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3,485 results on '"[SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]"'

1. Ejecta from the DART-produced active asteroid Dimorphos

Author: Jian-Yang Li, Masatoshi Hirabayashi, Tony L. Farnham, Jessica M. Sunshine, Matthew M. Knight, Gonzalo Tancredi, Fernando Moreno, Brian Murphy, Cyrielle Opitom, Steve Chesley, Daniel J. Scheeres, Cristina A. Thomas, Eugene G. Fahnestock, Andrew F. Cheng, Linda Dressel, Carolyn M. Ernst, Fabio Ferrari, Alan Fitzsimmons, Simone Ieva, Stavro L. Ivanovski, Theodore Kareta, Ludmilla Kolokolova, Tim Lister, Sabina D. Raducan, Andrew S. Rivkin, Alessandro Rossi, Stefania Soldini, Angela M. Stickle, Alison Vick, Jean-Baptiste Vincent, Harold A. Weaver, Stefano Bagnulo, Michele T. Bannister, Saverio Cambioni, Adriano Campo Bagatin, Nancy L. Chabot, Gabriele Cremonese, R. Terik Daly, Elisabetta Dotto, David A. Glenar, Mikael Granvik, Pedro H. Hasselmann, Isabel Herreros, Seth Jacobson, Martin Jutzi, Tomas Kohout, Fiorangela La Forgia, Monica Lazzarin, Zhong-Yi Lin, Ramin Lolachi, Alice Lucchetti, Rahil Makadia, Elena Mazzotta Epifani, Patrick Michel, Alessandra Migliorini, Nicholas A. Moskovitz, Jens Ormö, Maurizio Pajola, Paul Sánchez, Stephen R. Schwartz, Colin Snodgrass, Jordan Steckloff, Timothy J. Stubbs, Josep M. Trigo-Rodríguez, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNRS through the MITI interdisciplinary programmes, CNES, ESA, European Project: 870377,NEO-MAPP, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Física, Ingeniería de Sistemas y Teoría de la Señal, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Astronomía y Astrofísica, European Commission, and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)
Subjects: asteroids, Ejecta, 530 Physics, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], FOS: Physical sciences, Kuiper belt, Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi, Dimorphos, Comets, Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology, Geología, General, planetary defense, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Ingeniería Mecánica, Multidisciplinary, Astrophysical dust, 520 Astronomy, 620 Engineering, Asteroids, Astronomía, Impact, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], DART, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: Some active asteroids have been proposed to be the result of impact events. Because active asteroids are generally discovered serendipitously only after their tail formation, the process of the impact ejecta evolving into a tail has never been directly observed. NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission, apart from having successfully changed the orbital period of Dimorphos, demonstrated the activation process of an asteroid from an impact under precisely known impact conditions. Here we report the observations of the DART impact ejecta with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) from impact time T+15 minutes to T+18.5 days at spatial resolutions of ~2.1 km per pixel. Our observations reveal a complex evolution of ejecta, which is first dominated by the gravitational interaction between the Didymos binary system and the ejected dust and later by solar radiation pressure. The lowest-speed ejecta dispersed via a sustained tail that displayed a consistent morphology with previously observed asteroid tails thought to be produced by impact. The ejecta evolution following DART's controlled impact experiment thus provides a framework for understanding the fundamental mechanisms acting on asteroids disrupted by natural impact., accepted by Nature
Published: 2023

2. Régimes dynamiques dans les noyaux planétaires : diagrammes τ-ℓ

Author: Nataf, Henri-Claude, Schaeffer, Nathanaël, Géodynamo, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: Turbulence, tau-ell, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Core, Convection, Dynamo
Abstract: Planetary cores are the seat of rich and complex fluid dynamics, in which the effects of rotation and magnetic field combine. The equilibria governing the strength of the magnetic field produced by the dynamo effect, the organisation and amplitude of the flow, and those of the density field, remain debated despite remarkable progress made in their numerical simulation. This paper proposes a new approach based on the explicit consideration of the variation of time scales τ with spatial scales ℓ for the different physical phenomena involved. The τ-ℓ diagrams thus constructed constitute a very complete graphic summary of the dynamics of the object under study. They reveal the domains of validity of the different possible dynamic regimes. Several scenarios are thus constructed and discussed for the Earth's core, shedding new light on the width of convective columns and on the force equilibria to be considered. A QG-MAC scenario adapted from Aubert [2019] gives a good account of the observations. A diversion to Venus reveals the subtlety and relativity of the notion of 'fast rotator'. A complete toolbox is provided, allowing everyone to construct a τ-ℓ diagram of a numerical simulation, a laboratory experiment, a theory, or a natural object. Supplementary material for this article is supplied as a separate archive Nataf_Schaeffer_SupMat.zip, the related data is displayed in document Nataf_Schaeffer_SupMat.pdf.; Les noyaux planétaires sont le siège d’une dynamique des fluides riche et complexe où secombinent les effets de la rotation et du champ magnétique. Les équilibres gouvernant l’intensité du champ magnétique produit par effet dynamo, l’organisation et l’amplitude de l’écoulement, et celles du champ de densité, demeurent débattus,malgré les progrès remarquables de leur simulation numérique. Cet article propose une nouvelle approche qui repose sur la prise en compte explicite de la variation des échelles de temps τ avec les échelles spatiales ℓ pour les différents phénomènes physiques impliqués. Les diagrammes τ-ℓ ainsi construits constituent un résumé graphique très complet de la dynamique de l’objet étudié. Ils révèlent les domaines de validité des différents régimes dynamiques possibles. Plusieurs scenarios sont ainsi construits et discutés pour le noyau terrestre, apportant un nouvel éclairage sur la largeur des colonnes convectives et sur les équilibres de force à considérer. Un scenario QG-MAC adapté de Aubert [2019] rend bien compte des observations. Un détour par Vénus révèle la subtilité et la relativité de la notion de ‘rotateur rapide’. Une boîte à outils complète est fournie, permettant à chacun de construire le diagramme τ-ℓ d’une simulation numérique, d’une expérience de laboratoire, d’une théorie, ou d’un objet naturel.
Published: 2023

3. PERVASIVE SHOCK-MELTING AT >65 GPa IN A MARTIAN BASALT, THE SHERGOTTITE NORTHWEST AFRICA 14672

Author: Hewins, Roger, Leroux, H., Jacob, D., Pont, S., Beyssac, O., Malarewicz, V., Lorand, J.-P., Zanetta, P. -M., Zanda, B., Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), and University of Arizona
Subjects: [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Mars, impact melting, meteorites
Abstract: International audience; Shergottites have provided abundant information on the volcanic and impact history of Mars. Northwest Africa (NWA) 14672 contributes to both of these aspects. It is a vesicular ophitic depleted olivine-phyric shergottite, with average plagioclase An61Ab39Or0.2. It is highly ferroan, with pigeonite compositions En49-25Fs41-61Wo10-14 like those of basaltic shergottites, e.g. NWA 12335. Olivine (Fo53-15) has discrete ferroan overgrowths, more ferroan when in contact with plagioclase than when enclosed by pyroxene. The pyroxene (a continuum of augite, subcalcic augite, and pigeonite) is patchy, with ragged ‘cores’ enveloped or invaded by ferroan pyroxene. Magma mixing may be responsible for capture of olivine and formation of pyroxene mantles. The plagioclase is maskelynite-like in appearance, but the original laths were (congruently) melted and the melt partly crystallized as fine dendrites. Most of the 14% vesicles occur within plagioclase. Olivine, pyroxene, and ilmenite occur in part as fine aggregates crystallized after congruent melting with limited subsequent liquid mixing. There are two fine-grained melt components, barred plagioclase with interstitial Fe-bearing phases, and glass with olivine dendrites, derived by melting of mainly plagioclase and mainly pyroxene, respectively. Rare silica particles contain coesite and/or quartz, and silica glass. The rock has experienced >50% melting, compatible with peak pressure >~65 GPa. It is the most highly shocked shergottite so far, at shock stage S6/7. It may belong to the group of depleted shergottites ejected at ~1 myr from Tooting Crater.
Published: 2023

4. Alignment of fractures on Bennu’s boulders indicative of rapid asteroid surface evolution

Author: Marco Delbo, Kevin J. Walsh, Christophe Matonti, Justin Wilkerson, Maurizio Pajola, Manar M. Al Asad, Chrysa Avdellidou, Ronald-Louis Ballouz, Carina A. Bennett, Harold C. Connolly, Daniella N. DellaGiustina, Dathon R. Golish, Jamie L. Molaro, Bashar Rizk, Stephen R. Schwartz, Dante S. Lauretta, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), University of British Columbia (UBC), University of Arizona, Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), and ANR-18-CE31-0014,ORIGINS,A la recherche des planétésimaux de notre système solaire(2018)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], General Earth and Planetary Sciences
Abstract: International audience; On asteroids, fractures develop due to stresses driven by diurnal temperature variations at spatial scales ranging from sub-millimetres to metres. However, the timescales of such rock fracturing by thermal fatigue are poorly constrained by observations. Here we analyse images of the asteroid (101955) Bennu obtained by the Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification and Security-Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) mission and show that metre-scale fractures on the boulders exposed at the surface have a preferential meridional orientation, consistent with cracking induced by diurnal temperature variations. Using an analytical model of fracture propagation, we suggest that fractures the length of those on Bennu’s boulders can be produced in 104–105 years. This is a comparable or shorter timescale than mass movement processes that act to expose fresh surfaces and reorient boulders and any preferential direction signature. We propose that boulder surface fracturing happens rapidly compared with the lifetime in near-Earth space of Bennu and other carbonaceous asteroids. The damage due to this space-weathering process has consequences for the material properties of these asteroids, with implications for the preservation of the primordial signature acquired during the accretional phases in the protoplanetary disk of our solar system.
Published: 2022

5. VARIABILITY IN MT. SHARP GROUP BEDROCK AS SEEN BY CHEMCAM PASSIVE AND ACTIVE

Author: Manelski, H. T., Sheppard, R. Y., Fraeman, A. A., Wiens, R. C., Johnson, J. R., Rampe, E. B., Frydenvang, J., Lanza, N. L., Gasnault, O., Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Lunar and Planetary Institute
Subjects: [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023

6. IRRADIATION OF ORGANICS ON MARS: EVOLUTION OF THE RAMAN SIGNAL OF THE ERTALYTE TARGET ABOARD PERSEVERANCE

Author: Bernard, S., Beyssac, O., Ollila, A., Lopez-Reyes, G., Manrique, J., Mouélic, S. Le, Beck, P., Forni, O., Pilleri, P., Cousin, A., Gasnault, O., Meslin, P.Y, Travis, G., Clavé, E., Royer, C., Wiens, R., Maurice, S., Team, The Supercam, Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), United States Geological Survey (USGS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France
Subjects: [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023

7. Laboratory analyses for adsorption experiments of phosphoric acid species and phosphate rock standards for p characterization on mars by chemcam

Author: Dimitracopoulos, F.D., Newsom, H. E., Gasda, P. J., Meslin, P. Y., Cerrato, J. M., Crossey, L. J., Lanza, N. L., Tutolo, B. M., Clegg, S. M., Gasnault, O., Delapp, D., The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Calgary, and Lunar and Planetary Institute
Subjects: [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023

8. The fate of manganese: fractionation of mn and fe during the kinetic alteration process

Author: Loche, M., Fabre, S., Cousin, A., Treiman, A., Lanza, N., Meslin, P-Y., Gasda, P., Das, D., Tutolo, B., Gasnault, O., Maurice, S., Wiens, R., Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), University of Calgary, Purdue University [West Lafayette], and Lunar and Planetary Institute
Subjects: [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023

