Search

The phenomenon of substance use disorders (SUDs) represents a continuous challenge from medical, psychological, social and economic perspectives, although constant efforts have been made in the last decades to elucidate the pathophysiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of this type of pathology. Intensely studied at the clinical and translational level, SUDs can also be subjected to a phenomenological analysis, more specifically for this review, from the perspective of substance-induced altered states of consciousness (ASC). Such an approach is considered useful because of the need to define the vulnerability and resilience factors for addictive disorders, and how each individual perceives the experience of intoxication with psychoactive substances can contribute to the description of a person’s path from the status of an occasional user to that of a patient diagnosed with a SUD. This literature review is focused on self-experiments with psychoactive substances in the scientific and literary world, presented in parallel with data obtained from studies with healthy volunteers or clinical trials. All relevant reports found during the literature search that were based on exploring the psychological effects of psychoactive substances during intoxication were reviewed. In this first article, the most relevant self experiments from the scientific world (where mescaline and LSD were used), as well as clinical experimental data (that involved the use of alcohol, opioids, cannabis, PCP, cocaine, hallucinogens, and amphetamines) will be presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Le développement d'outils de mesure centrés sur l'alcool est crucial à des fins d'évaluations et d'intervention. Le Short Alcohol Dependence Data questionnaire et le Short Inventory of Problem – Revised mesurent respectivement une symptomatologie de dépendance à l'alcool et de retentissements de la consommation d'alcool (ex., physiques, interpersonnels, intrapersonnels, contrôle des impulsions, responsabilités sociales). Cette étude avait pour objectif de valider ces deux questionnaires en français. Méthodologie Quatre cent quatre participants (âge moyen = 31,6, ET = 11 ; 54,7 % de femmes) ont été recrutés en ligne et ont complété les versions françaises de l' Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (10 items), du Short Alcohol Dependence Data questionnaire (15 items) et du Short Inventory of Problem – Revised (17 items). Parmi ceux-ci, 324 ont rerempli le Short Alcohol Dependence Data questionnaire et le Short Inventory of Problem – Revised deux semaines plus tard. Les résultats de cette étude ont montré que le Short Alcohol Dependence Data questionnaire et le Short Inventory of Problem – Revised avaient une validité interne, une fidélité test-retest, une validité concurrente, ainsi qu'une validité discriminante satisfaisante. Les versions françaises du Short Alcohol Dependence Data questionnaire et du Short Inventory of Problem – Revised semblent adaptées pour évaluer une symptomatologie de dépendance à l'alcool et de retentissements de la consommation d'alcool. La validation française de ces questionnaires a de fortes implications cliniques (ex., favoriser le changement de consommation) et de recherche en pratiques psychologiques (ex., améliorer l'évaluation de l'efficacité des interventions). The development of alcohol-focused assessment tools is crucial for assessment and intervention purposes. The Short Alcohol Dependence Data questionnaire and the Short Inventory of Problem – Revised respectively measure a symptomology of alcohol dependence and of repercussions of alcohol consumption (i.e., physicals, interpersonals, intrapersonals, impulses control, social responsibilities). This study aimed to validate these questionnaires in French. Four hundred and four participants (Mean age = 31,6, SD = 11; 54,7% of females) were recruited online and completed the French versions of the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (10 items), the Short Alcohol Dependence Data questionnaire (15 items) and the Short Inventory of Problem – Revised (17 items). Of these, 324 completed the Short Alcohol Dependence Data questionnaire and the Short Inventory of Problem – Revised two weeks later. Results have showed that the Short Alcohol Dependence Data questionnaire and the Short Inventory of Problem – Revised had satisfactory internal validity, test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, and discriminant validity. The French versions of the Short Alcohol Dependence Data questionnaire and the Short Inventory of Problem – Revised seem suitable for evaluating respectively a symptomatology of alcohol dependence and of repercussions of alcohol consumption. The French validation of these questionnaires has strong clinical (e.g., encouraging change in consumption) and research implications in psychological practices (e.g., improving assessment of intervention effectiveness). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work proposed to share the experiences of a project of social insertion and guarantee of rights for the homeless population with damages resulting from the use of alcohol and other drugs of Palmas, Tocantins, between the years 2016 to 2019. The project Palmas Que Te Acolhe was constituted as an existential territory for the transformation of ways of being and living of people living on the streets and who suffer damages resulting from the use of alcohol and other drugs, based on the paradigm of harm reduction, having as a strategy housing first and the offer of a package of rights: housing, food, access to network services, cultural, art and leisure activities and inclusion in income generation strategies. In order to capture photographs and descriptions of this territory, thirteen semi-structured interviews were carried out with workers and beneficiaries of the project and field diaries were created that narrate the course of the research. The Palmas Que Te Acolhe project inaugurated new ways of seeing and talking about the homeless population in the municipality of Palmas, Tocantins, to think about care alternatives that include the complexity of this phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resilience as part of the developmental process should be promoted from childhood, children of alcohol dependent parents tend to show negative outcomes as they grow up, such as depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and early substance use. Evidence has been found of interventions that promote resilience, however, not during childhood. Nursing theories and models have been used to guide interventions, particularly situation-specific theories (SST) that improve practice by answering more concrete questions. It is presented the SST proposal of Resilience in children of parents with alcohol-dependent consumption, developed with Fawcett's theoretical subtraction methodology and based on Polk's Resilience Theory; its objective is to promote resilience, the result of the action of patterns that make it up, as a protective structure to overcome the challenges of its context. This proposal is an opportunity to put these theoretical constructions into practice in research and in the design of interventions that promote resilience and prevent the risk of alcohol consumption in the children of parents who consume this substance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alcohol consumption is an important risk factor for traumatic brain injury (TBI), and it has a great impact on its incidence and severity. However, studies suggest potential beneficial effects of alcohol during hospitalization and in the prognosis of moderate or severe TBI, with conflicting results. The objective of the present study was to associate alcohol consumption and helmet use in TBI patients, as well as the prognostic variables and patterns of injuries secondary to TBI. We analyzed 109 medical records of patients who suffered TBI due to a motorcycle accident. We evaluated data on alcohol consumption, helmet use, TBI severity, and tomographic findings on admission. The subjects with moderate or severe TBI were evaluated regarding hospitalization, mortality and prognosis variables. Patients who wore a helmet at the time of trauma had lower rates of skull fracture and extradural hematoma (EDH), but an increased incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Furthermore, patients with moderate or severe TBI who were those under alcohol intoxication had a greater need for Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission and a tendency to have a lower in-hospital mortality rate and a higher score on the Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS). Thus, although the consumption of alcohol has an impact on the incidence and severity of TBI at admission, it seems to be related to a lower in-hospital mortality rate and a better prognosis. In addition, helmet use is essential to prevent injuries from direct head-to-shield impact, but no similar reduction in the incidence of injuries caused by indirect forces was observed.

