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3,594 results on '"[ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio]"'

1. Qualités des viandes : influences des caractéristiques des animaux et de leurs conditions d'élevage

Author: Hélène Alami-Durante, Florence Lefèvre, Françoise Médale, Sophie Prache, Cécile Berri, Geneviève Corraze, Brigitte Picard, Dominique Bauchart, Bénédicte Lebret, Justine Faure, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Recherches Avicoles (SRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Nutrition, Aquaculture et Génomique (NUAGE), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] ( PEGASE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Recherches Avicoles ( SRA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons ( LPGP ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Nutrition, Aquaculture et Génomique ( NUAGE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), Brigitte Picard, and Bénédicte Lebret
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, condition d'élevage, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], composition de la carcasse, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], qualité sensorielle, 0402 animal and dairy science, système d'élevage, qualité de la viande, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, filière, 040401 food science, 040201 dairy & animal science, qualité technologique, qualité nutritionnelle, 0404 agricultural biotechnology
Abstract: Cette synthèse présente l’influence des caractéristiques des animaux et de leurs conditions d’élevage sur les qualités des viandes et des chairs des principales espèces animales d’élevage (porc, bovins, ovins, poulets, poissons). Les dimensions intrinsèques (composition des carcasses, qualités sensorielle, nutritionnelle et technologique) et extrinsèques (interactions entre productions animales et environnement, bien-être des animaux, origine des produits, authenticité des pratiques de production…) de la qualité des produits sont considérées. Dans toutes les espèces, le type génétique et la conduite alimentaire sont les principaux déterminants de la composition des carcasses. La nature de l’alimentation des animaux constitue le principal levier pour moduler la qualité nutritionnelle, toutefois le niveau d’enrichissement des viandes et chairs en acides gras, minéraux ou vitamines favorables à la santé humaine varie selon les espèces. Pour une espèce donnée, les caractéristiques des animaux, leurs conditions d’élevage et d’abattage interagissent pour déterminer les propriétés (teneurs en lipides, glycogène, myoglobine…) et le métabolisme péri et post-mortem des muscles, et consécutivement la qualité sensorielle des viandes ou chairs et de leurs produits. A l’inverse, la qualité technologique, composante importante dans les filières porc, poulet et poisson résulte essentiellement du type génétique et des conditions d’abattage des animaux et de transformation des viandes. Dans les différentes filières animales, les qualités extrinsèques des produits font partie intégrante de certaines démarches collectives ou privées et sont garanties aux consommateurs au travers des signes officiels de qualité. Elles visent à améliorer les interactions favorables entre les productions animales et l’environnement et/ou le bien-être des animaux, garantir l’origine des produits et/ou valoriser l’authenticité des méthodes de production et de transformation. Différents exemples sont développés pour illustrer la prise en compte par les acteurs des filières de cette demande croissante des consommateurs et plus largement des citoyens envers leur alimentation., This review describes the influences of the characteristics of animals and their rearing conditions on the quality of meat and flesh in the main livestock species (pig, cattle, sheep, poultry, fish). Both the intrinsic (carcass composition and sensory, nutritional and technological qualities) and extrinsic (interactions between animal production and the environment, animal welfare, origin of products, authenticity of production practices…) dimensions of quality of meat and flesh products are considered. In all animal species, the genotype and feeding practices are the main factors determining carcass composition. Feed composition is the main factor modulating nutritional quality, even though the enrichment level of meat or flesh with fatty acids, minerals or vitamins favorable for human health depends on the species considered. Within species, interactions between the characteristics of animals and their rearing and slaughtering conditions determine the properties (intramuscular fat, glycogen, myoglobin contents…) and peri and postmortem metabolism of muscles and, consequently, the sensory quality of meat or flesh and their products. Conversely, the technological quality of meat, which is important especially for pig, poultry and fish mainly results from the animal genotype and the slaughtering and processing techniques. In all meat animal chains, some productions are differentiated on claims on extrinsic qualities of products and are guaranteed to consumers by official quality schemes. They aim at improving the positive interactions between animal production and environment and/or animal welfare, or guaranteeing products origin or authenticity of production and processing methods. Some examples are described to underline the awareness of meat chain actors about the increasing demand from consumers and more generally citizens towards their diet.
Published: 2020

2. Les principales composantes de la qualité des carcasses et des viandes dans les différentes espèces animales

Author: Brigitte Picard, Bénédicte Lebret, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] ( PEGASE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Brigitte Picard, Bénédicte Lebret, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], muscle, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], qualité sensorielle, 0402 animal and dairy science, qualité de la viande, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 040401 food science, 040201 dairy & animal science, système d'élevage durable, qualité technologique, qualité nutritionnelle, 0404 agricultural biotechnology
Abstract: La viande et la chair de poisson constituent une source essentielle de protéines, de vitamines et de micronutriments pour l’alimentation humaine. Les produits carnés représentent une activité économique importante au niveau mondial ; le niveau et l’évolution de leur consommation varient fortement selon les espèces et les zones géographiques. Le volume des productions doit répondre à l’accroissement de la population mondiale, tout en considérant les composantes environnementales, sociétales et économiques du développement durable. Cet article constitue une introduction générale au numéro spécial « Le muscle et la viande ». Il définit les principales composantes de qualité des carcasses, de la viande ou de la chair communes aux différentes espèces animales. Dans les articles suivants les principales filières (bovin, ovin, porc, poulet, poisson) sont présentées : production, consommation, problèmes de qualité spécifiques et attentes des acteurs, enjeux et questions de recherche prioritaires., Meat and fish flesh are important suppliers of proteins, vitamins and micronutrients in the human diet. Meat and fish products play an important economic role at the world level. The level and evolution of consumption highly differs according to species and geographical areas. Production level needs to fulfill the increasing population worldwide, while considering the environmental, societal and economic components of sustainable development. This manuscript presents a general introduction of the main common quality components of carcasses, meat and fish flesh. In the next papers, each main meat/flesh chain (cattle, sheep, pork, poultry and fish), is described: production, consumption, specific meat quality components and expectations of chain actors, main issues and research topics.
Published: 2020

3. Dynamics of one-fold symmetric patches for the aggregation equation and collapse to singular measure

Author: Dong Li, Taoufik Hmidi, Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes ( IRMAR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST-École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Rennes 2 ( UR2 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Hong Kong University of Science and Technology ( HKUST ), Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)
Subjects: concentration, aggregation equations, Fold (higher-order function), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Collapse (topology), 35Q92, Disjoint sets, 01 natural sciences, Graph model, vortex patches, Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, [ MATH.MATH-AP ] Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], 0103 physical sciences, FOS: Mathematics, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], 0101 mathematics, Mathematics, Numerical Analysis, 35B44, Newtonian potential, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Applied Mathematics, 010102 general mathematics, Dynamics (mechanics), Mathematical analysis, 35A07, Singular measure, Graph (abstract data type), 010307 mathematical physics, Analysis, Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
Abstract: We are concerned with the dynamics of one fold symmetric patches for the two-dimensional aggregation equation associated to the Newtonian potential. We reformulate a suitable graph model and prove a local well-posedness result in sub-critical and critical spaces. The global existence is obtained only for small initial data using a weak damping property hidden in the velocity terms. This allows to analyze the concentration phenomenon of the aggregation patches near the blow up time. In particular, we prove that the patch collapses to a collection of disjoint segments and we provide a description of the singular measure through a careful study of the asymptotic behavior of the graph., Comment: 59 pages
Published: 2019

4. Sustainability of anaesthesia components of an enhanced recovery program (ERP) in colorectal and orthopaedics surgery

Author: Hélène Beloeil, Karem Slim, Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Nutrition, Métabolismes et Cancer (NuMeCan), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] ( CIC ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Nutrition, Métabolismes et Cancer ( NuMeCan ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Orthopaedics surgery, Hypothermia, [SDV.MHEP.CHI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Surgery, Audit, 030230 surgery, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Patient Readmission, Statistics, Nonparametric, Catheterization, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Enhanced recovery, Colorectal surgery, Statistical significance, Preoperative Care, medicine, Humans, Anesthesia, Orthopedic Procedures, 030212 general & internal medicine, Intraoperative Complications, Digestive System Surgical Procedures, Retrospective Studies, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], business.industry, Fasting, General Medicine, Length of Stay, Readmission rate, Intraoperative hypothermia, 3. Good health, Surgery, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Sustainability, Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting, Orthopedic surgery, Fluid Therapy, Preoperative fasting, Enhanced Recovery After Surgery, business, ERP, Program Evaluation
Abstract: Background Sustainability of ERP is a challenge and data are scarce on the subject. The aim of this study was to assess if application of enhanced recovery elements through the Francophone Group of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (Grace) in the anaesthesia management was sustainable 2 years after its implementation. Materials and methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of the prospective Grace database between October 2014 and October 2016. The evolution of each recommendation item over time was analysed using non-parametric Spearman correlation coefficient. Results A total of 67 and 43 centres corresponding to 2067 and 3022 patients participated to the Grace audit in colorectal and orthopaedics surgery, respectively. Colorectal surgery: Mean length of stay was 5 (± 4) days and readmission rate was 6.6%. Application of most items did not statistically change. It worsened over time for PONV prophylaxis (P = 0.01) and prevention of intraoperative hypothermia (P = 0.02); and improved for NSAID administration (P = 0.01). Orthopaedics surgery: Mean length of stay was 3 (± 2) days and readmission rate was 1.7%. There was a trend towards improvement for most items. It reached statistical significance for PONV prophylaxis (P = 0.001), limited preoperative fasting (P = 0.01). While the use of a perineural catheter (P = 0.001) decreased over time, infiltration of the surgical site statistically increased (P = 0.05). Conclusion This study shows on a large scale a trend towards less application of all ERP items over time. Continuous audits should be encouraged to expect further improvements.
Published: 2019

