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943 results on '"[ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics]"'

1. Automatic Assessment of Depression Based on Visual Cues: A Systematic Review

Author

Kostas Marias, Fan Yang, Manolis Tsiknakis, Anastasia Pampouchidou, Panagiotis G. Simos, Matthew Pediaditis, Fabrice Meriaudeau, Laboratoire Electronique, Informatique et Image ( Le2i ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Crete School of medicine, Institute of Computer Science ( ICS-FORTH ), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas ( FORTH ), SRI International [Menlo Park] ( SRI ), Laboratoire Electronique, Informatique et Image [UMR6306] (Le2i), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Computer Science (ICS-FORTH), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Department of Informatics Engineering, School of Engineering [TEI of Crete], Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research [Petronas] (CISIR), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT, European Project: 611516,SEMEOTICONS, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Computer Science [FORTH, Heraklion] (ICS-FORTH), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), and HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement

Subjects
Monitoring, Rating-Scale, Remission, Computer science, Performance, Feature extraction, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, 02 engineering and technology, Adolescents, computer.software_genre, Tools, Attentional Bias, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Dynamic-Analysis, Mood, Diagnosis, Disorder, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, affective computing, Affective computing, Sensory cue, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Visualization, Facial expression, Data collection, Contextual image classification, business.industry, Dimensionality reduction, facial image analysis, Reliability, Europe, Facial Expression, Human-Computer Interaction, machine learning, Depression assessment, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Artificial intelligence, business, computer, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Software, Natural language processing
Abstract

International audience; Automatic depression assessment based on visual cues is a rapidly growing research domain. The present exhaustive review of existing approaches as reported in over sixty publications during the last ten years focuses on image processing and machine learning algorithms. Visual manifestations of depression, various procedures used for data collection, and existing datasets are summarized. The review outlines methods and algorithms for visual feature extraction, dimensionality reduction, decision methods for classification and regression approaches, as well as different fusion strategies. A quantitative meta-analysis of reported results, relying on performance metrics robust to chance, is included, identifying general trends and key unresolved issues to be considered in future studies of automatic depression assessment utilizing visual cues alone or in combination with vocal or verbal cues.Visualization; Affective computing; Monitoring; Europe; Mood; Reliability; Tools; Depression assessment; affective computing; facial expression; machine learning; facial image analysis

Published
2019
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2. Designing coalition-based fair and stable pricing mechanisms under private information on consumers’ reservation prices

Author

Tito Homem-de-Mello, Hélène Le Cadre, Olivier Beaude, Bernardo K. Pagnoncelli, EnergyVille, University Adolfo Ibanez ( Santiago ), and University Adolfo Ibanez (Santiago)

Subjects
Information Systems and Management, General Computer Science, Computer science, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, Management Science and Operations Research, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Microeconomics, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Game Theory, 0502 economics and business, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], Stackelberg competition, [ SHS.ECO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economies and finances, Load Scheduling, Price signal, Private information retrieval, [ INFO.INFO-RO ] Computer Science [cs]/Operations Research [cs.RO], 050210 logistics & transportation, 021103 operations research, OR in Energy, Forecast Algorithm, 05 social sciences, Reservation, [INFO.INFO-RO]Computer Science [cs]/Operations Research [cs.RO], [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Shapley value, Coalition Formation, Reservation price, Modeling and Simulation, Game theory
Abstract

International audience; We model the relation between an aggregator and consumers joining a coalition to reduce the risk resulting from the unpredictability of their base load demand, as a Stackelberg game formulated as a mathematical bilevel program with private information on the consumers' reservation prices. At the upper-level of the Stackelberg game, the aggregator optimizes his daily price profile so as to reach a net targeted profit which is the maximum value guaranteeing that no consumer will leave the coalition - to contract with a conventional retailer considered here as a fixed alternative - while meeting fairness criterion imposed by the cost-sharing mechanism. At the lower-level, the consumers are asked to provide in day ahead an estimate of their base load hourly demand profile and to schedule their shiftable loads depending on the price signal sent by the aggregator. We provide algorithms that determine the unique price profile and consumer shiftable load schedules as functions of the reservation price estimates. The Stackelberg game between the aggregator and the consumers being repeated for a period of time, the aggregator has the possibility to update his estimates of the reservation prices relying on a feedback function which depends on the percentage of activated loads. A randomized algorithm for consumers' reservation price learning based on regret minimization is provided. For four cost-sharing mechanisms such as uniform allocation, stand-alone cost, Shapley value, separable and non-separable costs, we determine the closed form of the aggregator's optimal net targeted profit guaranteeing the stability of the coalition. We also determine conditions guaranteeing the core non-emptiness and prove that for a profit-maximizing aggregator, the stand-alone cost is always preferable to the Shapley value, which coincides with the uniform allocation. Furthermore, the optimal size of the coalition - in terms of the aggregator's profit - can be determined analytically when the Shapley value is implemented as cost-sharing mechanism. The results are illustrated on a case study where we show that there exists an optimal net targeted profit below which the consumers energy bill is lower when joining the aggregator than with the conventional retailer. Coalition dynamics is also analyzed numerically depending on the consumer inertia in their energy supplier choice process, for each cost-sharing mechanism.

Published
2019
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3. Numerical modelling of waves in double-porosity Biot medium

Author

Salah Naili, Eduard Rohan, Vu-Hieu Nguyen, Department of Mechanics, University of West Bohemia [Plzeň ]-Faculty of Applied Sciences, Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi-Echelle (MSME), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Laboratoire de Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle ( MSME ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée ( UPEM ), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée ( UPEM ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle (MSME), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)

Subjects
Materials science, [ SPI.MECA ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph], Discretization, Poromechanics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Homogenization (chemistry), 010305 fluids & plasmas, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0203 mechanical engineering, 0103 physical sciences, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], General Materials Science, Porosity, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Civil and Structural Engineering, Mesoscopic physics, Biot number, Mechanical Engineering, Acoustic wave, Mechanics, [PHYS.MECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics], [SPI.MECA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph], Finite element method, Computer Science Applications, Poroelasticity, Biot model, Homogenization, Double-porosity, Wave propagation, Numerical simulation, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Modeling and Simulation
Abstract

We consider acoustic waves in fluid-saturated periodic media with large contrasts in the permeability and other poroelastic coefficients, whereby some of the mesoscopic material parameters depend on the scale parameter. The effective behaviour is described by a model obtained using the homogenization of the heterogeneous Biot continuum relevant to the mesoscopic level at which the dual porosity is featured by low permeability, whereas the primary porosity is very compliant. All material coefficients of the homogenized model depend on the frequency of incident waves. The macroscopic fields can be employed to reconstruct solutions at the mesoscopic level relevant to the heterogeneities. To validate the model, we consider heterogeneous strips with a finite scale lattice defining the heterogeneity. For such structures, the recovered mesoscopic response computed using the numerical homogenization method is compared with direct numerical simulations for various contrasts. For media featured by large contrast the double porosity model provides much better estimates of the wavelengths and other dispersion properties than the standard single porosity homogenized model. Moreover, the performed tests show computational efficiency of the two-scale simulations using the homogenized model, while the direct simulations of a heterogeneous medium become unfeasible because of requirements on the finite element discretization.

Published
2020
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4. Study of aluminium oxide thin films deposited by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition from tri-methyl-aluminium and dioxygen precursors: Investigation of interfacial and structural properties

Author

Emmanuel Scheid, Ahmet Lale, Pierre Temple-Boyer, Fuccio Cristiano, Jérôme Launay, Lucien Datas, Benjamin Reig, Équipe MICrosystèmes d'Analyse (LAAS-MICA), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Équipe Matériaux et Procédés pour la Nanoélectronique (LAAS-MPN), Centre de microcaractérisation Raimond Castaing (CMCR), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), Équipe MICrosystèmes d'Analyse ( LAAS-MICA ), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes [Toulouse] ( LAAS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ), Équipe Matériaux et Procédés pour la Nanoélectronique ( LAAS-MPN ), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux ( CIRIMAT ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique ( LAAS-TEAM ), F2ME, Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes, Mécanique et Energétique ( PRISME ), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges ( ENSI Bourges ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges ( ENSI Bourges ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre de microcaractérisation Raimond Castaing (Centre Castaing), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP)

Subjects
Materials science, [ SPI.MAT ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Alumina, Oxide, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Substrate (electronics), 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Atomic layer deposition, Aluminium, PE-ALD, Al2O3, 0103 physical sciences, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], Materials Chemistry, Thin film, Aluminium oxide, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Silicon oxide, Plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition, 010302 applied physics, Aluminium oxides, Physical properties, Interfacial properties, Metals and Alloys, Surfaces and Interfaces, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry, Chemical engineering, [ SPI.NANO ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; Aluminium oxide (Al 2 O 3) films were deposited on silicon substrates using plasma-enhanced atomic layer de-position (PE-ALD) technique with tri-methyl-aluminium TMA (Al(CH 3) 3) and dioxygen (O 2) as precursors. PE-ALD experiments were performed in order to (i) investigate the interfacial properties between the silicon sub-strate and the alumina layer, and (ii) understand the impact of growth and crystallization phenomena on the Al 2 O 3 films properties (structural, optical, mechanical, dielectric and etch). The formation of oxide-based transition layers, either silicon oxide SiO 2 and/or aluminosilicate Al x Si y O, was evidenced for the TMA/O 2 PE-ALD process. Based on these results, it appears that no substrate-enhanced growth occurs at the early stages of the growth process, as assumed in previous reports. Thus, constant growth rate (0.08 nm per cycle) and re-fractive index (1.64 at a 450 nm wavelength) were obtained for the Al 2 O 3 layer deposited at 300 °C. Finally, thermal annealing experiments were performed on these films, evidencing the influences of atomic structural rearrangement and crystallization on the Al 2 O 3 film main characteristics: interface steepness, atomic structure, refractive index, residual stress, dielectric constant and etch rate.

Published
2018
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5. Hygrothermal properties of unfired earth bricks: Effect of barley straw, hemp shiv and corn cob addition

Author

Jean-Emmanuel Aubert, A. Laborel-Préneron, Camille Magniont, Laboratoire Matériaux et Durabilité des constructions (LMDC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire Matériaux et Durabilité des constructions [Toulouse] ( LMDC ), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
Materials science, 020209 energy, [ SPI.MAT ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Earth materials, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Thermal conductivity, Thermal insulation, 021105 building & construction, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], [ SPI.GCIV ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Composite material, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Civil and Structural Engineering, Brick, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Sorption, Building and Construction, Straw, 6. Clean water, [SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, Permeability (earth sciences), Volume (thermodynamics), business
Abstract

International audience; Earth is a material presenting good hygric properties, which is an important point as comfort and indoor air quality have become major issues. Nowadays, the energy efficiency of a construction is also crucial, but the thermal insulation provided by an earth brick is quite low. Therefore, some plant aggregates were added to lighten the material, thus decreasing its thermal conductivity. The hygrothermal properties of seven formulations made of earth with 0, 3 or 6% by weight content of barley straw, hemp shiv or corn cob were assessed. The properties determined were thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, water vapour permeability, and sorption-desorption isotherms measured with the saturated salt solution and DVS methods. The theoretical MBV was also calculated. The study showed a large decrease in thermal conductivity when a large volume of plant aggregates was added while plant aggregates incorporation conversely affected the thermal inertia parameters. Concerning water vapour permeability, as earth is a very permeable material, the addition of plant aggregates did not improve this property. The sorption capacity of bio-based earth materials was slightly increased in comparison with earth alone. Finally, the calculated MBV showed the excellent buffering capacity of this kind of material, with and without plant aggregates.