9. Fine-scale sedimentary architecture of the upper part of the Jezero western delta front

Author: Gupta, Sanjeev, Bell III, J.F., Caravaca, Gwénaël, Mangold, Nicolas, Stack‐Morgan, Katie, Kanine, Oak, Tate, Christian, Tice, Michael M., Williams, Amy, Russell, Patrick, Núñez, Jorge, Dromart, Gilles, Williams, R, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Barnes, Robert, Annex, Andrew, Paar, Gerhard, Holm-Alwmark, Sanna, Rice, Melissa S., Rice, James, Horgan, Briony, Grotzinger, John, Maki, Justin, Hickman Lewis, Keyron, Kah, Lindah, Shuster, David L., Simon, Justin I., Minitti, Michelle, Siebach, Kirsten, Gasnault, Olivier, Wiens, Roger, Maurice, Sylvestre, Farley, Kenneth A., Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Cornell University [New York], Texas A&M University [College Station], Department of Geological Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|Geological), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences [Los Angeles] (EPSS), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), Joanneum Research, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Geology Department, Western Washington University, Western Washington University (WWU), School of Earth and Space Exploration [Tempe] (SESE), Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Berkeley Geochronology Center (BGC), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Planetary Geosciences Institute [Knoxville], Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Knoxville], The University of Tennessee [Knoxville]-The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Rice University [Houston], and Lunar and Planetary Institute
Subjects: Jezero crater, delta, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Mars 2020, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Mars, sedimentology
Abstract: International audience; Orbital and rover observations of relict geomorphic features and stratigraphic architectures indicate Mars once had a warmer, wetter climate. Constraining the character, relative timing and persistence of ancient aqueous activity on Mars is possible through detailed interrogation of the stratal geometry of aqueously deposited sedimentary bodies. Such analyses inform interpretations of Martian climate evolution, potential habitability, and search strategies for rocks that might contain potential biosignatures. NASA’s Mars 2020 Perseverance rover mission is seeking signs of ancient life in Jezero crater and is collecting a cache of Martian rock and soil samples for planned return to Earth by a future mission.A prominent sedimentary fan deposit at the western margin of Jezero crater has been interpreted to be a riverdelta that built into an ancient lake basin during the Late Noachian-Early Hesperian epochs on Mars (~3.6-3.8Ga) [1, 2]. The Perseverance rover landed on 18 February 2021 ~2.2 km from the western fan. In March-April 2022, the rover conducted a rapid traverse along the eastern and southeastern side of Jezero fan onlyobtaining a few remote sensing observations along the way. In April 2022, the rover arrived at the base of theancient delta in the Three Forks region of the crater floor adjacent to the delta front (Fig. 1). During the ‘rapidtraverse’ and the exploration of two sections at the delta front - Cape Nukshak and Hawksbill Gap –Perseverance obtained striking images from the Mastcam-Z and SuperCam’s Remote Micro-Imagerinstruments of the stratigraphy exposed stratigraphically higher up in the fan’s erosional front [3]. Images providenew views of the stratigraphy exposed in the erosional front of the western Jezero delta; in particular, showingsections of the delta previously not visible from long distance observations and at much higher resolution.Here, we report its stratigraphy and sedimentology, which provide new constraints on the nature of the fandeposits, and therefore paleoenvironmental implications.
Published: 2023

10. Semiquantitative analysis of chemcam and supercam libs data with spectral unmixing

Author: Schröder, S., Rammelkamp, K., Hansen, P.B., Seel, F., Cousin, A., Forni, O., Gasnault, O., Meslin, P.-Y., Pilleri, P., Rapin, W., Clavé, E., Dehouck, E., Beyssac, O., Beck, P., Maurice, S., Wiens, R.C., Hübers, H.-W., DLR Institute of Optical Sensor Systems, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Institut für Chemie [HU Berlin], Humboldt University Of Berlin, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bioinformatique et BioPhysique [IMPMC] (IMPMC_BIBIP), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Purdue University [West Lafayette], and Lunar and Planetary Institute
Subjects: [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023

11. THE GEDIZ VALLIS INVERTED CHANNEL: EVIDENCE FOR LATE-STAGE FLOW IN GALE CRATER, MARS?

Author: Davis, Joel, Dietrich, William, Gupta, Sanjeev, Bryk, Alexander, Banham, Steven, Wilson, S., Hughes, Maddison, Thompson, Lucy, Roberts, Amelie, Fedo, Christopher, Gasnault, Olivier, Newsom, Horton, Caravaca, Gwénaël, Paar, Gerhard, Kite, Edwin, Birkbeck College [University of London], Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [UC Berkeley, USA], University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), University of New Brunswick (UNB), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Knoxville], The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Joanneum Research, University of Chicago, and Lunar and Planetary Institute
Subjects: inverted channel, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Mars Sciene Laboratory, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Mars, sedimentology, Gediz Vallis Ridge, Gale crater
Abstract: International audience; The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover continues to ascend the foothills of Aeolis Mons (Mt. Sharp), Gale crater, Mars, with the goal of characterizing former habitable environ-ments [1]. Previously, Curiosity encountered evidence for fluvial and lacustrine environments [2], which ex-isted prior to the formation and exhumation of Aeolis Mons. An ongoing goal for the mission is to assess whether and how water and habitability persisted after the formation of Aeolis Mons. As of Sol 3702, Curiosi-ty is approaching the mouth of Gediz Vallis, a ~9-km long, ~500-800 m wide, ~100-250 m deep canyon in-cising into Aeolis Mons, possibly formed by wind and water-driven erosion [3, 4]. On the Gediz Vallis floor are a series of landforms: a channel, an inverted chan-nel-like ridge, and Gediz Vallis ridge (GVR) [3]. The Gediz Vallis inverted channel (GVIC) is the first such landform to be encountered on the ground on Mars; elsewhere on Mars, inverted channels from orbit have been interpreted as filled fluvial valleys, ephemeral and perennial channels, and channel-belts [5]. Key questions for the GVIC include: Were the rocks which make up the GVIC deposited by flowing water, such as by a debris flow or streamflow? Did deposition occur across the wider GV floor, or was it restricted to the GVIC area? Does the GVIC comprise rocks deposited by one or multiple flow events? Here, we present both contextual orbital observations of the GVIC and long-distance observations as seen by Curiosity, and make initial interpretations of the depositional environment.
Published: 2023

12. CLIMATE CHANGE AND TOPOGRAPHY FOCUSED AEOLIAN EROSION IN GALE CRATER, MARS -TEN-YEARS OF MSL OBSERVATIONS

Author: Newsom, H. E., Hoffman, M. E., Gallegos, Z. E., Williams, J. M., Los, S. A., Dimitracopoulos, F. D., Nellessen, M. A., Mason, D., Scuderi, L. A., Crossey, L. J., Gasda, P.J., Lanza, N., Gasnault, O., Kite, E. S., Dietrich, W. E., Institute of Meteoritics [Albuquerque] (IOM), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Lunar and Planetary Institute
Subjects: [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023

13. Jezero Delta mineralogical diversity revealed by SuperCam infrared spectral modeling

Author: Royer, Clément, Poulet, François, Wiens, Roger, Mandon, Lucia, Fouchet, Thierry, Clavé, Elise, Montmessin, Franck, Forni, Olivier, Johnson, Jeffrey, Gasnault, Olivier, Quantin-Nataf, Cathy, Dehouck, Erwin, Beck, Pierre, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Caravaca, Gwénaël, Pinet, P.C., Beyssac, Olivier, Pilorget, Cédric, M. Ollila, Ann, Brown, Adrian, Maurice, Sylvestre, Team, The Supercam, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), NASA Headquarters, Plancius Research LLC, and Lunar and Planetary Institute
Subjects: Jezero crater, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], IRS, Mars 2020, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], sedimentology, mineralogy
Abstract: International audience; Since the end of April 2022, the Perseverance rover has embarked on the Delta Campaignwith the objective to explore the sedimentary delta of Jezero Crater and characterize its stratigraphyand mineral composition. Among the instruments aboard the Rover, SuperCam [1, 2] plays a keyrole in this study thanks to its remote measurement capabilities (spectroscopy and imaging), in particularthe near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy performed by the IRS instrument [3]. This instrument analyzeslight reflected from rocks and soils in the 1.3 – 2.6 μm spectral range and in a field of view of 1.15 mrad,corresponding to an area of about 3.5 mm at 3 m distance. The IRS is thus sensitive to the spectral signaturesof primary and aqueous alteration minerals, enabling the analysis of the compositional diversity of rocks and thus to the study of their formation conditions. Here we summarize a modeling approach of the IRS data to examine diagnostic absorption features.
Published: 2023

14. Secondary mineralogy of Jezero delta rocks from hydrogen and carbon emission lines in supercam libs data

Author: Beck, P., Forni, O., Dehouck, E., Beyssac, O., Benzerara, K., Quantin-Nataf, C., Schröder, S., Meslin, P.-Y., Clavé, E., Cousin, A., Pilleri, P., Lasue, J., Rapin, W., Anderson, R.B., Gasnault, O., Gabriel, T.S.J., Brown, A.J., Maurice, S., Wiens, R.C., Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), United States Geological Survey (USGS), Purdue University [West Lafayette], and Lunar and Planetary Institute
Subjects: [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023

15. Soil diversity on Mars: comparison between Gale and Jezero craters

Author: Cousin, A., Beyssac, O., Forni, O., Meslin, P.Y, Martin, N., Chide, B., Hausrath, E.M., Sullivan, R., Poulet, F., Dehouck, E., Lasue, J., Schröder, S., Gasnault, O., Pilleri, P., Wiens, R., Team, The Supercam Science, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Purdue University [West Lafayette], University of Nevada [Las Vegas] (WGU Nevada), Cornell University [New York], Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), and Lunar and Planetary Institute
Subjects: [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023

16. The impact of compositional changes on random forest predictions: applica-tion to chemcam libs data from gale crater, mars

Author: Rammelkamp, K., Gasnault, O., Bedford, C. C., Dehouck, E., Schroder, S., German Aerospace Center (DLR), DLR Institute of Optical Sensor Systems, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA-NASA, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Lunar and Planetary Institute
Subjects: [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023

17. Coarse-grained olivine-rich regolith at jezero crater, mars: nature, source and transport

Author: Beyssac, O., Chide, B., Cousin, A., Ayoub, F., Bertrand, T., Forni, O., Mandon, L., Beck, P., Johnson, J. R., Lasue, J., Clavé, E., Sullivan, R., Nataf, C. Quantin, Udry, A., Dehouck, E., Poulet, F., Pilorget, C., Fouchet, T., Meslin, P.Y., Gasnault, O., Maurice, S., Wiens, R.C., Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Computer Science [Purdue], Purdue University [West Lafayette], and Lunar and Planetary Institute
Subjects: [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023

18. CHEMCAM SULFUR ABUNDANCES IN THE KNOCKFARRIL HILL MEMBER, GALE CRATER MARS

Author: Hoffman, M. E., Newsom, H. E., Clegg, S. M., Gasda, P. J., Lanza, N., Gasnault, O., Wiens, R. C., Delapp, D. M., Institute of Meteoritics [Albuquerque] (IOM), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, and Lunar and Planetary Institute
Subjects: [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023