5. Longer procoagulant phospholipid-dependent clotting time, lower endogenous thrombin potential and higher tissue factor pathway inhibitor concentrations are associated with increased VTE occurrence in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: results of the prospective ROADMAP-MM-CAT study

Author: Despina Fotiou, Maria Gavriatopoulou, Kimon Stamatelopoulos, Efstathios Kastritis, Rabiatou Sangare, Grigoris T. Gerotziafas, Theodoros N. Sergentanis, Meletios A. Dimopoulos, Theodora Psaltopoulou, Stella Salta, Loula Papageorgiou, Patrick Van Dreden, Annette K. Larsen, Ismail Elalamy, Evangelos Terpos, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine ( CR Saint-Antoine ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Sorbonne Université, CHU Tenon [APHP], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), Department of Clinical Therapeutics [Athens, Greece], National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Département de recherche clinique [Gennevilliers], Diagnostica Stago [Gennevilliers], HAL UPMC, Gestionnaire, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Lipoproteins, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Gastroenterology, lcsh:RC254-282, Article, [ SDV.CAN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Tissue factor pathway inhibitor, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Internal medicine, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, medicine, Odds Ratio, Distribution (pharmacology), Humans, Thrombophilia, cardiovascular diseases, Blood Coagulation, Multiple myeloma, Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Aged, 80 and over, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], business.industry, Thrombin, Hematology, Odds ratio, Venous Thromboembolism, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, 3. Good health, Endothelial stem cell, Oncology, Clotting time, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, Complication, business, Risk assessment, Multiple Myeloma, Biomarkers
Abstract: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication in newly diagnosed symptomatic multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients. We explored cellular and plasma hypercoagulability in NDMM patients to identify relevant biomarkers that can be used in combination with clinical factors in the development of a risk assessment model (RAM) for VTE. Untreated patients (n = 144) with NDMM were prospectively enrolled, baseline biomarkers prior to anti-myeloma treatment and thromboprophylaxis initiation were obtained. These were compared against values in a group of healthy individuals with similar age and sex distribution. The primary study end point was symptomatic VTE occurrence. At 12-month follow-up cumulative VTE rate was 10.4%. NDMM patients showed biological signs of cellular and plasma hypercoagulability and endothelial cell activation. Procoagulant phospholipid clotting time (Procoagulant-PPL) was shorter, P-selectin levels lower and thrombin generation attenuated overall compared to healthy subjects. Longer Procoag-PPL®, lower endogenous thrombin potential (ETP), and higher levels of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) were associated with VTE occurrence. Multivariate analysis showed that Procoag-PPL® and ETP were independent risk factors for VTE. We conclude that Procoag-PPL® and ETP can be prospectively incorporated into a RAM for VTE in MM in combination with clinical and disease risk factors.
Published: 2018

6. Adding worms during composting of organic waste with red mud and fly ash reduces CO2 emissions and increases plant available nutrient contents

Author: Nanthi Bolan, Cornelia Rumpel, Justine Barthod, Marie-France Dignac, María de la Luz Mora, Marcela Calabi-Floody, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Salazar, Universidad de la Frontera (UFRO), Global Centre for Environmental Research (GCER), University of Newcastle (UoN), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris ( IEES ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Universidad de la Frontera ( UFRO ), University of Newcastle ( UoN ), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes ( ECOSYS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, and Université Paris Saclay
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Vermicomposting, Biomass, Fly ash, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, engineering.material, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, Nutrient, parasitic diseases, Waste Management and Disposal, Red mud, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Compost, Composting, fungi, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, Biodegradable waste, Pulp and paper industry, Carbon, 6. Clean water, Soil conditioner, 13. Climate action, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, engineering, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Vermicompost
Abstract: Alkaline industrial wastes such as red mud and fly ash are produced in large quantities. They may be recycled as bulking agent during composting and vermicomposting, converting organic waste into soil amendments or plant growth media. The aim of this study was to assess the microbial parameters, greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient availability during composting and vermicomposting of household waste with red mud and fly ash 15% (dry weight). CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions were monitored during 6 months in controlled laboratory conditions and microbial biomass and phospholipid acids, N and P availability were analysed in the end-products. Higher CO2 emissions were observed during vermicomposting compared to composting. These emissions were decreased by red mud addition, while fly ash had no effect. Nitrate (NO3-N) content of the end-products were more affected by worms than by alkaline materials, while higher ammonium (NH4-N) contents were recorded for composts than vermicomposts. Red mud vermicompost showed higher soluble P proportion than red mud compost, suggesting that worm presence can counterbalance P adsorption to the inorganic matrix. Final composts produced with red mud showed no harmful heavy metal concentrations. Adding worms during composting thus improved the product nutrient availability and did not increase metal toxicity. From a practical point of view, this study suggests that for carbon stabilisation and end-product quality, the addition of red mud during composting should be accompanied by worm addition to counterbalance negative effects on nutrient availability.
Published: 2018

7. Expectations and boundaries for Big Data approaches in social medicine

Author: Chloé Dimeglio, Thierry Lang, Michelle Kelly-Irving, Cyrille Delpierre, Epidémiologie et analyses en santé publique : risques, maladies chroniques et handicaps (LEASP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 ( IMT ), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole ( UT1 ) -Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès ( UT2J ) -Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-PRES Université de Toulouse-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Epidémiologie et analyses en santé publique : risques, maladies chroniques et handicaps, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM )
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Sine qua non, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Social Medicine, Big data, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Social medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Social determinants of health, Objectivity (science), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Curative care, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], business.industry, Forensic Sciences, General Medicine, Viewpoints, Data science, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Databases as Topic, Public Health, Psychology, business, Law, Social psychology, Know-how, Medical Informatics
Abstract: It seems no longer possible to produce knowledge, even biological knowledge regardless of social, cultural and economic environments in which they were observed. Therefore never the term “social medicine” or more generally “social biology” has appeared more appropriate. This way of linking the social and the biological exceeds the sole social medicine by involving also other medical disciplines. As such, forensics, whose an important activity is represented by clinical forensics in charge of types of violence (physical, psychological, sexual, abuse) and persons held in custody could see its practice heavily modified through the use of various data describing both the clinical situation of patients but also their context of life. A better understanding of mechanisms of violence development and potentially a better prevention of these situations allow forensics not to be restricted (or seen as limited to) a “descriptive medicine”, but to be seen also as a preventive and curative medicine. In this evolution, the potential contribution of Big Data appears significant insofar as information on a wide range of characteristics of the environment or context of life (social, economic, cultural) can be collected and be connected with health data, for example to develop models on social determinants of health. In the common thinking, the use of a larger amount of data and consequently a multiplicity of information via a multiplicity of databases would allow to access to a greater objectivity of a reality that we are approaching by fragmented viewpoints otherwise. In this light, the “bigger” and “more varied” would serve the “better” or at least the “more true”. But to be able to consider together or to link different databases it will be necessary to know how to handle this diversity regarding hypotheses made to build databases and regarding their purposes (by whom, for what bases have been made). It will be equally important to question the representativeness of situations that led to the creation of a database and to question the validity of information and data according to the secondary or tertiary uses anticipated from their original purpose. This step of data validity control for the anticipated use is a sine qua non condition, particularly in the field of public health, to guarantee a sufficient level of quality and exploit in the best way the benefits of Big Data approaches.
Published: 2018

8. Étude prospective des filières viande de ruminants du Massif central à l’horizon 2050

