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Trabajo presentado en la VI Reunión Científica de Arqueomalacología de la Península Ibérica, celebrada en Malloraca (España), del 7 al 9 de noviembre de 2019

Portuguese amber has received very little attention from the paleontological and geological points of view. To our knowledge, only twelve amber outcrops or amber-bearing areas have been detected in Portugal. The first outcrops were cited in times as old as 1867 and 1910, and although some of them were considered Jurassic in age, most likely the amber came from Cretaceous deposits. The Portuguese outcrops are poor in amber and, thus far, only a dipteran (Nematocera) insect has been found as bioinclusion (Cascais amber); the area of Estoril-Cascais, near Lisbon, provides amber interesting from the paleoentomological standpoint. In contrast, prehistoric amber from Portugal, namely as diverse types of beads and pendants, has been researched in some detail during the last decades. The 25 archeological localities known occur from north to south, ranging in ages from the Neolithic through the Chalcolithic to the Late Bronze Age. Further research is required to prospect the known paleontological localities, and also to look for new ones, in order to obtain stratigraphically contextualized samples and to perform the first infrared and/or Raman spectroscopy analyses. This will allow comparing these with the infrared and/or Raman spectra of archeological pieces to shed light on the origin of the amber as a raw material during prehistoric times. The potential discovery of a paleontological locality yielding abundant bioinclusions would be of great interest, as it would allow taxonomic and paleoecological comparisons with the rich Cretaceous outcrops from the north and northeastern Iberian Peninsula

[ES] En este capítulo presentamos la síntesis paleoecológica y paleoambiental de la cueva de Coímbre obtenido a partir de las diferentes evidencias proporcionadas paleovegetales y paleofaunísticas y siguiendo los resultados de los estudios polínicos, antracológicas, macro- y micofaunísticos. Los resultados muestran un medio con paisajes abiertos y unas condiciones frías más o menos rigurosas según el momento bajo las cuales tuvieron lugar las ocupaciones humanas del Gravetiense y Magdaleniense inferior y medio. La secuencia arqueológica culmina con una fase más húmeda y una mayor diversidad del ecosistema durante el Magdaleniense superior., [ES] In this chapter we offer a paleoecological and paleoenvironmental synthesis of the Coímbre cave using the evidence provided by plant and animal remains, as well as the results of the studies on pollen, wood charcoal, and microfauna. The result shows a milieu characterized by open landscapes and cold conditions of varying degrees of severity, depending on the time when the Gravettian and Lower and Middle Magdalenian human occupations took place. The archaeological sequence culminates in a more humid phase with a greater diversity of ecosystems during the Upper Magdalenian.

Trabajo presentado en el congreso Iber-Crono 2016 (Cronometrías para la historia de la Península Ibérica), celebrado en Barcelona del 17 al 19 de octubre de 2016.

57th Annual Meeting in Heidenheim, 7-11 April 2015. Erlangen: Hugo Obermaier-Gesellschaft für Erforschung des Eiszeitalters und der Steinzeit e. V. = Hugo Obermaier Society for Quaternary Research and Archaeology of the Stone Age, 2015, Coímbre cave (135 meters asl) is located on the southwestern slope of Mount Pendendo (532 m), in the small valley of Besnes river, tributary of Cares river, in a medium-higher mountain are in the central-western Cantabria –northern Iberian Peninsula- (Álvarez-Alonso et al., 2009; 2013b). The landscape in the surroundings of the cave –situated in an interior valley but near to the current coast in a low altitude- can be described as a mountainous environment where valleys, small hills and steep mountains with high slopes are integrated, which confer a relative variety of ecosystems to this area. Coímbre contains an important archaeological site divided in two different areas. B Area, is the farthest from the entrance, and is the place where took place the excavations carried out to date, between 2008 and 2012 (Álvarez-Alonso et al., 2009, 2011, 2013a, 2013b). Coímbre B shows a complete and very interesting Magdalenian sequence (with Lower, Middle and Upper Magdalenian levels), and a gravettian level, that converts this cave in one of the biggest habitat areas in western Cantabria. Its rich set of bone industries, mobiliar art and ornaments, provide key information that shows the connections between this area, the Pyrenees and the south-west of Aquitaine. Moreover, Coímbre cave presents an interesting set of Magdalenian engravings, located in different places of the cavity, both in open and accessible areas, and in narrower and inaccessible places, which clearly define two different symbolic spaces. All this artistic expressions belong to the Magdalenian, and it is possible to establish a division between a set of engravings framed in the first stages of this period (the most abundant and remote); and a more limited set of engravings, in which stand out a block with a engraving of a bison with a deep trace of more than one meter long, that belongs to the recent Magdalenian. This work presents the preliminary results of the analysis of Magdalenian occupations in Coímbre, after the end of the excavations in B Area, and the study of its rock art, shaping this site as one of the most important places of Magdalenian human activities in western Cantabria.