Introduction: Alcohol dependence exhibits a multifactorial inheritance pattern. The inflammatory response pathways have aroused particular interest; specifically the epigenetic aspect is highly influenced by ethnicity and by the personal evolution of the disease. Objective: To compare the methylation status of a promoter region with CpG islands of some candidate genes for pharmaceutical targets in the inflammatory response pathway, between controls and individuals with problematic alcohol consumption from a sample of a Colombian university population. Methods: Previously, studies were carried out on 29 genetic variants that affect 10 genes involved in the inflammatory response. Analysis of the mRNA and protein expression of some of these genes was then performed, profiling three genes for methylation studies, namely SNCA, MIF, and IFNGR1. The methylation status of bisulfite-modified DNA was analyzed by PCR with fluorescent labeling, capillary electrophoresis, and validation with Sanger sequencing. Results: There are changes in the methylation state of the promoter of the MIF and SNCA genes in the cases. Concordance was observed between gene expression and methylation status in MIF in the general sample, and also in the synthesis of mRNA-SNCA, without appreciable changes in the protein, although with differences according to sex. Conclusion: Our study provided information on the methylation status of the SNCA and MIF promoters and its relationship with expression in problem drinking phenotypes. These two proteins are proposed as candidates for modeling studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao uso de álcool, tabaco e maconha entre alunos de Escolas Públicas de Ensino Médio da Cidade de Sobral-CE. Métodos: estudo desenvolvido com 546 alunos de sete escolas do Ensino Médio da sede do Município de Sobral-CE, através de um questionário online com informações sociodemográficas e do Drug Use Screening Inventory. Os resultados foram analisados utilizando os testes do Qui-quadrado e razão de verossimilhança. Resultados: o álcool apresentou maior prevalência (16,8%) seguido da maconha (7,3%) e do tabaco (3,5%). Estudar em escola em território de maior desigualdade social e cursar o 2º ou 3º ano, foram estaticamente significantes para o uso dessas três substâncias. Não ter religião também esteve associado ao uso de álcool e tabaco. Conclusões: há necessidade de uma atuação mais efetiva do poder público, com ações intersetoriais, envolvendo a comunidade escolar e equipes de saúde multiprofissionais.