Published
2018
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6. A performance benchmark over semantic rule checking approaches in construction industry

Author

Jos De Roo, Jakob Beetz, Pieter Pauwels, Christophe Nicolle, C. Zhang, Tarcisio Mendes de Farias, Ana Roxin, Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Ghent University, Ghent University [Belgium] ( UGENT ), Laboratoire d'Electronique, d'Informatique et d'Image UMR CNRS 6306 ( Le2i ), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard ( UTBM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers ( ENSAM ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Department of the Built Environment [Eindhoven], Eindhoven University of Technology [Eindhoven] ( TU/e ), AGFA HealthCare, UNIV DE GAND, Department of Architecture and Urban Planning [Gent], Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Laboratoire d'Electronique, d'Informatique et d'Image [EA 7508] (Le2i), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eindhoven University of Technology [Eindhoven] (TU/e), and Information Systems Built Environment

Subjects
Rule checking : Linked data, Process (engineering), Computer science, 0211 other engineering and technologies, [ INFO.INFO-WB ] Computer Science [cs]/Web, ifcOWL, 02 engineering and technology, computer.software_genre, Benchmark, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Documentation, Artificial Intelligence, 021105 building & construction, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], RDF, Semantic Web, Design rule checking, business.industry, Linked data, [INFO.INFO-WB]Computer Science [cs]/Web, computer.file_format, Reasoning, Rule checking, Data model, Benchmark (computing), 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Data mining, Software engineering, business, computer, Semantic web, Information Systems
Abstract

International audience; As more and more architectural design and construction data is represented using the Resource Description Framework (RDF) data model, it makes sense to take advantage of the logical basis of RDF and implement a semantic rule checking process as it is currently not available in the architectural design and construction industry. The argument for such a semantic rule checking process has been made a number of times by now. However, there are a number of strategies and approaches that can be followed regarding the realization of such a rule checking process, even when limiting to the use of semantic web technologies. In this article, we compare three reference rule checking approaches that have been reported earlier for semantic rule checking in the domain of architecture, engineering and construction (AEC). Each of these approaches has its advantages and disadvantages. A criterion that is tremendously important to allow adoption and uptake of such semantic rule checking approaches, is performance. Hence, this article provides an overview of our collaborative test results in order to obtain a performance benchmark for these approaches. In addition to the benchmark, a documentation of the actual rule checking approaches is discussed. Furthermore, we give an indication of the main features and decisions that impact performance for each of these three approaches, so that system developers in the construction industry can make an informed choice when deciding for one of the documented rule checking approaches.

Published
2017
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7. Embedded linear model predictive control for 8-bit microcontrollers via convex lifting

Author

Martin Gulan, Sorin Olaru, Pedro Rodriguez-Ayerbe, Boris Rohaľ-Ilkiv, Ngoc Anh Nguyen, Gergely Takács, Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes ( L2S ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes (L2S), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Parametric programming, 0209 industrial biotechnology, Computer science, 020209 energy, 8-bit, Static timing analysis, Control engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Partition (database), [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Microcontroller, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Control and Systems Engineering, Control theory, [ SPI.AUTO ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; This paper demonstrates an efficient approach for the implementation of parametric programming solutions to linear model predictive control problems. The emphasis is put namely on embedded hardware applications where feasible size and online evaluation of the controller code can be mission critical. As the explicit solutions are known to become quickly intractable for such a purpose once the amount of problem data grows, we exploit the concept of convex lifting of a given parameter space partition, and use it to avoid its storage and to replace the traditional point location with a significantly less costly procedure. In this light we practically illustrate the deployment of generated code on an 8-bit microcontroller unit, representing the class of low-cost embedded controllers built into mass-produced devices, in an active vibration suppression case study accompanied by a detailed performance, memory and timing analysis.

Published
2017
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8. Efficiency of coupling schemes for the treatment of steady state fluid-structure thermal interactions

Author

Maroun Nemer, Khalil El Khoury, Roch Roukoz El Khoury, Marc Errera, Centre Efficacité Énergétique des Systèmes ( CES ), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University ( PSL ), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab ( Chatillon ), ONERA, Centre Efficacité Énergétique des Systèmes (CES), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Châtillon], and ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)

Subjects
Computer science, Conjugate heat transfer, Computational fluid dynamics, 3D application, 01 natural sciences, Stability (probability), 010305 fluids & plasmas, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Complex geometry, Control theory, Stability theory, 0103 physical sciences, Convergence (routing), [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Sensitivity (control systems), 0101 mathematics, Coupling, Complex conjugate, Thermal simulation, General Engineering, [ SPI.GPROC ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, 010101 applied mathematics, Heat transfer, Multi-solver coupling
Abstract

International audience; Partitioned approaches for the simulation of coupled conjugate heat transfer are gaining popularity in fields that require accurate thermal predictions. Considerable efforts have been put into determining stable coupling schemes, but performance enhancements have been neglected. This paper presents, for the first time, a detailed and comprehensive study of the numerical properties of Dirichlet-Robin coupling procedures, used in conjugate heat transfer simulation, with emphasis put on the optimal local coupling formulation that was recently derived from a stability analysis. This all-new optimal coupling approach provides local adaptability and has never been tested on a complex setup. This investigation looks to determine the relevance and the limitations of the theory when applied to complex conjugate heat transfer setups. The stability theory of the optimal Dirichlet-Robin coupling scheme is first recalled, then, a realistic 3D application, with complex geometry and flow structures, is used to evaluate the performance and sensitivity of Dirichlet-Robin couplings, with respect to various numerical parameters. This detailed study allows, for the first time, to evaluate the advantages and limitations of the recently proposed optimal procedure, when used on realistic 3D CHT problems. It turns out that the local optimal Dirichlet-Robin formulation outperforms all what is found in literature, and insures unconditional stability with monotone convergence for all considered setups of the 3D model.

Published
2017
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9. Nonlinear coda wave interferometry for the global evaluation of damage levels in complex solids

Author

Alain Le Duff, Stéphane Letourneur, Vincent Tournat, Odile Abraham, Yuxiang Zhang, Olivier Durand, Bertrand Lascoup, Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université du Mans (LAUM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Le Mans Université (UM), Département Mesure, Auscultation et Calcul Scientifique (IFSTTAR/MACS), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), ESEO - Groupe Radio et Hyperfréquences, ESEO-Tech, Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), IRT Jules Vernes, Laboratoire Géophysique et évaluation non destructive (IFSTTAR/GERS/GeoEND), Laboratoire d'acoustique de l'université du Mans ( LAUM ), Le Mans Université ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Géophysique et évaluation non destructive ( IFSTTAR/GERS/GeoEND ), and Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux ( IFSTTAR ) -PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans ( UNAM )

Subjects
INTERFEROMETRIE, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Acoustics, Coda wave interferometry, 01 natural sciences, Coda, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Nonlinear acoustics, Nonlinear wave modulation, 0103 physical sciences, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], [ SPI.GCIV ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, 010301 acoustics, ONDE, Parametric statistics, 010302 applied physics, Physics, Scattering, ULTRASON, ONDE SISMIQUE, [SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, Interferometry, Nonlinear system, ACOUSTIQUE, Ultrasonic sensor, Nonlinear scattering, Global evaluation of damage level
Abstract

A nonlinear acoustic method to assess the damage level of a complex medium is discussed herein. Thanks to the highly nonlinear elastic signatures of cracks or, more generally, internal solid contacts, this method is able to distinguish between contributions from linear wave scattering by a heterogeneity and contributions from nonlinear scattering by a crack or unbounded interface. The coda wave interferometry (CWI) technique is applied to reverberated and scattered waves in glass plate samples featuring various levels of damage. The ultrasonic coda signals are recorded in both the absence and presence of an independent and lower-frequency elastic “pump” wave, before being analyzed by CWI. The monitored CWI parameters quantifying changes in these coda signals, which therefore quantify the nonlinear wave-mixing effects between the coda and pump waves, are found to be dependent on the damage level in the sample. A parametric study is also performed to analyze the influence of sensor positions and average temperature on the method’s output. The reported results could be applied to the non-destructive testing and evaluation of complex-shape materials and multiple scattering samples, for which conventional ultrasonic methods show strong limitations.

Published
2017
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10. Underwater 3-D Scene Reconstruction Using Kinect v2 Based on Physical Models for Refraction and Time of Flight Correction

Author

Syed Saad Azhar Ali, Fabrice Meriaudeau, Atif Anwer, Amjad Khan, UET Peshawar, Laboratoire Electronique, Informatique et Image ( Le2i ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Engineering and Technology [Peshawar] (UET), Laboratoire Electronique, Informatique et Image [UMR6306] (Le2i), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Université de Bourgogne (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), and HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
General Computer Science, Computer science, Point cloud, Kinect v2, 02 engineering and technology, Iterative reconstruction, underwater, Remotely operated underwater vehicle, 01 natural sciences, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, General Materials Science, Computer vision, 14. Life underwater, 3D reconstruction, Underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, business.industry, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, 010401 analytical chemistry, General Engineering, Frame rate, Refraction, 0104 chemical sciences, RGB color model, Artificial intelligence, lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, business, refraction correction, lcsh:TK1-9971, Camera resectioning
Abstract

Commercial RGB-D cameras provide the possibility of fast, accurate, and cost-effective 3-D scanning solution in a single package. These economical depth cameras provide several advantages over conventional depth sensors, such as sonars and lidars, in specific usage scenarios. In this paper, we analyze the performance of Kinect v2 time-of-flight camera while operating fully submerged underwater in a customized waterproof housing. Camera calibration has been performed for Kinect's RGB and NIR cameras, and the effect of calibration on the generated 3-D mesh is discussed in detail. To overcome the effect of refraction of light due to the sensor housing and water, we propose a time-of-flight correction method and a fast, accurate and intuitive refraction correction method that can be applied to the acquired depth images, during 3-D mesh generation. Experimental results show that the Kinect v2 can acquire point cloud data up to 650 mm. The reconstruction results have been analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively, and confirm that the 3-D reconstruction of submerged objects at small distances is possible without the requirement of any external NIR light source. The proposed algorithms successfully generated 3-D mesh with a mean error of ±6 mm at a frame rate of nearly 10 fps. We acquired a large data set of RGB, IR and depth data from a submerged Kinect v2. The data set covers a large variety of objects scanned underwater and is publicly available for further use, along with the Kinect waterproof housing design and correction filter codes. The research is aimed toward small-scale research activities and economical solution for 3-D scanning underwater. Applications such as coral reef mapping and underwater SLAM in shallow waters for ROV's can be a viable application area that can benefit from results achieved.

Published
2017
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11. TREATMENT OF MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER WITH CALCIUM PHOSPHATE: A NEW PHYSICOCHEMICAL PURIFICATION STEP

Author

Nathalie Lyczkol, Ange Nzihoul, Patrick Sharrockl, Haroun Sebeil, Centre de recherche d'Albi en génie des procédés des solides divisés, de l'énergie et de l'environnement (RAPSODEE), IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IUT de Castres, Centre de recherche d'Albi en génie des procédés des solides divisés, de l'énergie et de l'environnement ( RAPSODEE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux ( IMT Mines Albi ), and IMT Mines Albi, IMT Mines Albi

Subjects
[SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, Environmental Engineering, [ SPI.OTHER ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, calcium phosphate, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Adsorption, organics, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], Organic matter, heavy metals, Effluent, chemistry.chemical_classification, Total organic carbon, [SPI.OTHER] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, Sorption, heavy metal, Pollution, 6. Clean water, wastewater treatment, chemistry, Wastewater, Elemental analysis, Environmental chemistry, Sewage treatment
Abstract

International audience; An apatitic calcium phosphate gel (HaG) was elaborated and used to treat municipal wastewater in a physicochemical cycle prior to the standard biological degradation process. Preliminary laboratory batch experiments outlined the kinetics of heavy metal sorption by monitoring the concentrations found in filtered fractions as a function of treatment time. On site experiments were performed in a municipal wastewater treatment plant by derivation of real wastewater into an experimental tank. In this case, the sorption of organic and metal pollution was studied on the whole effluent. The solid and liquid phases were both characterized using elemental analysis, total and organic carbon, and thermal analysis of the solids collected. Results showed significant reductions in heavy metal contents of about 50 to 60% for main metals such as lead, aluminum and iron in the liquid phase. The concentrations went respectively from initial values of 0.07, 0.15 and 1.80 ppm to 0.04, 0.11 and 0.03 ppm in the treated waters for these elements. Organic matter also reacted with the HaG by adsorbing to the solid particles, with the contents of organic carbon increasing from zero to 80 g/Kg on the solids and decreasing from 130 ppm to 24 ppm in the liquid phase. This allows foreseeing improvements in the biological treatment process following this physicochemical purification step. The elemental analysis showed that up to 50 and 90 percent of the heavy metals could be removed from the effluent. The presence of the organic matter adsorbed on calcium phosphate was confirmed by thermal methods.

Published
2017
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12. Relative importance of entrained liquid fraction and mass transfer at the interface on pressure drop of annular flows

Author

Rita Mastrullo, Alfonso William Mauro, G. Lillo, Rémi Revellin, Centre d'Energétique et de Thermique de Lyon (CETHIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale [Naples], Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Centre d'Energétique et de Thermique de Lyon ( CETHIL ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lillo, G., Mastrullo, R., Mauro, A. W., and Revellin, R.