Author: Michel Lherm, Xavier Poux, Antoine Cerles, Jacques Agabriel, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), AScA, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, cget Massif central, Jacques Agabriel, Gilles Renand, René Baumont, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], 13. Climate action, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], étude prospective, ruminant, filière viande, 15. Life on land, massif central
Abstract: This foresight study describes five 2050 contrasting scenarios of possible futures for ruminant meat sectors of the Massif central areain order to help its economic players to adapt and to anticipate. The study deals with the present recurring questions of meat productionsystems sustainability, according to the risks of a drop in individual meat consumption, global warming, age structure of farmers, andthe high level in subsidies. The five scenarios were constructed thanks to a collective expert research approach, with regards to theissues identified by the Massif’s stakeholders. With its own coherence and rationale, each scenario highlights possible consequenceson production, jobs and labor, environmental assessment and land uses. These were estimated by an original approach combiningexpertise, literature review and modeling. An adapted grassland management and the establishment of a meat quality guaranty arethe key sensitive issues in all five scenarios. The cross-analysis of these contrasting results also shows what stake-holders could do inorder to seize upcoming opportunities.; La baisse de la consommation individuelle de viande, le réchauffement climatique, le vieillissement de la population d’éleveurs, et laforte dépendance des élevages aux aides publiques, sont autant de facteurs de risques pour l’avenir des filières viandes de ruminantsdu Massif central. Cette étude prospective décrit cinq scénarios plus ou moins favorables de leurs futurs possibles à l’horizon 2050.Elle a été réalisée pour que les acteurs les anticipent et mettent en oeuvre des stratégies d’évolution adaptées. Les cinq scénarios résultentde logiques d’évolutions très contrastées. Ils ont été construits par un collectif impliquant vingt experts dont les compétences couvraientles enjeux identifiés par les acteurs économiques et territoriaux du Massif (les porteurs d’enjeux). Les variables qui modifient l’évolutionde ces enjeux ont été organisées en déterminants, dont chaque modalité a été décrite précisément puis combinée pour étayer les cinqfuturs. Chacun illustre ainsi des logiques cohérentes de fonctionnement et des utilisations du territoire bien contrastées. Leursconséquences ont été quantifiées par une démarche originale alliant expertise, analyse bibliographique et modélisation en s’appuyant surdes indicateurs de production, d’emploi et de bilan environnemental. La gestion adaptée et raisonnée des prairies et la garantie de laqualité des produits viande sont des points sensibles et incontournables dans tous les scénarios. L’analyse transversale des résultatscontrastés montre également que des opportunités peuvent se révéler intéressantes pour l’avenir. Elles seront à saisir par les partenairesdes filières et à faire émerger avec le concours des différents collectifs d’acteurs du territoire « Massif central ».
Published: 2018

9. Correlative live and super-resolution imaging reveals the dynamic structure of replication domains

Author: Jean-Karim Hériché, Jan Ellenberg, Wanqing Xiang, Stephanie Alexander, Sébastien Huet, M. Julia Roberti, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), U01 EB021223, EB, NIBIB NIH HHS, United States, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes ( IGDR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )
Subjects: DNA Replication, 0301 basic medicine, Correlative, In situ, DNA repair, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Computational biology, Biology, Models, Biological, Article, Cell Line, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Gene mapping, medicine, Animals, natural sciences, Research Articles, 030304 developmental biology, Fluorescent Dyes, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Microscopy, Confocal, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Staining and Labeling, 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, technology, industry, and agriculture, DNA replication, Correction, Chromosome, DNA, Cell Biology, Rats, 3. Good health, Chromatin, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Nucleus
Abstract: Combining fluorescence labeling with live-cell confocal and correlative super-resolution microscopy, Xiang et al. characterize biophysical parameters defining the internal organization, spacing, and mechanical coupling of replication domains., Chromosome organization in higher eukaryotes controls gene expression, DNA replication, and DNA repair. Genome mapping has revealed the functional units of chromatin at the submegabase scale as self-interacting regions called topologically associating domains (TADs) and showed they correspond to replication domains (RDs). A quantitative structural and dynamic description of RD behavior in the nucleus is, however, missing because visualization of dynamic subdiffraction-sized RDs remains challenging. Using fluorescence labeling of RDs combined with correlative live and super-resolution microscopy in situ, we determined biophysical parameters to characterize the internal organization, spacing, and mechanical coupling of RDs. We found that RDs are typically 150 nm in size and contain four co-replicating regions spaced 60 nm apart. Spatially neighboring RDs are spaced 300 nm apart and connected by highly flexible linker regions that couple their motion only
Published: 2018

10. Mixed-Effects Estimation in Dynamic Models of Plant Growth for the Assessment of Inter-individual Variability

Author: Alexandra Jullien, Paul-Henry Cournède, Charlotte Baey, Samis Trevezas, Amélie Mathieu, Laboratoire Paul Painlevé - UMR 8524 (LPP), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens = University of Athens (NKUA | UoA), Mathématiques et Informatique pour la Complexité et les Systèmes (MICS), CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire Paul Painlevé (LPP), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Laboratoire Paul Painlevé - UMR 8524 ( LPP ), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes ( ECOSYS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, Department of Mathematics, Section of Statistics and Operations Research, Panepistemioupolis National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, and Mathématiques et Informatique pour la Complexité et les Systèmes ( MICS )
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Statistics and Probability, MCMC, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, SAEM algorithm, Inter-individual variability, Stochastic approximation, 01 natural sciences, Stability (probability), 010104 statistics & probability, symbols.namesake, Statistics, Expectation–maximization algorithm, Nonlinear mixed model, nlme, 0101 mathematics, education, GreenLab model, General Environmental Science, Mathematics, education.field_of_study, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Estimation theory, Applied Mathematics, Brassica napus, Markov chain Monte Carlo, Random effects model, Winter oilseed rape, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Population model, symbols, WOSR, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Modeling inter-individual variability in plant populations is a key issue to understand crop heterogeneity and its variations in response to the environment. Being able to describe the interactions among plants and explain the variability observed in the population could provide useful information on how to control it and improve global plant growth. We propose here a method to model plant variability within a field, by extending the so-called GreenLab functional-structural plant model from the individual to the population scale via nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. Parameter estimation of the population model is achieved using the stochastic approximation expectation maximization algorithm, implemented in the platform for plant growth modeling and analysis PyGMAlion. The method is first applied on a set of simulated data and then on a real dataset from a population of 34 winter oilseed rape plants at the rosette stage. Results show that our method allows for a good characterization of the variability in the population with only a limited number of parameters, which is a key point for plant models. Results on simulated data show that parameters associated with a low sensitivity index are inaccurately estimated by the algorithm when considered as random effects, but a good stability of the results can be obtained by considering them as fixed effects. These results open new ways for the analysis of inter-plant variability within a population and the study of plant–plant competition.Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear online.
Published: 2018

11. Diabetes at the time of rheumatoid arthritis diagnosis is an independent predictor of pejorative outcomes: Data from the early arthritis ESPOIR cohort

Author: Jacques Morel, Alain Saraux, Francis Berenbaum, Jean-Pierre Daurès, Jérémie Sellam, Bruno Fautrel, Claire Daien, Bernard Combe, Nathalie Rincheval, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Service d'immuno-rhumatologie[Montpellier], Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Hôpital Lapeyronie, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de rhumatologie [CHU Saint-Antoine], CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Aide à la Décision pour une Médecine Personnalisé - Laboratoire de Biostatistique, Epidémiologie et Recherche Clinique - EA 2415 (AIDMP), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Service de rhumatologie [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière] (GRC-08 EEMOIS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Lymphocyte B et Auto-immunité (LBAI), Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHRU Brest - Service de Rhumatologie (CHU - BREST - Rhumato), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Immunologie et Pathologie (EA 2216), CIC Brest, Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier ( IGMM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine ( CR Saint-Antoine ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Hôpital Lapeyronie [Montpellier] ( CHU ), Service de Rhumatologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Lymphocyte B et Auto-immunité ( LBAI ), Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Centre National de Référence CERAINO, Service de Rhumatologie ( Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest ( CHRU Brest ), CIC - Montpellier, Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Département de Rhumatologie[Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] ( CHRU Montpellier ) -Hôpital Lapeyronie, Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), and Université de Brest (UBO)
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Outcomes, Independent predictor, Early rheumatoid arthritis, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Rheumatology, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Diabetes Mellitus, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], business.industry, Diabetes, Pejorative, Middle Aged, [SDV.MHEP.EM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Radiography, Early Diagnosis, Glucose, [SDV.MHEP.RSOA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Rhumatology and musculoskeletal system, Rheumatoid arthritis, Cohort, Disease Progression, Female, business, Early arthritis
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