Copyright of Actualités Pharmaceutiques is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

RESUMO Este estudo teve por objetivo descrever a assistência grupal prestada pelos profissionais nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Alcool e Drogas. Os grupos constituem importantes estratégias no atendimento aos usuários de substâncias psicoativas, sendo práticas cada vez mais utilizadas nesses contextos. Os grupos recebem diversas designações, são coordenados por profissionais de diferentes áreas e seu funcionamento se dá através de metodologias diversificadas, que dependem da finalidade, do contexto, do referencial adotado pelo profissional de saúde ou ainda da sua experiência clínica.

Hyperferritinaemia is a frequent anomaly, which is admittedly not very specific, but is also of great diagnostic value if the clinician is able to observe a certain number of interpretation rules. Physiologically, ferritin is a protein synthesised mainly by the liver and designed to store iron in the liver, macrophages and erythrocytes. Despite this, pathophysiology tells us that the increase in ferritinemia goes far beyond iron overload to encompass other factors, in particular inflammation, cell lysis and distribution abnormalities. In the vast majority of cases, the cause of hyperferritinaemia can be identified using a global approach that incorporates the ferritinaemia value, the history and the patient’s clinical and biological context, without having to go through the transferrin saturation coefficient and in-depth liver investigations. Recourse to CST, MRI, genetic tests or even liver biopsy is only necessary in rare situations where the most obvious causes cannot be identified. Finally, recent years have seen the arrival of other entities, in particular SARS-COV2 infection, where ferritin has proved to be of great value both diagnostically and prognostically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Actualités Pharmaceutiques is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

