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1. Diverse psychotropic substances detected in drug and drug administration equipment samples submitted to drug checking services in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, October 2019–April 2020

Author

Kristy M. Scarfone, Nazlee Maghsoudi, Karen McDonald, Cristiana Stefan, Daniel R. Beriault, Ernest Wong, Mark Evert, Shaun Hopkins, Peter Leslie, Tara Marie Watson, Dan Werb, and Toronto’s Drug Checking Service Working Group

Subjects
Drug overdose, Fentanyl, Etizolam, Flualprazolam, Synthetic cannabinoid, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background The overdose crisis has generated innovative harm reduction and drug market monitoring strategies. In Toronto, Ontario, Canada, a multi-site drug checking service (DCS) pilot project was launched in October 2019. The project provides people who use drugs with information on the chemical composition of their substances, thereby increasing their capacity to make more informed decisions about their drug use and avoid overdose. DCS also provides real-time market monitoring to identify trends in the unregulated drug supply. Methods Sample data were obtained through analyses of drug and used drug administration equipment samples submitted anonymously and free of charge to DCS in downtown Toronto from October 10, 2019, to April 9, 2020, representing the first six months of DCS implementation. Analyses were conducted in clinical laboratories using liquid chromatography- and/or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS, GC–MS) techniques. Results Overall, 555 samples were submitted, with 49% (271) of samples that were found to contain high-potency opioids, of which 87% (235) also contained stimulants. Benzodiazepine-type drugs were found in 21% (116) of all samples, and synthetic cannabinoids in 1% (7) of all samples. Negative effects (including overdose, adverse health events, and extreme sedation) were reported for 11% (59) of samples submitted for analysis. Conclusions Toronto’s DCS identified a range of high-potency opioids with stimulants, benzodiazepine-type drugs, and a synthetic cannabinoid, AMB-FUBINACA. This information can inform a range of evidence-informed overdose prevention efforts.

Published
2022
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2. Evaluating networked drug checking services in Toronto, Ontario: study protocol and rationale

Author

N. Maghsoudi, K. McDonald, C. Stefan, D. R. Beriault, K. Mason, L. Barnaby, J. Altenberg, R. D. MacDonald, J. Caldwell, R. Nisenbaum, P. Leece, T. M. Watson, K. W. Tupper, L. Kufner, A. I. Scheim, D. Werb, and Drug Checking Services in Toronto Working Group

Subjects
Drug checking services, Harm reduction, Overdose, Drug market monitoring, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background The increasing incidence of fatal opioid overdose is a public health crisis in Canada. Given growing consensus that this crisis is related to the presence of highly potent opioid adulterants (e.g., fentanyl) in the unregulated drug supply, drug checking services (DCS) have emerged as part of a comprehensive approach to overdose prevention. In Canada’s largest city, Toronto, a network of DCS launched in 2019 to prevent overdose and overdose-related risk behaviors. This network employs mass spectrometry technologies, with intake sites co-located with supervised consumption services (SCS) at three frontline harm reduction agencies. The protocol and rationale for assessing the impact of this multi-site DCS network in Toronto is described herein. The aims of this study are to (1) evaluate the impact of DCS access on changes in and factors influencing overdose and related risk behaviors, (2) investigate the perceived capacity of DCS to prevent overdose, and (3) identify composition (qualitative and quantitative) trends in Toronto’s unregulated drug supply. Methods We will use a parallel-mixed-methods design with complementary data sources (including data from chemical analysis of drug samples, quantitative intake and post-test surveys, SCS, coroners, paramedic services, and qualitative interviews), followed by a meta-inference process wherein results from analyses are synthesized. Results Whereas most DCS globally target “recreational drug users,” in Toronto, this networked DCS will primarily target marginalized people who use drugs accessing frontline services, many of whom use drugs regularly and by injection. This evolution in the application of DCS poses important questions that have not yet been explored, including optimal service delivery models and technologies, as well as unique barriers for this population. Increasing information on the unregulated drug supply may modify the risk environment for this population of people who use drugs. Conclusions This study addresses evidence gaps on the emerging continuum of overdose prevention responses and will generate critical evidence on a novel approach to reducing the ongoing high incidence of drug-related morbidity and mortality in Canada and elsewhere.