19. The deltaic depositional environments and stratigraphy of the kodiak butte (Jezero crater, Mars)

Author: Caravaca, Gwénaël, Dromart, Gilles, Mangold, Nicolas, Gupta, Sanjeev, Stack‐Morgan, Katie, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Gasnault, Olivier, Tate, Christian, Quantin-Nataf, Cathy, Maurice, Sylvestre, Wiens, Roger, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Cornell University [New York], Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, and Lunar and Planetary Institute
Subjects: Jezero crater, delta, straigraphy, paleoenvironment, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Mars 2020, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], sedimentology
Abstract: International audience; For two years, the Perseverance rover has been exploring the Jezero crater floor. A lot of remote observations have been made on the delta front and its remnants, and notably toward the Kodiak butte, situated about 1 km south of the main delta front (Fig. 1). There, morphologies typical of a Gilbert-type delta have been identified [1] using long-distance observations carried out by SuperCam’s Remote Micro-Imager (RMI) and Mastcam-Z (Fig. 2). In this work, we use high-resolution 2D images, as well as 3D Digital Outcrop Models [2;3], to document and characterize the sedimentary succession observed up the cliffs of Kodiak. We divide the Kodiak butte into 3 units (0 to 2) with further sub-facies divisions described below.
Published: 2023

20. From lake deposits to fluvial floods at the eastern delta front of Jezero crater, Mars

Author: Mangold, Nicolas, Gupta, Sanjeev, Caravaca, Gwénaël, Dromart, Gilles, Gasnault, Olivier, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Quantin-Nataf, Cathy, Horgan, Briony, Bell III, J.F., Beyssac, Olivier, Maurice, Sylvestre, Núñez, Jorge, Shuster, David L., Stack‐Morgan, Katie, Weiss, Benjamin P., Wiens, Roger, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Berkeley Geochronology Center (BGC), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [MIT, Cambridge] (EAPS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Lunar and Planetary Institute
Subjects: Jezero crater, delta, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Mars 2020, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Mars, sedimentology, stratigraphy, delta front
Abstract: International audience; The Perseverance rover landed on the floor of Jezero crater on 18 February 2021. The landing site is located ~2.2 km from the SE-facing erosional scarp of the western fan deposits. Images obtained using the Mastcam-Z camera and the Remote Micro-Imager (RMI) of the SuperCam instrument provided the first Mars ground-based observations of this western fan. These images show a deltaic architecture consistent with a paleolake, but at a level ~100 m lower than expected, suggestive of a closed system [1]. Here we report new observations made during the “rapid traverse” in March-April 2022, a period during which the rover traveled fast along the eastern and southeastern side of Jezero fan taking only a few remote sensing observations on the way.
Published: 2023

21. CHEMCAM: ZAPPING MARS FOR 10 YEARS (AND MORE)

Author: Gasnault, Olivier, Lanza, N., Wiens, R., Maurice, S., Mangold, N., Johnson, J., Dehouck, E., Beck, P., Cousin, A., Pinet, P., Bridges, J., Dromart, G., Mcconnochie, T., Mouélic, S. Le, Team, The Chemcam, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), University of Leicester, Space Science Institute [Boulder] (SSI), and Lunar and Planetary Institute
Subjects: [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023

22. Light-toned veins and material in Jezero crater, Mars, as seen in-situ via NASA's Perseverance rover (Mars 2020 mission): stratigraphic distribution and compositional results from the supercam instrument

Author: Nachon, Marion, López-Reyes, Guillermo, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, M. Ollila, Ann, Mandon, Lucia, Clavé, Elise, Forni, Olivier, Maurice, Sylvestre, Wiens, Roger, Gasnault, Olivier, Quantin-Nataf, Cathy, Mangold, Nicolas, Clegg, Samuel, Cousin, Agnès, Lasue, Jérémie, Dehouck, Erwin, Pilleri, Paolo, Team, The Supercam, Bell III, J.F., Horgan, Briony, Núñez, Jorge, Stack‐Morgan, Katie, Tebolt, Michelle, Caravaca, Gwénaël, Gupta, Sanjeev, Calef, Fred J., Crumpler, Larry, Siljeström, Sandra, Russell, Patrick, Williams, Amy, Shuster, David L., Rice, James, Brown, Adrian, Holm-Alwmark, Sanna, Kanine, Oak, Texas A&M University [College Station], Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Geological Sciences [Austin], Jackson School of Geosciences (JSG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin]-University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science (NMMNHS), RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences [Los Angeles] (EPSS), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Department of Geological Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|Geological), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Berkeley Geochronology Center (BGC), School of Earth and Space Exploration [Tempe] (SESE), NASA Headquarters, Plancius Research LLC, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), and Lunar and Planetary Institute
Subjects: Jezero crater, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Mars 2020, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], sedimentology, veins, diagenesis
Abstract: International audience; Within Jezero crater, the Perseverance rover currently explores the lowermost-exposed scarp of the delta (Fig. 1) [1,2]. Here we: (1) present the distribution of light-toned veins currently observed via the rover along its route in Jezero crater; (2) introduce compositional results of veins as analyzed via Perseverance’s SuperCam instrument, and place them into the context of results from the other instruments.
Published: 2023

23. GEOMORPHOLOGY AND RELATIVE AGES OF CHANNEL BELT DEPOSITS IN JEZERO'S WESTERN DELTA

Author: Kronyak, Rachel E., Stack‐Morgan, Katie, Sholes, Steven, Sun, Vivian, Gupta, Sanjeev, Shuster, David L., Caravaca, Gwénaël, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Berkeley Geochronology Center (BGC), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Lunar and Planetary Institute
Subjects: Jezero crater, delta, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Mars
Abstract: International audience; Introduction: The western delta [1] in Jezero crater is composed of a sequence which includes finely layered planar strata, truncated curvilinear strata, and blocky deposits [2], interpreted as prodelta deposits, laterally accreting point-bars formed in meandering channels, and coarse-grained fluvial channel belt deposits, respectively [3-5]. The Mars 2020 Perseverance rover is completing its investigation of the lowest strata exposed within the western delta scarp [6], and will soon embark on a traverse across the delta “top,” during which it will encounter these curvilinear strata and “blocky” channel belt deposits.Here we use orbiter images and digital terrain models to map and characterize the ridge-forming blocky deposits of the western delta, reconstructing the time-order of channel belt deposition within the upper delta. We also re-examine the stratigraphic relationship between the ridges and the underlying curvilinear and planar layered deposits, as well as the largest impact craters on the top surface of the delta.
Published: 2023

24. Acoustics of martian geological material from the shock waves of the laser-induced sparks of supercam

Author: Alvarez, C., Laserna, J., Moros, J., Purohit, P., Angel, S. M., Bernardi, P., Beyssac, O., Bousquet, B., Cadu, A., Chide, B., Clavé, E., Dauson, E., Forni, O., Fouchet, T., Gasnault, O., Jacob, Xavier, Lacombe, G., Lanza, N.L., Larmat, C., Lasue, J., Lorenz, R.D., Meslin, P.-Y., Mimoun, D., Montmessin, Franck, Murdoch, N., Ollila, A. M., Pilleri, P., Reyes-Newell, A. L., Schröder, S., Stott, A., Cate, J. Ten, Vogt, D., Clegg, S., Cousin, A., Maurice, S., Wiens, R. C., Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga], University of South Carolina [Columbia], Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut de mécanique des fluides de Toulouse (IMFT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DLR Institute of Optical Sensor Systems, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Purdue University [West Lafayette], and Lunar and Planetary Institute
Subjects: [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023

25. Not always wet: an aridification sequence in the orbital clay-sulfate transition of aeolis mons

Author: Rapin, William, Dromart, Gilles, Schieber, Juergen, Clark, Benton, Kah, Linda, Rubin, David, Gupta, Sanjeev, Roberts, Amelie, Caravaca, Gwénaël, Edgar, Lauren, Sheppard, Rachel, Dehouck, Erwin, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Bryk, Alexander, Dietrich, William, Gasda, Patrick, Gasnault, Olivier, Lanza, Nina, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System, Space Science Institute [Boulder] (SSI), The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC), Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Astrogeology Science Center [Flagstaff], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [UC Berkeley, USA], University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), and Lunar and Planetary Institute
Subjects: MArs Science Laboratory, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Mars, aridification, sulfate unit, Gale crater, Mirador formation
Abstract: International audience; On Mars, prominent thick-layered sulfate-bearing deposits are observed at a number of late Noachian to late Hesperian locations (~3.5 Ga) [1]. Their apparent absence in older strata has led to the hypothesis that they may represent ancient evaporites related to the global aridification [2]. In Gale crater, the Curiosity rover is exploring the sulfate-bearing unit, a regional package hundreds of meters thick of yet mostly undefined origin [3]. Curiosity’s investigations can test whether the formation processes of this unit are similar to a form of primary evaporation, such as early diagenetic salt crystallization, or later stage precipitations with different conditions.
Published: 2023

26. THE GEDIZ VALLIS SYSTEM IN GALE CRATER ON MARS: HIRISE VIEWS OF THE INVERTED

Author: Wilson, S.A., Thompson, L., Hughes, M., Fedo, C., Arvidson, R., Bryk, A., Davis, J., Dietrich, W.E., Gasnault, O., Grant, J.A., Gupta, S., House, C., Kite, E., Kubacki, T., Larter, S., Newsom, H.E., Paar, G., Rivera-Hernández, F., Roberts, A., Williams, R., Center for Earth and Planetary Studies [Washington] (CEPS), Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution-Smithsonian Institution, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Imperial College London, Institute of Meteoritics [Albuquerque] (IOM), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], and Lunar and Planetary Institute
Subjects: [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023

27. Supercam first shots: dust composition and variability

Author: Lasue, J., Meslin, P.Y., Cousin, A., Forni, O., Anderson, R., Beck, P., Beyssac, O., Brown, A., Clegg, S.M., Dehouck, E., Frydenvang, J., Gasda, P., Gasnault, O., Hausrath, E., Pilleri, P., Rapin, W., Wiens, R.C., Team, The Supercam, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), United States Geological Survey (USGS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Bioinformatique et BioPhysique [IMPMC] (IMPMC_BIBIP), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Theoretical Division [LANL], Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Computer Science [Purdue], Purdue University [West Lafayette], and Lunar and Planetary Institute
Subjects: [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023

28. Principal component analysis on the supercam-libs spectra of rock targets in the first 640 sols in jezero crater

Author: Castro, K., Arana, G., Población, I., Clegg, S.M., Gibbons, E.F., Manrique, J.-A., Gasda, P., Udry, A., Aramendia, J., Madariaga, J.M., Veneranda, M., Anderson, R.B., López-Reyes, G., Cousin, A., Forni, O., Lasue, J., Legett IV, C., Maurice, S., Ollila, A.M., Wiens, R.C., Beyssac, O., Brown, A.J., Clavé, E., Dehouck, E., Fouchet, T., Gasnault, O., Lanza, N., Laserna, J., Martinez-Frias, J., Pilleri, P., Royer, C., Rull, F., Team, The Supercam, University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), United States Geological Survey (USGS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Purdue University [West Lafayette], Bioinformatique et BioPhysique [IMPMC] (IMPMC_BIBIP), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga], Instituto de Geociencias [Madrid] (IGEO), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), and Lunar and Planetary Institute
Subjects: [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023

29. Analysis of co-located supercam and sherloc observations on abrasion patches in Jezero crater

Author: Connell, S. A., Wiens, R. C., Cardarelli, E. L., Deen, R., Mandon, L., Sharma, S., Beyssac, O., Clavé, E., Siljeström, S., Czaja, A.I., Pilleri, P., Gasnault, O., Lopez-Reyes, G., Johnson, J.R., Bhartia, R., Maurice, S., Teams, Supercam And Sherloc, Purdue University [West Lafayette], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB), University of Cincinnati (UC), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Photon Systems Inc., and Lunar and Planetary Institute
Subjects: [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023