12. Autosomal and Mitochondrial Adaptation Following Admixture: A Case Study on the Honeybees of Reunion Island

Author: Wragg, David, Técher, Maéva Angélique, Canale-Tabet, Kamila, Basso, Benjamin, Bidanel, Jean Pierre, Labarthe, Emmanuelle, Bouchez, Olivier, Le Conte, Yves, Clémencet, Johanna, Delatte, Hélène, Vignal, Alain, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Université de La Réunion (UR), Ecology and Evolution Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST), Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, UMT Prade, Institut Technique et Scientifique de l'Apiculture et de la Pollinisation (ITSAP-Institut de l'Abeille), Association de Coordination Technique Agricole (ACTA), Association pour le Développement de l'Apiculture Provençale (ADAPI), Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, GeT PlaGe, Genotoul, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Abeilles et Environnement (AE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Avignon Université (AU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), UR 406 Abeilles & Environnement, France AgriMer, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Toulouse (UT), The Roslin Institute, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), UMT Protection des abeilles dans l’environnement (UMT PrADE), Association pour le Developpement de l'Apiculture Provencale (ADAPI)-Institut de l'abeille (ITSAP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Terres Inovia-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Les instituts techniques agricoles (Acta), Association pour le Developpement de l'Apiculture Provencale (ADAPI), Génome et Transcriptome - Plateforme Génomique (GeT-PlaGe), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome (GET), Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), GenPhySE - UMR 1388 ( Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-ENVT, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse ( INPT ), Université de Toulouse, UMR PVBMT, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ), Université de la Réunion ( UR ), Institut Technique et Scientifique de l'Apiculture et de la Pollinisation ( ITSAP-Institut de l'Abeille ), Association de Coordination Technique Agricole, Association pour le Développement de l'Apiculture Provençale ( ADAPI ), Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative ( GABI ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Abeilles et Environnement ( AE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)
Subjects: Male, Acclimatization, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Genome, Insect, Évolution, adaptation, Apis mellifera mellifera, Génétique des populations, Apis mellifera scutellata, Marqueur génétique, insects, Introduction d'animaux, Genomics, Bees, Mitochondrie, Adaptation, Physiological, Mitochondria, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Female, Apis mellifera, Apis mellifera ligustica, Research Article, Zone tropicale, Apis mellifera carnica, Séquence nucléotidique, DNA, Mitochondrial, Molecular Evolution, genomics/proteomics, Genetics, Animals, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Adaptation, insect, molecular evolution, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Génome, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], L60 - Taxonomie et géographie animales, L10 - Génétique et amélioration des animaux, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Genome, Mitochondrial, Reunion
Abstract: The honeybee population of the tropical Reunion Island is a genetic admixture of the Apis mellifera unicolor subspecies, originally described in Madagascar, and of European subspecies, mainly A. m. carnica and A. m. ligustica , regularly imported to the island since the late 19th century. We took advantage of this population to study genetic admixing of the tropical-adapted indigenous and temperate-adapted European genetic backgrounds. Whole genome sequencing of 30 workers and 6 males from Reunion, compared with samples from Europe, Madagascar, Mauritius, Rodrigues, and the Seychelles, revealed the Reunion honeybee population to be composed on an average of 53.2 6 5.9% A. m. unicolor nuclear genomic background, the rest being mainly composed of A. m. carnica andtoalesserextent A. m. ligustica . In striking contrast to this, only 1 out of the 36 honeybees from Reunion had a mitochondrial genome of European origin, suggesting selection has favored the A. m. unicolor mitotype, which is possibly better adapted to the island’s bioclimate. Local ancestry was determined along the chromosomes for all Reunion samples, and a test for preferential selection for the A. m. unicolor or European background revealed 15 regions significantly associated with the A. m. unicolor lineage and 9 regions with the European lineage. Our results provide insights into the long- term consequences of introducing exotic specimen on the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of locally adapted populations
Published: 2017

13. What prospective scenarios for 2035 will be compatible with reduced impact of French beef and dairy farm on climate change?

Author: Claire Mosnier, Jacques Agabriel, Armelle Gac, Anne Duclos, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut de l'élevage (IDELE), ADEME 126000039, VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de l'Elevage, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), and VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA )
Subjects: Carbon tax, cattle farm, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], élevage bovin, bœuf, Climate change, 12. Responsible consumption, greenhouse gas emission, Agricultural science, cattle farming, Net income, greenhouse gases, Economics, Production (economics), gaz à effet de serre, bio-economic model, intensification, Productivity, global change, 2. Zero hunger, changement climatique, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], business.industry, Agroforestry, 0402 animal and dairy science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, prospective, 040201 dairy & animal science, ferme laitière, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, Greenhouse gas, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Organic farming, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Animal Science and Zoology, business, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract: The agricultural sector is being called upon to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). A scenario approach was developed to explore the plausible futures of the French bovine sector and their impact on climate change. These scenarios encompass a Business As Usual scenario (S1-BAU) and alternative contrasting scenarios: (S2) cattle production increase to meet a high global demand under a liberal policy, (S3) refocus on internal demand within France, with an upmarket move to ‘green’ products, (S4) committed public policy to reduce GHG emissions. This paper analyses how key drivers of these scenarios (e.g. subsidies on investment, reduction of market risks, carbon tax, limitation of concentrate feed in animal diets) affect the evolution of production, economics, and environmental impact on climate change of typical French suckler cow and dairy farms, by means of simulations performed with a bio-economic model. To adapt their farming systems to the scenarios, farms can opt for variably intensive/integrated practices per animal and per unit land area. Some technological progress in animal production, crop production, and farm equipment is also modeled. Results show that in S1-BAU, milk production, net income and impact on climate change of dairy farms rise. Beef production and impact on climate change decrease slightly in suckler cow farms. Impact on climate change per unit of product decreases owing to higher productivity per animal and to a more integrated management of crop production. Alternative scenarios underline that reorienting public support toward farm investment would further intensify dairy farms and increase their income, but would reduce production and income of suckler cow farms and favor crop production (S2). Climate change impact per unit of product is more strongly reduced in S3 (organic farming with low feed concentrate) than in S2, but with a reduced production, particularly for milk. A carbon tax decreases emissions, but to the detriment of cattle production, especially suckler cow farms.
Published: 2017

14. Is induction ability of seed germination of Phelipanche ramosa phylogenetically structured among hosts? A case study on Fabaceae species

Author: Valérie Le Corre, Fabrice Dessaint, Carole Reibel, Rémi Perronne, Stéphanie Gibot-Leclerc, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon (Génétique Végétale) (GQE-Le Moulon), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon (Génétique Végétale) ( GQE-Le Moulon ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Parasitic plant, Blomberg's K, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Plant Weeds, Germination, Phylogenetic signal, Plant Science, Pathovars, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Orobanchaceae, Species Specificity, Botany, Genetics, Lotus corniculatus, Phylogeny, 2. Zero hunger, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], biology, Phylogenetic tree, Host (biology), Branched broomrape, food and beverages, Fabaceae, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Pathovar, Insect Science, Seeds, Animal Science and Zoology, Weed, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Phelipanche ramosa is a major root-holoparasitic damaging weed characterized by a broad host range, including numerous Fabaceae species. In France, the agricultural threat posed by P. ramosa has increased over two decades due to the appearance of a genetically differentiated pathovar presenting a clear host specificity for oilseed rape. The new pathovar has led to a massive expansion of P. ramosa in oilseed rape fields. The germination rate of P. ramosa seeds is currently known to vary among P. ramosa pathovars and host species. However, only a few studies have investigated whether phylogenetic relatedness among potential host species is a predictor of the ability of these species to induce the seed germination of parasitic weeds by testing for phylogenetic signal. We focused on a set of 12 Fabaceae species and we assessed the rate of induction of seed germination by these species for two pathovars based on in vitro co-cultivation experiments. All Fabaceae species tested induced the germination of P. ramosa seeds. The germination rate of P. ramosa seeds varied between Fabaceae species and tribes studied, while pathovars appeared non-influential. Considering oilseed rape as a reference species, we also highlighted a significant phylogenetic signal. Phylogenetically related species therefore showed more similar rates of induction of seed germination than species drawn at random from a phylogenetic tree. In in vitro conditions, only Lotus corniculatus induced a significantly higher germination rate than oilseed rape, and could potentially be used as a catch crop after confirmation of these results under field conditions.
Published: 2017

15. Membrane-bound human orphan cytochrome P450 2U1: Sequence singularities, construction of a full 3D model, and substrate docking

Author: Nicolas Pietrancosta, Jean-Luc Boucher, Daniel Mansuy, Gabriella Jonasson, Lionel Ducassou, François André, Laura Dhers, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (LCBPT - UMR 8601), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie Physique D'Orsay (LCPO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille (IBDM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Systèmes glutamatergiques normaux et pathologiques = Normal and Pathologic Glutamatergic Neurons (NPS), Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Analyse, Interactions Moléculaires et Cellulaires (LBM-E2), Laboratoire des biomolécules (LBM UMR 7203), Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre (FR 2769), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Chimie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre (FR 2769), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric JOLIOT (JOLIOT), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), French 'Ministere de l'Education et de la Recherche', University Paris Descartes, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques ( LCBPT - UMR 8601 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Chimie Physique D'Orsay ( LCPO ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille ( IBDM ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule ( I2BC ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric JOLIOT ( JOLIOT ), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) ( DRF (CEA) ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, Stereochemistry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Biochemistry, Conserved sequence, Hydroxylation, Structure-Activity Relationship, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System, Humans, Cytochrome P450 Family 2, Heme, POPC, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, chemistry.chemical_classification, Arachidonic Acid, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], biology, Cytochrome P450, Membranes, Artificial, General Medicine, Amino acid, Molecular Docking Simulation, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Structural Homology, Protein, Docking (molecular), Helix, Phosphatidylcholines, biology.protein, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Background Human cytochrome P450 2U1 (CYP2U1) is an orphan CYP that exhibits several distinctive characteristics among the 57 human CYPs with a highly conserved sequence in almost all living organisms. Methods We compared its protein sequence with those of the 57 human CYPs and constructed a 3D structure of a full-length CYP2U1 model bound to a POPC membrane. We also performed docking experiments of arachidonic acid (AA) and N-arachidonoylserotonin (AS) in this model. Results The protein sequence of CYP2U1 displayed two unique characteristics when compared to those of the human CYPs, the presence of a longer N-terminal region upstream of the putative trans-membrane helix (TMH) containing 8 proline residues, and of an insert of about 20 amino acids containing 5 arginine residues between helices A′ and A. Its N-terminal part upstream of TMH involved an additional short terminal helix, in a manner similar to what was reported in the crystal structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CYP51. Our model also showed a specific interaction between the charged residues of insert AA′ and phosphate groups of lipid polar heads, suggesting a possible role of this insert in substrate recruitment. Docking of AA and AS in this model showed these substrates in channel 2ac, with the terminal alkyl chain of AA or the indole ring of AS close to the heme, in agreement with the reported CYP2U1-catalyzed AA and AS hydroxylation regioselectivities. Major conclusion and general significance This model should be useful to find new endogenous or exogenous CYP2U1 substrates and to interpret the regioselectivity of their hydroxylation.
Published: 2017