Published
2020
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3. Diverse psychotropic substances detected in drug and drug administration equipment samples submitted to drug checking services in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, October 2019-April 2020.

Author

Scarfone, Kristy M, Scarfone, Kristy M, Maghsoudi, Nazlee, McDonald, Karen, Stefan, Cristiana, Beriault, Daniel R, Wong, Ernest, Evert, Mark, Hopkins, Shaun, Leslie, Peter, Watson, Tara Marie, Werb, Dan, Toronto’s Drug Checking Service Working Group, Scarfone, Kristy M, Scarfone, Kristy M, Maghsoudi, Nazlee, McDonald, Karen, Stefan, Cristiana, Beriault, Daniel R, Wong, Ernest, Evert, Mark, Hopkins, Shaun, Leslie, Peter, Watson, Tara Marie, Werb, Dan, and Toronto’s Drug Checking Service Working Group

Abstract

BackgroundThe overdose crisis has generated innovative harm reduction and drug market monitoring strategies. In Toronto, Ontario, Canada, a multi-site drug checking service (DCS) pilot project was launched in October 2019. The project provides people who use drugs with information on the chemical composition of their substances, thereby increasing their capacity to make more informed decisions about their drug use and avoid overdose. DCS also provides real-time market monitoring to identify trends in the unregulated drug supply.MethodsSample data were obtained through analyses of drug and used drug administration equipment samples submitted anonymously and free of charge to DCS in downtown Toronto from October 10, 2019, to April 9, 2020, representing the first six months of DCS implementation. Analyses were conducted in clinical laboratories using liquid chromatography- and/or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS, GC-MS) techniques.ResultsOverall, 555 samples were submitted, with 49% (271) of samples that were found to contain high-potency opioids, of which 87% (235) also contained stimulants. Benzodiazepine-type drugs were found in 21% (116) of all samples, and synthetic cannabinoids in 1% (7) of all samples. Negative effects (including overdose, adverse health events, and extreme sedation) were reported for 11% (59) of samples submitted for analysis.ConclusionsToronto's DCS identified a range of high-potency opioids with stimulants, benzodiazepine-type drugs, and a synthetic cannabinoid, AMB-FUBINACA. This information can inform a range of evidence-informed overdose prevention efforts.

Published
2022

6. NCEP-GFSを用いたAtmospheric Riverの予報実験

Author

Miyaji, Tetsuro, Enomoto, Takeshi, Ota, Yoichiro, Miyoshi, Takemasa, Hann-Ming Henry Juang, and [checking]

Abstract

平成24年度京都大学防災研究所一般研究集会(24K-08)「週間及び1か月予報における顕著現象の予測可能性」, 京都大学防災研究所連携研究棟大セミナー室, 2012/11/20-22

Published
2013

8. マルチ気候モデルおよび物理パラメータアンサンブルの信頼性評価

Author

Yokohata, Tokuta, Annan, James D., [checking], Collins, Matthew, Jackson, Charles S., Watanabe, Masahiro, Shiogama, Hideo, Emori, Seita, Abe, Manabu, Yoshimori, Masakazu, Webb, Mark J., and Hargreaves, Julia C.

Abstract

平成24年度京都大学防災研究所一般研究集会(24K-08)「週間及び1か月予報における顕著現象の予測可能性」, 京都大学防災研究所連携研究棟大セミナー室, 2012/11/20-22

Published
2013

9. 成層圏と対流圏をつなぐ極端気象変動

Author

Yoden, Shigeo, Nishimoto, Eriko, Noda, Satoshi, BUI, Hoang Hai, and [checking]

Abstract

京都大学アカデミックデイ2016, 開催日時: 2016年9月18日（日）10:00-16:00, 会場: 京都大学吉田キャンパス 百周年時計台記念館, 主催: 学術研究支援室（URA室）, 研究推進部研究推進課, 国民との科学・技術対話ワーキンググループ, 京都大学の学術研究成果発信の一環として包括的に登録

Published
2016

10. 素粒子実験って何してんの？

Author

Nakamura, Kiseki, Tanaka, Shunsuke, Ashida, Yosuke, Akatsuka, Shunichi, Noguchi, Yohei, and [checking]