L'élévation chronique des transaminases est une problématique récurrente en médecine générale. Cette mise au point a pour but de proposer un bref rappel épidémiologique, physiopathologique, et de revenir sur les notions de normalités des transaminases, avant d'évoquer les causes les plus fréquentes (alcool, stéatopathie dysmétabolique, hépatites virales) ainsi que le bilan de première intention à réaliser. Ensuite, nous proposons un approfondissement sur les causes plus rares, les causes extrahépatiques et le rôle des examens complémentaires plus spécialisés. Nous préciserons également quel est le rôle du médecin généraliste dans ce parcours de soins, et le moment opportun où l'avis du spécialiste est requis pour la suite de la prise en charge. Chronic elevation of transaminases is recurring issue in primary care. This article aims to be practical. It offers a quick reminder of epidemiology, pathophysiology, concept of normal values of transaminases, main causes (alcohol, fatty liver disease, viral hepatitis) and first-line assessment. Then, we will go further in less frequent causes, extra-hepatic causes and additional tests. We will precise what is the role of general practitioner in this care pathway and when to address patient to specialist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In case of alcohol-related liver or pancreatic disease, it is important to ask the patient questions, as the presentation is not specific. Declared alcohol consumption (DAC), expressed in grams per day or per week, is used to assess the health risk, with a DAC < 100 g/week being considered "very low risk". In addictology, alcohol misuse corresponds to dangerous excessive consumption, and alcohol use disorder (AUD) to 'harmful' consumption or 'dependence', i.e. a loss of control over consumption. Thus, the discovery of a somatic complication leads to the diagnosis of AUD and any dependence must be investigated. In contrast, the short AUDIT is useful for systematic screening. In cases of pancreatitis or cirrhosis, abstinence is the best option in terms of prognosis. In the event of hospitalisation, oral benzodiazepines - combined with proper hydration - are the only drugs to be used for the prevention and treatment of withdrawal syndrome. Their prescription is based on the patient's history and the Cushman score, which assesses the severity of the withdrawal syndrome. Hepatic function impairment is not a contraindication to their use in withdrawal syndrome. A protocol should be put in place in each unit. Venous vitamin B therapy in malnourished patients can prevent certain serious central neurological complications. However, some patients cannot immediately project themselves into abstinence, and the addiction specialist will have to reconcile the doctor's objective with that of the patient. Successfully reducing consumption can be a 1st step towards abstinence. The treatment plan must therefore be personalised and discussed with the liver specialist, taking into account the patient's medical, social, professional and psychiatric situation. Some patients will be treated on an outpatient basis, while others will require full or daily hospitalisation in an addictology rehabilitation unit. Anti-abuse drug treatment -also called medication for alcohol use disorder (MAUD)- can help patients at all stages of liver disease, by slowing fibrotic progression, decompensation of cirrhosis and mortality. Two types of molecules are available. Disulfiram has a pure antabuse action, and is used as a second-line treatment to maintain abstinence, but is not recommended in cases of cirrhosis due to its potential serious adverse effects. The other drugs act on the brain's reward system, reducing the craving for alcohol. Two molecules prescribed 3 times a day and eliminated by the kidneys can be used at all stages of cirrhosis, with monitoring of renal function if associated with diuretics. Acamprosate – prescribed to maintain abstinence - is a glutamate modulator prescribed at a fixed dose. Baclofen - prescribed to reduce alcohol consumption - is a gabaergic agonist whose dosage varies from 30 to 300 mg/d. Two molecules prescribed as a fixed dose taken once a day are eliminated by the liver and are strictly contraindicated in case of opioid treatment. Naltrexone is an opioid receptor antagonist prescribed for abstinence maintenance. Nalmefene is an agonist-antagonist prescribed to reduce drug consumption. In all cases, these drugs, which can be prescribed by any doctor, should be combined with psycho-social intervention as part of the overall, often long-term, management of AUD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economics & Statistics / Economie et Statistique is the property of Ministere de l'Economie, des Finances et de la Relance and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introdução: O transtorno afetivo bipolar (TAB) é uma condição psiquiátrica complexa, caracterizada por alterações extremas de humor, incluindo episódios de mania e depressão. A relação entre o uso de álcool, drogas e o risco de suicídio em pacientes com TAB tem sido objeto de estudo, dada a sua importância clínica e impacto na saúde mental. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão nas bases de dados PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus e Scielo, com foco em artigos científicos, revisões sistemáticas e metanálises relevantes. Foram analisadas as investigações sobre a associação entre o uso de substâncias psicoativas, transtorno bipolar e comportamento suicida. Resultados: As evidências sugerem que o uso de álcool e drogas está significativamente associado a um maior risco de comportamento suicida em pacientes com TAB. Estudos indicam que o abuso de substâncias pode aumentar a gravidade dos sintomas do TAB, diminuir a adesão ao tratamento e dificultar o manejo clínico. Além disso, a presença de comorbidades psiquiátricas, como transtornos relacionados ao uso de substâncias, torna o cenário ainda mais desafiador. Os resultados destacam a importância de abordagens terapêuticas abrangentes que considerem tanto os aspectos clínicos do TAB quanto a possível comorbidade com o uso de álcool e drogas. A identificação precoce e o tratamento adequado das substâncias abusivas são essenciais para reduzir o risco de comportamento suicida em pacientes com TAB. Conclusão: A correlação entre o uso de álcool, drogas e o risco de suicídio em pessoas com TAB é um tema relevante para a saúde mental. Abordagens integrativas que incluam tratamento psicoterapêutico, farmacológico e intervenções para dependência química são fundamentais para melhorar a qualidade de vida e a segurança desses pacientes.