V Jornades d’Arqueologia de les Illes Balears (Palma, 28 a 30 de setembre, 2012), En el següent treball es recullen els primers resultats de la 6a campanya d’excavacions arqueològiques al jaciment de Cap de Barbaria II (Formentera), portada a terme el passat mes d’abril de 2012 i on s’intervingué sobre el sector NE del assentament.

En la Zona Arqueológica de La Garma (Omoño, Cantabria) se han excavado diferentes yacimientos con cronologías que van desde el Paleolítico inferior hasta la Edad Media. En uno de ellos, la cueva de El Truchiro, se documentó un nivel mesolítico (nivel II) datado en el VIII milenio cal BC con gran abundancia de restos animales (mamíferos, moluscos, crustáceos y equinodermos). En su interior se halló una tumba de un individuo juvenil datada a comienzos del VI milenio cal BC. En esta comunicación se analizan los restos arqueomalacológicos terrestres y marinos del citado nivel mesolítico. La especie de gasterópodo terrestre más abundante es Cepaea nemoralis. Entre los moluscos marinos predominan las lapas (Patella vulgata, Patella intermedia y Patella ulyssiponensis) y el caracol Osilinus lineatus. También hay que destacar la presencia de determinadas especies de moluscos marinos (Cerastoderma sp. y Trivia sp. ), con evidencias de modificaciones antrópicas.

Introducción: La disfunción inicial del injerto renal extraído por laparoscopia en un donante vivo es un aspecto que, aún hoy, crea ciertas controversias. El síndrome de isquemia-reperfusión explicaría parcialmente esta disfunción inicial del injerto trasplantado que, según su intensidad, puede llegar a condicionar una menor supervivencia del riñón. Analizamos en un modelo experimental de donante vivo la repercusión hemodinámica, bioquímica e histológica de la extracción laparoscópica del injerto. Como objetivo secundario evaluamos el papel de la aplicación de una técnica de preservación (perfusión en bomba) durante los minutos de isquemia fría. Material y métodos: Utilizamos 20 cerdos tipo large-white (peso 40-45 kgrs), que fueron divididos en 4 grupos: Grupo A: Extracción laparoscópica + perfusión inmediata del injerto tras la extracción mediante bomba pulsátil + Autotrasplante. Grupo B: Extracción laparoscópica + perfusión por gravedad del injerto + Autotrasplante. Grupo C: Extracción por cirugía abierta + perfusión inmediata del injerto tras la extracción mediante bomba pulsátil + Autotrasplante. Grupo D: Extracción por cirugía abierta + perfusión por gravedad del injerto + Autotrasplante. Las extracciones laparoscópica y por cirugía abierta se realizaron por vía transperitoneal con técnica estandarizada y sistemática. La perfusión hipotérmica en bomba se llevó a cabo mediante un sistema pulsátil diseñado por nuestro grupo. Resultados. Comprobamos que el flujo arterial del riñón trasplantado que previamente fue extraído por laparoscopia, es menor que los extraídos por cirugía abierta, y existe una tendencia a recuperarse tras la primera hora post-reperfusión. La aplicación de un periodo corto de preservación del injerto durante la isquemia fría no mejora el patrón hemodinámico del injerto trasplantado, incluso resulta perjudicial. Por otro lado, la concentración de óxido nítrico en sangre venosa del injerto extraído por laparoscopia fue menor que la de los obtenidos mediante cirugía abierta. Finalmente, el estudio histológico mostró peor conservación de los elementos túbulo-glomerular y endotelial en los órganos extraídos por laparoscopia. Conclusiones: En nuestra experiencia: - La extracción laparoscópica renal en un modelo de donante vivo frente a la extracción abierta, determina un menor flujo renal y mayor resistencia vascular. - Esta alteración hemodinámica de los riñones extraídos por laparoscopia tiene tendencia a corregirse a los 60 minutos tras la reperfusión. - Existe una menor concentración sanguínea de NO en los injertos trasplantados que fueron extraídos por laparoscopia en comparación con el grupo extraídos por cirugía abierta. Introduction: Delayed graft function alter living donor transplantation is a subject of debate. Delayed graft function can be partially explained by renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, when severe is associated with decreased graft survival. In this experimental living donor model study, we analyze the hemodynamic, histological and biochemical effects of laparoscopic nephrectomy. We also, analyze the effect of a pulsatile machine perfusion for kidney preservation during cold ischemia time. Material and methods: Twenty large-white pigs (average weight 40-45 kgrs) were divided in 4 experimental groups: Group A: Laparoscopic nephrectomy+ immediate graft perfusion in pulsatile vacuum pump+autotransplant Group B: Laparoscopic nephrectomy+ immediate graft perfusion by gravity+autotransplant Group C: Open nephrectomy+immediate graft perfusion in pulsatile vacuum pump+autotransplant Group D: Open nephrectomy+ immediate graft perfusion by gravity+autotransplant Both laparoscopic and open nephrectomy were completed transperitoneally according to standardized technique. Hypothermic perfusion was done in a system designed in our lab. Results. We observed a decreased renal artery flow in kidneys procured laparoscopically compared to open nephrectomy. We found an artery flow recorvery during the first 60 minutes after revascularization. Renal machine perfusion during cold ischemia time seems to have no beneficial effect, but shows a deleterious effect on hemodynamic event for renal transplantation. Lower plasma nitric oxide level is observed in kidneys obtained by laparoscopy compared with open surgical technique. And finally, we also found higher histological damage in proximal tubular and endothelial cell, in kidneys obtained by laparoscopy compared with open surgery. Conclusions: In our experience: - Laparoscopic nephrectomy versus open nephrectomy produces, in a model of living donor transplant, a lower value or renal blood flow and a higher value of renal vascular resístanse. - These hemodynamic findings tend to normalize by 60 min after the reperfusion. - A lower blood concentration of nitric oxide after the transplant was detected in laparoscopic group Vs open surgery group.

