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Dans de cet article, nous nous interrogeons à propos de la relation entre l’unité phraséologique appelée construction française fondamentale et la notion d’identitème. Nous souhaitons analyser de quelle manière ces deux unités peuvent être entrelacées et analyser quelles dynamiques entrent en jeu lors du figement des traits identitaires dans ces constructions. Pour cela, nous analyserons des exemples extraits de notre corpus oral ou écrit-oralisé obtenu à partir des médias comme les publicités, la radio, la télévision et les réseaux sociaux. Notre intérêt est de voir de quelle manière la notion identitaire est intrinsèquement liée au domaine phraséologique et à la notion de figement. Mots clés : Identitème, construction française fondamentale, figement, phraséologie, linguistique.

espanolEn este articulo exploramos los mecanismos en los cuales se fundamenta la capacidad de las comunidades para resistir de manera efectiva la influencia de los cultivos de uso ilicito o las condiciones que explican la mayor dotacion de capital social, a partir de la experiencia en un Consejo Comunitario Afrocolombiano al sur del municipio de Buenaventura. Nuestro caso de estudio tiene varios antecedentes de resistencia comunitaria a las economicas ilicitas y ha sido particularmente efectivo en detener la expansion de cultivos de coca y mineria ilegal en su territorio. Partiendo de datos y resultados recogidos en trabajos de campo previos, asi como insumos adicionales a partir de entrevistas y discusiones con un lider de este Consejo y coautor del articulo, seguimos un metodo cualitativo de analisis tematico para profundizar en los mecanismos que explican la resistencia efectiva. Identificamos tres condiciones que permiten explicar dicha resistencia: la complementariedad funcional entre las organizaciones de base, el ejercicio del liderazgo distribuido (o colectivo) y la influencia de liderazgos fundacionales. Estas condiciones no son facilmente transferibles. Por lo tanto, la posibilidad de replicar la capacidad de resistencia comunitaria en otros contextos es limitada. No obstante, el caso brinda elementos que pueden ser utiles para comunidades y territorios en contextos similares. EnglishIn this article, we explore the mechanisms on which the capacity of communities to resist the influence of illicit crops is based or the conditions that explain higher ‘stock’ of social capital in one Afro-Colombian Community Council in the south of the municipality of Buenaventura, Colombia. This council has a history of community resistance to illicit economies and has been particularly effective in halting the expansion of coca crops and illegal mining in its territory. Drawing upon data and results from our previous studies and additional inputs from one of the authors, a leader of the council himself, we followed a qualitative method based on thematic analysis to understand the conditions that explain effective community resistance. We identified three conditions: functional complementarity among grassroots organizations, the exercise of distributed (or collective) leadership, and the influence of foundational leaders. These conditions are not easily transferable. Therefore, the possibility of replicating community resistance in other contexts is limited. The analysis, however, provides insights that may be useful for communities in similar contexts. portuguesNeste artigo exploramos os mecanismos nos quais se fundamenta a capacidade das comunidades para resistir de maneira efetiva a influencia dos cultivos de uso ilicito ou as condicoes que explicam a maior dotacao de capital social, a partir da experiencia em um conselho comunitario afro-colombiano no sul do municipio de Buenaventura. Nosso caso de estudo tem varios antecedentes de resistencia comunitaria as economicas ilicitas e tem sido particularmente efetivo em deter a expansao de cultivos de coca e mineracao ilegal em seu territorio. A partir de dados e resultados recolhidos em trabalhos de campo previos, assim como insumos adicionais a partir de entrevistas e discussoes com um lider deste Conselho e coautor do artigo, seguimos um metodo qualitativo de analise tematica para aprofundar nos mecanismos que explicam a resistencia efetiva. Identificamos tres condicoes que permitem explicar dita resistencia: a complementariedade funcional entre as organizacoes de base, o exercicio da lideranca distribuida (ou coletiva) e a influencia de liderancas fundacionais. Estas condicoes nao sao facilmente transferiveis. Portanto, a possibilidade de replicar a capacidade de resistencia comunitaria em outros contextos e limitada. No entanto, o caso brinda elementos que podem ser uteis para comunidades e territorios em contextos similares.

The social distancing measures implemented to contain the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic worldwide have created a series of emotional and economic challenges. The aim of the present work was to explore the experiences of families with children and adolescents during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in Uruguay. An online study was conducted in March 2020 with 1725 parents with children under 18 years old. A series of closed and open-ended questions about their family life since the implementation of social distancing measures were asked, addressing the following topics: how they had felt, changes they had experienced in their daily life, children's daily routine, changes implemented in relation to child-care, changes they had perceived in children's eating patterns, changes in their relationship with their children, changes in their children's mood and behavior, and their reaction to those changes. Results showed that the coronavirus pandemic elicited negative feelings in the majority of participants, mainly related to worry, fear, anxiety and uncertainty. Social distancing measures caused a major disruption in daily habits, which were mostly attributed to changes in work-related activities and the closure of educational institutions. Changes in children's mood and behavior were perceived by the majority of the participants, who mainly referred to boredom, agitation and restlessness. Although some participants reported difficulties to cope with children's behavior during social distancing, others valued the opportunity of spending more time with their children. In terms of children's eating patterns, changes related to both an increase and a decrease in the consumption of healthy foods were observed. Results from the present work have relevant implications for public health policy and practice by highlighting the importance of providing emotional and psychological support to people during social distancing measures and providing insights for the design of communication campaigns and interventions.