Background: Alcohol use in early adolescence is associated with increased health concerns and other negative consequences. Given the needs of this vulnerable population, it is critical to understand their risk factors and clinical characteristics. Objective: This cross-sectional study explores the clinical and demographic characteristics of serviceseeking youth with and without early alcohol use onset. Method: 655 youth seeking services at a Canadian substance use and concurrent disorder service participated. Evaluations of mental health, substance use, demographic characteristics, and other risk factors were collected and compared among youth who reported an age of onset for alcohol use of under 14 years of age versus 14 years or older. Results: Youth who started using alcohol before age 14 were significantly more likely to report mental health difficulties, indicate use of a greater number of substances, and report experiencing more crime and violence problems. They also reported exposure to more types of trauma. Notably, more problems with crime and violence were significantly, and uniquely associated with an earlier age of alcohol use onset in a multivariate model. Conclusion: The present study identifies unique and clinically significant differences among youth who initiated alcohol use in early adolescence compared to later in adolescence. Stronger integrations between mental health and substance use services for youth with early alcohol use should be considered, given the vulnerability and concurrent difficulties they tend to face. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In Brazil, there are still few studies related to the use of software in Virtual Reality (VR) as adjuvants in the treatment of Mental Disorders. The present study aims to adapt the Therapy of Exposure to Environmental Cues in Virtual Reality (TEPARV) to the Brazilian context through a narrative review, development of a manual for Brazilian culture and testing using a software with a preliminary sample of 7 patients. with Alcohol Use Disorder (AU), in hospital. Methods: For the tests with the patients, the Oculus Quest 1 device and the software from the French company C2 CARE specific for TUA were used. In this sample of severely alcoholic hospitalized patients who experienced immersion in the proposed environment, with the sight of drinks, breathing and heart sounds, the triggering of craving was not noticed. Questionnaires were used to assess depressive and anxious symptoms, sense of presence in a virtual environment and instruments to assess addictive behavior, in addition to monitoring vital signs. Results: Possible limitations associated with the intervention may be related to the small sample, with the version with more basic sound of the version of the software, the software not presenting virtual environments with people ingesting alcohol for the Oculus Quest 1 used in the test, the number of sessions performed. Conclusion: Despite this, the literature points out that this type of technique, with adequate patients and virtual environments, can be very promising for the treatment of AUT, due to safety, easy handling, environment controlled by the professional and low potential for adverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biologie Aujourd'hui is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Population & Sociétés is the property of Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Basic & Clinical Andrology is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Actualités Pharmaceutiques is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Binge Drinking : Ce que tu dois savoir !

Objetivo: verificar as substâncias psicoativas mais prevalentes entre alunos de cursos de graduação da área de saúde e a interferência destas no desempenho acadêmico. Métodos: 115 acadêmicos de Enfermagem e Educação Física de Universidade pública do interior do Ceará, Brasil, responderam ao questionário Drug Use Screening Inventory, em 2021. Para análise dos resultados, utilizaram-se dos testes estatísticos de qui-quadrado de Pearson e da razão de verossimilhança. Resultados: 65 (56%) alunos usavam analgésicos; 54 (47%) o álcool e 14 (12,2%) a maconha. Não houve associação estatística entre o uso de substâncias psicoativas e o desempenho acadêmico. Todavia, dentre aqueles que utilizavam analgésicos ou álcool, mais de 1/3 analisaram o desempenho como ruim/péssimo ou regular e metade dos que usavam maconha analisaram da mesma maneira o desempenho acadêmico. Conclusão: o estudo contribuiu para o entendimento sobre as substâncias psicoativas prevalentes no contexto universitário e os aspectos associados, enfatizando a necessidade de intervenções.

Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar o fenômeno do "esquenta", suas práticas, motivações e impactos, por meio da revisão da literatura. A disseminação da cultura do "esquenta" como forma de consumo recreativo de álcool durante o lazer noturno e a escassez de estudos específicos sobre a temática no Brasil motivaram o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa. Foi realizada revisão na base de dados Periódicos Capes, por meio de 10 buscas diferentes, o que resultou em um total de 995 artigos. Com base nos critérios aplicados no estudo, foram selecionados 35 artigos para compor esta pesquisa. As discussões sugerem que jovens de vários países que praticam esquenta procuram economizar recursos financeiros frente os altos preços praticados em bares e outros estabelecimentos noturnos, e compartilhar expectativas sociais e emocionais entre seus pares. No entanto, o esquenta pode acomodar o uso excessivo de álcool por uma parcela dos jovens, constituindo fatores de risco para consequências negativas durante eventos de lazer noturno, como mal-estar, vômito e desmaios, embora a literatura também aponte aspectos positivos do fenômeno em relação a prevenção para uma parte dos jovens, como beber menos quando têm alguma vivência de lazer principal na noite.

