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This study aimed to estimate the performance of single-phase-enhanced computed tomography and ultrasonography examinations in the preoperative evaluation of solid abdominal tumors and their relationship with relevant adjacent structures in children.This retrospective study included 50 pediatric patients with malignant solid abdominal tumors treated with surgical resection between 2009-2017. Preoperative computed tomography and ultrasonography were compared to operative findings (gold standard) in the diagnosis of invasion or encasement of adjacent structures. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were evaluated.Renal (20.4%) and neuroblastic (19.4%) tumors were the most common. Complete surgical resection with negative margins was achieved in 44 (88%) patients. The comparison between single-phase-enhanced computed tomography and ultrasonography findings showed the following results: sensitivity = 90.3% vs 86.6%, specificity = 86.8% vs 94.6%, negative predictive value = 95.3% vs 94.4%, positive predictive value = 75.3% vs 86.9%, and accuracy = 87.9% vs 92.2%. The correlation (kappa index) between computed tomography and ultrasonography examinations was 0.72 (p0.001). In 14% (7/50) of the patients, the invasion of adjacent structures was diagnosed by ultrasonography but not by computed tomography (1 patient had 2 invaded structures).Ultrasonography can be considered a complementary method to single-phase-enhanced computed tomography in the preoperative evaluation of children with an abdominal tumor. The present study showed that ultrasonography and single-phase-enhanced computed tomography each possess a high accuracy in the preoperative planning of resection of solid abdominal tumors in children. Thus, it seems that the combination of both imaging methods would be enough for the evaluation of most abdominal tumors in the pediatric population.

Ectopic ureter draining into the vagina is a rare cause of urinary incontinence. Some cases have been reported in association with malformations of the genitourinary tract, but very few published cases are associated with vaginal septum. Our article describes the case of a girl who presented with hydrocolpos shortly after birth and was found to have a complete transverse vaginal septum. Despite successful correction of this genital anomaly, the patient developed persistent dribbling of clear fluid from the genital area. Extensive testing revealed unilateral kidney dysplasia and probable genital ectopia of the corresponding ureter. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed insertion of the ureter into the upper third of the vagina. The patient underwent nephroureterectomy of the dysplastic kidney with subsequent improvement in urinary incontinence. Ureteral ectopia is difficult to diagnose with conventional imaging methods (plain radiography, ultrasound, and CT). MRI has proved to be an excellent method for assessment of genitourinary tract conditions, particularly when other diagnostic modalities have failed or are limited, due to the high resolution of MRI scans and the possibility of native image acquisition on all three orthogonal planes. MRI is the best diagnostic modality for visualization of the course and insertion of ectopic ureters, and enables precise surgical correction.

Introdução: Determinar prospectivamente a prevalência de lesão adrenal incidental a tomografia computadorizada (TC) em um hospital geral universitário brasileiro. Pacientes e Método: Estudo transversal, prospectivo, avaliando pacientes consecutivos sem doença adrenal conhecida, submetidos a TC de tórax e abdome no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, em um período de 10 meses. Incidentalomas adrenais foram definidos pela presença de alteração no contorno, tamanho ou densidade da glândula. Valores de kappa foram calculados, avaliando a concordância intra e inter-observador. Resultados: Identificaram-se 101 lesões adrenais incidentais em 83 de 3.382 pacientes, correspondendo a uma prevalência de 2,5% (IC 95%: 1,0%–3,2%). A prevalência de lesões adrenais aumentou com a idade e foi significativamente mais alta em pacientes do sexo masculino (3,3% vs. 1,5%; p= 0,01). Na avaliação das concordâncias intra e interobservador, obteve-se um kappa de 0,76 (boa concordância) e 0,83 (excelente concordância) respectivamente. Conclusões: A prevalência de incidentaloma adrenal detectada por TC foi semelhante à de diversas séries clínicas retrospectivas publicadas. Os dois fatores que influenciaram de forma independente a distribuição dos incidentalomas foram aumento na idade e sexo masculino. Objective: To prospectively determine the prevalence of incidental adrenal lesions at computed tomography (CT) at an University Hospital in Brazil. Patients and Method: A cross-sectional prospective study was performed to evaluate 3,382 consecutive patients with no known adrenal disease or malignancies who underwent chest and abdominal CT scans over a ten-month period. The cases of adrenal incidentaloma were defined by the presence of any change in gland contour, size or density. Kappa values were calculated, evaluating the intra and inter-observer agreement. Results: One hundred and one incidental adrenal masses were identified, corresponding to 83 cases and a prevalence of 2.5% (CI 95%: 1.0%–3.2%).Male patients presented a higher prevalence of incidentaloma than female (3.3% vs. 1.5%; p= 0.01). There was a significant a s s o c i ation between older age and higher frequency of incidentaloma. Kappa of 0.76 and 0.83 (good and excellent agreement, respectively), were obtained in evaluating the intra and inter-observer agreements. Conclusions: The prevalence of adrenal incidentaloma detected by CT was similar to that of various published retrospective clinical series. The two factors that independently influenced the distribution of incidentalomas were older age and being male.