Subjects
Pressure drop, History, Piping, Materials science, 020209 energy, 02 engineering and technology, Mechanics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Computer Science Applications, Education, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Mass transfer, 0103 physical sciences, Heat exchanger, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], Porosity, Adiabatic process, Entrainment (chronobiology), Pressure gradient, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Fully developed adiabatic two-phase flows are commonly encountered in practice and their modeling is of primary importance for accurate, local calculations of pressure gradients and void fraction for the design of several industrial applications as heat exchangers and long fluid transfer piping. For large void fractions, the entrainment of liquid droplets into the vapor core can have a large effect on the pressure gradients. In this paper starting from theoretical considerations about the modeling of the pressure gradients in an annular two-phase flow, a numerical analysis as well as a discussion are proposed in order to quantify the relative importance of the entrainment on the calculations and to address further experimental studies and models on this topic.

Published
2019
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13. Towards integrated multi-sensor platform using dual electrochemical and optical detection for on-site pollutant detection in water

Author

Pierre Temple-Boyer, F. Sekli Belaidi, Jean-Louis Heully, Fabienne Alary, Eléna Bedel-Pereira, Jérôme Launay, Isabelle Séguy, L. Farouil, Ludovic Salvagnac, Équipe MICrosystèmes d'Analyse (LAAS-MICA), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Équipe Matériaux et Procédés pour la Nanoélectronique (LAAS-MPN), Photochimie théorique et computationnelle (LCPQ) (PTC), Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (LCPQ), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), Équipe MICrosystèmes d'Analyse ( LAAS-MICA ), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes [Toulouse] ( LAAS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ), Équipe Matériaux et Procédés pour la Nanoélectronique ( LAAS-MPN ), Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques ( LCPQ ), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique ( LAAS-TEAM ), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)

Subjects
Environmental analysis, Chlorella vulgaris, Biomedical Engineering, Biophysics, Photodetector, 02 engineering and technology, Biosensing Techniques, Photosynthesis, 01 natural sciences, Fluorescence, Lab-On-A-Chip Devices, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], Electrochemistry, Microalgae, Sample preparation, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Pollutant, Herbicides, 010401 analytical chemistry, Oxygen evolution, General Medicine, Electrochemical Techniques, Equipment Design, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Oxygen, Diuron, Environmental science, [ SPI.NANO ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, Biological system, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Biotechnology
Abstract

International audience; The present work is dedicated to the development of a lab-on-chip (LOC) device for water toxicity environmental analysis and more especially herbicide detection. The final goal is focused on the functional integration of three-electrode electrochemical microcells (ElecCell) and organic photodetectors (OPD) in order to perform simultaneously electrochemical and optical detection in the frame of algal metabolism monitoring. Considering three different algae, i.e. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Chlorella vulgaris while dealing with photosynthesis, the multi-microsensor platform enables to measure the variations of microalgae fluorescence as well as oxygen production. It is applied to study the Diuron herbicide influences on algal metabolism, evidencing fluorescence enhancement and oxygen production inhibition for concentrations as low as few tens of nanomoles. These results are performed with unconcentrated and six time concentrated algae solutions respectively, to estimate the ability of this dual-sensor system to conduct measurements without any sample preparation. Thus, according to the obtained results, the proposed LOC device is fully adapted to the electrochemical/optical dual detection for on-site pollutant analysis, i.e. without sample pre-treatment. 2 Keywords Compact fluidic platform, LED excitation, electrochemical detection, organic photo-detection.algal metabolism, herbicide detection.

Published
2019
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14. Modeling boron dose loss in sidewall spacer stacks of complementary metal oxide semiconductor transistors

Author

A. Pakfar, P. Boulenc, Fuccio Cristiano, Francois Wacquant, Christoph Zechner, Pierre Morin, B. Pelletier, Zahi Essa, Clement Tavernier, Marc Juhel, Jean-Luc Autran, Équipe Matériaux et Procédés pour la Nanoélectronique (LAAS-MPN), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, STMicroelectronics [Crolles] (ST-CROLLES), Institut des Matériaux, de Microélectronique et des Nanosciences de Provence (IM2NP), Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), STMicroelectronics [Crolles] ( ST-CROLLES ), Géoazur ( GEOAZUR ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Universidade do Minho, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN) - UMR 8520 ( IEMN ), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du nunérique (ISEN)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France ( UPHF ) -Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut des Matériaux, de Microélectronique et des Nanosciences de Provence ( IM2NP ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Équipe Matériaux et Procédés pour la Nanoélectronique ( LAAS-MPN ), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes [Toulouse] ( LAAS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
inorganic chemicals, Materials science, Silicon, [ SPI.MAT ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Inorganic chemistry, [ PHYS.COND.CM-MS ] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Oxide, chemistry.chemical_element, Equivalent oxide thickness, 02 engineering and technology, Oxide thin-film transistor, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0103 physical sciences, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], Materials Chemistry, LOCOS, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Silicon oxide, 010302 applied physics, [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], business.industry, technology, industry, and agriculture, Strained silicon, equipment and supplies, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, stomatognathic diseases, Silicon nitride, chemistry, Optoelectronics, [ SPI.NANO ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

International audience; The presence of capping materials during annealing (activation for example) can substantially impact the silicon junction profiles of Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (CMOSFET), depending on the nature of these layers. In this paper we specifically investigated the boron out-diffusion from a silicon junction into the silicon oxide in presence of a silicon oxide/silicon nitride capping bi-layer similar to the stacks used to form sidewall spacers. After 120 s anneal we observed with secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) substantial boron dose loss in silicon and segregation at the silicon oxide interface related to oxide and nitride material properties, in particular to the hydrogen concentration. We then modeled the boron profiles in both silicon and oxide as a function of the hydrogen static and dynamic in the materials. The exponential-like boron diffusion profiles observed in oxide are reproduced by introducing a long hop mechanism mediated with hydrogen-related defects (HRDs). (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2016
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15. Sound absorption properties of a sunflower composite made from crushed stem particles and from chitosan bio-binder

Author

Narimane Mati-Baouche, Thomas Dupont, Philippe Leclaire, Hélène de Baynast, Philippe Michaud, Institut Pascal ( IP ), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ) -Sigma CLERMONT ( Sigma CLERMONT ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Département de Recherche en Ingéniérie des Véhicules pour l'Environnement ( DRIVE ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ), Institut Pascal (IP), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Recherche en Ingéniérie des Véhicules pour l'Environnement (DRIVE), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)

Subjects
[SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], Absorption (acoustics), Materials science, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, [ SPI.ACOU ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], [ SPI.MAT ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Composite number, Airflow, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Tortuosity, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, [PHYS.MECA.ACOU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Attenuation coefficient, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, Porosity, 010301 acoustics, [ PHYS.MECA.ACOU ] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph]
Abstract

International audience; A recent study investigated the mechanical, thermal and acoustical properties of a bio-based composite made from crushed particles of sunflower stalks binded together by chitosan, a bio-based binder. The acoustical performance in absorption was found to be poor as the material was highly compacted and with low porosity. The present study focuses on the acoustical properties of a higher porosity composite, with lower density while the mechanical rigidity remains fairly high. A higher absorption coefficient is obtained. The experimental results on the absorption coefficient are compared to the prediction of a model involving 5 physical parameters (porosity, tortuosity, airflow resistivity, thermal and viscous characteristic lengths). The characterization methods to determine these parameters are described. The comparison between experimental and theoretical results shows that this material exhibits peculiar microstructural features. It is found that the sound absorption properties can involve dead-end pores or clusters and multiple porosity scales in the material.

Published
2016
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16. Dynamic delay risk assessing in supply chains

Author

Amine Boufaied, Elyes Lamine, Ouajdi Korbaa, Chokri Lajimi, Centre Génie Industriel ( CGI ), IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux ( IMT Mines Albi ), Centre Génie Industriel (CGI), IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
Engineering, Process (engineering), probability, Supply chain, failure scenario probability, Transportation, 02 engineering and technology, discrete points, risk management, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Discrete points, 0502 economics and business, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, short-term planned actions, supply chains, Risk management, General Environmental Science, Event (probability theory), supply chain management, 050210 logistics & transportation, Supply chain management, delays, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, 05 social sciences, dynamic delay risk assessment, transport stream, Reliability engineering, Risk analysis (engineering), transportation operations, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, business, Risk assessment, Law, Failure mode and effects analysis, dynamic evolution monitoring
Abstract

International audience; To be competitive, supply chains must be able to analyse and to evaluate, in real-time, critical differences between the short-term planned actions and the actual performed actions generating states of undesirable or unacceptable risk. The authors propose in this study, a method for monitoring the dynamic evolution of risk associated to delays affecting the transportation operations. They use the failure mode and effects analysis around failure scenarios and they evaluate risk using probability and cost. A failure scenario probability is estimated dynamically in discrete points based on event occurrences during the process execution. Delay risk is then assessed on-line and preventive actions can be undertaken before execution ended. The implementation of this method is performed by monitoring a delivery process facing risks associated to delays in the transport stream.

Published
2016
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17. Automatic process for time-frequency scan of VLSI

Author

Sabir Jacquir, Anthony Boscaro, Kevin Sanchez, Stéphane Binczak, Kevin Melendez, Philippe Perdu, Laboratoire Electronique, Informatique et Image ( Le2i ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales ( CNES ), Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], Sponsor(s):VDE e V, Fraunhofer IMWS, Laboratoire Electronique, Informatique et Image [UMR6306] (Le2i), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Centre National d’Études Spatiales ( CNES ), Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système ( IMS ), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Computer science, [ SPI.SIGNAL ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Image mode, Wavelet, Region of interest, 0103 physical sciences, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], Electronic engineering, Point (geometry), Computer vision, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, [PHYS]Physics [physics], 010302 applied physics, Very-large-scale integration, [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], business.industry, Autocorrelation, Process (computing), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, [ SPI.TRON ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Time–frequency analysis, [ SPI.NANO ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Artificial intelligence, 0210 nano-technology, business, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract

International audience; Electro optical techniques (EOP: electro optical probing and EOFM: electro optical frequency mapping) are effective backside contactless methods for defect localization and design debug for VLSI. The image mode (EOFM) gives only one frequency at each scan. In this case, the frequency mapping is a long and hard task. Furthermore, temporal information is not included in EOFM mode. Building a map by point by point EOP is usually too long so it cannot be used as it is to extract all the frequencies of interest in a region of interest. To overcome this limitation, we have developed an automatic process using EOP mode with a wavelets approach and autocorrelation. Temporal and frequency information are simultaneously computed with only one acquisition. We will underline the challenge and define application boundaries of this technique. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2016
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18. The Status of Water in Swelling Shales: An Insight from the Water Retention Properties of the Callovo-Oxfordian Claystone

Author

Jean Talandier, Pierre Delage, Hamza Menaceur, Anh Minh Tang, École des Ponts ParisTech ( ENPC ), Laboratoire Navier ( NAVIER UMR 8205 ), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux ( IFSTTAR ) -École des Ponts ParisTech ( ENPC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), ANDRA, Chatenay Malabry, France, École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC), Laboratoire Navier (navier umr 8205), and Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[ SPI.MECA ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph], Mercury intrusion porosimetry, Claystone, Population, Free water, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Mineralogy, 02 engineering and technology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Pore water pressure, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], medicine, education, Microstructure, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Civil and Structural Engineering, education.field_of_study, Water retention properties, Geology, [SPI.MECA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph], Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, 6. Clean water, Water retention, Wetting, medicine.symptom, Swelling, Saturation (chemistry), Clay minerals
Abstract

International audience; The Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) claystone is considered in France as a possible host rock for the disposal of high level long lived radioactive waste at great depth. During the operational phase, the walls of the galleries and of the disposal cells will be successively subjected to desaturation induced by ventilation followed by resaturation once the galleries are closed. To better understand this phenomenon, a sound understanding of the water retention properties of the COx claystone is necessary. Following a previous study by the same group, this paper presents an investigation of microstructure changes of COx claystone under suction changes. Microstructure was investigated by means of mercury intrusion porosimetry tests on freeze-dried specimens previously submitted to various suctions. Along the drying path, the initial microstructure, characterised by a well classified unimodal pore population around a mean diameter value of 32 nm, slightly changed with the same shape of the PSD curve slightly moved towards smaller diameters (27-28 nm) at suctions of 150 and 331 MPa, respectively. The infra-porosity too small to be intruded by mercury (diameter smaller than 5.5 nm) reduced from 4.3% to 3.3%. Oven-drying reduced the mean diameter to 20 nm and the infra-porosity to 1%. Wetting up to 9 MPa suction leads to saturation with no significant change of the PSD curve, whereas wetting at zero suction gave rise to the appearance of a large pore population resulting from the development of cracks with width of several micrometers, together with an enlargement of the initial pore population above the mean diameter. The concepts describing the step hydration of smectites (by the successive placement within the clay platelets along the smectite faces of 1, 2, 3 and 4 layers of water molecules with respect to the suction applied) appeared relevant to better understand the changes in microstructure of the COx claystone under suction changes. This also allowed to better define the status of water in claystones and shales containing smectite, with a distinction made between the water adsorbed within the clay platelets and the free inter-platelet water, involved in hydro-mechanical couplings through changes in pore pressure and water transfers.