Copyright of Strategic Universe Journal / Univers Strategic is the property of Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University, Institute for Security Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Strategic Universe Journal / Univers Strategic is the property of Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University, Institute for Security Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Resumo: O presente artigo busca refletir sobre o uso de álcool no capitalismo e seus impactos no tratamento em transplante de fígado, através do prisma materialista-histórico-dialético. Foram realizadas entrevistas com sujeitos que vivenciaram esta realidade, permitindo evidenciar que, na dinâmica capitalista, o adoecimento dos sujeitos, seus enfrentamos e a própria saúde humana são caracterizados ínferos frente ao contraditório ciclo de realização mercantil.

Introdução: A prevalência de HIV é maior em Porto Alegre comparada ao restante do país. O abuso de álcool afeta o juízo crítico, sendo associado a comportamentos de risco que podem levar à contaminação pelo HIV. Objetivo: Analisar fatores associados à exposição ao HIV em alcoolistas com práticas sexuais de risco comparando com aqueles que se previnem. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 126 homens alcoolistas (HIV negativo), divididos em 2 grupos: Exposto Sexual (n=42) e Pouco Exposto Sexual (n=84), considerando uso de preservativo e número de parceiros sexuais. Resultados: A maioria dos sujeitos do grupo Exposto Sexual era solteiro, sem ocupação laboral, com histórico de moradia de rua e de relação com profissional do sexo, apresentavam maior preocupação com infecção por HIV (p