Os nódulos de tireóide são um problema clínico comum e a punção aspirativa por agulha fina (PAAF) é o principal exame utilizado para seu diagnóstico diferencial. Recentemente, foi demonstrado que algumas características ultra-sonográficas dos nó- dulos estão associadas a um maior risco de câncer. Entretanto, não encontramos estudos que avaliassem o desempenho dos dois exames de forma comparativa e/ou complementar. OBJETIVO. Avaliar o desempenho da ultra-sonografia (US), da PAAF e de sua combinação no diagnóstico de câncer em nódulos de tireóide. MÉTODOS. Oitenta pacientes com nódulos únicos ou dominantes, com indicação cirúrgica, foram selecionados dentre 289 pacientes com nódulos tireoidianos atendidos entre março de 1995 e julho de 1997. Os pacientes foram submetidos à PAAF e à US de tireóide por um dos autores. A PAAF foi considerada positiva quando os achados citológicos eram suspeitos ou diagnósticos de câncer. A US foi considerada positiva quando os nódulos apresentavam pelo menos um dos seguintes achados: microcalcificações, hipoecogenicidade ou halo ausente. PAAF e US foram combinados em paralelo (o resultado positivo em qualquer um dos dois exames era considerado indicativo de malignidade) e em série (somente o resultado positivo de ambos os testes indicava presença de malignidade). RESULTADOS. A sensibilidade e a especificidade da PAAF na detecção do câncer em nódulos de tireóide foram, respectivamente, 87% e 62%, e a sensibilidade e a especificidade da US foram, respectivamente, 81% e 70%. A combinação em série dos dois exames (PAAF e US) resultou em sensibilidade de 69% e especificidade de 91%, e a combinação em paralelo (PAAF ou US) apresentou sensibilidade de 94% e especificidade de 52%. CONCLUSÃO. A US pode ser útil na avaliação dos nódulos de tireóide, alternativamente ou em combinações com a PAAF. Como o resultado da US depende da experiência do operador e das características do equipamento, são necessários estudos em diferentes centros para o seu uso na prática clínica. BACKGROUND. Thyroid nodules are a very common clinical problem and fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is its main diagnostic test. Recently, it has been shown that some ultrasonographic features are associated to an increased risk of cancer, but a comparison between FNAB and ultrasonography (US) or its combination is not available. The aim of this study was to evaluate FNAB and US performance, isolated or combined, for cancer diagnosis in thyroid nodules. METHODS. Eighty patients, with palpable solitary thyroid nodules or multinodular goiters, who were to undergo surgery, were selected among 289 patients seen in our clinic between March, 1995 and July, 1997. US and FNAB were performed by one of us. US was considered positive for cancer when microcalcifications, absent halo or hypoechogenicity were seen. FNAB was considered positive for cancer when it was either suspicious or compatible with malignancy. Both methods (FNAB and US) were evaluated in parallel combination (positive when FNAB or US was positive) and in serial combination (positive when both, FNAB and US, were positive). RESULTS. Sensitivity and specificity of FNAB and US for cancer diagnosis in thyroid nodules were, respectively, 87% and 62%, and 81% and 70%. Serial combination of FNA and US had sensitivity of 69% and specificity of 91%, and parallel combination resulted in sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 52%. CONCLUSION. The US had good accuracy in the evaluation of thyroid nodules, and can help us take some decisions in the clinical practice, supplementary to FNA. Nevertheless, the quality of the ultrasound examination depends on the experience of the examiner and on the characteristics of the equipment, so new studies are necessary to evaluate these factors to the current usage of ultrasonographic characteristics in the evaluation diagnostic of thyroid nodules.