30. Macromolecular organic matter in samples of the asteroid (162173) Ryugu

Author: Hikaru Yabuta, George D. Cody, Cécile Engrand, Yoko Kebukawa, Bradley De Gregorio, Lydie Bonal, Laurent Remusat, Rhonda Stroud, Eric Quirico, Larry Nittler, Minako Hashiguchi, Mutsumi Komatsu, Taiga Okumura, Jérémie Mathurin, Emmanuel Dartois, Jean Duprat, Yoshio Takahashi, Yasuo Takeichi, David Kilcoyne, Shohei Yamashita, Alexandre Dazzi, Ariane Deniset-Besseau, Scott Sandford, Zita Martins, Yusuke Tamenori, Takuji Ohigashi, Hiroki Suga, Daisuke Wakabayashi, Maximilien Verdier-Paoletti, Smail Mostefaoui, Gilles Montagnac, Jens Barosch, Kanami Kamide, Miho Shigenaka, Laure Bejach, Megumi Matsumoto, Yuma Enokido, Takaaki Noguchi, Hisayoshi Yurimoto, Tomoki Nakamura, Ryuji Okazaki, Hiroshi Naraoka, Kanako Sakamoto, Harold C. Connolly, Dante S. Lauretta, Masanao Abe, Tatsuaki Okada, Toru Yada, Masahiro Nishimura, Kasumi Yogata, Aiko Nakato, Miwa Yoshitake, Ayako Iwamae, Shizuho Furuya, Kentaro Hatakeda, Akiko Miyazaki, Hiromichi Soejima, Yuya Hitomi, Kazuya Kumagai, Tomohiro Usui, Tasuku Hayashi, Daiki Yamamoto, Ryota Fukai, Seiji Sugita, Kohei Kitazato, Naru Hirata, Rie Honda, Tomokatsu Morota, Eri Tatsumi, Naoya Sakatani, Noriyuki Namiki, Koji Matsumoto, Rina Noguchi, Koji Wada, Hiroki Senshu, Kazunori Ogawa, Yasuhiro Yokota, Yoshiaki Ishihara, Yuri Shimaki, Manabu Yamada, Chikatoshi Honda, Tatsuhiro Michikami, Moe Matsuoka, Naoyuki Hirata, Masahiko Arakawa, Chisato Okamoto, Masateru Ishiguro, Ralf Jaumann, Jean-Pierre Bibring, Matthias Grott, Stefan Schröder, Katharina Otto, Cedric Pilorget, Nicole Schmitz, Jens Biele, Tra-Mi Ho, Aurélie Moussi-Soffys, Akira Miura, Hirotomo Noda, Tetsuya Yamada, Keisuke Yoshihara, Kosuke Kawahara, Hitoshi Ikeda, Yukio Yamamoto, Kei Shirai, Shota Kikuchi, Naoko Ogawa, Hiroshi Takeuchi, Go Ono, Yuya Mimasu, Kent Yoshikawa, Yuto Takei, Atsushi Fujii, Yu-ichi Iijima, Satoru Nakazawa, Satoshi Hosoda, Takahiro Iwata, Masahiko Hayakawa, Hirotaka Sawada, Hajime Yano, Ryudo Tsukizaki, Masanobu Ozaki, Fuyuto Terui, Satoshi Tanaka, Masaki Fujimoto, Makoto Yoshikawa, Takanao Saiki, Shogo Tachibana, Sei-ichiro Watanabe, Yuichi Tsuda, Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-18-CE31-0011,COMETOR,Origine de la poussière cométaire(2018), and European Project: 819587,HYDROMA
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Macromolecular organic carbonaceous samples asteroid Ryugu Hayabusa2 MASCOT
Abstract: International audience; INTRODUCTION: Organic compounds in asteroids and comets contain information about the early history of the Solar System. They could also have delivered organic material to early Earth. The Hayabusa2 spacecraft visited the carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu and collected samples of its surface materials, which were brought to Earth in December 2020. RATIONALE: We investigated the macromolecular organic matter in the Ryugu samples, measuring its elemental, isotopic, and functional group compositions along with its small-scale structures and morphologies. Analytical methods used included spectro-microscopies, electron microscopy, and isotopic microscopy. We examined intact Ryugu grains and insoluble carbonaceous residues isolated by acid treatment of the Ryugu samples. RESULTS: Organic matter is abundant in the Ryugu grains, distributed as submicrometersized organic grains and as organic matter dispersed in matrix. The Ryugu organic matter consists of aromatic carbons, aliphatic carbons, ketones, and carboxyls. The functional group
Published: 2023

31. Dynamical history of the Galilean satellites for a fast migration of Callisto

Author: Giacomo Lari, Melaine Saillenfest, Clara Grassi, Dipartimento di Matematica [Pisa], University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides (IMCCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Lille-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Space and Planetary Science, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: The dynamics of the innermost Galilean satellites (Io, Europa and Ganymede) is characterised by a chain of mean motion resonances, called Laplace resonance, and by a strong tidal dissipation that causes wide variations of their semi-major axes over large timescales. The precise history of energy dissipation in the Jovian system is not known, but several theories have been proposed. Tidal resonance locking states that big outer moons can also migrate fast. If this is the case for Callisto, then it should have crossed the 2:1 mean motion resonance with Ganymede in the past, affecting the motion of all four Galilean satellites. Therefore, we aim to determine whether a fast migration for Callisto is compatible with the current orbital configuration of the system. Due to the chaotic nature of the resonant crossing, different outcomes are possible. A small portion of our simulations shows that Callisto can cross the 2:1 resonance with Ganymede without being captured and preserving the Laplace resonance. However, in most cases, we found that Callisto is captured into resonance, despite its divergent migration. As Callisto continues to migrate fast outwards, the moons depart substantially from the exact 8:4:2:1 commensurability, while still maintaining the resonant chain. Callisto can eventually escape it by crossing a high-order mean motion resonance with Ganymede. Afterwards, the moons' system is able to relax to its current configuration for suitable dissipation parameters of the satellites. Therefore it is possible, although challenging, to build a self-consistent picture of the past history of the Galilean satellites for a fast migration of Callisto., 13 pages, 12 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Published: 2023

32. Space Plasma Physics Science Opportunities for the Lunar Orbital Platform - Gateway

Author: Iannis Dandouras, Matt G. G. T. Taylor, Johan De Keyser, Yoshifumi Futaana, Ruth A. Bamford, Graziella Branduardi-Raymont, Jean-Yves Chaufray, Dragos Constantinescu, Elisabetta De Angelis, Pierre Devoto, Jonathan Eastwood, Marius Echim, Philippe Garnier, Benjamin Grison, David Hercik, Helmut Lammer, André Laurens, François Leblanc, Anna Milillo, Rumi Nakamura, Lubomír Přech, Elias Roussos, Štěpán Štverák, Julien Forest, Arnaud Trouche, Sébastien L. G. Hess, Jean-Charles Mateo-Vélez, James Carpenter, Josef Winter, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ESA, CNES, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Kiruna] (IRF), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Mullard Space Science Laboratory (MSSL), University College of London [London] (UCL), HELIOS - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Imperial College London, Institute of Space Science [Bucharest-Măgurele] (ISS), Institute of Atmospheric Physics [Prague] (IAP), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Scibit [Liberec], Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Charles University [Prague] (CU), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Astronomical Institute of Charles University, artenum SARL, ONERA / DPHY, Université de Toulouse [Toulouse], and ONERA-PRES Université de Toulouse
Subjects: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Space weather, Moon Gateway deep space space plasmas heliophysics space weather, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Deep space, Physics - Plasma Physics, Space Physics (physics.space-ph), [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Physics - Space Physics, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Space plasmas, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Moon, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Gateway, Heliophysics
Abstract: International audience; The Lunar Orbital Platform-Gateway (LOP-Gateway, or simply Gateway) is a crewed platform that will be assembled and operated in the vicinity of the Moon by NASA and international partner organizations, including ESA, starting from the mid-2020s. It will offer new opportunities for fundamental and applied scientific research. The Moon is a unique location to study the deep space plasma environment. Moreover, the lunar surface and the surface-bounded exosphere are interacting with this environment, constituting a complex multi-scale interacting system. This paper examines the opportunities provided by externally mounted payloads on the Gateway in the field of space plasma physics, heliophysics and space weather, but also examines the impact of the space environment on an inhabited platform in the vicinity of the Moon. It then presents the conceptual design of a model payload, required to perform these space plasma measurements and observations. It results that the Gateway is very well-suited for space plasma physics research. It allows a series of scientific objectives with a multidisciplinary dimension to be addressed.
Published: 2023

33. Momentum Transfer from the DART Mission Kinetic Impact on Asteroid Dimorphos

Author: Andrew F. Cheng, Harrison F. Agrusa, Brent W. Barbee, Alex J. Meyer, Tony L. Farnham, Sabina D. Raducan, Derek C. Richardson, Elisabetta Dotto, Angelo Zinzi, Vincenzo Della Corte, Thomas S. Statler, Steven Chesley, Shantanu P. Naidu, Masatoshi Hirabayashi, Jian-Yang Li, Siegfried Eggl, Olivier S. Barnouin, Nancy L. Chabot, Sidney Chocron, Gareth S. Collins, R. Terik Daly, Thomas M. Davison, Mallory E. DeCoster, Carolyn M. Ernst, Fabio Ferrari, Dawn M. Graninger, Seth A. Jacobson, Martin Jutzi, Kathryn M. Kumamoto, Robert Luther, Joshua R. Lyzhoft, Patrick Michel, Naomi Murdoch, Ryota Nakano, Eric Palmer, Andrew S. Rivkin, Daniel J. Scheeres, Angela M. Stickle, Jessica M. Sunshine, Josep M. Trigo-Rodriguez, Jean-Baptiste Vincent, James D. Walker, Kai Wünnemann, Yun Zhang, Marilena Amoroso, Ivano Bertini, John R. Brucato, Andrea Capannolo, Gabriele Cremonese, Massimo Dall’Ora, Prasanna J. D. Deshapriya, Igor Gai, Pedro H. Hasselmann, Simone Ieva, Gabriele Impresario, Stavro L. Ivanovski, Michèle Lavagna, Alice Lucchetti, Elena M. Epifani, Dario Modenini, Maurizio Pajola, Pasquale Palumbo, Davide Perna, Simone Pirrotta, Giovanni Poggiali, Alessandro Rossi, Paolo Tortora, Marco Zannoni, Giovanni Zanotti, Cheng A.F., Agrusa H.F., Barbee B.W., Meyer A.J., Farnham T.L., Raducan S.D., Richardson D.C., Dotto E., Zinzi A., Della Corte V., Statler T.S., Chesley S., Naidu S.P., Hirabayashi M., Li J.Y., Eggl S., Barnouin O.S., Chabot N.L., Chocron S., Collins G.S., Daly R.T., Davison T.M., DeCoster M.E., Ernst C.M., Ferrari F., Graninger D.M., Jacobson S.A., Jutzi M., Kumamoto K.M., Luther R., Lyzhoft J.R., Michel P., Murdoch N., Nakano R., Palmer E., Rivkin A.S., Scheeres D.J., Stickle A.M., Sunshine J.M., Trigo-Rodriguez J.M., Vincent J.B., Walker J.D., Wünnemann K., Zhang Y., Amoroso M., Bertini I., Brucato J.R., Capannolo A., Cremonese G., Dall’Ora M., Deshapriya P.J.D., Gai I., Hasselmann P.H., Ieva S., Impresario G., Ivanovski S.L., Lavagna M., Lucchetti A., Epifani E.M., Modenini D., Pajola M., Palumbo P., Perna D., Pirrotta S., Poggiali G., Rossi A., Tortora P., Zannoni M., Zanotti G., Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNRS through the MITI interdisciplinary programmes, CNES, ESA, and European Project: 870377,NEO-MAPP
Subjects: asteroids, bulk density, geometry, 530 Physics, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], kinetic, FOS: Physical sciences, satellite imagery, size, Article, motion, ma, controlled study, uncertainty, planetary defense, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Multidisciplinary, asteroid, 520 Astronomy, momentum transfer, 620 Engineering, astronomy, preliminary data, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], DART, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: The NASA Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission performed a kinetic impact on asteroid Dimorphos, the satellite of the binary asteroid (65803) Didymos, at 23:14 UTC on September 26, 2022 as a planetary defense test. DART was the first hypervelocity impact experiment on an asteroid at size and velocity scales relevant to planetary defense, intended to validate kinetic impact as a means of asteroid deflection. Here we report the first determination of the momentum transferred to an asteroid by kinetic impact. Based on the change in the binary orbit period, we find an instantaneous reduction in Dimorphos's along-track orbital velocity component of 2.70 +/- 0.10 mm/s, indicating enhanced momentum transfer due to recoil from ejecta streams produced by the impact. For a Dimorphos bulk density range of 1,500 to 3,300 kg/m$^3$, we find that the expected value of the momentum enhancement factor, $\beta$, ranges between 2.2 and 4.9, depending on the mass of Dimorphos. If Dimorphos and Didymos are assumed to have equal densities of 2,400 kg/m$^3$, $\beta$= 3.61 +0.19/-0.25 (1 $\sigma$). These $\beta$ values indicate that significantly more momentum was transferred to Dimorphos from the escaping impact ejecta than was incident with DART. Therefore, the DART kinetic impact was highly effective in deflecting the asteroid Dimorphos., Comment: accepted by Nature
Published: 2023
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34. Diverse Lava Flow Morphologies in the Stratigraphy of the Jezero Crater Floor

