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14 results on '"Álvaro Gallo A"'

1. Crystallinity assessment of anthropogenic calcites using Raman micro-spectroscopy

Author

Michael B. Toffolo, Iddo Pinkas, Ana Álvaro Gallo, and Elisabetta Boaretto

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Anthropogenic calcite is a form of calcium carbonate produced through pyrotechnological activities, and it is the main component of materials such as lime binders and wood ash. This type of calcite is characterized by a significantly lower degree of crystallinity compared with its geogenic counterparts, as a result of different formation processes. The crystallinity of calcite can be determined using infrared spectroscopy in transmission mode, which allows decoupling particle size effect from atomic order and thus effectively distinguish anthropogenic and geogenic calcites. On the contrary, Raman micro-spectroscopy is still in the process of developing a reference framework for the assessment of crystallinity in calcite. Band broadening has been identified as one of the proxies for crystallinity in the Raman spectra of geogenic and anthropogenic calcites. Here we analyze the full width at half maximum of calcite bands in various geogenic and anthropogenic materials, backed against an independent crystallinity reference based on infrared spectroscopy. Results are then used to assess the crystallinity of anthropogenic calcite in archaeological lime binders characterized by different states of preservation, including samples affected by the formation of secondary calcite, and tested on micromorphology thin sections in which lime binders are embedded in sediments.

Published
2023
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4. Iron oxide and iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticles impair SARS-CoV-2 infection of cultured cells

Author

Marta L. DeDiego, Yadileiny Portilla, Neus Daviu, Darío López-García, Laura Villamayor, Vladimir Mulens-Arias, Jesús G. Ovejero, Álvaro Gallo-Cordova, Sabino Veintemillas-Verdaguer, M. Puerto Morales, and Domingo F. Barber

Subjects
Iron oxide nanoparticles, Iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticles, SARS-CoV-2, Viral infection, Viral replication, Oxidative stress, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Medical technology, R855-855.5
Abstract

Abstract Background Coronaviruses usually cause mild respiratory disease in humans but as seen recently, some human coronaviruses can cause more severe diseases, such as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the global spread of which has resulted in the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. Results In this study we analyzed the potential of using iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) coated with biocompatible molecules like dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APS) or carboxydextran (FeraSpin™ R), as well as iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticles (IOHNPs) coated with sucrose (Venofer®), or iron salts (ferric ammonium citrate -FAC), to treat and/or prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. At non-cytotoxic doses, IONPs and IOHNPs impaired virus replication and transcription, and the production of infectious viruses in vitro, either when the cells were treated prior to or after infection, although with different efficiencies. Moreover, our data suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection affects the expression of genes involved in cellular iron metabolism. Furthermore, the treatment of cells with IONPs and IOHNPs affects oxidative stress and iron metabolism to different extents, likely influencing virus replication and production. Interestingly, some of the nanoparticles used in this work have already been approved for their use in humans as anti-anemic treatments, such as the IOHNP Venofer®, and as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging in small animals like mice, such as the FeraSpin™ R IONP. Conclusions Therefore, our results suggest that IONPs and IOHNPs may be repurposed to be used as prophylactic or therapeutic treatments in order to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection. Graphical Abstract

Published
2022
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6. Multi-Proxy Environmental Reconstruction of the Covacha de los Zarpazos in Galería Site (Atapuerca, Spain).

Author

D'Arcangelo, Serena, Martín-Hernández, Fátima, María Parés, Josep, Álvaro Gallo, Ana, Isabel Ortega, Ana, García-Medrano, Paula, and Cáceres, Isabel

Subjects
SEDIMENTATION & deposition, IRON oxides, MAGNETIC properties, GEOCHEMISTRY, SOIL formation, WEATHERING
Abstract

Magnetic properties of iron oxides provide invaluable data for environmental reconstruction during sediment deposition. Encouraged by the results of our previous studies in the near Gran Dolina site, we investigate the GI waterlain facies sediments that fill Galería Complex cave (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain), in particular the Covacha de los Zarpazos cave considering two vertical profiles at different walls and comparing them with two profiles previously analysed. For the first time in this cave, we propose a correlation among these two walls based on the low field susceptibility values. An environmental reconstruction is proposed based on the pedogenesis and weathering processes, and water activity influencing the composition, concentration and grain size of magnetic minerals. In order to have a more comprehensive interpretation, elemental geochemistry was also analysed. The results allow to identify three different sections with the alternation of environmental characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. Earliest known human burial in Africa

Author

Martinón-Torres, María, d’Errico, Francesco, Santos, Elena, Álvaro Gallo, Ana, Amano, Noel, Archer, William, Armitage, Simon J., Arsuaga, Juan Luis, Bermúdez de Castro, José María, Blinkhorn, James, Crowther, Alison, Douka, Katerina, Dubernet, Stéphan, Faulkner, Patrick, Fernández-Colón, Pilar, Kourampas, Nikos, González García, Jorge, Larreina, David, Le Bourdonnec, François-Xavier, MacLeod, George, Martín-Francés, Laura, Massilani, Diyendo, Mercader, Julio, Miller, Jennifer M., Ndiema, Emmanuel, Notario, Belén, Pitarch Martí, Africa, Prendergast, Mary E., Queffelec, Alain, Rigaud, Solange, Roberts, Patrick, Shoaee, Mohammad Javad, Shipton, Ceri, Simpson, Ian, Boivin, Nicole, and Petraglia, Michael D.

