esenciales, a pesar de que, tradicionalmente, la deforestación ha conllevado su degradación y reducción. En consecuencia, la fauna de estos bosques ribereños y los ecosistemas asociados puede verse gravemente afectada, como en el caso de los anfibios. En este estudio, determinamos la composición de especies de anuros en bosques ribereños con varios grados de integridad ambiental. El estudio se llevó a cabo en el Parque Estatal Fritz Plaumann, un área protegida con formaciones forestales típicas del bosque atlántico meridional. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la integridad ambiental de los sitios de muestreo influyó en el lugar en que se encontró cada especie. Los hábitats más conservados, con grandes superficies de bosque ribereño y un impacto antrópico escaso, propiciaron la presencia de una mayor diversidad de especies y permitieron mantener especies con necesidades ambientales específicas. Dos de las especies registradas figuran en la lista de anfibios en peligro de extinción (Boana curupi y Vitreorana uranoscopa) y otra es una especie invasora exótica (Lithobates catesbeianus). Debido a que se alimenta de anfibios autóctonos y puede actuar como un vector de patógenos, esta especie representa una amenaza potencial para las poblaciones de anfibios autóctonos dentro del parque. Incluso aunque grandes extensiones del Parque Estatal Fritz Plaumann estén cubiertas por bosques en el segundo estadio de sucesión, la conexión con áreas mejor conservadas de bosque primario permite la presencia general de especies más exigentes, que se suelen asociar a hábitats bien conservados. A escala regional, estos hábitats solo se encuentran dentro del parque y, en su ausencia, lo más probable es que estas especies se extingan a escala local o regional.

As Unidades de Conservação são espaços territoriais que apresentam recursos naturais com características relevantes. Tais áreas são utilizadas como estratégia para a proteção da natureza. É neste contexto que o uso de geotecnologias, como os Sistemas de Informações Geográficas e o Sensoriamento Remoto, otimiza a diagnose e o monitoramento ambiental. O estudo analisou o uso e ocupação do solo assim como a fragilidade do cenário atual da Reserva Biológica (ReBio) de Pinheiro Grosso, localizada em Barbacena-MG. Atualmente, a ReBio apresenta 66,18% de sua área ocupada por Vegetação e 33,82% por Área antropizada. A Análise Multicritério revelou que 4,19% da ReBio estão fortemente sujeitos à antropização. Devido à grande pressão antrópica e conflitos socioambientais existentes, sua categoria de Proteção Integral não condiz com a sua atual situação. Sugere-se a delimitação da Zona de Amortecimento da unidade, a implantação emergencial de programas de educação ambiental para a comunidade local, assim como uma maior fiscalização e monitoramento da área, além de sua recategorização como unidade de Uso Sustentável.

RESUMEN Diversos estudios comparativos han demostrado que los hospedadores machos no sólo podrían albergar más parásitos que las hembras, sino también tener un rol en la estructura de la población de nematodes. Debido a esto, debatimos la función que tiene el sexo en el parasitismo en una población de anfibios en un sector del monte. Analizamos el contenido gastrointestinal en busca de endoparásitos de 43 ejemplares de Pleurodema nebulosum (Burmeister, 1861), 38 adultos (26 machos y 12 hembras) y 5 juveniles. Nuestros resultados indicaron que únicamente machos se encontraban parasitados asociado con una curva correspondiente a un modelo parasitismo/ rango - edad tipo III. Aplectana nebulosa Piñeiro-Gómez, González & Sanabria, 2017 (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) presenta un patrón de distribución agregado ajustado a un modelo Poisson. Pleurodema nebulosum (Anura: Leptodactylidae) es oportunista para reproducirse en periodos de lluvia, debido a esto nosotros proponemos como hipótesis que el momento de infección por nematodes probablemente ocurra durante estos cortos periodos en lagunas temporales formadas. El parasitismo en machos podría estar relacionado a factores hormonales debido al periodo reproductivo. Por lo tanto el sexo sería un factor importante en la estructuración de las poblaciones parásitas de esta especie de anfibio.

The work addresses the experience of creating a training school in sustainable livestock farming, to train technicians and producers from public and private institutions and parish governments, who provide their services in the buffer zone of the Golden Heart Protective Forest (BPCO), southern Ecuador. The training process lasted from 2017 to 2019, addressing six modules of a theoretical-practical nature such as: Systemic analysis of the livestock landscape in the Páramo and Alto Andino Forest ecosystems in Ecuador, climate change and livestock, governance and incentives, advice to communities, silvopastoral management and sustainable livestock practices. The results obtained were the increase of good practices in livestock farming in the farms surrounding the BCPO, proper management and conservation of soils and water sources. Part of the feeding of the animals was supplemented, implementation of animal reproduction techniques, agroforestry and silvopastoral management, and application of tools and methodologies to carry out economic analyzes for the improvement of farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]