Author: S. Alwmark, B. Horgan, A. Udry, A. Bechtold, S. Fagents, E. Ravanis, L. Crumpler, N. Schmitz, E. Cloutis, A. Brown, D. Flannery, O. Gasnault, J. Grotzinger, S. Gupta, L. Kah, P. Kelemen, K. Kinch, J. Núñez, Lund University [Lund], IT University of Copenhagen (ITU), Purdue University [West Lafayette], University of Nevada [Las Vegas] (WGU Nevada), University of Vienna [Vienna], Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science (NMMNHS), DLR Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Department of Geography [Winnipeg], University of Winnipeg, Queensland University of Technology [Brisbane] (QUT), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Department of Earth Science and Technology [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University [New York], Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [New York], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), and Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL)
Subjects: Jezero crater, Geophysics, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, Mars2020 Perseverance Geology Geomorphology stratigraphy Jezero crater, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Maaz formation, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Mars 2020 Perseverance, Artuby, Lava
Abstract: International audience; We present a combined geomorphologic, multispectral, and geochemical analysis of crater floor rocks in Jezero crater based on data obtained by the Mastcam-Z and SuperCam instruments onboard the NASA Mars 2020 Perseverance rover. The combined data from this analysis together with the results of a comparative study with geologic sites on Earth allows us to interpret the origins of rocks exposed along the Artuby ridge, a ∼900 m long scarp of lower Máaz formation rocks. The ridge exposes rocks belonging to two morphologically distinct members, Artuby and Rochette, that both have basaltic composition and are spectrally indistinguishable in our analysis. Artuby rocks consist of morphologically distinct units that alternate over the ridge, bulbous, hummocky, layers with varying thicknesses that in places appear to have flowed over underlying strata, and sub-planar thinner laterally continuous layers with variable friability. The Rochette member has a massive appearance with pronounced pitting and sub-horizontal partings. Our findings are most consistent with a primary igneous emplacement as lava flows, through multiple eruptions, and we propose that the thin layers result either from preferential weathering, interbedded ash/tephra layers, ʻaʻā clinker layers, or aeolian deposition. Our analyses provide essential geologic context for the Máaz formation samples that will be returned to Earth and highlight the diversity and complexity of geologic processes on Mars not visible from orbit.
Published: 2023

35. The MMX rover: performing in situ surface investigations on Phobos

Author: Michel, Patrick, Ulamec, Stephan, Böttger, Ute, Grott, Matthias, Murdoch, Naomi, Vernazza, Pierre, Sunday, Cecily, Zhang, Yun, Valette, Rudy, Castellani, Roman, Biele, Jens, Tardivel, Simon, Groussin, Olivier, Lorda, Laurent, Knollenberg, Jörg, Grundmann, Jan Thimo, Arrat, Denis, Pont, Gabriel, Mary, Stephane, Grebenstein, Markus, Miyamoto, Hirdy, Nakamura, Tomoki, Wada, Koji, Yoshikawa, Kent, Kuramoto, Kiyoshi, Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux (CEMEF), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Köln] (DLR), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Electronique, Optronique et Signal (DEOS), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Tohoku University [Sendai], Planetary Exploration Research Center [Chiba] (PERC), Chiba Institute of Technology (CIT), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), Hokkaido University Hospital [Sapporo], and AcknowledgementsThe rover on the MMX mission of JAXA is a CNES-DLR cooperation. The authors would like to thank the whole MMX team at JAXA/ISAS for the unique opportunity to participate to this exciting mission.FundingThis work benefits from funding by CNES and DLR. CS acknowledges PhD thesis funding from ISAE-SUPAERO and CNES. YZ acknowledges funding from the Université Côte d’Azur 'Individual grants for young researchers' program of IDEX JEDI.
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], 01 natural sciences, Regolith, [SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph], Phobos, 0103 physical sciences, Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Rover, Regolith dynamics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Thermal inertia, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, QB275-343, QE1-996.5, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Raman spectrometer, Geology, [SPI.MECA.GEME]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanical engineering [physics.class-ph], Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Numerical modelling, Radiometer, Camera, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft], Geodesy
Abstract: The Japanese MMX sample return mission to Phobos by JAXA will carry a rover developed by CNES and DLR that will be deployed on Phobos to perform in situ analysis of the Martian moon’s surface properties. Past images of the surface of Phobos show that it is covered by a layer of regolith. However, the mechanical and compositional properties of this regolith are poorly constrained. In particular, from current remote images, very little is known regarding the particle sizes, their chemical composition, the packing density of the regolith as well as other parameters such as friction and cohesion that influence surface dynamics. Understanding the properties and dynamics of the regolith in the low-gravity environment of Phobos is important to trace back its history and surface evolution. Moreover, this information is also important to support the interpretation of data obtained by instruments onboard the main MMX spacecraft, and to minimize the risks involved in the spacecraft sampling operations. The instruments onboard the Rover are a Raman spectrometer (RAX), an infrared radiometer (miniRad), two forward-looking cameras for navigation and science purposes (NavCams), and two cameras observing the interactions of regolith and the rover wheels (WheelCams). The Rover will be deployed before the MMX spacecraft samples Phobos’ surface and will be the first rover to drive on the surface of a Martian moon and in a very low gravity environment.Graphic Abstract
Published: 2022

36. Identification par apprentissage machine et analyse de régions de diffusion électronique à la magnétopause terrestre observées par la mission MMS

Author: Lenouvel, Quentin, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, Vincent Nathanaël Génot, and Philippe Garnier
Subjects: Machine Learning, Atmosphère planétaires, Planetary atmosphere, Solar wind, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Apprentissage machine, Vent solaire
Abstract: Magnetic reconnection is a physical process that can occur when oppositely directed magnetic field lines interact with each other and change of the magnetic field topology, transferring the magnetic energy to the energy of the surrounding particles. This phenomenon can be found in numerous astrophysical contexts, one of which is at the magnetopause of the planets where the solar wind and the magnetosphere interact with each other. Many studies have been made on this matter since the 1980's using simulations and observations from missions like THEMIS or CLUSTER. However, the heart of the reconnection process, the electron diffusion region (or EDR), remained largely unstudied due to the difficulty to observe it until the launch of the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission in 2015. Since then, more and more studies on the EDR emerge thanks to the unprecedented resolution of the data provided by MMS but still lack significant numbers of EDR cases to generalize the results, the number of identified EDRs was only of about 32 in 2018 and had not changed much in the next years. In this thesis, I detail the work I have done to identify new EDR events in the data of the MMS mission using deep learning techniques and to study some of the physical aspects of the EDR that are not yet fully understood by the scientific community such as the structure of the EDR or the energy conversion process at the heart of this region. I first developed a Multilayer Perceptron to automatically identify new EDR events using 32 cases previously reported in the literature as a training database. This model uses several classical physical parameters such as the magnetic field, the electric field or the magnetic current as well as one derived scalar that I created called the "MeanRL". This parameter was designed to characterize one of the key signatures of EDRs which is the presence of a crescent shape in the electron velocity distribution functions taken in this region. The trained algorithm was applied to the data of phase 1a of MMS and allowed us to identify 18 new EDR candidates. Four times as many EDRs with positive energy conversion (inner EDRs) as EDRs with negative energy conversion (outer EDR) were found in phase 1a, and the inertial term of the generalized Ohm's law was found responsible to the deceleration of the electrons in the outer EDR, leading to the negative energy conversion observed there. Then, I used the previously and newly reported EDRs to perform several studies about : the link between the solar wind parameters and the energy conversion at the EDR, potential new small scale parameters to identify EDRs, the position of several points of interest within the EDR as well as the intensity and the parallel/perpendicular components of the energy conversion at the EDR. Finally, I designed a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) as an alternative way to look for EDRs. This model analyzes the electron velocity distribution functions to directly search for electron crescents and tries to be an improvement of the "MeanRL" parameter. Events showing such crescents are then "manually" investigated to confirm or not the EDR detection. This CNN was applied on the data of phase 1b of MMS that had not been treated by the first algorithm and allowed for the detection of 17 additional EDR candidates, bringing the total number of identified EDRs to about 70 as of the writing of this thesis.; La reconnexion magnétique est un processus physique qui intervient quand des lignes de champ magnétique opposées interagissent ensemble, résultant en un changement de la topologie magnétique et un transfert de l'énergie magnétique vers l'énergie des particules environnantes. Ce phénomène peut être retrouvé dans de nombreux contextes astrophysiques dont l'un est à la magnétopause des planètes où le vent solaire et la magnétosphère interagissent ensemble. De nombreuses études ont été réalisées à ce sujet depuis les années 80 en utilisant des simulations et des données d'observations de missions comme THEMIS ou CLUSTER. Cependant, le cœur du processus de reconnexion, la région de diffusion électronique (ou Electron Diffusion Region), restait largement non étudié à cause de de la difficulté de son observation jusqu'au lancement de la mission Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) en 2015. Depuis lors, de plus en plus d'études sur l'EDR ont vu le jour grâce à la résolution sans précédent des données produites par MMS mais manquent toujours d'un nombre significatif de cas afin de généraliser les résultats obtenus, le nombre d'EDR identifiées n'était en effet que d'environ 32 en 2018 et n'a pas beaucoup changé dans les années suivantes. Dans cette thèse, je détaille le travail que j'ai mené dans le but d'identifier de nouvelles EDRs dans les données de la mission MMS en utilisant des techniques d'apprentissage profond et pour étudier certains des aspects de l'EDR qui ne sont pas encore complètement compris par la communauté scientifique comme la structure de l'EDR ou encore la conversion d'énergie au sein de cette région. J'ai tout d'abord développé un Perceptron Multicouche pour identifier automatiquement de nouveaux cas d'EDR en utilisant 32 cas précédemment rapportés dans la littérature comme base de données d'entraînement. Ce modèle utilise plusieurs paramètres physiques classiques comme le champ magnétique, le champ électrique ainsi qu'un scalaire dérivé que j'ai créé appelé le "MeanRL". Ce paramètre a été conçu pour caractériser l'une des signatures clés de l'EDR à savoir la présence de formes de croissants dans les fonctions de distribution des vitesses des électrons prises dans cette région. L'algorithme entraîné a été appliqué aux données de la phase 1a de MMS et a permis l'identification de 18 nouveaux candidats d'EDR. Quatre fois plus d'EDR présentant de la conversion d'énergie positive (inner EDR) que d'EDR présentant de la conversion d'énergie négative (outer EDR) ont été trouvés durant la phase 1a, et il a été trouvé que le terme inertiel de la loi d'Ohm généralisée est responsable de la décélération des électrons dans l'outer EDR, causant la conversion d'énergie négative observée dans cette région. J'ai ensuite utilisé les anciens et nouveaux cas d'EDR rapportés afin d'effectuer plusieurs études portant sur : le lien entre les paramètres du vent solaire et la conversion d'énergie à l'EDR, de potentiels nouveaux paramètres de petite échelle pour identifier des EDR, la position de plusieurs points d'intérêts au sein de l'EDR ainsi que sur l'intensité et les composantes parallèles/perpendiculaires de la conversion d'énergie à l'EDR. Pour finir, j'ai conçu un réseau de neurones convolutionel (CNN) comme moyen alternatif pour rechercher des EDRs. Ce modèle analyse les fonctions de distribution des vitesses des électrons pour directement chercher des croissants électroniques et essaie d'être une amélioration du paramètre "MeanRL". Les cas montrant de tels croissants sont alors analysés "à la main" pour confirmer ou non l'identification d'une EDR. Ce CNN a été appliqué sur les données de la phase 1b de MMS qui n'avait pas été traitée par le premier algorithme et a permis la détection de 17 cas additionnels d'EDR, amenant le nombre total d'EDR identifiés à environ 70 lors de l'écriture de cette thèse.
Published: 2022