Os nódulos de tireóide são um problema clínico comum e a punção aspirativa por agulha fina (PAAF) é o principal exame utilizado para seu diagnóstico diferencial. Recentemente, foi demonstrado que algumas características ultra-sonográficas dos nódulos estão associadas a um maior risco de câncer. Entretanto, não encontramos estudos que avaliassem o desempenho dos dois exames de forma comparativa e/ou complementar. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o desempenho da ultra-sonografia (US), da PAAF e de sua combinação no diagnóstico de câncer em nódulos de tireóide. MÉTODOS: Oitenta pacientes com nódulos únicos ou dominantes, com indicação cirúrgica, foram selecionados dentre 289 pacientes com nódulos tireoidianos atendidos entre março de 1995 e julho de 1997. Os pacientes foram submetidos à PAAF e à US de tireóide por um dos autores. A PAAF foi considerada positiva quando os achados citológicos eram suspeitos ou diagnósticos de câncer. A US foi considerada positiva quando os nódulos apresentavam pelo menos um dos seguintes achados: microcalcificações, hipoecogenicidade ou halo ausente. PAAF e US foram combinados em paralelo (o resultado positivo em qualquer um dos dois exames era considerado indicativo de malignidade) e em série (somente o resultado positivo de ambos os testes indicava presença de malignidade). RESULTADOS: A sensibilidade e a especificidade da PAAF na detecção do câncer em nódulos de tireóide foram, respectivamente, 87% e 62%, e a sensibilidade e a especificidade da US foram, respectivamente, 81% e 70%. A combinação em série dos dois exames (PAAF e US) resultou em sensibilidade de 69% e especificidade de 91%, e a combinação em paralelo (PAAF ou US) apresentou sensibilidade de 94% e especificidade de 52%. CONCLUSÃO: A US pode ser útil na avaliação dos nódulos de tireóide, alternativamente ou em combinações com a PAAF. Como o resultado da US depende da experiência do operador e das características do equipamento, são necessários estudos em diferentes centros para o seu uso na prática clínica.BACKGROUND: Thyroid nodules are a very common clinical problem and fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is its main diagnostic test. Recently, it has been shown that some ultrasonographic features are associated to an increased risk of cancer, but a comparison between FNAB and ultrasonography (US) or its combination is not available. The aim of this study was to evaluate FNAB and US performance, isolated or combined, for cancer diagnosis in thyroid nodules. METHODS: Eighty patients, with palpable solitary thyroid nodules or multinodular goiters, who were to undergo surgery, were selected among 289 patients seen in our clinic between March, 1995 and July, 1997. US and FNAB were performed by one of us. US was considered positive for cancer when microcalcifications, absent halo or hypoechogenicity were seen. FNAB was considered positive for cancer when it was either suspicious or compatible with malignancy. Both methods (FNAB and US) were evaluated in parallel combination (positive when FNAB or US was positive) and in serial combination (positive when both, FNAB and US, were positive). RESULTS: Sensitivity and specificity of FNAB and US for cancer diagnosis in thyroid nodules were, respectively, 87% and 62%, and 81% and 70%. Serial combination of FNA and US had sensitivity of 69% and specificity of 91%, and parallel combination resulted in sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 52%. CONCLUSION: The US had good accuracy in the evaluation of thyroid nodules, and can help us take some decisions in the clinical practice, supplementary to FNA. Nevertheless, the quality of the ultrasound examination depends on the experience of the examiner and on the characteristics of the equipment, so new studies are necessary to evaluate these factors to the current usage of ultrasonographic characteristics in the evaluation diagnostic of thyroid nodules.

We evaluated the efficacy of pineapple juice with gadopentetate dimeglumine as a negative oral contrast agent for magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). Images were obtained before and after the intake of a negative oral contrast agent. Images obtained from six different areas of the biliary tree were analyzed by three different radiologists, who were blind to the exams; scores regarding image quality were given to each area. The statistical analysis showed a significant difference between images before and after the use of the contrast agent (P

A lipomatose simétrica múltipla ou doença de Madelung é uma anormalidade rara, caracterizada por acúmulos profundos de tecido adiposo nas regiões cervical e torácica. Esta doença é associada ao abuso crônico de etanol, sendo mais comum em homens de descendência mediterrânea. Além de causar deformidade estética importante, pode levar a progressiva dificuldade respiratória. Fazemos aqui a descrição de um caso, revisando aspectos radiológicos e clínicos desta entidade.Multiple symmetrical lipomatosis (Madelung's disease) is a rare disorder characterized by deep accumulation of fat tissue, involving mainly the neck, shoulders and chest. This disease is associated with heavy alcohol intake and it is more common in men of Mediterranean origin. This disease can cause severe aesthetic deformities and progressive respiratory dysfunction. We report a case of a patient with multiple symmetrical lipomatosis and describe the clinical and radiological features of this disorder.