Abstract

京都大学アカデミックデイ2016, 開催日時: 2016年9月18日（日）10:00-16:00, 会場: 京都大学吉田キャンパス 百周年時計台記念館, 主催: 学術研究支援室（URA室）, 研究推進部研究推進課, 国民との科学・技術対話ワーキンググループ, 京都大学の学術研究成果発信の一環として包括的に登録

Published
2016

11. バルクナノメタル：常識を覆す構造材料

Author

Tsuji, Nobuhiro, Shibata, Akinobu, Nakamura, Yoshihiko, Yoshida, Shuhei, and [checking]

Abstract

京都大学アカデミックデイ2016, 開催日時: 2016年9月18日（日）10:00-16:00, 会場: 京都大学吉田キャンパス 百周年時計台記念館, 主催: 学術研究支援室（URA室）, 研究推進部研究推進課, 国民との科学・技術対話ワーキンググループ, 京都大学の学術研究成果発信の一環として包括的に登録

Published
2016

12. 小さな磁石を用いたメモリーデバイス

Author

[checking] and Okuno, Takaya

Abstract

京都大学アカデミックデイ2016, 開催日時: 2016年9月18日（日）10:00-16:00, 会場: 京都大学吉田キャンパス 百周年時計台記念館, 主催: 学術研究支援室（URA室）, 研究推進部研究推進課, 国民との科学・技術対話ワーキンググループ, 京都大学の学術研究成果発信の一環として包括的に登録

Published
2016

13. ダムから考える植民地台湾

Author

Shimizu, Misato and [checking]

Abstract

京都大学アカデミックデイ2016, 開催日時: 2016年9月18日（日）10:00-16:00, 会場: 京都大学吉田キャンパス 百周年時計台記念館, 主催: 学術研究支援室（URA室）, 研究推進部研究推進課, 国民との科学・技術対話ワーキンググループ, 京都大学の学術研究成果発信の一環として包括的に登録

Published
2016

15. 認知学習分野(III.研究活動)

Author

Masataka, Nobuo, Matsui, Tomoko, Koda, Hiroki, Hayakawa, Sachiko, Murai, Tadahiro, Bouchet, Helene, [checking], Hiraishi, Hirotoshi, Miura, Yui, Fukushima, Miwa, Sawada, Reiko, Ito, Hiroyasu, Ogawa, Shino, Kiyonaga, Yutaka, Isomura, Tomoko, Sato, Anna, Kato, Akemi, Ishida, Keiko, Araya, Satomi, Shibasaki, Masahiro, and Domi, Satomi

Subjects
489.9
Published
2011

16. 思考言語分野(III.研究活動)

Author

Matsuzawa, Tetsuro, Tomonaga, Masaki, Hayashi, Misato, Kumazaki, Kiyonori, Nogami, Etsuko, Sato, Yoshiaki, Ochiai (Ohira), Tomomi, Uchikoshi, Makiko, Takashima, Tomoko, Eguchi, Seiko, Hattori, Yuko, Ogura, Tadatoshi, Kano, Fumihiro, Kaneko, Takaaki, Martin, Christopher, [checking], Yamanashi, Yumi, Hirosawa, Mari, Muramatsu, Akiho, Dahl, Christoph, and Kret, Mariska

Subjects
489.9
Published
2011

17. 社会進化分野(III.研究活動)

Author

Furuichi, Takeshi, Huffman, Michael A., [checking], Tsuji, Yamato, Sakamaki, Tetsuya, Takemoto, Hiroyuki, Leca, Jean-Baptiste, Go, Moe, Mohammad F.Jaman, and Andrew J. J. MacIntosh

Subjects
489.9
Published
2011

18. C-2 Simulation and Exergy Analysis of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Micro Gas Turbine Hybrid System Utilizing Biosyngas

Author

WONGCHANAPAI, Suranat, [checking], Iwai, Hiroshi, Saito, Motohiro, and Yoshida, Hideo

Subjects
Hybrid system, Biosyngas, Exergy analysis, Micro gas turbine, Solid oxide fuel cell
Abstract