37. Mining X-ray and multiwavelength archives for hidden black hole populations : application to intermediate-massblack holes

Author: Tranin, Hugo, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, and Natalie Webb
Subjects: Accrétion, Accretion, Trou noir, Rayons X, Black hole, Multi-wavelength observations, Galaxy evolution, X-rays, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Evolution des galaxies, Classification, Observations multi-longueurs d'ondes
Abstract: Supermassive black holes (SMBH, 10^5-10^10 M_odot) have regularly been found at the center of massive galaxies. However, we still know little about their formation mechanism. Extremely luminous active galactic nuclei (AGN), revealing the presence of massive SMBHs, were detected in the high redshift Universe, a few 10^8 years after the Big Bang. A rapid growth mechanism is thus needed, such as a rapid accretion (beyond the Eddington limit) onto intermediate-mass black holes (IMBH, 10^2 - 10^5 M_odot), or the mergers of these black holes. Some of the original IMBHs may have avoided accretion or mergers, and thus still be found in the local Universe, for example as active dwarf galaxies. However, to date, the evidence for these IMBHs remains scarce. Conversely, stellar-mass black holes are found in the Milky Way and nearby galaxies. They are often detected in X-ray binaries (XRB), composed of a compact object - a neutron star or a black hole - accreting from a companion star. Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) may be a luminous version of the XRBs, and are thought to be powered by super-Eddingtonaccretion above the Eddington limit onto stellar-mass compact objects, but the most often the exact mechanism and the nature of the accretor are largely unknown. A few hyperluminous X-ray sources (HLXs, defined as ULXs with L_X> 10^{41} erg/s), may be good candidates for IMBHs. X-ray emission is a well-known signature of accreting systems, and thus X-ray surveys are the ideal place to search for new accreting black holes. The modern X-ray observatories Swift, XMM-Newton and Chandra have detected about a million point-like sources which are yet to be identified. With these and upcoming telescopes, an automated classification of X-ray sources becomes increasingly valuable. Using this approach could provide the cleanest samples possible, where currently contaminants limit population studies of ULXs, HLXs and active dwarf galaxy candidates. In this thesis I develop an automated and probabilistic classification of X-ray sources. The Swift-XRT, XMM-Newton and Chandra catalogues are cross-correlated with each othern with optical and infrared catalogues and with the highly complete census of galaxies GLADE. From these spatial, spectral, photometrical and timing properties, the classification identifies, amongst others, populations of AGN, stars and XRBs, and can be optimised to focus on one class. It efficiently retrieves AGN and stars, but other classes have small training samples limiting the classification performance. A citizen science experiment (CLAXSON) is proposed to enlarge these samples. The classification is then applied to X-ray sources overlapping GLADE galaxies. 1901 ULX candidates are accurately identified, where analysis indicates that it is the cleanest large sample in the current literature. Their spatial distribution, hardness, variability and rates in different environments are studied. I analyse their X-ray luminosity function and confirm the presence of a powerlaw break at a luminosity of 10^40 erg/s for spiral galaxies, tentatively proposed in previous studies. HLX candidates are inspected and cross-correlated with optical sources with redshift to remove possible contaminants. The resulting 191 HLX candidates are statistically compared to ULXs, showing tentative differences perhaps due to a different accretor mass range. Likewise, 91 active dwarf galaxy candidates are identified, where half of them appear to have an off-centre nucleus. I analyse the active fraction of dwarf galaxies in different bins of galaxy mass and limiting luminosity, and I estimate the intrinsic fraction harbouring a black hole. Assuming that these AGN and HLX candidates are indeed black holes, their black hole mass distribution suggests a large fraction of IMBHs. I analyse how this mass compares with galaxy mass. Differences are observed between the two types of candidates and interpreted in terms of IMBH formation mechanisms.; Les trous noirs supermassifs (TNS, 10^5-10^10 M_odot) sont observés au centre de nombreuses galaxies massives. Pourtant, leur mécanisme de formation reste incertain. Une croissance rapide est nécessaire pour expliquer certains noyaux actifs de galaxies (AGN) vus à haut redshift, comme une accrétion rapide (au-delà de la limite d'Eddington) sur des trous noirs de masse intermédiaire (TNI, 10^2-10^5 M_odot), ou la fusion de ces trous noirs. Une partie de ces TNI pourrait avoir eu une faible croissance et se retrouver encore dans l'Univers local, par exemple sous forme de galaxies naines actives. Cependant, à ce jour, les preuves de l'existence de ces TNIs restent rares. À l'inverse, les trous noirs de masse stellaire sont présents dans la Voie lactée et les galaxies proches. Ils sont souvent détectés dans des binaires X (XRB), composées d'un objet compact - étoile à neutrons ou trou noir - qui accrète d'une étoile compagnon. Les sources X ultralumineuses (ULX), qui sont peut-être une version lumineuse des XRBs, seraient alimentées par l'accrétion super-Eddington sur des objets compacts de masse stellaire, mais le plus souvent sa nature et le mécanisme exact sont inconnus. Certaines sources X hyperlumineuse (HLX, défini comme un ULX ayant L_X>10^41 erg/s) pourraient être des bons candidats pour des TNIs. L'émission de rayons X étant une signature importante des systèmes accrétants, les relevés en rayons X sont l'endroit idéal pour trouver de nouveaux trous noirs. Les observatoires modernes en rayons X Swift, XMM-Newton et Chandra ont détecté environ un million de sources ponctuelles qui n'ont pas encore été identifiées. Avec ces télescopes et ceux à venir, une classification automatisée des sources de rayons X devient indispensable. Elle pourrait notamment réduire la part de contaminants qui sont souvent un frein dans l'étude des échantillons d'ULXs, HLXs et galaxies naines actives. Dans cette thèse, je développe une classification automatisée et probabiliste des sources de rayons X. Les catalogues Swift-XRT, XMM-Newton et Chandra sont corrélés entre eux et avec des catalogues optiques et infrarouges, ainsi que le recensement complet de galaxies GLADE. A partir de ces propriétés spatiales, spectrales, photométriques et temporelles, la classification identifie entre autres des populations d'AGN, d'étoiles et de XRBs, et peut être optimisée pour une classe d'intérêt. Les AGN et les étoiles sont classifiés avec précision, mais les autres classes ont de petits échantillons d'entraînement limitant la classification. Une expérience de science participative (CLAXSON) est proposée pour les augmenter. La classification est ensuite appliquée aux sources recouvrant les galaxies GLADE. 1901 candidats ULX sont identifiés, probablement l'échantillon le plus grand et propre de la littérature actuelle. Leurs distributions spatiale, spectrale et dans différents environnements sont étudiées. J'analyse leur fonction de luminosité et confirme la présence d'une cassure de la loi de puissance à L_X~10^40 erg/s pour les galaxies spirales. Les candidats HLX sont inspectés et de nombreux contaminants éliminés grâce à leur redshift. Les 191 candidats HLX restants sont comparés aux ULXs, montrant de légères différences peut-être dues à une gamme de masse d'accréteur différente. J'obtiens enfin 91 candidats galaxies naines actives. J'analyse la fraction active des galaxies dans différents intervalles de masse de galaxie et de luminosité limite, puis j'estime la fraction intrinsèque abritant un trou noir. En supposant que ces candidats AGN et HLX sont effectivement des trous noirs, leur distribution de masse de trou noir révèle une grande fraction de TNIs. J'analyse comment cette masse se compare à la masse de la galaxie. Des différences sont observées entre ces deux types de candidats et interprétées en termes de mécanismes de formation des TNIs.
Published: 2022

38. Origin of color variations of thin, nano-sized layers of volcanic cinder from the Sierra Negra Volcano of the Galapagos Islands