Published
2021
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9. Revision of TD1 and TD2 stratigraphic sequence of Gran Dolina cave (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain)

Author

I. Campaña, A. Benito-Calvo, A. Pérez-González, A. Álvaro-Gallo, L. Miguens-Rodríguez, J. Iglesias-Cibanal, J. M. Bermúdez de Castro, and E. Carbonell

Subjects
Stratigraphy, Geology
Abstract

Gran Dolina is a cavity infilled by at least 25 m of Pleistocene sediments divided into 12 lithostratigraphic units and 19 sedimentary facies. These sedimentary facies have been divided into allochthonous facies, defined as sediment inputs from the outside, and autochthonous facies, defined as sediments generated within the karst; but this division has been challenged in recent works. In this study, TD1 and TD2 units of Gran Dolina have been detailed studied and the use of autochthonous facies has been assessed. For that purpose, we have studied the stratigraphic excavation profile, combining field observation with laboratory sedimentary analysis (sieving, laser diffraction, and XRD) to characterize the texture and structure of the sediments. Based on these studies, a total of 8 sedimentary facies have been identified. Consequently, TD1 unit has been separated into two sub-units and 13 layers, while the TD2 unit has been divided into three sub-units. The facies associations indicate a succession of phreatic and vadose phases that would define together epiphreatic conditions inside the cave, related to the transition between Arlanzón valley terraces T3 and T4. Interior facies (and entrance facies for allochthonous facies) is proposed to define Gran Dolina's sediments since the facies analyses indicate transport by underground flows.

Published
2022
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12. Earliest known human burial in Africa

Author

François-Xavier Le Bourdonnec, Emmanuel Ndiema, Belén Notario, Ian Simpson, Africa Pitarch Martí, Will Archer, David Larreina, Nikos Kourampas, Michael D. Petraglia, Patrick Roberts, Stéphan Dubernet, Nicole Boivin, Francesco d'Errico, Mary E. Prendergast, Mohammad Javad Shoaee, José María Bermúdez de Castro, Patrick Faulkner, Laura Martín-Francés, Jennifer M. Miller, Elena Santos, María Martinón-Torres, Katerina Douka, Ana Álvaro Gallo, Ceri Shipton, Pilar Fernández-Colón, James Blinkhorn, Juan Luis Arsuaga, Solange Rigaud, Simon J. Armitage, Noel Amano, Julio Mercader, Alain Queffelec, Diyendo Massilani, Alison Crowther, Jorge González García, George W MacLeod, Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Department of Anthropology [University College of London], University College of London [London] (UCL), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro Mixto Universidad Complutense de Madrid - Instituto de Salud Carlos III de Evolucion y Comportamiento Humanos, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, 07745, Germany, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, National Museum, Bloemfontein, South Africa, Department of Geography, Royal Holloway, Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), SFF Centre for Early Sapiens Behaviour (SapienCE), University of Bergen (UiB), Departamento de Paleontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Pan-African Evolution Research Group, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany, School of Social Science, University of Queensland, University of Queensland [Brisbane], The Palaeogenomics & Bio-Archaeology Research Network, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and History of Art, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Department of Archaeology, The University of Sydney, Centre for Open Learning, University of Edinburgh, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences,University of Stirling, 3D Applications Engineer and Heritage Specialist Digital Heritage and Humanities Collections, University of South Florida, Tampa, Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, University of Calgary, Department of Earth Sciences [Nairobi], National Museums of Kenya, Seminari d’Estudis i Recerques Prehistòriques (SERP), Facultat de Geografia i Història, Departament d’Història i Arqueologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Department of Anthropology, Rice University, Houston, Rice University [Houston], Institute of Archaeology, University College London, London, UK, School of Natural Sciences and ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia, University of Edinburgh, School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Smithsonian Institution, University of Southern Queensland (USQ), Human origins program, and Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution (ARCHE)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Burial, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, media_common.quotation_subject, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Art history, 01 natural sciences, Paleontología, Bone and Bones, 03 medical and health sciences, Cultural Evolution, Animals, Dentition, Humans, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, History, Ancient, Skeleton, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, biology, Fossils, Garcia, Biological anthropology, Miller, Hominidae, Art, biology.organism_classification, Kenya, Child, Preschool
Abstract