Bronchial mucoepidermoid tumors are uncommon neoplasms, morphologically similar to their salivary gland counterpart. The histogenesis is controversial. The aim of this study is to identify myoepithelial cells and speculate on their role in the origin of these tumors. Methods and Results: Sixteen bronchial mucoepidermoid tumor surgical specimens were formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded and studied using a panel of nine antibodies in order to identify a myoepithelial differentiation. Additional antigens against several cytokeratins were performed in four cases and five of the biopies were studied using the electron microscopy. The different types of cells of the primary bronchial mucoepidermoid tumor (mucous luminal, intermediate and squamous) reacted strongly against AE1, CK7, 34bE12 and weakly with AE3, CK18 and CK8/18/19. S-100, a-smooth muscle actin, muscle actin HHF35 and a-actinin were consistently negative in all cell types. CD10 was positive in very few cells in just one case. Conclusion: The immunohistochemical and the ultrastructural study of bronchial mucoepidermiod tumors support a ductal unit origin, without a myoepithelial participation.

PROPÓSITO: Los tumores pulmonares con diferenciación neuroendocrina (DN) son un grupo heterogéneo de neoplasias que incluyen tumores carcinoides típicos, carcinoides atípicos, carcinomas neuroendocrinos de células grandes (CNCG) y carcinoma pulmonar de células pequeñas. Los CNCG constituyen menos del 5% de los carcinomas pulmonares no células pequeñas (CPNCP). En este trabajo se describe una serie de CNCG, tratados en un solo centro a lo largo de 10 años. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se analizan 11 pacientes diagnosticados de CNCG (5 con histologías mixtas). RESULTADOS: La edad media de los pacientes fue de 66 años, 5 fueron varones, 4 tuvieron enfermedad localizada, 5 localmente avanzada y 2 diseminada. Siete pacientes, con tumores localizados, fueron tratados con cirugía radical, 2 de ellos recibieron quimioterapia adyuvante; 1 quimioterapia y radioterapia y los otros 3 solo quimioterapia. La mediana de supervivencia de la serie es de 24 meses, y la supervivencia global a 2 y 5 años del 45% y 27% respectivamente. CONCLUSIÓN: Los datos de nuestra serie corroboran las recomendaciones de que el manejo de los CNCG debe hacerse de forma similar al del resto de los CPNCP. La cirugía radical es el tratamiento fundamental en los tumores localizados. No hay datos suficientes que indiquen una peor respuesta a los tratamientos de quimioterapia o radioterapia en este tipo de tumores. PURPOSE: Lung carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation are a heterogeneous group of tumors related to typical and atypical carcinoids, neuroendocrine large-cell carcinomas (NLCC) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). NLCC comprises less than 5% of non small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this report, we describe a series of NLCC treated in a single institution in the last ten years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eleven patients diagnosed as having NLCC (5 of them with mixed histology). RESULTS: At diagnosis, the mean age of the patients was 66 years (5 males and 6 females); 4 had localized disease, 5 locally advanced disease, and 2 metastatic disease. Seven patients underwent initial radical surgery (2 of them followed by adjuvant chemotherapy), 1 patient received chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and 3 patients only chemotherapy. Median overall survival for the whole series was 24 months, and the overall 2-year and 5-year survival were 45% and 27% respectively. CONCLUSION: Our data corroborate the general recommendation of treating NLCC in a similar way as the rest of the non small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are treated. Radical surgery is the main treatment for localized tumors. There are no data indicating a worse response of these tumors to radiation therapy or chemotherapy.