Described as the ‘invisible epidemic’, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the world’s leading cause of death. Most are caused by preventable factors, including poor diet, tobacco use, harmful use of alcohol and physical inactivity. Diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular and chronic lung diseases were responsible for 38 million (68%) of global deaths in 2012. Since 1990, proportionate NCD mortality has increased substantially as populations have aged and communicable diseases decline. The majority of NCD deaths, especially premature NCD deaths (

Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre intoxicación plúmbica crónica y alteraciones del crecimiento y desarrollo cognitivo-emocional en niños del colegio "María Reiche"- Callao. Diseño: Estudio observacional de corte transversal. Material y Métodos: A 70 niños de 8 a 12 años de edad del C.E. Nº 5045 "María Reiche" del A.A.H.H. "Puerto Nuevo"- Callao, que participaron en el estudio de dosaje de plomo en sangre hecho por la Dirección General de Salud Ambiental en 1999, se les aplicó pruebas de seguimiento de instrucciones, habilidades motoras, comunicativas, manipulativas, académicas y la lista de chequeo de ansiedad. Se midió el coeficiente intelectual e índice de masa corporal. Para el procesamiento de los datos se empleó las pruebas chi-cuadrado, t de Student, correlación y regresión lineal simple, usando el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 11.0, con un nivel de confianza de 95%. Resultados: Los niveles de plomo en sangre y los grados de ansiedad se relacionaron significativamente mediante la prueba chi-cuadrado (p=0,025); se encontró diferencias significativas entre las medias del puntaje de la lista de chequeo de ansiedad y la categorización de los niveles de plomo, mediante la prueba t de Student (p= 0,031). La relación entre los niveles de plomo en sangre y el coeficiente intelectual, las habilidades académicas, motoras, comunicativas, manipulativas, seguimiento de instrucciones e índice de masa corporal no resultaron significativos. Conclusiones: Se encontró asociación significativa entre la intoxicación plúmbica crónica y el grado de ansiedad (desarrollo emocional). Sin embargo, no se encontró asociación con el crecimiento ni con el desarrollo cognitivo. Objective: To determine the association between chronic lead intoxication and growth and cognitive-emotional development alterations in children at "María Reiche" school - Callao. Design: Crossectional study. Material and Methods: To 70 children 8 to 12 year-old from "María Reiche" school (A.A.H.H. "Puerto Nuevo"- Callao), who had participated in a survey blood lead screening (General Direction of Environmental Health, in 1999), we applied instructions monitoring tests, communicative, motor, manipulator, and academic abilities test as well as anxiety checkup list. The intellectual coefficient and BMI (body mass index) were measured. Chi square, t-Student and simple lineal correlation tests were employed for prosecution of data using the statistical package SPSS version 11.0 with a 95% confidence level. Results: By chi square test there was a significant (p=0,025) relation between blood lead levels and degrees of anxiety. There was significant difference between anxiety check-up list score averages and categorization of lead levels by t-Student test (p=0,031). The relation between blood lead levels and intellectual coefficient, as well as communicative, motor, academic, manipulator abilities, monitoring of instructions and body mass index did not turn out to be significant. Conclusion: There is an association between chronic lead intoxication and anxiety degree (emotional development). However, there was no association with growth or cognitive development.

Objetivos: Describir el tratamiento para infección por Bartonella bacilliformis, en Caraz, Ancash. Diseño: Estudio observacional, transversal y retrospectivo. Lugar: Caraz, Ancash, Perú. Pacientes: Quinientos dieciocho pacientes. Intervenciones: Recolección de datos, entre enero 2004 y marzo 2005, por medio de historias clínicas realizadas en el Hospital de Caraz. Principales medidas de resultados: Esquemas de tratamiento para infección por Bartonella bacilliformis. Resultados: Se registró 248 pacientes en fase aguda. En 215 (86,7%), se indicó cloramfenicol para su tratamiento y en todos ellos no se registró la dosis de carga de 50 mg/kg, por 3 días; 164 (66,1%) pacientes necesitaron una dosis de cloramfenicol superior a 25 mg/kg. En fase eruptiva, se registró 270 pacientes; en 260 (96,3%) se indicó rifampicina y 222 (82,2%) sobrepasaron los 21 días de duración de tratamiento con dicho antibiótico. Cloramfenicol obtuvo un 89% de eficacia en curación clínica y rifampicina, 93,1%. Conclusiones: En la población estudiada, existió una marcada tendencia a aumentar la dosis de cloramfenicol e incrementar el número de días de tratamiento con rifampicina, en fase aguda y eruptiva, respectivamente, de la Enfermedad de Carrión.