Published
2016
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19. An efficient MultiGrid solver for the 3D simulation of composite materials

Author

Cornelis H. Venner, Julien Réthoré, Antonius Lubrecht, Pauline Lecomte-Grosbras, Philippe Sainsot, Marie-Christine Baietto, Hanfeng Gu, Laboratoire de Mécanique des Contacts et des Structures [Villeurbanne] ( LaMCoS ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Mécanique de Lille - FRE 3723 ( LML ), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecole Centrale de Lille, Univ Twente, Fac Engn Technol, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands, Laboratoire de Mécanique des Contacts et des Structures [Villeurbanne] (LaMCoS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mécanique Multiéchelle pour les solides (MIMESIS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Laboratoire de Mécanique de Lille - FRE 3723 (LML), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Twente [Netherlands], Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Centrale Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Faculty of Engineering Technology

Subjects
Materials science, General Computer Science, Composite number, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Classification of discontinuities, Multigrid method, 0203 mechanical engineering, [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], General Materials Science, Boundary value problem, Composite material, Laminate, 3D composite materials simulations, Delamination, General Chemistry, Solver, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Finite element method, IR-99019, Computational Mathematics, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Mechanics of Materials, 2023 OA procedure, MultiGrid, 0210 nano-technology, Material properties, METIS-314689
Abstract

• An efficient Multigrid solver for simulating composites. • A real topology is simulated for the first time by the MultiGrid methods. • MultiGrid application in composite homogenization process. • Factors influencing on surface displacement variation are studied. The subject of this paper is to present the application of MultiGrid (MG) methods in 3D composite material simulations through the solution of the elastic equations. An efficient MG solver is further developed for modeling composite structures with strong discontinuities. Different types of boundary conditions are imposed in the solver. The model is validated by comparing the MG numerical results with the theoretical results existing in the literature and Finite Element (FE) results and a good agreement is found. The potential of MG methods with respect to the homogenization process is illustrated. Then an ideal laminated structure is analyzed and a real topology is simulated for the first time by a MG model. The effect of fiber orientation, interface layer thickness, fiber layer thickness and the ratio of material properties on the surface displacement are investigated. MG results show the detailed local behavior and provide new insights into possible initiation of delamination.

Published
2016
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20. In situ delta ferrite estimation and their effects on FCPR at different orientations of multipass shielded metal arc welded SS304L

Author

Masood Shah, Chuansong Wu, Mudaser Ullah, Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Institut Clément Ader ( ICA ), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace ( ISAE-SUPAERO ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux ( IMT Mines Albi ), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), and University of Engineering and Technology [Taxila, Pakistan] (UET Taxila)

Subjects
Heat-affected zone, Mechanical characterization, Materials science, Delta ferrite, Austenitic stainless steel, Strategy and Management, Shielded metal arc welding, 02 engineering and technology, Welding, Management Science and Operations Research, engineering.material, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, law.invention, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], law, Ferrite (iron), [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], Austenite, Filler metal, 020502 materials, Metallurgy, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Grain growth, 0205 materials engineering, engineering, FCPR, 0210 nano-technology, Multipass SMAW
Abstract

International audience; Solidification and re-solidification with subsequent phase transformation in different welding zones of multipass weldment play a vital role to define mechanical properties of joint structures. To avoid from penetration defects and inclusion contamination in molten metal pool, multipass shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) of SS304L is performed in this research using E308L filler metal. The objective of this research is to investigate out the multiple welding passes effects on microstructural evolution, in situ delta ferrite percentage and different mechanical properties. A metallurgical microscope is used to examine the delta ferrite phase in austenite. Instead of depending on general ferrite number (FN) obtained through rigorous physical attempts, a MATLAB code for image processing is developed to estimate the local percentage of delta ferrite, within the austenitic phase. To reveal delta ferrite effects, its local percentage is discussed in relation to various properties. With the help of this technique, a good estimation is also made to detect the localized delta ferrite morphologies. The fusion zone (FZ) solidified in ferritic-austenitic mode (FA mode) comprises two basic delta ferrite morphologies; lacy and vermicular. Grain growth behavior and ferritic percentage of base metal (BM), heat affected zone (HAZ) and fusion zone (FZ) are discussed in single, double and triple pass weldments. Effects of delta ferrite percentage and morphology on fatigue crack initiation as well propagation are also investigated in different zones of each pass weldment. Fatigue crack propagation rate (FCPR) in different orientation with respect to welding zones is checked and it is noticed that propagation rate is much lower in perpendicular direction as compared to parallel one. Due to specific microstructural pattern, HAZ has greater fatigue crack propagation rate (FCPR) in comparison to BM and FZ. Fatigue crack propagation found highest resistant in triple pass weldment due to high concentration of lacy ferrites. However, in some cases it is found that crack mechanics is actually responsible instead of microstructural effects. (C) 2016 The Society of Manufacturing Engineers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2016
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21. Multiscale roughness analysis of engineering surfaces: A comparison of methods for the investigation of functional correlations

Author

Maxence Bigerelle, Gaëtan Le Goïc, Maurice Pillet, Hugues Favreliere, Serge Samper, Laboratoire Electronique, Informatique et Image ( Le2i ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'automatique et de mécanique industrielles et humaines ( LAMIH ), Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis ( UVHC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Physique de Rennes ( IPR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire SYstèmes et Matériaux pour la MEcatronique ( SYMME ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ), Laboratoire Electronique, Informatique et Image [UMR6306] (Le2i), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Mécanique et d'Informatique industrielles et Humaines - UMR 8201 (LAMIH), Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSA Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Hauts-de-France (INSA Hauts-De-France), Laboratoire SYstèmes et Matériaux pour la MEcatronique (SYMME), and Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])

Subjects
Discrete wavelet transform, 0209 industrial biotechnology, Gaussian, Aerospace Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Surface finish, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], symbols.namesake, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Wavelet, Fractal, 0203 mechanical engineering, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], Computer vision, Civil and Structural Engineering, Mathematics, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Wavelet transform, Filter (signal processing), Computer Science Applications, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Modal, Control and Systems Engineering, Signal Processing, symbols, Artificial intelligence, business, Biological system
Abstract

This study investigates the correlations between the topography of different damaged rough surfaces and process conditions. Several surfaces are measured and compared to determine if they can be discriminated. The analysis is performed by using Gaussian Filtering, Wavelet Transform and a more recent approach named Discrete Modal Decomposition. Standardized 3D roughness parameters are computed for each multiscale method, filter (e.g., high-pass, low-pass and band-pass) and available scale. The relevance (i.e., the ability to discriminate surface topographies corresponding to different process conditions) is then investigated using a statistical analysis based on the MesRugTM expert system. The results indicate clear differences between the multiscale methods and show that the Wavelet approach is useful when characterizing localized surface defects while Gaussian Filtering is more appropriate for highly periodic morphological structures. For more complex topographies, this study also clearly shows that the Discrete Modal Decomposition exhibits compelling abilities that fall between those of the Gaussian and Wavelet approaches; this method is clearly more relevant than the Gaussian method in the case of localized defects and less relevant in the case of highly periodical structures and fractal surfaces ( 1 / f α spectrum). This can be explained by the modulated frequency/amplitude descriptors generated via the modal basis.

Published
2016
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22. Reactivity tests for supplementary cementitious materials: RILEM TC 267-TRM phase 1

Author

Klaartje De Weerdt, Anuj Parashar, Tongbo Sui, Josée Duchesne, Mohsen Ben Haha, Mathieu Antoni, Maciej Zajac, Xuerun Li, Özlem Cizer, Sabina Kramar, Guang Ye, Cédric Patapy, Manu Santhanam, Shashank Bishnoi, John L. Provis, Sergio Sabio, Brant Walkley, Johannes Haufe, Shizhe Zhang, Anya Vollpracht, Ruben Snellings, Laurent Steger, Maria C.G. Juenger, Frank Winnefeld, Milena Marroccoli, Natalia Mariel Alderete, Felipe Vargas, Yuvaraj Dhandapani, Doug Hooton, Antonio Telesca, Siham Kamali-Bernard, Karen Scrivener, Martin Cyr, Aneeta Mary Joseph, BASF, VITO, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi ( IIT Delhi ), Université Catholique de Louvain ( UCL ), Laboratoire Matériaux et Durabilité des constructions [Toulouse] ( LMDC ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Indian Institute of Technology Madras ( IIT Madras ), Laval University [Québec], Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Génie Mécanique ( LGCGM ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes ( INSA Rennes ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ), Università degli studi della Basilicata [Potenza] ( UNIBAS ), Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering [PUC], Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, University of Sheffield [Sheffield], Delft University of Technology ( TU Delft ), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Laboratoire Matériaux et Durabilité des constructions (LMDC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Génie Mécanique (LGCGM), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Università degli studi della Basilicata [Potenza] (UNIBAS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) [81026665], foundation SIM (Strategic Initiative Materials in Flanders), Slovenian Research Agency [P2-0273], National Key RandD Program of China - Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (MOST) [2016YFE0206100, 2017YFB0310905], Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (MOST), foundation VLAIO (Flanders Innovation and Entrepreneurship) of Project ASHCEM, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)

Subjects
Heat release, Materials science, [ SPI.MAT ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Compressive strength, 02 engineering and technology, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 021105 building & construction, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], General Materials Science, Reactivity test, Composite material, Supplementary cementitious materials, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Civil and Structural Engineering, Cement, Reproducibility, Building and Construction, Pozzolan, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Strength of materials, Mechanics of Materials, Ground granulated blast-furnace slag, Fly ash, Cementitious, 0210 nano-technology, Bound water
Abstract

A primary aim of RILEM TC 267-TRM: “Tests for Reactivity of Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs)” is to compare and evaluate the performance of conventional and novel SCM reactivity test methods across a wide range of SCMs. To this purpose, a round robin campaign was organized to investigate 10 different tests for reactivity and 11 SCMs covering the main classes of materials in use, such as granulated blast furnace slag, fly ash, natural pozzolan and calcined clays. The methods were evaluated based on the correlation to the 28 days relative compressive strength of standard mortar bars containing 30% of SCM as cement replacement and the interlaboratory reproducibility of the test results. It was found that only a few test methods showed acceptable correlation to the 28 days relative strength over the whole range of SCMs. The methods that showed the best reproducibility and gave good correlations used the R3 model system of the SCM and Ca(OH)2, supplemented with alkali sulfate/carbonate. The use of this simplified model system isolates the reaction of the SCM and the reactivity can be easily quantified from the heat release or bound water content. Later age (90 days) strength results also correlated well with the results of the IS 1727 (Indian standard) reactivity test, an accelerated strength test using an SCM/Ca(OH)2-based model system. The current standardized tests did not show acceptable correlations across all SCMs, although they performed better when latently hydraulic materials (blast furnace slag) were excluded. However, the Frattini test, Chapelle and modified Chapelle test showed poor interlaboratory reproducibility, demonstrating experimental difficulties. The TC 267-TRM will pursue the development of test protocols based on the R3 model systems. Acceleration and improvement of the reproducibility of the IS 1727 test will be attempted as well. This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article. The final authenticated version is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/s11527-018-1269-x

Published
2018
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23. Contactless conductivity measurement for ITO nanolayers on AsGa substrats over a wide frequency range

Author

Florent Loete, Yann Le Bihan, Denis Mencaraglia, Hajer Makhloufi, Laboratoire Génie électrique et électronique de Paris ( GeePs ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -CentraleSupélec-Sorbonne Université-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Équipe Photonique ( LAAS-PHOTO ), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes [Toulouse] ( LAAS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ), Laboratoire de génie électrique de Paris ( LGEP ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -SUPELEC-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Génie électrique et électronique de Paris (GeePs), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[ PHYS ] Physics [physics], Materials science, business.industry, Electromagnetic spectrum, 010401 analytical chemistry, Low frequency, Conductivity, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Indium tin oxide, [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, Semiconductor, Electromagnetic coil, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], [ SPI.ELEC ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, Optoelectronics, Reflectometry, business, Electrical impedance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; We report on the application of a new contactless method based on eddy currents with a view to characterizing some transport properties of a large range of semiconductors. The innovative approach of this work consists in measuring the impedance of the coil by reflectometry using a broadband multicarrier test signal. The device works well with silicon wafers with a constant conductivity over a wide frequency range. Because of their electrical conductivity and high optical transmittance in the visible and near-IR regions of electromagnetic spectrum, indium tin oxide (ITO) films have motivated great interests in experimental studies and technological applications. The estimation of their electrical conductivity is a key point to develop these devices. On this paper we show that the setup can be used for the frequency characterization of ITO and AsGa nanolayers wich exhibit a frequency dependent behavior. The low frequency measurement are found in agreement with the classical four point probe setup.