16. Human placenta expresses both peripheral and neuronal isoform of tryptophan hydroxylase

Author: J. Thomas Sanderson, Joey St-Pierre, Cathy Vaillancourt, Francine Côté, Laetitia Laurent, Kathy Deroy, Institut Armand Frappier (INRS-IAF), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), BioMed Research Centre [Montréal], Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IMAGINE - U1163), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR)-Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Armand Frappier ( INRS-IAF ), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] ( INRS ) -Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Institut Armand Frappier, Université du Québec à Montréal ( UQAM ), Centre de Recherche Biomed, UQÀM, Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques ( IMAGINE - U1163 ), and Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Serotonin, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Pregnancy Proteins, Tryptophan Hydroxylase, Biology, Biochemistry, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, Serotonin secretion, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, Syncytiotrophoblast, Pregnancy, Internal medicine, Placenta, Decidua, medicine, Animals, Humans, Cytotrophoblast, reproductive and urinary physiology, TPH1, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], TPH2, Trophoblast, General Medicine, Extravillous trophoblast, Trophoblasts, Cell biology, Isoenzymes, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, embryonic structures, Female
Abstract: International audience; The role of placental serotonin has been an active topic of research notably because of its crucial role in brain development. However, which cell types synthesize serotonin in human placenta remains unknown. Moreover, it is not known if the two tryptophan hydroxylase isoforms (TPH1 and TPH2), the rate-limiting enzymes in serotonin biosynthesis, are expressed in placenta. Human placentas were obtained in first trimester or at term, and trophoblast cells were isolated and purified using a magnetic cell sorter and placed in primary culture. The tissue sublocalization of each TPH was determined by immunohistochemistry. TPH expression in primary villous trophoblasts was determined by PCR and immunoblotting, and serotonin secretion by LC-MS/MS. Villous cytotrophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblast, fetal capillaries, extravillous cytotrophoblasts, and decidual cells co-expressed TPH1 and TPH2. Moreover, mRNA and protein levels of both TPHs were detected in human primary trophoblast as well as in mouse placental tissues. Finally, human trophoblast cells were shown to produce serotonin de novo. This study demonstrates that both TPH1 and TPH2 are expressed in human and mouse placenta throughout pregnancy and helps to better understand the placental serotonin system, which is crucial for healthy pregnancy and fetal development. It is therefore important to further understand regulation of the placental serotonin system and how its disruption during pregnancy may impact the developing fetus and subsequent child programming.
Published: 2017

17. Customized and non-customized live-born birth-weight curves of single and uncomplicated pregnancies from the Burgundy perinatal network. Part I – methodology

Author: Paul Sagot, Thierry Rousseau, Jonathan Cottenet, Olivia Durand-Maison, Ahmed Jebrane, Olivia Martz, Florine Tabard, Eric Benzenine, Catherine Labruère-Chazal, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Médecine Foetale et Stérilité Conjugale - Chirurgie Gynécologie et Oncologique [CHU de Dijon], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand ( CHU Dijon ), Service de gynécologie-obstétrique [Centre hospitalier de Chalon-sur-Saône William Morey], Centre Hospitalier Chalon-sur-Saône William Morey, Institut de Mathématiques de Bourgogne [Dijon] ( IMB ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Réseau périnatal de Bourgogne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Institut de Mathématiques de Bourgogne [Dijon] (IMB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), and Réseau Périnatal de Bourgogne (RPB)
Subjects: Male, Pediatrics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Birthweight, Intrauterine growth restriction, Community Networks, Perinatal network, Fetal Development, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Birth Weight, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Growth Charts, Precision Medicine, education.field_of_study, Fetal Growth Retardation, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gestational age, Small for gestational age, Weight curves, Fetal Weight, Infant, Small for Gestational Age, Gestation, Female, France, Live Birth, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Birth weight, Population, Hospitals, Maternity, Ultrasonography, Prenatal, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Predictive Value of Tests, Covariate, Humans, education, Fetus, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], business.industry, Infant, Newborn, medicine.disease, Reproductive Medicine, Customized charts, business
Abstract: International audience; Objectives: To establish non-customized and customized birth-weight curves of single and uncomplicated pregnancies according to gestational age.Materials and methods: We used data for 64,173 mother-infants pairs from the Burgundy perinatal network database (France) over the period 2005-2013. A validated procedure was used to link mothers with their newborns, and maternal and fetal pathologies likely to affect birth weight were excluded. Multiple regression analysis with covariate selection was used to build a customized growth curve with maternal and fetal parameters.Results: Using this methodology, three different curves were generated: an unadjusted curve for birth weight, named B0, an curve adjusted for fetal gender, named B1 and a curve adjusted for fetal and maternal parameters (fetal gender, maternal height, weight and parity), named B2.Conclusion: We present curves showing an original distribution of birth weights for the French population in order to improve the diagnosis of small for gestational age. These curves are not based on the Gardosi in utero growth model but on actual birth weights, thus limiting bias. Nevertheless, the minimum gestational age was 25weeks as there was an insufficient number of live-borns in small gestational ages.
Published: 2017

18. A set of indicators to better characterize beef carcasses at the slaughterhouse level in addition to the EUROP system

Author: C. Sibra, A. De la Torre, Marie-Pierre Ellies-Oury, R. Botreau, Valérie Monteils, C. Laurent, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), and Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine ( Bordeaux Sciences Agro )
Subjects: slaughter-house, abattoir, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], media_common.quotation_subject, Marbled meat, bœuf, Context (language use), classification hierarchique, Set (abstract data type), 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Carcass weight, Statistics, Quality (business), media_common, Mathematics, 2. Zero hunger, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], General Veterinary, business.industry, indicator, 0402 animal and dairy science, beef carcass, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 040401 food science, 040201 dairy & animal science, hierarchical classification, Biotechnology, classification, Ranking, hierarchical structure, carcasse, Animal Science and Zoology, EUROP system, indicateur, business, Production chain, carcass
Abstract: The EUROP classification system that is used in European slaughterhouses to characterize beef carcasses includes only a small number of general indicators (category of animal, conformation score, fat score and hot carcass weight). Consequently, the interests of stakeholders in the production chain (breeders, slaughterers and retailors) are not considered. The aim of this study was to propose a set of indicators, in addition to the EUROP system, to characterize beef carcasses in slaughterhouses in a more precise way that considers the interests of the different stakeholders in Europe. To this end, all of the key variables used in the scientific literature (n = 142 articles from 2010 to 2015) were considered as candidate indicators to characterize beef carcasses. An exhaustive list was used to identify eighty-nine candidate indicators that were organized according to a hierarchical structure to identify the elements underlying the characterization of a carcass. These elements were the animal, carcass and tissue characteristics and the technological and economic values. Indicators were selected based on the hierarchical structure according to their citation ranking in the literature and by ensuring that they were not redundant to the EUROP system. In addition, an expert appraisal was performed to ensure their relevance and feasibility in the European context. Finally, a set of 5 indicators was proposed: hindquarter weight, meat colour, retail-cut yield, rib-eye area and marbling score. Three of these (‘meat colour’, ‘rib-eye area’ and ‘marbling score’) are already used in several current classification grids and may thus be fully implementable. The other two can be obtained by measurement or estimation. This set of indicators is the first step in developing a new way to assess the overall quality of beef carcasses in Europe.
Published: 2017

19. Assessing human health risks from pesticide use in conventional and innovative cropping systems with the BROWSE model

