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A fenntartható erőforrás gazdálkodás és a környezeti fenntarthatóság a modernkori vállalati erőforrás gazdálkodás kulcsfontosságú területe. A vállalkozások jelentős része épít stratégiájába ambiciózus erőforrás-optimalizálási célokat, összhangban a vállalati hatékonyság fokozásának és a természeti környezet megőrzésének igényével. Cikkünk fókuszában annak bemutatása áll, hogy az iparágak szimbiózisával jelentős gazdasági és környezeti hasznok érhetők el, ugyanakkor mikro-, mezo- és makroszinten is számos akadály azonosítható. A problémák jelentős részének enyhítésében az ún. facilitátoroknak lehet kiemelt szerepe. Ezen támogató szerepet betöltő szervezetek nagy segítséget jelenthetnek a szimbiózisok kialakításában és menedzselésében a kapcsolódási lehetőségek feltárásán, az információs platformok kiépítésén és hatékony menedzselésén keresztül.

Objective: Discovering and categorising the entrepreneurial motivations of university student entrepreneurs in the CEE region, and uncovering the influencing factors behind the different motivation factors. The study focuses on the social dimension of entrepreneurial motivations, so special attention is given to the Social mission factor. Research Design & Methods: The study is based on the 2016 GUESSS (Global University Entrepreneurial Spirit Students’ Survey) database that contains 19,338 answers for the eight selected CEE countries. Factor analysis was used to detect the motivation factors; descriptive statistics and stochastic relationship tests were used to describe them; a General Linear Model (GLM) was set up to identify the influencing factors of the Social mission, one of the motivation factors of the university student entrepreneurs. Findings: Five factors of entrepreneurial motivations were identified: Social mission, Customer focus, Competition/market focus, Individual goals, and Collective/community goals. Most of the factors are intrinsic in nature. According to the GLM model the Social mission factor is influenced by education, the entrepreneurship-related courses and programmes, a cultural dimension called uncertainty avoidance, and country-level characteristics that are not cultural in nature. Implications & Recommendations: According to our findings entrepreneurship courses and programmes influence attitudes and motivations as well, and so higher education institutions should focus on such programmes. The standard entrepreneurial courses do not enhance the importance of intrinsic motivations, such as the social mission, so more emphasis should be put on the social dimensions. Contribution & Value Added: Our study contributes to the entrepreneurial motivations literature, and calls for further comparative research, as the social mission GLM showed that country-level differences exist in the CEE region. The study also contributes to the literature of social enterprises and social innovation.

Corporate Social Responsibility has developed rapidly in the last decades, and its role has increased due to the new challenges of the global economy, as companies need a positive reputation in order to obtain a “social license to operate”. The aims of this study are: (1) to describe the concepts of corporate social responsibility and Outward Foreign Direct Investment (OFDI), focusing on the relationship between them, (2) to introduce the main CSR risks and opportunities of OFDI, and (3) to summarize the possible solutions for addressing CSR-related risks in OFDI activities. Our study indicates that zero tolerance of corruption is a strategic objective of investing companies. Prevention and mitigation of human rights violations are ethical obligations and in the business interest of corporations. Companies face significant social, environmental, and economic risks, as well as risks to their reputations, because of their supply chains.

The shared goal of social entrepreneurship, corporate social responsibility and social innovation is the advancement of society. The business model of social enterprises is characterized by unique strategies based on the competencies of the entrepreneurs, and is not aimed primarily at the maximization of profits, but rather at carrying out goals for the benefit of society. Corporate social responsibility refers to the active behavior of a company, by which it can create new solutions to meet the needs of society, either on its own or in cooperation with other social stakeholders. The objectives of this article are to define concepts, describe and integrate relevant theoretical models, develop a model and introduce some examples of international practice that can inspire initiatives for social development., {"references":["G. 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The development of society in various ways is central to social innovation and corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR involves deliberate acts of companies, and can lead to social innovation either in themselves or through cooperation with other social stakeholders. The aims of this study are: (1) to describe the concepts of corporate social innovation and CSR, focusing on the relationship between them, and to introduce the features of social innovation in Hungary and (2) to use quantitative and qualitative research methods to investigate how integration of the business sector and a broad layer of society can promote social innovation in a disadvantaged region. The empirical survey indicates that social innovation is needed for economic development of a region, since such innovations are capable of helping the business activity recover in disadvantaged areas.