Published
2018
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24. ANALYSIS OF RELATIONS BETWEEN ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION, DYNAMIC CAPACITIES AND BUSINESS PERFORMANCE

Author

Mendoza Saad , Carlos Alberto, Torres Barreto , Martha Liliana, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Universidad de Investigación y Desarrollo (UDI), Grupo, Porter, Universidad de Investigación y Desarrollo ( UDI ), and Cristian Camilo, Ortega Rozo

Subjects
desempeño empresarial, Dynamic capabilities, [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], JEL: M - Business Administration and Business Economics • Marketing • Accounting • Personnel Economics/M.M0 - General/M.M0.M00 - General, Business performance, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, JEL: A - General Economics and Teaching/A.A1 - General Economics/A.A1.A10 - General, Orientación Emprendedora, business performance, JEL: M - Business Administration and Business Economics • Marketing • Accounting • Personnel Economics/M.M1 - Business Administration/M.M1.M10 - General, Capacidades dinámicas, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], Entrepreneurial Orientation, [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, [SHS.GESTION] Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Desempeño empresarial
Abstract

Entrepreneurial orientation and dynamic capabilities are a set of variables that influence one way or another within the business performance of organizations. When performing an analysis and review of the literature it can be noticed that numerous studies point to a positive relationship between this set of variables discussed above and the need to promote one or the other to increase business performance. That is why this research aims to show a conceptual approach to the notions of each of the exposed variables and interrelationships between each and a theoretical model is exposedvariables to be measured, which will serve as the baseline for an empirical investigation., La orientación emprendedora y las capacidades dinámicas son un conjunto de variables que influyen de una manera u otra dentro del desempeño empresarial de las organizaciones. Al realizar un análisis y revisión bibliográfica se puede notar que numerosos estudios señalan que existe una relación positiva entre este conjunto de variables anteriormente expuestas y la necesidad de potenciar unas u otras para aumentar el desempeño empresarial. Es por esto que esta investigación propone mostrar un acercamiento hacia las nociones conceptuales de cada una de las variables expuestas y las interrelaciones que existen entre cada una de ellas y se expone un modelo teórico de las variables a medir, que servirá como línea de base para una investigación empírica.

Published
2018

25. A Connected-Tube MPP Model for Object Detection with Application to Materials and Remotely-Sensed Images

Author

Josiane Zerubia, Mary L. Comer, Tianyu Li, Purdue University [West Lafayette], Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée ( CRISAM ), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ), Models of spatio-temporal structure for high-resolution image processing (AYIN), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)

Subjects
[ INFO ] Computer Science [cs], [ STAT ] Statistics [stat], Computer science, Feature extraction, building detection, 02 engineering and technology, Ellipse, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Computer vision, stochastic, business.industry, fiber detection, modeling, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Object detection, road, road and building detection, [STAT]Statistics [stat], Mixed Marked Point Process, Kernel (image processing), 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Artificial intelligence, Index Terms-Mixed Marked Point Process, connected tube model, 0210 nano-technology, business, stochastic modeling
Abstract

International audience; In this paper, we propose a connected-tube model based on a Marked Point Process (MPP) for strip feature extraction in images. This model incorporates a connection prior that favors certain connections between tubes based on their mutual positional relationship. Moreover, this model can easily be combined with other geometric models to form a mixed MPP model for more complex detection tasks. The proposed tube model is applied to fiber detection in microscopy images by combining connected-tube and ellipse models. The ellipse model is used for detecting short fibers, while the longer fibers are detected by tube model. We also test the model on road and building detection in remotely sensed images.

Published
2018

26. Comparison of samaras movement between free falls and constrained rotation, using high speed imaging and stereocorrelation

Author

Carré , Aurélien, Roux , Émile, Tabourot , Laurent, Vacher , Pierre, Charleux , Ludovic, Laboratoire SYstèmes et Matériaux pour la MEcatronique ( SYMME ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ), Laboratoire SYstèmes et Matériaux pour la MEcatronique (SYMME), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), and Carré, Aurélien

Subjects
[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], Fixed axis of rotation, Biomimicry, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], Maple seeds, Stereocorrelation
Abstract

International audience; The maple seed, or samara, presents a relatively stable rotational movement after a transitional phase, that allows it to create a high lift and therefore promotes dissemination. This important lift force comes from little vortex created close to the wing, thanks to its shape. This phenomenon is also present for birds and insects. It leads to a spin velocity of samaras between 80 and 150 rad.s-1 and a descending velocity of around 1 m.s-1. The center of rotation approximately coincides with the center of gravity for maple seeds, and it has been observed that this center describes a helical descending movement; it is also the case for mechanical resin samaras. In the study presented here, the behavior of samaras (Acer palmatum) during their free fall was analyzed, in order to valid their characteristic parameters (spin velocity and descending velocity). Then, samaras were placed in a wind tunnel with their axis of rotation xed, and their translation movement stopped. They could always auto-adapt their angular position to the air flow. The relative air speed in the tunnel has been set at the value measured during free falls, to compare the two behaviors. Stereocorrelation has been used with high speed cameras because of the speed of movement (several revolutions per second). The velocities of each point of the samaras were measured by stereo image correlation. Then, from this velocity field, the instantaneous center of rotation, rotation vector and velocity vector of the seeds were identied by optimization considering a rigid body motion. During the free fall experiments, due to the limited depth of field of the objectives, only a quarter of a revolution could be exploited. Whereas in the constrained tests, the samaras are horizontally stable, so their whole movement is in the depth of field. Finally, the differences of movement characteristics between the two setups have been analyzed, to see if a biomimicry application could be valuable for energy harvesting.

Published
2018

27. Characterization of Barley Straw, Hemp Shiv and Corn Cob as Resources for Bioaggregate Based Building Materials

Author

Aurélie Laborel-Préneron, Camille Magniont, Jean-Emmanuel Aubert, Laboratoire Matériaux et Durabilité des constructions (LMDC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire Matériaux et Durabilité des constructions [Toulouse] ( LMDC ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, Absorption of water, Gypsum, Materials science, 020209 energy, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 12. Responsible consumption, 021105 building & construction, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], [ SPI.GCIV ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Waste Management and Disposal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Lime, Waste management, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Sorption, Pozzolan, Straw, Pulp and paper industry, Bulk density, hemp shiv, [SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, properties, Barley straw, engineering, avalability, corn cob, bio-based building material
Abstract

International audience; 12 Expanding the use of low-environmental impact materials in the field of building materials is a 13 major aim in a context of sustainable development. These alternative materials should be 14 non-polluting, eventually recycled, and locally available. Bioresources are already used in 15 some building materials but few studies have investigated their relevance in such 16 applications. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the suitability of three kinds of vegetal 17 aggregates: barley straw, hemp shiv and corn cob. The availability of these bioresources, 18 extracted from a French database, is discussed, as are their physical properties and 19 chemical compositions. Their microstructure is described with SEM images and their particle 20 size distributions are provided through image analysis. Sorption-desorption isotherms are 21 measured by a Dynamic Vapour Sorption system. Bulk density, thermal conductivity and 22 water absorption are also quantified. The results highlight a tubular structure for the three 23 different aggregates, with low bulk density and thermal conductivity (0.044, 0.051 and 0.096 24 W.m-1 .K-1 respectively for straw, hemp shiv and corn cob) and high water absorption, 25 especially for barley straw and hemp shiv (414 and 380% vs. 123% for corn cob). Their 26 hygric regulation capacity is also sufficiently good, with a water sorption of between 20 and 27 26% at 95% of relative humidity. These plant aggregates could therefore be used as 28 additions in an earth matrix, or a hydraulic, pozzolanic, air lime or gypsum binder, or just as 29 loose-fill insulation material. However, future research should focus on their resistance to fire 30 and bacterial growth to validate this approach. 31 32

Published
2018
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28. Dislocations and Plastic Deformation in MgO Crystals:A Review

Author

Amodeo, Jonathan, Merkel, Sébastien, Tromas, Christophe, Carrez, Philippe, Korte-Kerzel, Sandra, Cordier, Patrick, Chevalier, Jérome, Université de Lille, ENSCL, CNRS, INRA, Unité Matériaux et Transformations (UMET) - UMR 8207, Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne] [MATEIS], Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 [UMET], Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et d'Aérotechnique [Poitiers] [ISAE-ENSMA], Institute of Physical Metallurgy and Metal Physics [RWTH Aachen University], Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne] (MATEIS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Physique des Défauts et de la Plasticité PDP (PDP), Département Physique et Mécanique des Matériaux (Département Physique et Mécanique des Matériaux), Institut Pprime (PPRIME), Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pprime (PPRIME), Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne] ( MATEIS ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ), Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, The University of Tokyo, Laboratoire de métallurgie physique ( LMP ), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de structures et propriétés de l'état solide ( LSPES ), and Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [ SPI.MAT ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, ddc:540, lcsh:QD901-999, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], extreme conditions, MgO, lcsh:Crystallography, multi-scale modeling, mechanical properties, dislocations, nano-mechanics, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract

International audience; This review paper focuses on dislocations and plastic deformation in magnesium oxide crystals. MgO is an archetype ionic ceramic with refractory properties which is of interest in several fields of applications such as ceramic materials fabrication, nano-scale engineering and Earth sciences. In its bulk single crystal shape, MgO can deform up to few percent plastic strain due to dislocation plasticity processes that strongly depend on external parameters such as pressure, temperature, strain rate, or crystal size. This review describes how a combined approach of macro-mechanical tests, multi-scale modeling, nano-mechanical tests, and high pressure experiments and simulations have progressively helped to improve our understanding of MgO mechanical behavior and elementary dislocation-based processes under stress.

Published
2018
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29. Experimental study of flow boiling in an inclined mini-channel

Author

Revellin , Rémi, Layssac , Thibaut, Lips , Stéphane, Centre d'Energétique et de Thermique de Lyon ( CETHIL ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d'Energétique et de Thermique de Lyon (CETHIL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Revellin, Rémi

Subjects
[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

30. Stochastic differential equations for the electromagnetic field scattered by the sea surface for remote sensing applications

Author

Roussel , Clément, Coatanhay , Arnaud, Baussard , Alexandre, Lab-STICC_ENSTAB_CID_TOMS, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance ( Lab-STICC ), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest ( ENIB ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -ENSTA Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Bretagne Loire ( UBL ) -IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire ( IMT Atlantique ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest ( ENIB ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -ENSTA Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Bretagne Loire ( UBL ) -IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire ( IMT Atlantique ), Lab-STICC_ENSTAB_MOM_PIM, University of Gothenburg, Chalmers University of Technology, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)

Subjects
[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], [ SPI.ELEC ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, [ SPI.SIGNAL ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract

International audience; Goal : use a model of stochastic differential equations for the electromagnetic field scattered by any random media (the sea surface for example) and find its implications for remote sensing and anomaly/target detection.

Published
2018

31. Geometrical nonlinear computational analysis on an intentional mistuning of a bladed-disk

Author

Anthony Picou, Evangéline Capiez-Lernout, Christian Soize, Moustapha Mbaye, Laboratoire de Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle (MSME), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Safran Tech, Laboratoire de Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle ( MSME ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée ( UPEM ), SAFRAN TECH, Soize, Christian, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)

Subjects
[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Bladed-disks, [ SPI.MECA ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph], Geometrical nonlinearities, [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], Structural dynamics, [SPI.MECA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph], [SPI.MECA] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph], Reduced-order-model, Intentional mistuning
Abstract

International audience; In the framework of linear dynamic analysis of bladed disks, the intentional mistuning has been identified as a technological way for reducing the sensitivity of the forced response of bladed disks to mistuning induced by the manufacturing tolerances and by the small variabilities of mechanical properties. The role played by the geometrical nonlinearities(Capiez-Lernout 2015) and dry friction in the dynamics of bladed disk has recently received a particular attention. In this paper, we present an analysis of the effects of geometrical nonlinearities on an intentional mistuned bladed disk. For that, a simplified bladed disk made up of 24 blades is defined for which a computational model is constructed by using the finite element method. Two different blades are used and allow for defining a pattern with 22 blades of type 1 and 2 blades of type 2. A projection basis is computed and a linear and a nonlinear reduced-order model (ROM) are constructed for the defined bladed disk. A comparison of the responses of the mistuned bladed disk computed with the linear ROM and with the nonlinear ROM is performed in order to analyze the role played by the nonlinearities on the intentional mistuning. The numerical results obtained show the significant influences of the nonlinear geometrical effects in the dynamical responses.