Author: Laure Mamy, Lionel Alletto, Sabine Karen Djidemi Lammoglia, Nicolas Munier-Jolain, Marc C. Kennedy, Enrique Barriuso, Eric Justes, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Royaume Uni, Fera Science Limited, UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes ( ECOSYS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), Mamy, Laure, École d'ingénieurs de Purpan, UMR AGIR, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, and ProdInra, Archive Ouverte
Subjects: Integrated pest management, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], H02 - Pesticides, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Cropping system, Child, Hectare, lcsh:Environmental sciences, Plant protection products, Risk assessment, General Environmental Science, lcsh:GE1-350, 2. Zero hunger, Environmental resource management, food and beverages, Agriculture, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Human exposure, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Work (electrical), BROWSE model, France, P02 - Pollution, Adult, Crops, Agricultural, Environment, Pollution par l'agriculture, Humans, Pesticides, Environmental planning, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], business.industry, Environmental Exposure, Models, Theoretical, 15. Life on land, Pesticide, 13. Climate action, Sustainability, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, business, Cropping, Danger pour la santé
Abstract: Background: Reducing the risks and impacts of pesticide use on human health and on the environment is one of the objectives of the European Commission Directive 2009/128/EC in the quest for a sustainable use of pesticides. This Directive, developed through European national plans such as Ecophyto plan in France, promotes the introduction of innovative cropping systems relying, for example, on integrated pest management. Risk assessment for human health of the overall pesticide use in these innovative systems is required before the introduction of those systems to avoid that an innovation becomes a new problem. Objectives: The objectives of this work were to assess and to compare (1) the human exposure to pesticides used in conventional and innovative cropping systems designed to reduce pesticide needs, and (2) the corresponding risks for human health. Methods: Humans (operator and residents) exposure to pesticides and risks for human health were assessed for each pesticide with the BROWSE model. Then, a method was proposed to represent the overall risk due to all pesticides used in one system. This study considers 3 conventional and 9 associated innovative cropping systems, and 116 plant protection products containing 89 different active substances (i.e. pesticides). Results: The modelling results obtained with BROWSE showed that innovative cropping systems such as low input or no herbicide systems would reduce the risk for human health in comparison to the corresponding conventional cropping systems. On the contrary, BROWSE showed that conservation tillage system would lead to unacceptable risks in the conditions of our study, because of a high number of pesticide applications, and especially of some herbicides. For residents, the dermal absorption was the main exposure route while ingestion was found to be negligible. For operators, inhalation was also a predominant route of exposure. In general, human exposure to pesticides and human health risks were found to be correlated to the treatment frequency index TFI (number of registered doses of pesticides used per hectare for one copping season), confirming the relationship between the reduction of pesticide use and the reduction of risks. Conclusions: Assessment with the BROWSE model helped to identify cropping systems with decreased risks from pesticides for human health and to propose some improvements to the cropping systems by identifying the pesticides that led to unacceptable risks. Keywords: BROWSE model, Human exposure, Plant protection products, Risk assessment, Cropping system
Published: 2017

20. Biochemical properties of a new thermo- and solvent-stable xylanase recovered using three phase partitioning from the extract of Bacillus oceanisediminis strain SJ3

Author: Nawel Boucherba, Yacine Maafa, Mohammed Gagaoua, Cilia Bouiche, Mohamed Yacine Kerbous, Khelifa Bouacem, Amel Bouanane-Darenfed, Said Benallaoua, Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Nature Science and Life, University of Bejaia, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), INATAA, Université Mentouri Constantine [Algérie] (UMC), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene [Alger] (USTHB), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Université des Frères Mentouri (Constantinte 1), Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene [Alger] ( USTHB ), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, and VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Ammonium sulfate, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:Biotechnology, Biomedical Engineering, bacillus oceanisediminis, thermostability, xylanase, hydrophobic solvents, industrial processes, three phase partitioning, solvant, Hydrophobic solvents, lcsh:Chemical technology, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Technology, propriété biochimique, Propanol, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 010608 biotechnology, partitioning, lcsh:TP248.13-248.65, lcsh:TP1-1185, Sodium dodecyl sulfate, Industrial processes, Thermostability, chemistry.chemical_classification, Chromatography, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Chemistry, Xylanase, lcsh:T, Research, partitionnement, Three phase partitioning, Solvent, Bacillus oceanisediminis, 030104 developmental biology, Enzyme, Biochemistry, Industrial and production engineering, thermostabilité, Food Science, Biotechnology
Abstract: The present study investigates the production and partial biochemical characterization of an extracellular thermostable xylanase from the Bacillus oceanisediminis strain SJ3 newly recovered from Algerian soil using three phase partitioning (TPP). The maximum xylanase activity recorded after 2 days of incubation at 37 °C was 20.24 U/ml in the presence of oat spelt xylan. The results indicated that the enzyme recovered in the middle phase of TPP system using the optimum parameters were determined as 50% ammonium sulfate saturation with 1.0:1.5 ratio of crude extract: t-butanol at pH and temperature of 8.0 and 10 °C, respectively. The xylanase was recovered with 3.48 purification fold and 107% activity recovery. The enzyme was optimally active at pH 7.0 and was stable over a broad pH range of 5.0–10. The optimum temperature for xylanase activity was 55 °C and the half-life time at this temperature was of 6 h. At this time point the enzyme retained 50% of its activity after incubation for 2 h at 95 °C. The crude enzyme resist to sodium dodecyl sulfate and β-mercaptoethanol, while all the tested ions do not affect the activity of the enzyme. The recovered enzyme is, at least, stable in tested organic solvents except in propanol where a reduction of 46.5% was observed. Further, the stability of the xylanase was higher in hydrophobic solvents where a maximum stability was observed with cyclohexane. These properties make this enzyme to be highly thermostable and may be suggested as a potential candidate for application in some industrial processes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of xylanase activity and recoverey using three phase partitioning from B. oceanisediminis.
Published: 2017

21. Environmental footprint of the integrated France–Italy beef production system assessed through a multi-indicator approach

Author: Jacques Agabriel, Marco Berton, Luigi Gallo, Maurizio Ramanzin, Michel Lherm, Enrico Sturaro, Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Padova CPDA121073, 'Borsa Gini' scholarship - Fondazione Aldo Gini, Padova, Italy, Universita degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua = Université de Padoue, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 010501 environmental sciences, Beef cattle, environmental impact, 01 natural sciences, Pasture, Agricultural science, life cycle assessment, production de boeuf, Production (economics), Environmental impact assessment, Operations management, multi-indicator approach, Life-cycle assessment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, livestock farming system, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecological footprint, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], business.industry, 0402 animal and dairy science, système d'élevage, Livestock farming system, Multi-indicator approach, Environmental impact, Conversion efficiency, Life Cycle Assessment, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, 040201 dairy & animal science, cycle de vie, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, impact environnemental, Environmental science, Animal Science and Zoology, Livestock, business, Agronomy and Crop Science, conversion efficiency
Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the environmental footprint of the integrated France-Italy beef production system (extensive grassland-based suckler cow-calf farms in France with intensive cereal-based fattening farms in northeastern Italy) using a multi-indicator approach, which combines environmental impact categories computed with a cradle-to-farm gate Life Cycle Assessment, and food-related indicators based on the conversion of gross energy and protein of feedstuffs into raw boneless beef. The system boundaries were set from the calves' birth to their sale to the slaughterhouse, including the herd management, on- and off-farm feed production and materials used on the farms. One kilogram of body weight (BW) sold was used as the functional unit. The study involved 73 Charolais batches (i.e., a group of animals homogenous for age, finishing period and fattening farm), kept at 14 Italian farms. Data from 40 farms originating from the Charolais Network database (INRA) were used to characterize the French farm types, which were matched to the fattening batches according to the results of a cluster analysis. The impact categories assessed were as follows (mean +/- SD per kg BW): global warming potential (GWP, 13.0 +/- 0.7 kg CO2-eq, reduced to 9.9 +/- 0.7 kg CO2-eq when considering the carbon sequestration due to French suckler cow-calf system permanent grassland), acidification potential (AP, 193 +/- 13 g SO2-eq), eutrophication potential (EP, 57 +/- 4 g PO4-eq), cumulative energy demand (CED, 36 +/- 5 MJ), and land occupation (LO, 18.7 +/- 0.8 m(2)/year). The on-farm impacts outweighed those of the off-farm activities, except in the case of CED. On average, 41 MJ and 16.7 kg of dietary feed gross energy and protein were required to provide 1 MJ or 1 kg of protein of raw boneless beef, respectively, but nearly 85% and 80%, respectively, were derived from feedstuffs not suitable for human consumption. Emission-related (GWP, AP, EP) and resource utilization categories (CED, LO) were positively correlated. Food-related indicators showed positive correlations with emission-related indicators when the overall feedstuffs of the diet were considered but negative correlations when only the potentially human-edible portions of the beef diets were considered. In conclusion, the integration of the pasture-based France suckler cow-calf system with the cereal-based Italian fattening farms allows for the exploitation of the resources available, increasing the share of non-human-edible feedstuffs while maintaining good livestock productive efficiency. Combining indicators of impact categories with indicators of feed net supply may improve the assessment of the environmental footprint of livestock systems.
Published: 2017

22. Ecophysiological characterization and molecular differentiation of Culex pipiens forms (Diptera: Culicidae) in Tunisia