Author: Alexis Debut, Carlos R. Arroyo, Theofilos Toulkeridis, Andrea V. Vaca, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas [Sangolqui] (ESPE), Universidad de Especialidades Turísticas, and Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio)
Subjects: velocidad de cristalización, Science (General), Ceniza, General Computer Science, Science, crystallization speed, vulcanologia, General Mathematics, diffraction, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, vulcanología, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Q1-390, nano-sized layers, volcanology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Cinder, Nano sized, interferencia óptica, difracción, Physics, geography, optical interference, geography.geographical_feature_category, General Social Sciences, Galápagos, Cinza, General Chemistry, capas de tamaño nano, velocidade de cristalização, camadas de tamanho nano, Volcano, 13. Climate action, difração, interferência óptica, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Galapagos, Humanities
Abstract: International audience; Volcanic cinder, also known as scoria, is an extrusive igneous rock that forms when gas-rich magmas of basaltic or andesitic composition cool quickly. It is typically dark in color, ranging from black to red depending on its chemical composition. Sometimes fresh cinder samples show a variety of shiny metallic colors on its surface ranging from blue to gold to silver. The origin of these colors has remained unknown up to now. Cinder samples from an eruptive event occurred in October 2005 have been collected in the surroundings of the Sierra Negra volcano in the Galápagos Islands. The samples’ crystallographic structure, chemical composition, and surface morphology have been analyzed using X-Ray diffractometry (XRD), energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDS) and a field gun emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Based on an extensive physical and chemical analysis, we were able to demonstrate that these colors are due to a light interference phenomenon. These results have a great potential to be used for a wide variety of purposes such as determining the temperature and composition of magma and evaluating volcanic samples for planetary studies.; Las cenizas volcánicas, también conocidas como escorias, son una roca ígnea extrusiva que se forma cuando los magmas ricos en gas de composición basáltica o andesítica se enfrían rápidamente. Es típicamente de color oscuro, que va del negro al rojo dependiendo de su composición química. A veces las muestras de ceniza fresca muestran una variedad de colores metálicos brillantes en su superficie que van del azul al oro y a la plata, dependiendo de la orientación de la muestra. Hasta ahora, el origen de estos colores ha permanecido desconocido. Muestras de cenizas de un evento eruptivo ocurrido en octubre de 2005, han sido recogidas en los alrededores del volcán Sierra Negra en las Islas Galápagos. La estructura cristalográfica, la composición química y la morfología de la superficie de estas muestras se han analizado utilizando la difracción de rayos X (XRD), la espectroscopia de rayos X de dispersión de energía (EDS) y la microscopia electrónica de barrido con emisión de campo (SEM), respectivamente. Basándonos en un extenso análisis físico y químico, hemos podido demostrar que estos colores se deben a un fenómeno de interferencia de la luz. Estos resultados tienen un gran potencial para ser utilizados para una amplia variedad de propósitos como la determinación de la temperatura y la composición del magma, así como la evaluación de muestras volcánicas para estudios planetarios.; As cinzas vulcânicas, também conhecidas como escórias, são uma rocha ígnea extrusiva formada quando os magmas ricos em gás de composição basáltica ou andesítico esfriam rapidamente. É tipicamente de cor escura, que vai do preto ao vermelho, dependendo de sua composição química. Às vezes as amostras de cinza fresca mostram uma variedade de cores metálicas brilhantes em sua superfície que vão do azul ao ouro e à cor prata, dependendo da orientação da amostra. Até o momento, a origem destas cores permanece desconhecida. Amostras de cinzas de um evento eruptivo ocorrido em outubro de 2005, foram recolhidas nos arredores do vulcão Sierra Negra nas Ilhas Galápagos. A estrutura cristalográfica, a composição química e a morfologia da superfície destas amostras foram analisadas por meio da difração de raios X (XRD), da espectroscopia de raios X por energia dispersiva (EDS) e da microscopia eletrônica de varredura com emissão de campo (SEM), respectivamente. Com base em uma extensa análise física e química, pudemos demonstrar que essas cores se devem a um fenômeno de interferência da luz. Esses resultados têm um grande potencial para serem utilizados com uma ampla variedade de propósitos como a determinação da temperatura e a composição do magma, bem como a avaliação de amostras vulcânicas para estudos planetários.
Published: 2021

39. Exploration of Enceladus and Titan: investigating ocean worlds’ evolution and habitability in the Saturn system

Author: Giuseppe Mitri, Jason Barnes, Athena Coustenis, Enrico Flamini, Alexander Hayes, Ralph D. Lorenz, Marco Mastrogiuseppe, Roberto Orosei, Frank Postberg, Kim Reh, Jason M. Soderblom, Christophe Sotin, Gabriel Tobie, Paolo Tortora, Veronique Vuitton, Peter Wurz, ITA, USA, FRA, DEU, CHE, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), University of Idaho [Moscow, USA], Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Department of Astronomy [Ithaca], Cornell University [New York], Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Istituto di Radioastronomia [Bologna] (IRA), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Mitri G., Barnes J., Coustenis A., Flamini E., Hayes A., Lorenz R.D., Mastrogiuseppe M., Orosei R., Postberg F., Reh K., Soderblom J.M., Sotin C., Tobie G., Tortora P., Vuitton V., and Wurz P.
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 520 Astronomy, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Astronomy and Astrophysics, Ocean world, 620 Engineering, 01 natural sciences, Voyage 2050, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, 14. Life underwater, Enceladu, Titan, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: We present a White Paper with a science theme concept of ocean world evolution and habitability proposed in response to ESA’s Voyage 2050 Call with a focus on Titan and Enceladus in the Saturn system. Ocean worlds in the outer Solar System that possess subsurface liquid water oceans are considered to be prime targets for extra-terrestrial life and offer windows into Solar System evolution and habitability. The Cassini-Huygens mission to the Saturn system (2004–2017) revealed Titan with its organic-rich evolving world with terrestrial features and Enceladus with its active aqueous environment to be ideal candidates to investigate ocean world evolution and habitability. Additionally, this White Paper presents a baseline for a multiple flyby mission with a focused payload as an example of how ocean world evolution and habitability in the Saturn system could be investigated building on the heritage of the Cassini-Huygens mission and complementing the recently selected NASA Dragonfly mission.
Published: 2021

40. Ice giant system exploration within ESA’s Voyage 2050

Author: Nadine Nettleman, Paolo Tortora, Jonathan J. Fortney, Ricardo Hueso, David Andrews, Jürgen Schmidt, Francesca Ferri, Adam Masters, Ravit Helled, Gabriel Tobie, O. Mousis, Nicolas André, Léa Griton, Michele T. Bannister, Diego Turrini, Amy Simon, Yohai Kaspi, Paul Hartogh, Geraint H. Jones, Thibault Cavalié, Laurent Lamy, Elias Roussos, Christina Plainaki, Leigh N. Fletcher, Julianne I. Moses, Emma J. Bunce, Davide Grassi, Sébastien Charnoz, Federico Tosi, Henrik Melin, ASP 2021, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Fletcher, LN, Helled, R, Roussos, E, Jones, G, Charnoz, S, Andre, N, Andrews, D, Bannister, M, Bunce, E, Cavalie, T, Ferri, F, Fortney, J, Grassi, D, Griton, L, Hartogh, P, Hueso, R, Kaspi, Y, Lamy, L, Masters, A, Melin, H, Moses, J, Mousis, O, Nettleman, N, Plainaki, C, Schmidt, J, Simon, A, Tobie, G, Tortora, P, Tosi, F, and Turrini, D
Subjects: Solar System, History, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Uranus, Agency (philosophy), Cornerstone, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Astrobiology, Ice Giant, White paper, Uranu, Planetary exploration, Space and Planetary Science, Neptune, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Ice giant, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Of all the myriad environments in our Solar System, the least explored are the distant Ice Giants Uranus and Neptune, and their diverse satellite and ring systems. These ‘intermediate-sized’ worlds are the last remaining class of Solar System planet to be characterised by a dedicated robotic mission, and may shape the paradigm for the most common outcome of planetary formation throughout our galaxy. In response to the 2019 European Space Agency call for scientific themes in the 2030s and 2040s (known as Voyage 2050), we advocated that an international partnership mission to explore an Ice Giant should be a cornerstone of ESA’s science planning in the coming decade, targeting launch opportunities in the early 2030s. This article summarises the inter-disciplinary science opportunities presented in that White Paper [1], and briefly describes developments since 2019.
Published: 2021

41. Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere‐Thermosphere Coupling study at Jupiter Based on Juno’s First 30 Orbits and Modeling Tools

Author: S. Al Saati, N. Clément, C. Louis, M. Blanc, Y. Wang, N. André, L. Lamy, B. Bonfond, B. Collet, F. Allegrini, S. Bolton, G. Clark, J. E. P. Connerney, J.‐C. Gérard, G. R. Gladstone, S. Kotsiaros, W. S. Kurth, B. Mauk, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] (CPHT), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (DIAS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]
Abstract: The dynamics of the Jovian magnetosphere is controlled by the interplay of the planet's fast rotation, its solar-wind interaction and its main plasma source at the Io torus, mediated by coupling processes involving its magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere. At the ionospheric level, these processes can be characterized by a set of parameters including conductances, field-aligned currents, horizontal currents, electric fields, transport of charged particles along field lines including the fluxes of electrons precipitating into the upper atmosphere which trigger auroral emissions, and the particle and Joule heating power dissipation rates into the upper atmosphere. Determination of these key parameters makes it possible to estimate the net transfer of momentum and energy between Jovian upper atmosphere and equatorial magnetosphere. A method based on a combined use of Juno multi-instrument data and three modeling tools was developed by Wang et al. (2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021ja029469) and applied to an analysis of the first nine orbits to retrieve these parameters along Juno's magnetic footprint. We extend this method to the first 30 Juno science orbits and to both hemispheres. Our results reveal a large variability of these parameters from orbit to orbit and between the two hemispheres. They also show dominant trends. Southern current systems are consistent with the generation of a region of sub-corotating ionospheric plasma flows, while both super-corotating and sub-corotating plasma flows are found in the north. These results are discussed in light of the previous space and ground-based observations and currently available models of plasma convection and current systems, and their implications are assessed.
Published: 2022

42. BepiColombo Mio Observations of Low‐Energy Ions During the First Mercury Flyby: Initial Results

Author: Yuki Harada, Sae Aizawa, Yoshifumi Saito, Nicolas André, Moa Persson, Dominique Delcourt, Lina Z. Hadid, Markus Fraenz, Shoichiro Yokota, Andréi Fedorov, Wataru Miyake, Emmanuel Penou, Alain Barthe, Jean‐André Sauvaud, Bruno Katra, Shoya Matsuda, Go Murakami, Department of Geophysics [Kyoto], Kyoto University, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Tokai University, Graduate School of the Natural Science and Technology [Kanazawa], and Kanazawa University (KU)
Subjects: Geophysics, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], General Earth and Planetary Sciences
Abstract: International audience; • We present initial reports on low energy ion observations during BepiColombo's first Mercury flyby • Mio observed large fluctuations of ion flux with time scales down to a few seconds around the magnetopause and within the magnetosphere • Ion energy spectra obtained in the midnight magnetotail suggest the presence of an unexpectedly dense cold component
Published: 2022

43. An Insight Into Ancient Aeolian Processes and Post‐Noachian Aqueous Alteration in Gale Crater, Mars, Using ChemCam Geochemical Data From the Greenheugh Capping Unit

Author: Candice C. Bedford, Steven G. Banham, John C. Bridges, Olivier Forni, Agnes Cousin, Donald Bowden, Stuart M. R. Turner, Roger C. Wiens, Patrick J. Gasda, Jens Frydenvang, Olivier Gasnault, Kristin Rammelkamp, Frances Rivera‐Hernandez, Elizabeth B. Rampe, Rebecca Smith, Cherie Achilles, Erwin Dehouck, Alexander B. Bryk, Susanne P. Schwenzer, Horton Newsom, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract: International audience; Aeolian processes have shaped and contributed to the geological record in Gale crater, Mars, long after the fluviolacustrine system existed ∼3 Ga ago. Understanding these aeolian deposits, particularly those which have been lithified and show evidence for aqueous alteration, can help to constrain the environment at their time of deposition and the role of liquid water later in Mars' history. The NASA Curiosity rover investigated a prominent outcrop of aeolian sandstone within the Stimson formation at the Greenheugh pediment as part of its investigation of the Glen Torridon area. In this study, we use geochemical data from ChemCam to constrain the effects of aeolian sedimentary processes, sediment provenance, and diagenesis of the sandstone at the Greenheugh pediment, comparing the Greenheugh data to the results from previous Stimson localities situated 2.5 km north and >200 m lower in elevation. Our results, supported by mineralogical data from CheMin, show that the Stimson formation at the Greenheugh pediment was predominately sourced from an olivine-rich unit that may be present farther up the slopes of Gale crater's central mound. Our results also suggest that the Greenheugh pediment Stimson formation was cemented by surface water runoff such as that which may have formed Gediz Vallis. The lack of alteration features in the Stimson formation at the Greenheugh pediment relative to those of the Emerson and Naukluft plateaus suggests that groundwater was not as available at this locality compared to the others. However, all sites share diagenesis at the unconformity
Published: 2022