A histerossalpingografia é um exame realizado para avaliação da anatomia uterina e da permeabilidade tubária, característica esta que torna a pesquisa de causa de infertilidade primária ou secundária sua principal indicação. Este trabalho se propôs a estudar a prevalência de alterações na histerossalpingografia em pacientes com infertilidade. Para tal, foram alocadas todas as pacientes que se submeteram ao exame, num período de quatro meses. Entre as 48 pacientes estudadas, 36 apresentavam infertilidade primária e 12, infertilidade secundária. As pacientes com infertilidade primária apresentaram maior índice de malformações uterinas, enquanto as pacientes com infertilidade secundária apresentaram obstrução tubária como alteração mais freqüente. Não ocorreu nenhuma intercorrência significativa durante a realização dos exames. O trabalho permite afirmar que este exame é muito útil na pesquisa de infertilidade, uma vez que, freqüentemente, diagnostica alterações importantes, sendo um exame barato e de raras complicações. Hysterosalpingography is a technique used for the evaluation of the uterine anatomy and tubal patency and consequently it is primarily indicated for the diagnosis of infertility. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of the abnormalities observed on the hysterosalpingograms of infertile patients. All patients that underwent hysterosalpingographic evaluation in a period of four months were allocated. Of the 48 patients studied, 36 presented primary infertility and 12 presented secondary infertility. The patients with primary infertility presented a higher rate of uterine malformations whereas the patients with secondary infertility presented more often tubal obstruction. There were no significant complications during the hysterosalpingograms. This study demonstrates that hysterosalpingography is very useful for the evaluation of infertility, as it frequently diagnoses relevant abnormalities, it is an inexpensive technique and the complications are very rare.

Os autores relatam o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, 51 anos de idade, branca, com diagnóstico estabelecido de lúpus eritematoso sistêmico associado a evidência radiológica de fibrose pulmonar grave. A epidemiologia das manifestações pleuropulmonares do lúpus eritematoso sistêmico, dando ênfase à fibrose pulmonar, é discutida.The authors report the case of a 51-year-old white female with proven diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus and radiological evidence of severe pulmonary fibrosis. The epidemiology of pleuropulmonary manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus emphasizing pulmonary fibrosis is discussed.

Os autores relatam o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, 51 anos de idade, branca, com diagnóstico estabelecido de lúpus eritematoso sistêmico associado a evidência radiológica de fibrose pulmonar grave. A epidemiologia das manifestações pleuropulmonares do lúpus eritematoso sistêmico, dando ênfase à fibrose pulmonar, é discutida.

Os autores relatam o caso de um paciente branco, de quatro anos de idade, com comprometimento neurológico progressivo. Tomografia computadorizada do crânio e ressonância magnética evidenciaram lesão expansiva no tronco cerebral. Subseqüentemente, foi feito diagnóstico histopatológico de gliossarcoma. Trata-se de um tumor raro do sistema nervoso central que, na grande maioria dos casos, acomete pacientes acima dos 40 anos de idade e tem localização supratentorial. Há poucos casos relatados de gliossarcomas em crianças, sobretudo na região infratentorial. Dados epidemiológicos, assim como achados mais freqüentes na tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética, são discutidos.

The role of ultrasonography (US) in the diagnosis of cancer in thyroid nodules is not well-established. The aim of the present study was to evaluate US performance in predicting cancer in thyroid nodules using a novel approach. Two hundred and eighty-nine patients with thyroid nodular disease were evaluated with clinical, biochemical and cytopathological examinations. Eighty patients with palpable solitary thyroid nodules or multinodular goiters who were to undergo surgery were included, and had a US exam performed by one of us. Some US characteristics of thyroid nodules were associated to cancer: absent halo, hypoechogenicity and microcalcifications, with sensitivity, respectively, of 56, 44 and 56%, and specificity of, respectively, 80, 83 and 94%. These findings were considered positive and were studied in two different combinations: simultaneous, when two or more were positive, and parallel, when any positive finding was present. When positive findings were studied simultaneously, sensitivity ranged 25 to 38% and specificity ranged 89 to 97%. Microcalcifications, associated or not to other findings, were highly specific for thyroid cancer, but they were only present in half of the malignancies. When positive findings were studied in parallel, sensitivity ranged 69 to 81% and specificity ranged 70 to 81%. The parallel combination of hypoechogenicity or microcalcifications or absent halo improved US sensitivity to 81% with an acceptable specificity (70%). This method is potentially useful to help us select patients for surgery when fine-needle aspiration biopsy is repetitively non-diagnostic or select for biopsy incidentally discovered non-palpable nodules.

Os autores relatam o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, com 55 anos de idade, branco, com diagnóstico radiológico e histopatológico pós-cirúrgico de cisto hidático pulmonar gigante. A epidemiologia, fisiopatologia e características radiológicas desta doença são discutidas. The authors report a case of a 55-year-old white male patient with radiological and postsurgical histopathological diagnosis of a giant lung hydatid cyst. The epidemiological, physiopathological and radiological findings of this disease are discussed.

Os autores relatam o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, com 55 anos de idade, branco, com diagnóstico radiológico e histopatológico pós-cirúrgico de cisto hidático pulmonar gigante. A epidemiologia, fisiopatologia e características radiológicas desta doença são discutidas.The authors report a case of a 55-year-old white male patient with radiological and postsurgical histopathological diagnosis of a giant lung hydatid cyst. The epidemiological, physiopathological and radiological findings of this disease are discussed.