Author: Ali Bouattour, Adel Rhim, Marwa Beji, David Roiz, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Institut Pasteur de Tunis-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle ( MIVEGEC ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ), This study was supported by the research project 'PS1.3.023–RESTUS' funded by the European Neighborhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI) - Transboundary Cooperation (TC) - Italy-Tunisia 2007–2013, and the Tunisian Ministry for Higher Education, Scientific Research and Technology., European Project : PS1.3.023,RESTUS, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Vector Control Group (MIVEGEC-VCG), Evolution des Systèmes Vectoriels (ESV), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and European Project: PS1.3.023,RESTUS
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Entomology, [ SDV.MP.PAR ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Tunisia, Range (biology), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, Zoology, Form pipiens, Microsatellite CQ11, Genetic diversity, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Autogeny, Culex pipiens, Animals, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, lcsh:RC109-216, Ecosystem, Hybrid, Larva, biology, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Ecology, Research, Form molestus, Genetic Variation, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Sequence Analysis, DNA, biology.organism_classification, Insect Vectors, Culex, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Sympatric speciation, Enzootic, Female, Parasitology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, West Nile virus, West Nile Fever, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: Background The Culex pipiens complex (Diptera: Culicidae) includes the most widespread mosquito species in the world. Members of this complex are the primary enzootic and epidemic vectors of the West Nile virus (genus Flavivirus) in several countries. The two recognized forms of Cx. pipiens (Linnaeus, 1758) - pipiens and molestus - exhibit behavioral and physiological differences. Natural populations of Cx. pipiens were investigated in several sites in Tunisia to evaluate the ecophysiological and molecular characteristics of their forms. Results The analysis showed the sympatric presence of Cx. pipiens forms and hybrids in all studied sites. Of all the tested larvae of Cx. pipiens, 33.5% were identified as pipiens, 30.8% were identified as molestus, and 35.6% were identified as hybrids. The molestus and hybrid forms were positively correlated with urban habitats and belowground sites while the pipiens form was positively correlated with rural habitats and aboveground sites. Autogeny was expressed in all types of habitats and breeding sites. By contrast with the microsatellite CQ11, the two molecular markers, ace-2 and cytb, did not allow differentiation between the Cx. pipiens forms. Conclusions Our study shows the ubiquitous distribution and the plasticity of the different forms of Cx. pipiens in a wide range of ecological conditions. It suggests that the behavioral traits assigned to the forms of Cx. pipiens seem to be more flexible than previously assumed. Our analysis also proves that the microsatellite CQ11 remains an efficient tool for distinguishing between Cx. pipiens forms. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2265-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2017

23. Right ventricular and tricuspid valve function in patients chronically implanted with leadless pacemakers

Author: Roch Giorgi, Jean-Claude Deharo, Jérôme Hourdain, Erwan Salaun, Linda Koutbi-Franceschi, Gilbert Habib, Frédéric Franceschi, Lilith Tovmassian, Blandine Simonnet, Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Dysoxie, suractivité : aspects cellulaires et intégratifs thérapeutiques (DS-ACI / UMR MD2), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition = Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition research (C2VN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département de Cardiologie [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM], Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Centre de résonance magnétique biologique et médicale (CRMBM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] ( TIMONE ) -Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille ( APHM ), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale ( SESSTIM - U912 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - IRD ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Dysoxie, suractivité : aspects cellulaires et intégratifs thérapeutiques ( DS-ACI / UMR MD2 ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Guieu, régis, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U912 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - IRD), Service de cardiologie, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Cardiac pacing, Heart Ventricles, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Sinus bradycardia, Regurgitation (circulation), 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, law.invention, Prosthesis Implantation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, law, Tricuspid valve, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, In patient, 030212 general & internal medicine, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], business.industry, Cardiac Pacing, Artificial, Atrial fibrillation, Chronic implantation, medicine.disease, Tricuspid valve function, Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency, [SDV.MHEP.CSC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.anatomical_structure, Echocardiography, cardiovascular system, Cardiology, Right ventricle, Artificial cardiac pacemaker, Female, France, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Leadless cardiac pacemaker, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Aims Leadless cardiac pacing has recently been proposed as alternative to conventional right ventricular (RV) pacing. With this approach, devices are directly screwed or fixed with tines in the RV wall, but the possible consequences on RV and tricuspid valve (TV) structure and function remain unknown. We thus conducted a study to evaluate this potential impact in chronically implanted patients. Methods and results Repeated echocardiographic studies were performed prior to implantation, at discharge, and 2 months thereafter on all consecutive patients implanted with a leadless pacemaker at our centre between October 2014 and end-December 2015. Whenever possible, patients were evaluated in non-paced rhythm. Anatomical and functional parameters of RV, TV, and left cardiac structures were assessed. Overall, 23 patients (12 females, aged 85.2 ± 6.3 years) were included, with 14 implanted using Nanostim™ (Saint Jude Medical) and 9 with Micra™ (Medtronic). Indications for pacing were paroxysmal atrio-ventricular block in 12 patients, intermittent sinus bradycardia in 5, unexplained syncope in 3, and atrial fibrillation with slow ventricular rate in the remaining 3. The pacing percentage was 34 ± 42% at the last visit. Most devices were implanted in the septo-apical or mid-septal region. There were no significant changes in echocardiographic parameters observed. One patient developed significantly increased TV regurgitation, without abnormal leaflet motion or TV annulus size changes, suggesting it to be due to RV pressure changes. Conclusion In patients chronically implanted with leadless pacemakers, there were no significant changes in heart structure and function observed, especially concerning the RV and TV.
Published: 2017

24. Assessing the dynamic changes of rhizosphere functionality of Zea mays plants grown in organochlorine contaminated soils

Author: Cindy Arnoldi, Claire Blondel, Jean-Christophe Clément, Nicolas Legay, Franck Poly, Muriel Raveton, Loïc Briset, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cités, Territoires, Environnement et Sociétés (CITERES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours, Ecole Nationale et Paysage, Institut National de la Santé Animale (INSA), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL), Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Rhone-Alpes Region, USMB 5553, Laboratoire Ecole Alpine, Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Cités, Territoires, Environnement et Sociétés ( CITERES ), Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut National de la Santé Animale ( INSA ), Ecologie microbienne ( EM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon ( ENVL ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques ( CARRTEL ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine ( LECA ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire ( INSA CVL ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine [2016-2019] (LECA [2016-2019]), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours (UT)
Subjects: sol contamine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [ SDV.TOX.ECO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, 010501 environmental sciences, maize, Plant Roots, 01 natural sciences, zea mays, Soil, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nutrient, [ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, Soil Pollutants, Biomass, Waste Management and Disposal, Soil Microbiology, 2. Zero hunger, Rhizosphere, indian corn, Chemistry, food and beverages, biogeochemical cycles, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Pollution, plante fourragère, Chlordecone, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, organochlorine compounds, rhizosphère, Hexachlorocyclohexane, Biogeochemical cycle, Environmental Engineering, Nitrogen, Environmental remediation, [ SDV.SA.SDS ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, microbial communities, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Environmental Chemistry, organochlorines, Nitrogen cycle, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], fungi, 15. Life on land, Carbon, Agronomy, Microbial population biology, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, organochloré, Lindane, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: International audience; The persistent organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in soils are suspected to disturb soil biogeochemical cycles. This study addressed the dynamic changes in soil functionality under lindane and chlordecone exposures with or without maize plant. Decreases in soil ammonium concentration, potential nitrogen mineralization and microbial biomass were only OCP-influenced in bulk soils. OCPs appeared to inhibit the ammonification step. With plants, soil functionality under OCP stress was similar to controls demonstrating the plant influence to ensure the efficiency of C- and N-turnover in soils. Moreover, OCPs did not impact the microbial community physiological profile in all tested conditions. However, microbial community structure was OCP-modified only in the presence of plants. Abundances of gram-negative and saprophytic fungi increased (up to +93% and +55%, respectively) suggesting a plant stimulation of nutrient turnover and rhizodegradation processes. Nevertheless, intimate microbial/plant interactions appeared to be OCP-impacted with depletions in mycorrhizae and micro/meso-fauna abundances (up to −53% and −56%, respectively) which might have adverse effects on more long-term plant growth (3–4 months). In short-term experiment (28 days), maize growth was similar to the control ones, indicating an enhanced plasticity of the soil functioning in the presence of plants, which could efficiently participate to the remediation of OCP-contaminated soils.
Published: 2017

25. Metabolic changes in Medaka fish induced by cyanobacterial exposures in mesocosms: an integrative approach combining proteomic and metabolomic analyses