The origin and evolution of hominin mortuary practices are topics of intense interest and debate1–3. Human burials dated to the Middle Stone Age (MSA) are exceedingly rare in Africa and unknown in East Africa1–6. Here we describe the partial skeleton of a roughly 2.5- to 3.0-year-old child dating to 78.3 ± 4.1 thousand years ago, which was recovered in the MSA layers of Panga ya Saidi (PYS), a cave site in the tropical upland coast of Kenya7,8. Recent excavations have revealed a pit feature containing a child in a flexed position. Geochemical, granulometric and micromorphological analyses of the burial pit content and encasing archaeological layers indicate that the pit was deliberately excavated. Taphonomical evidence, such as the strict articulation or good anatomical association of the skeletal elements and histological evidence of putrefaction, support the in-place decomposition of the fresh body. The presence of little or no displacement of the unstable joints during decomposition points to an interment in a filled space (grave earth), making the PYS finding the oldest known human burial in Africa. The morphological assessment of the partial skeleton is consistent with its assignment to Homo sapiens, although the preservation of some primitive features in the dentition supports increasing evidence for non-gradual assembly of modern traits during the emergence of our species. The PYS burial sheds light on how MSA populations interacted with the dead. Primary and intentional deposit Burial versus funerary caching Taxonomic assessment Implications for human cultural evolution Online content

Published
2021
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13. Earliest known human burial in Africa

Author

Martinón Torres, María, d’Errico, Francesco, Santos, Elena, Álvaro Gallo, Ana, Amano, Noel, Archer, William, Armitage, Simon J., Arsuaga Ferreras, Juan Luis, Bermúdez de Castro, José María, Blinkhorn, James, Crowther, Alison, Douka, Katerina, Dubernet, Stéphan, Faulkner, Patrick, Fernández Colón, Pilar, Kourampas, Nikos, González García, Jorge, Larreina, David, Le Bourdonnec, François-Xavier, MacLeod, George, Martín-Francés, Laura, Massilani,, Diyendo, Mercader, Julio, Miller, Jennifer M., Ndiema, Emmanuel, Notario, Belén, Pitarch Martí, Africa, Prendergast, Mary E., Queffelec, Alain, Rigaud, Solange, Roberts, Patrick, Shoaee, Mohammad Javad, Shipton, Ceri, Simpson, Ian, Boivin, Nicole, Petraglia, Michael D., Martinón Torres, María, d’Errico, Francesco, Santos, Elena, Álvaro Gallo, Ana, Amano, Noel, Archer, William, Armitage, Simon J., Arsuaga Ferreras, Juan Luis, Bermúdez de Castro, José María, Blinkhorn, James, Crowther, Alison, Douka, Katerina, Dubernet, Stéphan, Faulkner, Patrick, Fernández Colón, Pilar, Kourampas, Nikos, González García, Jorge, Larreina, David, Le Bourdonnec, François-Xavier, MacLeod, George, Martín-Francés, Laura, Massilani,, Diyendo, Mercader, Julio, Miller, Jennifer M., Ndiema, Emmanuel, Notario, Belén, Pitarch Martí, Africa, Prendergast, Mary E., Queffelec, Alain, Rigaud, Solange, Roberts, Patrick, Shoaee, Mohammad Javad, Shipton, Ceri, Simpson, Ian, Boivin, Nicole, and Petraglia, Michael D.

Abstract

The origin and evolution of hominin mortuary practices are topics of intense interest and debate. Human burials dated to the Middle Stone Age (MSA) are exceedingly rare in Africa and unknown in East Africa. Here we describe the partial skeleton of a roughly 2.5- to 3.0-year-old child dating to 78.3 ± 4.1 thousand years ago, which was recovered in the MSA layers of Panga ya Saidi (PYS), a cave site in the tropical upland coast of Kenya. Recent excavations have revealed a pit feature containing a child in a flexed position. Geochemical, granulometric and micromorphological analyses of the burial pit content and encasing archaeological layers indicate that the pit was deliberately excavated. Taphonomical evidence, such as the strict articulation or good anatomical association of the skeletal elements and histological evidence of putrefaction, support the in-place decomposition of the fresh body. The presence of little or no displacement of the unstable joints during decomposition points to an interment in a filled space (grave earth), making the PYS finding the oldest known human burial in Africa. The morphological assessment of the partial skeleton is consistent with its assignment to Homo sapiens, although the preservation of some primitive features in the dentition supports increasing evidence for non-gradual assembly of modern traits during the emergence of our species. The PYS burial sheds light on how MSA populations interacted with the dead., Unión Europea. FP7, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN)/FEDER, Research Council of Norway, Generalitat de Catalunya, Max Planck Society, Leakey Foundation, Ramón Areces/Atapuerca Foundation, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, University of Bordeaux, Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Fac. de Ciencias Geológicas, TRUE, pub

Published
2021

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