In pursuing of green power energy generation, fuel cell energy generation systems are one of the most promising applications for biomass utilization. In particular, the capability of utilizing a wide spectrum of fuels (natural gas, coal gas, landfill gas and biosyngas), makes high temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) the most suitable candidate for utilizing biomass as energy source. This paper presents a mathematical model developed in order to simulate 300kW-class biosyngas based SOFC-MGT (micro gas turbine) hybrid system. This study consists of two parts. The first part focuses on the development of one-dimensional simulation model for the co-flow and counter-flow types of direct internal reforming planar SOFC. In the second part, the developed one-dimensional model is applied to a SOFC-MGT hybrid system fuelled by biosyngas. Energy and exergy analysis of SOFC-MGT hybrid system are performed based on three typical biosyngas compositions: air-, oxygen- and steam-blown gasification processes., 本文データは学協会の許諾に基づきCiNiiから複製したものである

Published
2011

19. 生態保全分野(III.研究活動)

Author

Watanabe, Kunio, Hanya, Goro, Hashimoto, Chie, Matsuda, Itsuki, Matsubara, Miki, Go, Moe, Andrew J. J. MacIntosh, [checking], Rizaldi, Suer, Cedric, Otani, Yosuke, and Sawada, Akiko

Subjects
489.9
Published
2010

20. 系統発生分野(III.研究活動)

Author

Takai, Masanaru, Nishimura, Takeshi, Egi, Naoko, Ogino, Shintaro, Zin Maung Maung Thein, [checking], Ito, Tsuyoshi, and Nishioka, Yuichiro

Subjects
489.9
Published
2010

21. 思考言語分野(III.研究活動)

Author

Matsuzawa, Tetsuro, Tomonaga, Masaki, Hayashi, Misato, Adachi, Ikuma, Nogami, Etsuko, Nakajima, Mai, Uchikoshi, Makiko, Takashima, Tomoko, Hori, Suzuka, Hattori, Yuko, Ochiai (Ohira), Tomomi, Ohashi, Gaku, Matsusaka, Takahisa, Sato, Yoshiaki, Ogura, Tadatoshi, Kano, Fumihiro, Kaneko, Takaaki, Martin, Christopher, [checking], Yamanashi, Yumi, and Hirosawa, Mari

Subjects
489.9
Published
2010

26. 確率論的普及モデルによるブロードバンドサービス等契約数の分析(経済物理学とその周辺,統計数理研究所研究会共同研究集会,経済物理学2009-ミクロとマクロの架け橋-,京都大学基礎物理学研究所2009年度前期研究会,研究会報告)

Author

Suzuki, Naomichi, Tanaka, Masatoshi, Kasai, Kazuhiro, and [checking]

Abstract

確率論的普及モデルを概説し,ブロードバンドサービス契約数,移動体通信契約数の解析を行う., この論文は国立情報学研究所の電子図書館事業により電子化されました。, 一般講演

Published
2010

28. 上町断層帯の予測地震動に対する超高層建物の平面骨組モデルによる解析

Author

Su, Zhongyu, [checking], Sato, Kotaro, Kawabe, Hidenori, Suita, Keiichiro, Hayashi, Yasuhiro, and Sato, Atsushi

Subjects
Uemachi Faults, 最大層間変形, 地震応答解析, 上町断層帯, 平面骨組, High-rise building, Seismic response analysis, 超高層建物, Plane frame, Maximum story drift
Abstract

Seismic response of two high-rise buildings, 75m and 150m height, subjected to ground motions predicted for Uemachi Fault was investigated by numerical analysis to estimate plastic deformation demand on steel structural members. From the result, the inelastic response of the structure under Uemachi Fault was larger than the response of conventional ground motions. The maximum ductility factor and cumulative plastic rotation of the story and the plastic hinges at beam ends are obtained. These values are same or more than maximum response obtained from predicted long-period ground motions for Tonankai earthquake.