Published
2018

32. Targeting Well-Balanced Solutions in Multi-Objective Bayesian Optimization under a Restricted Budget

Author

Victor Picheny, Vincent Herbert, David Gaudrie, Rodolphe Le Riche, Benoit Enaux, École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), PSA Peugeot Citroën, PSA Peugeot Citroën (PSA), Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Modélisation et d'Optimisation des Systèmes (LIMOS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Henri Fayol (FAYOL-ENSMSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Département Génie mathématique et industriel (FAYOL-ENSMSE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne-Institut Henri Fayol, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Battiti R., Brunato M., Kotsireas I., Pardalos P., Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), PSA Peugeot - Citroën (PSA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne (ENSM ST-ETIENNE)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne (ENSM ST-ETIENNE)-Institut Henri Fayol, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne, École des Mines de Saint-Étienne ( Mines Saint-Étienne MSE ), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris], PSA Peugeot - Citroën ( PSA ), Peugeot-Citroën, Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Modélisation et d'Optimisation des Systèmes ( LIMOS ), Sigma CLERMONT ( Sigma CLERMONT ) -Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse ( MIAT INRA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), and Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne (ENSM ST-ETIENNE)

Subjects
[ MATH.MATH-OC ] Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], Mathematical optimization, Computer science, Computer experiments, Gaussian processes, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, [STAT.OT]Statistics [stat]/Other Statistics [stat.ML], Multi-objective optimization, Set (abstract data type), symbols.namesake, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], Convergence (routing), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], Parsimonious optimization, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [ MATH.MATH-ST ] Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], [MATH]Mathematics [math], Gaussian process, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Bayesian optimization, Pareto principle, Preference-based optimization, Computer experiment, 020202 computer hardware & architecture, symbols, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC]
Abstract

International audience; Multi-objective optimization aims at finding the Pareto set composed of all the best trade-off solutions between several objectives. When dealing with expensive-to-evaluate black box functions, surrogate-based approaches, in the vein of EGO have proven their effectiveness. However, for extremely narrow budgets, and/or when the number of objectives is large, uncovering the entire Pareto set becomes out of reach even for these approaches. In this work, we restrict our search to well-chosen targeted parts of the Pareto set. This accelerates the search as only a subset of the objective space is considered. As an end-user would typically choose solutions with equilibrated trade-offs between objectives rather than ones favoring a single objective over the others, we will focus on the central part of the Pareto Front, which corresponds to the most well-balanced solutions. First, we discuss how to define and estimate the center of the Pareto Front. That estimated point has to fairly represent the topology of the front, in spite of the parsimonious knowledge of the objective space. Then, three infill criteria which will guide the optimization, includiing the Expected Hypervolume Improvement are studied and tailored through some of their hyperparameters to enable them to target.To assess performance, a benchmark built from real-world airfoil aerodynamic data, with variable dimension and number of objectives is used. Compared with standard techniques, the proposed methodology leads to a faster and a more precise convergence towards the Pareto Frontin the targeted region.

Published
2018
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33. Social Capital dimensions and the usage of Information Technology in buyer-supplier collaboration for New Product Development

Author

Talas, Yassine, Le Dain, Marie-Anne, Merminod, Valery, Gzara, Lilia, Ayala, Néstor Fabián, Frank, Alejandro Germán, CC ( G-SCOP_CC ), Laboratoire des sciences pour la conception, l'optimisation et la production ( G-SCOP ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble INP ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble INP ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Centre d'études et de recherches appliquées à la gestion ( CERAG ), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 ( UPMF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), SIREP ( G-SCOP_SIREP ), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] ( UFRGS ), Conception collaborative (G-SCOP_CC ), Laboratoire des sciences pour la conception, l'optimisation et la production (G-SCOP), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Centre d'études et de recherches appliquées à la gestion (CERAG), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Système d’Information, conception RobustE des Produits (G-SCOP_SIREP ), and Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS)

Subjects
[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], supplier involvement, information technology, New product development, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, inter-organizational collaboration, social capital theory, [ SHS.GESTION ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration
Abstract

International audience; Companies increasingly rely on Information Technology (IT) to support collaboration with suppliers for New Product Development (NPD). The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of Social Capital dimensions (cognitive, structural and relational) on the use of IT functionalities (project and resource management, knowledge management and cooperative work) in a buyer-supplier collaboration for NPD. In this regard, we conducted an in-depth case study with two suppliers of a manufacturer from the railway industry. Our findings suggest that lack of consideration of social capital dimensions within IT design will negatively impact the efficiency of use of IT functionalities. Our results provide valuable insight for IT managers to accurately address the design of collaborative IT tools.

Published
2018

34. Half-disk laser: insight into the internal mode structure of laser resonators

Author

Alexei N. Baranov, Vladislav V. Dudelev, A. M. Monakhov, Prokhor A. Alekseev, Richard Arinero, Mikhail S. Dunaevskiy, Grigorii S. Sokolovskii, Roland Teissier, Institut d’Electronique et des Systèmes ( IES ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut d’Electronique et des Systèmes (IES), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Composants à Nanostructure pour le moyen infrarouge (NANOMIR), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Geometrical optics, business.industry, Physics::Optics, Near and far field, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Resonator, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Optics, law, Optical cavity, 0103 physical sciences, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], Disk laser, Emission spectrum, Whispering-gallery wave, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Usually electromagnetic modes inside a laser resonator are a matter of the theoretical studies. In a sense we manage "to have a look into a whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonator" and observe how the resonator modes arrange in reality. The picture occurs to be quite different from the commonly used Bessel modes in a disk resonator. A chance to explore optical modes inside a resonator appears in a WGM laser with a cleaved cavity. The flat laser facet gives an opportunity to study both far and near field patterns formed by different modes. In this research we use a high resolution technique of detection of laser emission based on an atomic force microscope, which allowed us to visualize even high Q modes normally sealed inside the resonator. This information was completed with spatially resolved emission spectra and far-field patterns measured using an infrared camera. The analysis of the obtained results using both wave and geometrical optics approaches and finite elements simulations showed that emission of the studied devices is governed by a few low order optical modes experiencing a small number of reflections from the resonator walls. These modes can be considered as counter propagating Gaussian beams and their interference at the laser facet was also observed in the experiment. This work showed that, contrary to conventional ridge or surface emitting lasers, in such deformed disk resonators outputs of different optical modes are spatially separated and can be studied individually along the cleaved facet of the laser.

Published
2018
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35. A new numerical strategy for SPF pressure profile computing based on statistical strain rate controlling

Author

Luc Penazzi, Sylvie Gallet, Maxime Rollin, Vincent Velay, Alain Dupuy, Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Airbus Operation S.A.S., Airbus [France], Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut Clément Ader ( ICA ), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace ( ISAE-SUPAERO ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux ( IMT Mines Albi ), and AIRBUS

Subjects
Optimization, Computer science, Industrial strategy, Superplasticity, 02 engineering and technology, Superplastic forming, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Control theory, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], General Materials Science, Civil and Structural Engineering, Strain Rate Distribution, Optimization algorithm, 020502 materials, Mechanical Engineering, Titanium alloy, Strain rate, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Finite element method, Distribution (mathematics), 0205 materials engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Gravitational singularity, 0210 nano-technology, Finite Element Modeling
Abstract

International audience; This paper investigates the designing of Superplastic Forming pressure cycles in order to propose rapid forming sequences that suit industrial strategy, and which enable the control of microstructure evolutions. An optimization algorithm using ABAQUS® coupled with MATLAB® has been developed in order to improve forming cycles while allowing superplasticity. The numerical strategy is based on an algorithm controlling a statistical maximum of the distribution of strain rate of non-formed elements of part mesh instead of the maximum strain rate on the whole mesh for classical optimization algorithms. The objective of this method is to exclude numerical singularities that are used for pressure controlling in traditional techniques. This paper details firstly the new algorithm and then presents numerical and experimental results for different forming conditions obtained from industrial, classical, and optimized pressure cycles. These tests were performed on Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloys.

Published
2018
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36. Predictive Control Based on Nonlinear Observer for Muscular Force and Fatigue Model

Author

Toufik Bakir, Sami Othman, B. Bonnard, Laboratoire d'Electronique, d'Informatique et d'Image UMR CNRS 6306 ( Le2i ), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard ( UTBM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers ( ENSAM ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Mathematics for Control, Transport and Applications ( McTAO ), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée ( CRISAM ), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ), Institut de Mathématiques de Bourgogne [Dijon] ( IMB ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'automatique et de génie des procédés ( LAGEP ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Electronique, d'Informatique et d'Image [EA 7508] (Le2i), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mathematics for Control, Transport and Applications (McTAO), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Institut de Mathématiques de Bourgogne [Dijon] (IMB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Laboratoire d'automatique et de génie des procédés (LAGEP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon (CPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 03 medical and health sciences, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, 0302 clinical medicine, Control theory, [ SPI.AUTO ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], Muscular force, Functional electrical stimulation, Predictive control, Reinforcement, Simulation, Functional Electrical Stimulation, [ SDV.BIO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Nonlinear observer, Numerical models, Model predictive control, Observateur nonlinéaire, Stimulation électrique fonctionnelle, Commande prédictive, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; The Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) is used in the case of neurological disorders (paralyzed muscles) or the muscle reinforcement (sportsmen). A recent model was proposed coupling a force model and a fatigue model. Based on the specific structure of the model, we present a predictive control scheme using online estimation of the fatigue variables with a nonlinear observer. It is numerically tested in a preliminary study.

Published
2018
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37. Chemical modelling of Delayed Ettringite Formation for assessment of affected concrete structures

Author

Alain Sellier, Stéphane Multon, Laboratoire Matériaux et Durabilité des constructions (LMDC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratoire Matériaux et Durabilité des constructions [Toulouse] ( LMDC ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)

Subjects
Ettringite, Materials science, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Thermodynamics, Fine elements, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, Building and Construction, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Modelling, Water saturation, Delayed Ettringite Formation, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, chemistry, Finite element, 021105 building & construction, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], [ SPI.GCIV ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, DEF, General Materials Science, 0210 nano-technology, Dissolution, Concrete
Abstract

International audience; Delayed Ettringite Formation (DEF) modelling is addressed in the context of structural analysis. First, a chemical model is specified to simulate the effects of the heating of concrete in terms of reactions involving sulfates, aluminates and alkalis. It can be decomposed into: dissolution of primary sulfoaluminates at high temperature, fixation of aluminates in hydrogarnet or carboaluminates, and formation of delayed ettringite at low temperature. The influences of alkalis, temperature and water saturation on these reactions are taken into account. The main result of this model is the amount of delayed ettringite. The parameters of the proposed chemical model are fitted on a large number of experiments taken from the literature. The chemical model is then coupled with a nonlinear mechanical model based on poro-mechanics modelling. An application of chemo-mechanical coupling shows the features and benefits of such modelling to help practitioners in the management of structures affected by DEF.

Published
2018
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38. Nonsmooth contact dynamics for the numerical simulation of collisions in musical string instruments

Author

Jean-Loïc Le Carrou, Clara Issanchou, Vincent Acary, Cyril Touzé, Franck Pérignon, Institut des Sciences de la mécanique et Applications industrielles (IMSIA - UMR 9219), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Lutheries - Acoustique - Musique (IJLRDA-LAM), Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert (DALEMBERT), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation, simulation et commande des systèmes dynamiques non lisses (TRIPOP ), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la mécanique et Applications industrielles ( IMSIA - UMR 9219 ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées ( Univ. Paris-Saclay, ENSTA ParisTech ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Saclay-EDF R&D ( EDF R&D ), EDF ( EDF ) -EDF ( EDF ), Modélisation, simulation et commande des systèmes dynamiques non lisses ( TRIPOP ), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ), Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann ( LJK ), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 ( UPMF ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert ( DALEMBERT ), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
[SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], Bass guitar, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Computer simulation, [ SPI.ACOU ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], Computer science, [SPI.MECA.VIBR]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Vibrations [physics.class-ph], [ MATH.MATH-NA ] Mathematics [math]/Numerical Analysis [math.NA], 010103 numerical & computational mathematics, Musical, 01 natural sciences, [ SPI.MECA.VIBR ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Vibrations [physics.class-ph], Contact force, Musical acoustics, Vibration, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Control theory, 0103 physical sciences, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], C++ string handling, Contact dynamics, 0101 mathematics, 010301 acoustics, [MATH.MATH-NA]Mathematics [math]/Numerical Analysis [math.NA]
Abstract

International audience; Collisions in musical string instruments play a fundamental role in explaining the sound production in various instruments such as sitars, tanpuras and electric basses. Contacts occuring during the vibration provide a nonlinear effect which shapes a specific tone due to energy transfers and enriches the hearing experience. As such, they must be carefully simulated for the purpose of physically-based sound synthesis. Most of the numerical methods presented in the literature rely on a compliant modeling of the contact force between the string and the obstacle. In this contribution, numerical methods from nonsmooth contact dynamics are used to integrate the problem in time. A Moreau-Jean time-stepping scheme is combined with an exact scheme for phases with no contact, thus controlling the numerical dispersion. Results for a two-point bridge mimicking a tanpura and an electric bass are presented, showing the ability of the method to deal efficiently with such problems while invoking, as compared to a compliant approach, less modelling parameters and a reduced computational burden.