44. Meteorix: High performance computer vision application for Meteor detection from a CubeSat

Author: Millet, Maxime, Rambaux, Nicolas, Cassagne, Adrien, Bouyer, Manuel, Petreto, Andrea, Lacassagne, Lionel, Architecture et Logiciels pour Systèmes Embarqués sur Puce (ALSOC), LIP6, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides (IMCCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Lille-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-AR]Computer Science [cs]/Hardware Architecture [cs.AR], [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], [INFO.INFO-AO]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Arithmetic, [INFO.INFO-DS]Computer Science [cs]/Data Structures and Algorithms [cs.DS], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], [INFO.INFO-RB]Computer Science [cs]/Robotics [cs.RO], [INFO.INFO-SE]Computer Science [cs]/Software Engineering [cs.SE], [INFO.INFO-DM]Computer Science [cs]/Discrete Mathematics [cs.DM], [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

45. Reflection, emission, and polarization properties of surfaces made of hyperfine grains, and implications for the nature of primitive small bodies

Author: Sultana, Robin, Poch, Olivier, Beck, Pierre, Schmitt, B., Quirico, E., Spadaccia, Stefano, Patty, Lucas, Pommerol, Antoine, Maturilli, Alessandro, Helbert, Jörn, Alemanno, Giulia, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, National Centre of Competence in Research PlanetS (NCCR PlanetS), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)-Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)-Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), European Project: ERC-CoG2017-771691,SOLARYS, and European Project: 654208,Europlanet-2020 RI
Subjects: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), asteroids, spectroscopy, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), small bodies, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: There are various indications that the most primitive small bodies (P, D-type asteroids, comets) have surfaces made of intimate mixtures of opaque minerals and other components (silicates, carbonaceous compounds, etc.) in the form of sub-micrometre-sized grains, smaller than the wavelength at which they are observed, so-called hyperfine grains. Here, we investigate how the Vis-NIR-MIR spectral and V-band polarimetric properties of surfaces made of hyperfine grains are influenced by the relative abundance of such hyperfine materials, having strongly different optical indexes. Mixtures of grains of olivine and iron sulfide (or anthracite), as analogues of silicates and opaque minerals present on small bodies, were prepared at different proportions. The measurements reveal that these mixtures of hyperfine grains have spectral and polarimetric Vis-NIR properties varying in strongly nonlinear ways. When present at even a few percent, opaque components dominate the Vis-NIR spectral and polarimetric properties, and mask the silicate bands at these wavelengths. The Vis-NIR spectral slope ranges from red (positive slope), for pure opaque material, to blue (negative slope) as the proportion of silicates increases, which is reminiscent of the range of spectral slopes observed on P, D, X, C- and B-types asteroids. The spectra of the darkest mixtures in the Vis-NIR exhibit the absorption bands of Si-O in olivine around 10 m in the MIR, which is observed in emission for several small bodies. This work shows that both the contrasted optical indexes of the components, and the dispersion or aggregation (depending on their relative proportions) of their hyperfine grains, induce different light scattering regimes in the Vis-NIR and MIR, as observed for primitive small bodies. The optical separation of hyperfine grains seems to be a major parameter controlling the optical properties of these objects., accepted in Icarus
Published: 2023

46. ASTEROIDS, IMPACTS AND PLANETARY SCIENCE IN AFRICA FOR DEVELOPMENT

Author: Baratoux, David, Kaire, M, Lagadec, E, Rochette, P., Niang, Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny (UFHB), Association Sénégalaise pour la Promotion de l’Astronomie (ASPA) (ASPA), Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), and Baratoux, David
Subjects: [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [SDU.ASTR.EP] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]
Abstract: This presentation will focus on recent efforts to develop space and planetary sciences in Africa, particularly work on African impact structures and support for NASA space missions (New Horizons, Lucy) to explore asteroids through stellar occultation campaigns conducted in Senegal., Cette presentation s’intéressera aux récents efforts de développement des sciences de l’espace et des planètes en Afrique, et en particulier les travaux s’intéressants aux structures d’impacts africaines et au soutien des missions spatiales NASA (New Horizons, Lucy) d’exploration des astéroïdes par des campagnes d’occultation stellaire menées au Sénégal.
Published: 2022

47. First Results from Atmospheric Observations of CO2, H2O, and CO from SuperCam on Mars2020-Pereverance Rover

Author: Montmessin, Franck, Mcconnochie, T., Fouchet, T., Royer, C., Knutsen, Elise Wright, Bertrand, T., Forni, O., Pilleri, P., Gasnault, O., Lacombe, Gaetan, Lasue, J., Legett, C., Lemmon, M. T., Newell, T., Venhaus, D. M., Maurice, S., Wiens, R. C., PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Space Science Institute [Boulder] (SSI), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), University of Maryland [College Park], and University of Maryland System
Subjects: [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]
Abstract: International audience; Not Available
Published: 2022

48. Homogeneity assessment of the SuperCam calibration targets onboard rover perseverance

Author: J.M. Madariaga, J. Aramendia, G. Arana, K. Castro, L. Gómez-Nubla, S. Fdez-Ortiz de Vallejuelo, C. Garcia-Florentino, M. Maguregui, J.A. Manrique, G. Lopez-Reyes, J. Moros, A. Cousin, S. Maurice, A.M. Ollila, R.C. Wiens, F. Rull, J. Laserna, V. Garcia-Baonza, M.B. Madsen, O. Forni, J. Lasue, S.M. Clegg, S. Robinson, P. Bernardi, A.J. Brown, P. Caïs, J. Martinez-Frias, P. Beck, S. Bernard, M.H. Bernt, O. Beyssac, E. Cloutis, C. Drouet, G. Dromart, B. Dubois, C. Fabre, O. Gasnault, I. Gontijo, J.R. Johnson, J. Medina, P.-Y. Meslin, G. Montagnac, V. Sautter, S.K. Sharma, M. Veneranda, P.A. Willis, University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Research On Carbon-rich Key Samples [IMPMC] (IMPMC_ROCKS), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GeoRessources, and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Minerals, SPECTROSCOPY, Extraterrestrial Environment, PROPOSITION, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], SuperCam calibration target, MARS, Mars, Spectrum Analysis, Raman, uncertainties, Biochemistry, Analytical Chemistry, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], elemental homogeneity, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, UNIT, perseverance rover, mineral homogeneity, Calibration, Environmental Chemistry, mars2020, GALE CRATER, CHEMCAM INSTRUMENT SUITE, Spectroscopy
Abstract: The SuperCam instrument, onboard the Perseverance rover (Mars 2020 mission) is designed to perform remote analysis on the Martian surface employing several spectroscopic techniques such as Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Time-Resolved Raman (TRR), Time-Resolved Fluorescence (TRF) and Visible and Infrared (VISIR) reflectance. In addition, SuperCam also acquires high-resolution images using a color remote micro-imager (RMI) as well as sounds with its microphone. SuperCam has three main subsystems, the Mast Unit (MU) where the laser for chemical analysis and collection optics are housed, the Body Unit (BU) where the different spectrometers are located inside the rover, and the SuperCam Calibration Target (SCCT) located on the rover's deck to facilitate calibration tests at similar ambient conditions as the analyzed samples. To perform adequate calibrations on Mars, the 22 mineral samples included in the complex SCCT assembly must have a very homogeneous distribution of major and minor elements. The analysis and verification of such homogeneity for the 5-6 replicates of the samples included in the SCCT has been the aim of this work. To verify the physic-chemical homogeneity of the calibration targets, micro Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) imaging was first used on the whole surface of the targets, then the relative abundances of the detected elements were computed on 20 randomly distributed areas of 100*100 mum. For those targets showing a positive Raman response, micro-Raman spectroscopy imaging was performed on the whole surface of the targets at a resolution of 100*100 mum. The %RSD values (percent of relative standard deviation of mean values) for the major elements measured with EDXRF were compared with similar values obtained by two independent LIBS set-ups at spot sizes of 300 mum in diameter. The statistical analysis showed which elements were homogeneously distributed in the 22 mineral targets of the SCCT, providing their uncertainty values for further calibration. Moreover, nine of the 22 targets showed a good Raman response and their mineral distributions were also studied. Those targets can be also used for calibration purposes of the Raman part of SuperCam using the wavenumbers of their main Raman bands proposed in this work. The authors would like to thank the Spanish Agency for Research, projects ESP2015-71965-REDT, ESP2017-87690-C3-1-R and RED2018-102600-T for funding as well as to local and regional institutions including the Basque Government, the University of the Basque Country, the Junta de Castilla y León, the University of Valladolid and the University of Malaga for their support. Support in the US was provided by NASA's Mars Exploration Program. Support in France was provided by CNES, CNRS, and local Universities. The Danish contribution was funded through support by the Carlsberg Foundation, grants CF16-0981 and CF17-0979. The team from the University of the Basque Country is very grateful to Sebastien Maussang and Victor Escobar from Renishaw for having faith in our work. The suggestions from T.R. Gabriel are gratefully acknowledged.
Published: 2022

49. Advanced mgm deconvolution on powder versus slab of olivine natural samples : a test with nwa 5400

Author: Pinet, P.C., Chevrel, Serge, Daydou, Yves, Carli, Cristian, Bruschini, Enrico, Cuppone, T., Pratesi, Giovani, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), P.P., Y.D., S.C. are funded by CNES (French Space Agency) with grants linked to MEX and Chang’e-4 missions, and C.C., E.B., T.C. and G.P. are supported by ASI-INAF agreement 2018-16-H.0 Ol-BODIES project.
Subjects: spectroscopy, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], mineralogy, olivine, mgm deconvolution
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

50. Geology and Absolute Model Ages of the Rima Bode Region -a Candidate Future Lunar Landing Site

Author: Hiesinger, H., Bogert, C. H. van Der, Mikolajewski, S., Wedler, A., Jaumann, R., Mall, U., Head, J.W., Anand, M., Jolliff, B., Pinet, Patrick, Xiao, L., Ivanov, M., Gundlach, B., Schmitz, N., Schweitzer, M., Mann-Mecucci, C. Berge, Jaime, A., Desanctis, M.C., Besse, S., Massironi, M., Hauber, E., Ri, A. Frige, Tartese, R., Rull, F., Mcdonald, F., Carpenter, J., Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), DLR Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), Freie Universität Berlin, Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Brown University, Open University, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), China University of Geosciences [Wuhan] (CUG), Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry (GEOKHI), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Orbitale Hochtechnologie Bremen (OHB Systems AG), Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Aurora Technology BV, Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), University of Manchester [Manchester], Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), ESA - ESTEC (Netherlands), and NASA's Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute (SSERVI)
Subjects: lunar exploration, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, lunar ages, lunar geology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], landing sites, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]
Abstract: International audience; Introduction: ESA is currently exploring plans to utilize the European Large Lunar Lander (EL3) for science-driven missions that will allow us to bring about 1.5 tons of payload to the lunar surface. A first mission to a polar landing site is scheduled for 2029. This mission will not carry a rover but subsequent missions in the 2030’s will be more complex and comprehensive and will include a rover. Considering the large payload mass, we explore the scientific potential of a rover that will be able to travel 10s -100s of kilometers, have night survival capabilities, and carry a comprehensive suite of instruments (e.g., LIBS, Raman, IR-spectrometer, multispectral stereo cameras) to characterize and pre-select interesting samples. A novelty of our concept is that we propose to continuously operate certain instruments while roving. For example, a continuously operated ground-penetrating radar would yield information on the sub-surface regolith structure and an IR-spectrometer would produce mineralogical/compositional profiles along rover paths
Published: 2022

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