Published
2010

29. APCWE VIIの報告

Author

Nomura, Takashi, Imai, Toshiaki, Uematsu, Yasushi, Kimura, Kichiro, Kurita, Tsuyoshi, Sassa, Koji, Shirato, Hiromichi, [checking], Tominaga, Yoshihide, Tomokiyo, Eriko, Nishimura, Hiroaki, Noda, Minoru, Maeda, Junji, Hasebe, Hiroshi, Matsui, Masahiro, Yamaguchi, Atsushi, Yoshie, Ryuichiro, and Yoshida, Akihito

Published
2010

32. Estimation of detailed temperature distribution of sea water using seismic oceanography

Author

Minato, Shohei, Tsuji, Takeshi, Noguchi, Takashi, Shiraishi, Kazuya, Matsuoka, Toshifumi, Fukao, Yoshio, and [checking]

Subjects
Full waveform inversion, フルウェーブフォームインバージョン, 地震波海洋学, 海水中鉛直微細, 焼きなまし法, Seismic oceanography, Oceanic Finestructure, 構造, Simulated Annealing, Kuroshio Current, 黒潮
Abstract

地震波海洋学において，海水中の微細な温度構造を推定するために，高速波形計算法と焼きなまし法を組み合わせたフルウェーブフォームインバージョン手法を開発した。焼きなまし法を利用することで，初期モデル依存の少ないインバージョンが可能となった。このインバージョン手法を，紀伊半島沖黒潮流軸周辺で取得された反射法地震探査データに適用した。この反射法地震探査データは，南海トラフの内部構造の解明を目的とした3次元探査の一部であり，黒潮の流軸を横切るように取得されている。インバージョンで得られた海水中の2次元音波速度構造から，海水中に高速度層と低速度層が互層状に分布し，これらの互層構造が海岸から黒潮の流軸に向かって傾いていることが判明した。経験式を用いて音波速度を温度に変換することで，最終的に海水中の2次元温度構造を得た。しかし結果の一部では，これまで知られている観測結果よりも層厚が薄く，層間の速度変化が大きい構造が卓越した。この原因を調べるために，インバージョンに対するノイズの影響を検証した。有限差分法で計算した擬似観測記録にホワイトノイズを加えてインバージョンを実施した結果，S/N比が小さい場合，速度変化が現れる深度はほぼ正しいものの，その速度コントラストは真のモデルより大きくなる傾向が認められた。シミュレーション結果の検討から，今回の紀伊半島沖のデータをインバージョンして得られた音波速度構造が，ホワイトノイズの影響によって実際の構造よりも音波速度コントラストが大きく解析されている可能性が示唆される。, We propose a new method to estimate a 2D detail temperature distribution in the ocean from seismic data. This method is based on a combination of Simulated Annealing (SA) and fast waveform calculation methods. In contrast to the local optimization methods, the SA enables us to optimize the model parameters with less dependency on the initial model. We applied this inversion method to multi-channel seismic reflection data acquired around the axis of Kuroshio Current. Since the survey line was oriented NW-SE direction, we can obtain the velocity, temperature structure across the Kuroshio Current using the seismic data. The 2D acoustic velocity structure derived from the inversion revealed that the multi-layered structures are dominant in the ocean, and these layers are dipping toward the current axis. We estimated the temperature distribution from the obtained acoustic velocity using an empirical formula. Furthermore, we investigate the effect of random noise on the inversion results. We contaminated the data derived from the finite difference method by Gaussian distributed noise. We observed that the estimated velocity contrasts tend to get large compared to the true contrasts as S/N ratio decreases. This suggests that one of the reasons for the large velocity contrasts in the obtained acoustic velocity profiles could be originated from the observation noises.

Published
2009

33. 社会進化分野(III.研究活動)

Author

Furuichi, Takeshi, Huffman, Michael A., [checking], Tsuji, Yamato, Hernandez, Alexander D., Leca Jean-Baptiste, Nahallage, Charmalie A. D., Jaman, Mohammad F., MacIntosh, Andrew J. J., and Kanda, Megumi

Subjects
489.9
Published
2009

34. 思考言語分野(III.研究活動)