Published
2018
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39. Flexible Wideband Radio Transceiver Testing using Non-Uniform Subsampling Demodulation

Author

Vinci Dos Santos , Filipe, dos Santos , Filipe Vinci, Dogaru , Emanuel, Chaire Conception Analogique Avancée Thales/Supélec, Thales Communications [Colombes], THALES-THALES-Supélec Sciences des Systèmes [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( E3S ), and SUPELEC-SUPELEC

Subjects
[ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018
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40. Analysis of Safety Requirements Evolution in the Transition of Land Transportation Systems Toward Autonomy

Author

Youssef Damak, Marija Jankovic, Bernard Yannou, Yann Leroy, CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire Génie Industriel - EA 2606 ( LGI ), Ingénierie de la conception - Design Engineering, CentraleSupélec-CentraleSupélec, and Laboratoire Génie Industriel - EA 2606 (LGI)

Subjects
Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, 020207 software engineering, model based engineering, 02 engineering and technology, safety analysis, design process, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Criticality, TheoryofComputation_LOGICSANDMEANINGSOFPROGRAMS, 11. Sustainability, Metric (mathematics), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Systems engineering, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], Design process, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Model based engineering, Requirements evolution, autonomous vehicles, Analysis method, Autonomy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common
Abstract

International audience; Autonomous Vehicles (AV) are the future evolution of Land Transportation Systems (LTS). They promise an improvement in road safety. However, safety requirements stay a big challenge for their development. The literature presents a lack of insight on the way LTS safety requirements will evolve. This paper proposes an analysis method of LTS safety requirements evolution toward AV. The ASIL metric is used to evaluate the safety criticality. The application on two case studies, the steering by wire and platooning systems, results in a better understanding and characterization of this evolution.

Published
2018
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41. Estrategia empresarial en el sector industrial colombiano desde el enfoque de losrecursos y las capacidades 2011-2012

Author

Fernández Palacio , Silvia Juliana, Jurado García , Ruth Gisella, Universidad Industrial de Santander [Bucaramanga] (UIS), Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana (UPB), Cristian Camilo, Ortega Rozo, Universidad Industrial de Santander [Bucaramanga] ( UIS ), and Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana

Subjects
[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [ QFIN ] Quantitative Finance [q-fin], [QFIN]Quantitative Finance [q-fin], [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], Resultado Empresariales (Business Results), [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], Capacidades (Capabilities), Innovación (Innovation), Gestión, (Management ) Competitividad (Competitivenes), [QFIN] Quantitative Finance [q-fin], Recursos (Resources)
Abstract

En un entorno turbulento y cambiante, las empresas buscan constantemente la manera de desarrollar nuevas estrategiasque les permita diferenciarse de la competencia y a su vez maximizar sus resultados económicos, para este caso medido en aumentode ventas nacionales y exportaciones.Toda empresa sin importar su tamaño o sector a nivel interno posee unos recursos y capacidades específicos, los cuales al seridentificados correctamente pueden potencializar la obtención de mejores resultados de la empresa a nivel económico.En el presente estudio a partir de la aplicación de un análisis empírico a las empresas de la industria colombiana incluidas en elcenso EDIT industria periodo 2011-2012 y con la utilización de herramientas estadísticas proporcionadas por el DANE.Se definieron como objeto de estudio los recursos de tipo Humano y las capacidades de Innovación y ordenar su gestión. Se tomóuna muestra de 2684 empresas y se obtuvo como. resultado de las estrategias usadas por las empresas del sector colombiano eneste periodo medido (2011-2012) que existe una fuerte correlacion entre la capacitación y formación de personal y los resultadosempresariales medidos en términos de ventas y exportaciones.

Published
2018

42. Département FEDORA Modèles compacts électro-thermiques du premier ordre et considération de bruit pour les circuits 3D– INSA Lyon -Ecoles Doctorales – Quinquennal 2016-2020

Author

MA , Yue, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ), INSA Lyon, Christian GONTRAND, INL - Dispositifs Electroniques (INL - DE), Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon, and Christian Gontrand

Subjects
Keep-Out-Of-Zone - KOZ, noise, Bruit, Integrated circuit, Circuits 3D, electrothermal, RDL – Re-Distribution Layer, 3D Integrated Circuits, Microélectronique, Circuit intégré 3D, Finite element method - FEM, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Caloduc plat, Vertical through silicon - TSV, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], Microélectronics, 3D circuits, Electronics, Circuit intégré, Electronique, Simulateur de coeur SPICE, Spice core simulator, Heatpipe, Electrothermique
Abstract

Three Dimensional (3D) Integration and Packaging has been successful in mainstream devices to increase logic density and to reduce data movement distances. It solves the fundamental limits of scaling e.g. increasing delay in interconnections, development costs and variability. Most memory devices shipped today have some form of chip-stacking involved. But because of the power dissipation limits of ICs, today’s MPU’s operating frequency has been limited to a few GHz. The aim of the thesis is to provide a global design method for the 3D integrated circuit in electrical, thermal, electro-thermal and also noise field. To this end, the research question is as follows: How to realize the 3D IC design, how to manage VLS 3D IC and how to solve the thermal issues in the 3D IC. In this context, the simulation methods for substrate and also relative connectivity (TSV, RDL, Micro strip and circuits embedded into the substrate) are proposed. In order to satisfy the research demand, a 3D-TLE and a substrate impedance are programmed in Matlab, which can automatically extract from any contacts; impedance, of arbitrary shape and arbitrary material. The extractor is 100% compatible with SPICE core simulator, and verified with measurement results and FEM simulation results. And as for a demo, a 26 GHz frequency and 2GHz bandwidth RF filter is propose in this work. Another electro-thermal simulator is also programmed and verified with ADS. As a solution to the local heat dissipation, flat heat pipe (FHP) is proposed as a prospective component. The heat-pipe model is verified with FEM simulation. The substrates noise analysis method and electrical and thermos-mechanical keep-out-of-zone (KOZ) calculation methods are also presented.; L'intégration tridimensionnels (3D) ont été couronnés de succès dans les dispositifs traditionnels pour augmenter la densité logique et réduire les distances de mouvement des données. Il résout les limites fondamentales de la mise à l'échelle, par ex. retard croissant dans les interconnexions, les coûts de développement et la variabilité. La plupart des périphériques de mémoire livrés aujourd'hui comportent une forme d'empilage de puce. Mais en raison des limites de dissipation de puissance des circuits intégrés, la fréquence de fonctionnement du MPU d'aujourd'hui a été limitée à quelques GHz. Le but de la thèse est de fournir une méthode de conception globale pour le circuit intégré 3D dans le domaine électrique, thermique, électrothermique et aussi le bruit. À cette fin, la question de recherche est la suivante: Comment réaliser la conception 3D IC, comment gérer VLS 3D IC et comment résoudre les problèmes thermiques dans le CI 3D. Dans ce contexte, les méthodes de simulation pour le substrat et également la connectivité relative (TSV, RDL, Micro strip et circuits intégrés dans le substrat) sont proposées. Afin de satisfaire la demande de recherche, un 3D-TLE et une impédance de substrat sont programmés dans Matlab, qui peut automatiquement extraire de tous les contacts; impédance, de forme arbitraire et de matière arbitraire. L'extracteur est compatible à 100% avec le simulateur de cœur SPICE et vérifié avec les résultats de mesure et les résultats de simulation FEM. Et comme pour une démo, une fréquence de 26 GHz et un filtre RF de bande passante 2GHz sont proposés dans ce travail. Un autre simulateur électrothermique est également programmé et vérifié avec ADS. En tant que solution à la dissipation thermique locale, le caloduc plat est proposé comme composant potentiel. Le modèle caloduc est vérifié avec une simulation FEM. La méthode d'analyse du bruit des substrats et les méthodes de calcul de électriques et thermo-mécanique KOZ sont également présentées.

Published
2018

43. Segmentation d'un parc virtuel de bâtiments par clustering pour la rénovation énergétique

Author

Lee , Yunseok, Boisson , Pierre, Rivallain , Mathieu, Baverel , Olivier, Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment (CSTB), Université Paris-Est (UPE), Laboratoire Navier (navier umr 8205), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC), ANR-15-CE22-0011,REHA-PARCS,Aide à la décision interactive pour la réhabilitation de parcs de bâtiments(2015), Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment ( CSTB ), Université Paris-Est ( UPE ), Laboratoire Navier ( NAVIER UMR 8205 ), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux ( IFSTTAR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École des Ponts ParisTech ( ENPC ), École des Ponts ParisTech ( ENPC ), and ANR-15-CE22-0011,REHA-PARCS,Aide à la décision interactive pour la réhabilitation de parcs de bâtiments

Subjects
[SPI.GCIV.CD]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Construction durable, energy retrofit, building stock, parcs de bâtiments, [ SPI.GCIV.CD ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Construction durable, [SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], rénovation énergétique, [ SPI.GCIV ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], [SPI.GCIV.RHEA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Rehabilitation, [ SPI.GCIV.RHEA ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Rehabilitation, [ STAT.ML ] Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], clustering
Abstract

International audience; In this study, clustering, an unsupervised machine learning technique, is used to segment a building stock into homogeneous groups in terms of descriptive attributes and energy performance. A virtual stock of residential buildings has been generated to test a developed clustering method. It consists of various geometries (shape and size) that identify different types of. The attributes of the buildings used for clustering are separated into two parts: the decision space of descriptive attributes, and the objective space of energy performance. The developed clustering method seeks to satisfy the homogeneity criterion in the two spaces. The interaction between two spaces has been achieved by dimensionality reduction using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and self-supervision using the adjusted Rand index (ARI). The analysis of the results makes it possible to validate the approach of the method. The obtained clusters of buildings are more or less distant from the traditional typologies (for example in terms of morphology).; Dans cette étude, le clustering, une technique d'apprentissage automatique non supervisée, est utilisée pour segmenter un parc de bâtiments en groupes homogènes en termes d'attributs descriptifs et de performance énergétique. Un parc virtuel de bâtiments résidentiels a été généré pour tester une méthode de clustering. Il est constitué de géométries diverses (forme et taille) qui permettent d'identifier différentes morphologies types. Les attributs des bâtiments utilisés pour le clustering sont séparés en deux parties : l'espace de décision des attributs descriptifs, et l'espace objectif des performances énergétiques. La méthode de clustering qui est développée cherche à satisfaire le critère d'homogénéité dans les deux espaces. L'interaction entre deux espaces a été réalisée par la réduction de la dimension utilisant LDA et l'auto-supervision utilisant l'indice de Rand ajusté (ARI). L'analyse des résultats permet de valider l'approche de la méthode. Les clusters de bâtiments obtenus sont plus ou moins éloignés des typologies traditionnelles.

Published
2018

44. Large local lattice expansion in graphene adlayers grown on copper

Author

Hakim Arezki, Chaoyu Chen, Mohamed Boutchich, Young Hee Lee, Van Luan Nguyen, José Avila, Jiahong Shen, Marcin Mucha-Kruczynski, Maria C. Asensio, Fei Yao, Yue Chen, Synchrotron SOLEIL ( SSOLEIL ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Génie électrique et électronique de Paris ( GeePs ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -CentraleSupélec-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ), Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China., Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath, UK., Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering [Florida] ( ECE ), University of Florida [Gainesville], Department of Energy Science, Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Génie électrique et électronique de Paris (GeePs), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sungkyunkwan University [Suwon] (SKKU), Department of Mechanical Engineering [Hong Kong], The Hong Kong Polytechnic University [Hong Kong] (POLYU), Department of Materials Science [Fudan University], Fudan University [Shanghai], Department of Physics [Bath], University of Bath [Bath], and Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology [University of Bath]

Subjects
Materials science, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Crystal structure, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Lattice constant, law, Phase (matter), 0103 physical sciences, Monolayer, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], Graphene, Mechanical Engineering, Heterojunction, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Copper, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Chemical physics, Density functional theory, 0210 nano-technology, [ PHYS.COND ] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]
Abstract

International audience; Variations of the lattice parameter can significantly change the properties of a material, and, in particular, its electronic behaviour. In the case of graphene, however, variations of the lattice constant with respect to graphite have been limited to less than 2.5% due to its well-established high in-plane stiffness. Here, through systematic electronic and lattice structure studies, we report regions where the lattice constant of graphene monolayers grown on copper by chemical vapour deposition increases up to ~7.5% of its relaxed value. Density functional theory calculations confirm that this expanded phase is energetically metastable and driven by the enhanced interaction between the substrate and the graphene adlayer. We also prove that this phase possesses distinctive chemical and electronic properties. The inherent phase complexity of graphene grown on copper foils revealed in this study may inspire the investigation of possible metastable phases in other seemingly simple heterostructure systems.