Introduction: The HIV prevalence is higher in Porto Alegre compared to other capitals in Brazil. Alcohol abuse affects critical judgment, being associated with risky behaviors that can lead to HIV infection. Aim: To analyze factors associated with exposure to HIV in alcohol users, comparing those with risky sexual practices and those who use prevention methods. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 126 male alcohol users (HIV negative), divided into 2 groups: Sexually Exposed (n = 42) and Less Sexually Exposed (n = 84), considering condom use and number of sexual partners. Results: Most subjects in the Sexually Exposed group were single, without a job, with a history of homelessness and a relationship with a sexual worker, and were more concerned about HIV infection (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The development and monitoring of specific preventive interventions is suggested, considering the characteristics of alcohol abuse and its role in HIV transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alcohol use disorder is a precipitating factor of suicide, whether it’s ideation, attempts or completed suicide. The existence of a link between alcohol use and suicide was known since the beginning of the 20th century, revealed by Kraepelin. Since then, this link has been advanced more convincingly once more studies were brought forward, providing a series of known risk factors for this fatal association. In this article, we provide a brief overview of shared risk factors and pathways on how these risk factors lead to suicide in alcoholics. By presenting some theoretical frameworks and the empirical literature sustaining these theories, we’ll try to better explain the link between alcohol dependence and suicide, in an effort to better understand this association, so that, once the connection is better understood among individuals using alcohol, more effective suicide prevention programs may be designed and implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cogitare Enfermagem is the property of Cogitare Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cahiers d'Études Africaines is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fire-related burns contribute significantly to the global burden of burn injury and mortality. Alcohol and/or drug intoxication poses a risk to burn and fire-related injury, whether intentional or unintentional, but such evidence is scarce in the African context. This review aimed to fill the knowledge gap on health determinants of fire-related morbidity and mortality regionally by investigating the role of alcohol and drug intoxication in such events. Using key concepts, an extensive search was performed on 25 databases for relevant publications. Eligible articles were critically appraised using the appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies (AXIS tool), adapted to the review's objectives and outcomes. A total of 42 articles were included, of which less than half were solely investigating burn/fire-related events. Others indirectly mentioned burn injuries as part of larger health burdens such as injury, trauma, violence and other diseases. The measurement of alcohol and/or drug intoxication was inconsistent between studies with varying results. Alcohol and drug impairment in burn incidents in Africa requires evidence-based epidemiological research, and this review illustrated the limited scope of this topic in current literature. Routine toxicological results from post-mortem examinations were identified as important data sources and several research recommendations were provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: During the Covid-19 pandemic, the use of alcohol at 70° GL was widely recommended for hand and surface hygiene. Combined with greater permanency of individuals in the household, this recommendation may contribute to an increased risk of burns. Objective: To outline the risks of burns in the context of the pandemic. Method: A review through document analysis was carried out. Results: Liquid alcohol 70° GL and isopropyl alcohol 70° GL are substances that present a greater risk of ignition during use and storage. Alcohol 70° GL in gel should be prioritized both for its greater easier of use for hand antisepsis and for its lower risk of flammability. These materials must not be handled during food preparation. Conclusion: Health and government authorities must be responsible for disseminating the necessary care to prevent burns and fires in the context of the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Psychology / Revista de Psihologie is the property of Romanian Academy Publishing House / Editura Academiei Romane and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic had a huge impact on global mental health. Health care students, both as young people and regarding their student condition, were a more at-risk population. During the first and the third waves, two national surveys already found high levels of psychological distress (21 to 83% of severe psychological distress). This nationwide study focused on health care student changes in substance or treatment use during the pandemic., Methods: We did an online national cross-sectional study addressing all health care students in France from April 4 to May 11, 2021. The questionnaire included sociodemographic and work conditions questions, Kessler 6 scale, and simple questions about psychotropic treatments or substance use., Results: We obtained 16,937 answers, including 54% nurses and 16% medical students. Increased psychoactive substance use (alcohol, tobacco and cannabis) was associated with males, older students, those having financial difficulties and using more psychotropic treatments. Nursing students were more at risk than others. Increased psychotropic treatment use (anxiolytics, hypnotics) was associated with being a woman, older, having financial difficulties, having high psychological distress, and using more psychoactive substances. Medical, pharmacy, dental and midwife students were more at risk than others. The response rate was low (5,6%), and nursing students represented more than half of the respondents., Conclusions: Compared to our first national survey, substance use (21% versus 13%) and psychotropic treatment use (18% versus 7.3%) increased hugely. These results highlight the need to identify the specific causes of substance use by health care students to better support them. As future health professionals, this is a major public health issue., (Copyright © 2024 L'Encéphale, Paris. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Starea gravă a lucrurilor în domeniul siguranței traficului rutier determină intervenția fermă a statului în vederea prevenirii și combaterii eficiente, în special, a faptelor de conducere în stare de ebrietate, care s-a adeverit a fi una dintre principalele cauze ale accidentelor rutiere. În acest context, statul a instituit răspunderea pentru acest tip de comportament deviant, încriminând faptele de conducere a vehiculului în stare de ebrietate cu grad minim, predarea conducerii vehiculului către o persoană care se află în stare de ebrietate, la art. 233 Cod contravențional al Republicii Moldova. O analiză profundă a structurii și a conținutului art. 233 din Codul contravențional ne-a permis să ne formăm opinia că autorul normei a fost prost inspirat, a admis mai multe erori și carențe tehnico-legislative, a neglijat cerințele de bază pe care trebuie să le întrunească actele normative, ceea ce a determinat o interpretare și aplicare defectuoasă a normei respective.

Resumo Introdução Durante a pandemia de Covid-19, o uso do álcool a 70° GL foi amplamente recomendado para a higienização das mãos e superfícies. Acoplada à maior permanência das pessoas dentro do domicílio, essa recomendação pode contribuir para o aumento do risco de queimaduras. Objetivo Delinear os riscos de queimaduras no contexto da pandemia. Método Revisão por meio de análise documental. Resultados O álcool líquido 70° GL e o álcool isopropílico 70° GL são substâncias que apresentam maior risco de ignição no uso e armazenamento. O álcool 70° GL em gel deve ser priorizado tanto pela maior facilidade de uso para antissepsia das mãos como pelo menor risco de inflamabilidade. Esses materiais não devem ser manuseados durante o preparo de alimentos. Conclusão As autoridades sanitárias e governamentais devem se responsabilizar pela divulgação dos cuidados necessários para prevenção de queimaduras e incêndios no contexto da pandemia.