Author

Matsuzawa, Tetsuro, Tomonaga, Masaki, Hayashi, Misato, Adachi, Ikuma, Ochiai (Ohira), Tomomi, Inoue, Sana, Ohashi, Gaku, Uchikoshi, Makiko, Takashima, Tomoko, Hori, Suzuka, Ito, Yasuyo, Imura, Tomoko, Hattori, Yuko, Yamamoto, Shinya, Sato, Yoshiaki, Ogura, Tadatoshi, Kano, Fumihiro, Kaneko, Takaaki, Martin, Christopher, [checking], and Yamanashi, Yumi

Subjects
489.9
Published
2009

35. 系統発生分野(III.研究活動)

Author

Takai, Masanaru, Nishimura, Takeshi, Egi, Naoko, Hagino, Shintaro, Ito, Tsuyoshi, Maung, Zin, [checking], Thein, Maung, and Nishioka, Yuichiro

Subjects
489.9
Published
2009

36. 集団遺伝分野(III.研究活動)

Author

Kawamoto, Yoshi, Tanaka, Hiroyuki, Kawamoto, Sakie, Kawai, Shizuka, Mohammed Mostafa Feeroz, and [checking]

Subjects
489.9
Published
2009

39. Experimental study on imaging hydraulic conductivity of rock masses based on elastic wave velocity dispersion

Author

Yoshimura, Kimitaka, Ando, Kenichi, Sakashita, Susumu, [checking], Okumura, Hirofumi, Nishiyama, Satoshi, and Onishi, Yuzo

Subjects
高レベル放射性廃棄物, 透水係数, seismic tomography, velocity dispersion, 弾性波トモグラフィ, 多孔質弾性体論, poro-elastic theory, Radioactive Waste disposal in underground, 速度分散, hydraulic conductivity
Abstract

弾性波の分散を利用した岩盤の透水性評価手法の開発を目指し，室内試験および原位置試験による基礎的な検討を実施した。流体で満たされた岩盤中を弾性波が伝播する際には，周波数に応じた固体と流体との相互作用により速度と減衰率が変化する分散現象が生じその周波数特性と透水性との相関性を示す理論が提案されている。本稿では，弾性波の分散と透水性との関係について数値実験を実施し，次いで室内試験を実施した。その結果，透水性の異なる花崗岩試料に対して，異なる分散特性が認められ，理論式と整合することを確認した。さらに，周波数に依存した弾性波速度の分散が原位置で測定可能かどうかを検討した。その結果1.5mから70mの孔間で0.8kHzから80kHzの周波数帯において分散現象の可能性が高い試験結果が得られた。孔間距離1.5mで，発振周波数が20kHzおよび40kHzの弾性波トモグラフィ測定を実施し，地球統計学的手法を利用した試解析により透水係数断面を得た。得られた透水係数断面中央付近のボーリングを用いて透水試験を実施し，推定透水係数と比較したところ，両者の良好な一致が認められた。, The objective of this study is to establish a technique to obtain hydraulic conductivity distribution in granite rock masses. This technique is based on the characteristic that elastic wave velocity disperses in fully saturated porous media on frequency. Velocity dispersion is governed by fluid/solid interaction which corresponds to the hydraulic conductivity such as described by Biot and BISQ theory. In order to verify the validity of these theories in granite rock, laboratory tests were performed. The results of experiments show that the elastic wave velocity dispersion for granite rock can be well described by BISQ theory. To test the applicability of this approach in real rock masses, we performed in-situ experiments at the Grimsel test site in Switzerland. Dispersion phenomena were detected in the frequency range from 0.8 kHz to 80 kHz, in the borehole distance range from 1.5m to 70m. Cross-hole tomography measurements, with frequency at 20 kHz and 40 kHz in a distance between boreholes of 1.5 meter, were carried out. To obtain the hydraulic conductivity image, geostatistical technique was tried. A limited number of hydraulic test data were used to find the correlation between the velocity difference and hydraulic conductivity. With this correlation, a hydraulic conductivity image was constructed. The location of the high hydraulic conductivity zone from the result agrees with that estimated using geological information. Additional hydraulic tests were conducted in a borehole located in the middle of the tomography plane. These hydraulic tests show a good agreement between the measured hydraulic conductivity and the hydraulic conductivities predicted from the cross-hole tomography. These result of experimental studies show that the possibility as a practical method to determine the hydraulic conductivity image in granite rock.

Published
2009

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