Published
2018
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45. Automatic localization of signal sources in photon emission images for integrated circuit analysis

Author

Stéphane Binczak, Philippe Perdu, Samuel Chef, Anthony Boscaro, Sabir Jacquir, Kevin Sanchez, Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Laboratoire Electronique, Informatique et Image [UMR6306] (Le2i), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales ( CNES ), Laboratoire Electronique, Informatique et Image ( Le2i ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire d'Electronique, d'Informatique et d'Image [EA 7508] (Le2i), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Temasek life sciences laboratory [Singapore], National University of Singapore (NUS), and Temasek Laboratories

Subjects
Failure analysis, Computer science, 02 engineering and technology, Integrated circuit, Mathematical morphology, Signal, law.invention, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], law, Physics [Science], 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Median filter, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Photon Emission, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Very-large-scale integration, business.industry, Photon emission, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Pattern recognition, Chip, Thresholding, Local maxima, Microelectronics reliability, Signal Processing, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Light emission, Artificial intelligence, Microelectronics Reliability, business, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract

International audience; Defects localization is a key step in failure analysis of highly scaled complementary oxide semiconductor integrated circuits (ICs). It gives prior information on VLSI circuits and allows the designers to improve their diagnostic. Light emission techniques are efficient to localize defects in modern ICs. The identification of the emission spots is an essential step of the process because it shows where is located the electrical activity in the chip. Due to scaling, more and more emission nodes are located within the acquisition area so that large variations of emission intensity can exist. Thresholding techniques have been implemented, but they fail to provide an exhaustive localization. To overcome this problem, we introduce in this paper an automatic unsupervised process. It is based on a combination of median filtering, mathematical morphology and local maxima research. This new approach is evaluated and tested on 20 photon emission images (real and simulated). The final result is compared to an expert evaluation, and the detection quality is quantified.Keywords

Published
2018
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46. Zyggie: A Wireless Body Area Network platform for indoor positioning and motion tracking

Author

Pascal Scalart, Olivier Berder, Olivier Sentieys, Mickael Le Gentil, Arnaud Carer, Antoine Courtay, Algorithmes et architectures adaptatifs pour les systèmes sans-fils efficaces en énergie ( GRANIT ), ARCHITECTURE ( IRISA-D3 ), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires ( IRISA ), CentraleSupélec-Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -CentraleSupélec-Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires ( IRISA ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ), Energy Efficient Computing ArchItectures with Embedded Reconfigurable Resources ( CAIRN ), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -ARCHITECTURE ( IRISA_D3 ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes ( INSA Rennes ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire ( IMT Atlantique ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes ( INSA Rennes ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire ( IMT Atlantique ) -Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires ( IRISA ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes ( INSA Rennes ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ) -CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire ( IMT Atlantique ), Algorithmes et architectures adaptatifs pour les systèmes sans-fils efficaces en énergie (GRANIT), ARCHITECTURE (IRISA-D3), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Energy Efficient Computing ArchItectures with Embedded Reconfigurable Resources (CAIRN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-ARCHITECTURE (IRISA-D3), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), CentraleSupélec-Télécom Bretagne-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Télécom Bretagne-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)

Subjects
Computer science, Orientation (computer vision), business.industry, Real-time computing, Ultra-wideband, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 020207 software engineering, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Match moving, Inertial measurement unit, Body area network, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Global Positioning System, business
Abstract

International audience; Nowadays, there is a high demand for human and/or objects monitoring/localizing in the context of applications like Building Information Modeling (BIM), automated drone missions, contextual visits of museum or sports monitoring for instance. While for outdoor positioning accurate and robust solutions (i.e. GPS) exist for many years, indoor positioning is still very challenging. There is also a need of gesture/motion tracking systems that could replace video solutions. We propose in this paper a hardware/software platform named Zyggie that combines both Ultra Wide Band (UWB) technology and Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) for low power accurate indoor positioning and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) utilization for motion tracking. Very few industrial/academic existing solutions can simultaneously perform indoor positioning and motion tracking and none of them can do both under low power, low cost and compacity constraints addressed by our platform. As Zyggie has the capability to estimate distances w.r.t other platforms in the environment and quaternions (which represents the attitude/orientation) users can test/enhance state of the art algorithms for positioning and motion tracking applications.

Published
2018
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47. Probabilistic models and sampling on manifolds

Author

Roger Ghanem, Christian Soize, University of Southern California (USC), Laboratoire de Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle (MSME), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Southern California ( USC ), Laboratoire de Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle ( MSME ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée ( UPEM ), and Soize, Christian

Subjects
UQ, [MATH.MATH-PR] Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], Probabilisting learning, [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], nonconvex optimization under uncertainties, uncertianty quantification, manifolds, [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], machine learning, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], data-driven, [ MATH.MATH-ST ] Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], [MATH.MATH-ST] Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], [ MATH.MATH-PR ] Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR]
Abstract

International audience; We present a new approach for sampling probability models supported on a manifold. The manifold is characterized through its manifold diffusion subspace, the probability model is constructed using kernel density estimation and sampling is carried out using a Ito equation projected on the manifold. The procedure serves a number of objectives that are ubiquitous in uncertainty quantification. First, by acknowledging an intrinsic structure discovered from numerically generated simulations, their scatter associated with parametric variations is considerably smaller than viewed in an ambient space. Fewer may thus be required to achieve similar statistical precision. This capability is even more significant for OUU problems where the stochastic simulator is integrated into an optimization loop. We demonstrate this capability on high-dimensional UQ problems with very expensive forward simulators. Second, the projected Ito provides an accurate probabilistic surrogate for large high-dimensional datasets.

Published
2018

48. The robustness of the tour planning face to risks of road freight transport

Author

Clément , Antoine, Kamissoko , Daouda, Marmier , François, Gourc , Didier, Centre Génie Industriel ( CGI ), and IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux ( IMT Mines Albi )

Subjects
[ SPI.OTHER ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

49. Data-driven probabilistic learning on manifolds

Author

Christian Soize, Roger Ghanem, Laboratoire de Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle (MSME), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), University of Southern California (USC), Soize, Christian, Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle ( MSME ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée ( UPEM ), and University of Southern California ( USC )

Subjects
[MATH.MATH-PR] Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], Probabilistic learning, [ SPI.MECA ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph], [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], nonconvex optimization, [SPI.MECA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph], [SPI.MECA] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph], manifolds, [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], machine learning, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], data-driven, [ MATH.MATH-ST ] Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], [ MATH.MATH-PR ] Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], [MATH.MATH-ST] Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST]
Abstract

International audience; A novel methodology (Soize & Ghanem, JCP 2016} allows for generating realizations of a vector-valued random variable X whose probability distribution is unknown. The solely available information is a given dataset of independent realizations of X, represented by a matrix. The probabilistic learning methodology proposed is based (1) on the construction of a diffusion-maps basis (Coifman 2005) , which allows for characterizing the local geometry structure of data set; (2) on the construction of a Reduced Itô Stochastic Differential Equation (R-ISDE) whose invariant measure is constructed as the projection of the ISDE on the diffusion maps basis, associated with a dissipative Hamiltonian dynamical system (Soize 2008, Soize & Ghanem, JCP 2016) for which the invariant measure is given and estimated with the dataset. The MCMC generator of realizations is given by solving the R-ISDE with a Stormer-Verlet algorithm and we then show (Soize and Ghanem, JCP 2017}) how a polynomial chaos representation of databases can be constructed. The method is robust and remains efficient for high dimension and large datasets. Based on such a methodology and introducing an additional formulation (based on nonparametric statistics) for the computation of conditional mathematical expectations, we present a novel methodology (Ghanem & Soize, IJNME 2017) for constructing the solution of probabilistic nonconvex constrained optimization problems under uncertainties, using only a fixed small number of function evaluations and probabilistic learning. Such a methodology brings together novel ideas to tackle an outstanding challenge in nonconvex optimization under uncertainties. Several examples are presented to highlight different aspects of the proposed probabilistic learning methodology, in particular for analyzing geophysics, and for complex flows in CFD.

Published
2018

50. Comparison of five one-step reconstruction algorithms for spectral CT

Author

Salim Si-Mohamed, Bruno Sixou, Simon Rit, Cyril Mory, Loic Boussel, 4 - Imagerie Tomographique et Radiothérapie, Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé ( CREATIS ), Hospices Civils de Lyon ( HCL ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Hospices Civils de Lyon ( HCL ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ), Service de Radiologie et IRM [CHU Lyon], Hospices Civils de Lyon ( HCL ), This work was performed within the framework of the EU’s H2020 research and innovation program under the grant agreement No. 633937, the SIRIC LYric Grant INCa-DGOS-4664, and the LABEX PRIMES (ANR-11-LABX-0063) of Université de Lyon, within the program 'Investissements d’Avenir' (ANR-11-IDEX-0007) operated by the ANR., ANR-11-IDEX-0007-02/11-LABX-0063,PRIMES,Physique, Radiobiologie, Imagerie Médicale et Simulation ( 2011 ), ANR-11-IDEX-0007-02/11-IDEX-0007,Avenir L.S.E.,Avenir L.S.E. ( 2011 ), Imagerie Tomographique et Radiothérapie, Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé (CREATIS), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Imagerie et modélisation Vasculaires, Thoraciques et Cérébrales (MOTIVATE), ANR-11-LABX-0063,PRIMES,Physique, Radiobiologie, Imagerie Médicale et Simulation(2011), ANR-11-IDEX-0007,Avenir L.S.E.,PROJET AVENIR LYON SAINT-ETIENNE(2012), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Hospices Civils de Lyon ( HCL ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)

Subjects
Photons, Tomographic reconstruction, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, Phantoms, Imaging, Computer science, Bayes Theorem, [ SPI.SIGNAL ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Photon counting, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Quadratic equation, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Algorithm, Algorithms
Abstract

Over the last decade, dual-energy CT scanners have gone from prototypes to clinically available machines, and spectral photon counting CT scanners are following. They require a specific reconstruction process, consisting of two steps: material decomposition and tomographic reconstruction. Image-based methods perform reconstruction, then decomposition, while projection-based methods perform decomposition first, and then reconstruction. As an alternative, 'one-step inversion' methods have been proposed, which perform decomposition and reconstruction simultaneously. Unfortunately, one-step methods are typically slower than their two-step counterparts, and in most CT applications, reconstruction time is critical. This paper therefore proposes to compare the convergence speeds of five one-step algorithms. We adapted all these algorithms to solve the same problem: spectral photon-counting CT reconstruction from five energy bins, using a three materials decomposition basis and spatial regularization. The paper compares a Bayesian method which uses non-linear conjugate gradient for minimization (Cai et al 2013 Med. Phys. 40 111916-31), three methods based on quadratic surrogates (Long and Fessler 2014 IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 33 1614-26, Weidinger et al 2016 Int. J. Biomed. Imaging 2016 1-15, Mechlem et al 2018 IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 37 68-80), and a primal-dual method based on MOCCA, a modified Chambolle-Pock algorithm (Barber et al 2016 Phys. Med. Biol. 61 3784). Some of these methods have been accelerated by using μ-preconditioning, i.e. by performing all internal computations not with the actual materials the object is made of, but with carefully chosen linear combinations of those. In this paper, we also evaluated the impact of three different μ-preconditioners on convergence speed. Our experiments on simulated data revealed vast differences in the number of iterations required to reach a common image quality objective: Mechlem et al (2018 IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 37 68-80) needed ten iterations, Cai et al (2013 Med. Phys. 40 111916-31), Long and Fessler (2014 IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 33 1614-26) and Weidinger et al (2016 Int. J. Biomed. Imaging 2016 1-15) several hundreds, and Barber et al (2016 Phys. Med. Biol. 61 3784) several thousands. We also sum up other practical aspects, like memory footprint and the need to tune extra parameters.

Published
2018
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