Author: Hélène Huet, Gérard Lacroix, BenoÃ®t. Sotton, Alexis Millot, Qin Qiao, Alain Paris, Alain Blond, Arnaud Catherine, Joëlle Vinh, Sophie Labrut, Benjamin Marie, Charlotte Duval, Séverine Le Manach, Giovanni Chiapetta, Sotton, Benoît, Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-Organismes (MCAM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Xénobiotiques, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), CEREEP-Ecotron Ile de France (UMS 3194), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes (MCAM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire Agroalimentaire et de l'Alimentation Nantes Atlantique (ONIRIS), Unité de Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique et Protéomique, ESPCI ParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA), Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique et Protéomique (USR3149 / FRE2032) (SMBP), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Universites 'DANCE', Sorbonne Universites 'Procytox', CNRS (Defi ENVIROMICS 'Toxcyfish' ), PLANAQUA, [ANR-10-EQPX-13-01], [ANR-11-INBS-0001], Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-Organismes ( MCAM ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux ( Bioemco ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort ( ENVA ), UMR 7245 - Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes (MCAM) ( MCAM ), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire Agroalimentaire et de l'Alimentation Nantes Atlantique ( ONIRIS ), ESPCI ParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cyanobacteria, Oryzias, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Science, Computational biology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, [ CHIM ] Chemical Sciences, Article, Mesocosm, 03 medical and health sciences, Metabolomics, Metabolome, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Microcystis aeruginosa, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Multidisciplinary, biology, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Ecology, Aquatic ecosystem, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, Proteome, Medicine
Abstract: Author Correction: The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Giovanni Chiappetta, which was incorrectly given as Giovanni Chiapetta. This error has now been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the Article, and in the accompanying Supplementary Information document. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-20638-0; International audience; Cyanobacterial blooms pose serious threats to aquatic organisms and strongly impact the functioning of aquatic ecosystems. Due to their ability to produce a wide range of potentially bioactive secondary metabolites, so called cyanotoxins, cyanobacteria have been extensively studied in the past decades. Proteomic and metabolomic analyses provide a unique opportunity to evaluate the global response of hundreds of proteins and metabolites at a glance. In this study, we provide the first combined utilization of these methods targeted to identify the response of fish to bloom-forming cyanobacteria. Medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) were exposed for 96 hours either to a MC-producing or to a non-MC-producing strain of Microcystis aeruginosa and cellular, proteome and metabolome changes following exposure to cyanobacteria were characterized in the fish livers. The results suggest that a short-term exposure to cyanobacteria, producing or not MCs, induces sex-dependent molecular changes in medaka fish, without causing any cellular alterations. Globally, molecular entities involved in stress response, lipid metabolism and developmental processes exhibit the most contrasted changes following a cyanobacterial exposure. Moreover, it appears that proteomic and metabolomic analyses are useful tools to verify previous information and to additionally bring new horizons concerning molecular effects of cyanobacteria on fish.
Published: 2017

26. COLIN trial: Value of colchicine in the treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction and inflammatory response

Author: Anne-Marie Dupuy, Nicolas Nagot, Mariama Akodad, Mathilde Buisson, Frédéric Cransac, Florence Leclercq, Jessica Labour, Jean-Paul Cristol, Thien-Tri Cung, Benoit Lattuca, Jean-Christophe Macia, Vera Georgescu, Richard Gervasoni, Stéphane Cade, François Roubille, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] (PhyMedExp), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] ( CHRU Montpellier ), Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] ( PhyMedExp ), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM )
Subjects: Male, Time Factors, medicine.medical_treatment, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Pathologies cardiovasculaires, 0302 clinical medicine, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Myocardial infarction, biology, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Cardiovascular disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 3. Good health, C-Reactive Protein, Treatment Outcome, medicine.anatomical_structure, Echocardiography, Cardiology, Female, Acute coronary syndrome, France, Inflammation Mediators, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, TIMI, medicine.medical_specialty, Infarctus du myocarde, Heart failure, 03 medical and health sciences, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Aged, Inflammation, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], business.industry, C-reactive protein, Percutaneous coronary intervention, medicine.disease, Insuffisance cardiaque, Coronary arteries, Coronary Occlusion, Coronary occlusion, [SDV.SP.PHARMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, biology.protein, ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Colchicine, business, Syndrome coronarien aigu, Biomarkers
Abstract: International audience; Background: Inflammation is involved during acute myocardial infarction, and could be an interesting target to prevent ischaemia-reperfusion injuries. Colchicine, known for its pleiotropic anti-inflammatory effects, could decrease systemic inflammation in this context.Aims: To evaluate the impact of colchicine on inflammation in patients admitted for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods: All patients admitted for STEMI with one of the main coronary arteries occluded, and successfully treated with percutaneous coronary intervention, were included consecutively. Patients were randomized to receive either 1 mg colchicine once daily for 1 month plus optimal medical treatment or optimal medical treatment only. C-reactive protein (CRP) was assessed at admission and daily until hospital discharge. The primary endpoint was CRP peak value during the index hospitalization.Results: Forty-four patients were included: 23 were treated with colchicine; 21 received conventional treatment only. At baseline, both groups were well balanced regarding age, sex, risk factors, thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow and reperfusion delay. The culprit artery was more often the left anterior descending artery in the colchicine group (P = 0.07), reflecting a more severe group. There was no significant difference in mean CRP peak value between the colchicine and control groups (29.03 mg/L vs 21.86 mg/L, respectively; P = 0.36), even after adjustment for type of culprit artery (26.99 vs 24.99 mg/L, respectively; P = 0.79).Conclusion: In our study, the effect of colchicine on inflammation in the context of STEMI could not be demonstrated. Further larger studies may clarify the impact of colchicine in acute myocardial infarction.; Contexte: L’inflammation, impliquée au cours de l’infarctus du myocarde, pourrait représenter une cible thérapeutique intéressante et limiter les lésions d’ischémie-reperfusion. La colchicine, aux effets anti-inflammatoires pléiotropes, pourrait diminuer l’inflammation systémique au cours de l’infarctus du myocarde.Objectif: Évaluer l’impact de la colchicine sur l’inflammation systémique, dans l’infarctus du myocarde avec sus-décalage du segment ST.Méthodes: Tous les patients admis pour infarctus du myocarde avec occlusion de l’une des trois artères principales traités avec succès par angioplastie primaire étaient inclus de manière consécutive. Ils étaient randomisés pour recevoir 1 mg de colchicine par jour pendant 1 mois, en sus du traitement médical optimal, ou le traitement médical optimal seul. La C-réactive protéine était dosée à l’admission et quotidiennement jusqu’à la sortie. Le critère de jugement principal était le pic de CRP au cours de l’hospitalisation.Résultats: Quarante-quatre patients ont été inclus, 23 ont reçu la colchicine et 21 le traitement conventionnel seul. Les caractéristiques de base étaient comparables entre les 2 groupes concernant l’âge, le sexe, les facteurs de risque cardiovasculaires, le flux TIMI et le délai de reperfusion. L’artère interventriculaire antérieure était le plus souvent l’artère coupable dans le groupe colchicine (p = 0,07) reflétant un groupe plus sévère. Il n’y avait aucune différence significative entre les 2 groupes concernant la valeur du pic de CRP (29,03 mg/L dans le groupe colchicine vs 21,86 mg/L dans le groupe témoin ; p = 0,36), même après ajustement sur le type d’artère coupable (26,99 vs 24,99 mg/L ; p = 0,79).Conclusion: Aucun effet de la colchicine sur l’inflammation systémique dans l’infarctus du myocarde n’a pu être démontré. Des études complémentaires de plus grande envergure apparaissent nécessaires pour clarifier l’impact de la colchicine dans l’infarctus du myocarde.
Published: 2017

27. Drought Response and Genetic Diversity inPisum fulvum, a Wild Relative of Domesticated Pea

Author: Ron Ophir, Maya Toren, Ravit Eshed, Amir Sherman, Mor Rubinstein, Grégoire Aubert, Erez Naim-Feil, Shahal Abbo, Yehoshua Saranga, Ada Rosen, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Department Fruit Tree Science, Agricultural Research Organization - the Volcani Center, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Drought tolerance, drought tolerance, Introduced species, 01 natural sciences, Pisum, 03 medical and health sciences, Sativum, wild pea, Domestication, pisum fulvum, Genetic diversity, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], biology, fungi, food and beverages, genetic diversity, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, Agronomy, Productivity (ecology), Adaptation, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: BAPGEAPSISUPDATINRA; Productivity of grain crops in semi-arid environments is often affected by drought, which is likely to increase due to predicted climate changes. Wild pea (Pisum fulvum, Pf) accessions sampled across its ecological amplitude in Israel (350-850 mm annual precipitation) were used to assess the genetic diversity for drought responses. We hypothesized that native species evolving under east Mediterranean climate carry adaptive traits to cope with drought stress. Accessions were classified according to SNP variation pattern and habitat ecogeographic parameters. Significant differences were found between the accession groups, but grouping in both systems did not match. Subsequently, 52 Pf accessions and three domesticated pea (Pisum sativum) genotypes were evaluated under well-watered (600mm) and water-limited (300mm) treatments. Total dry matter, grain yield, harvest index and average grain weight were higher in domesticated pea than wild Pf, however several Pf accessions exhibited lower drought susceptibility indices (i.e. greater stability across environments) than domesticated genotypes. Of special interest are a number of Pf genotypes in which low susceptibility to water stress was coupled with relatively high productivity. The sampling habitats of those low susceptibility - high productivity accessions are characterized by mild (400-530mm) annual precipitation. Further sampling and evaluation of Pf from such locations may improve our understanding of pea drought adaptation and yield physiology.
Published: 2017

28. Effects of bacterial direct-fed microbials on ruminal characteristics, methane emission, and milk fatty acid composition in cows fed high- or low-starch diets

Author: Christelle Philippeau, Pierre Nozière, Diego P. Morgavi, Claudette Berger, A. Lettat, Cécile Martin, Mathieu Silberberg, Anne Ferlay, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Danisco France SAS, CIFRE Danisco SAS research fellowship, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), and VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA )
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], cow, Latin square, teneur en amidon, méthane, Food science, dairy milk fatty acid, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, acide gras, biology, Fatty Acids, food and beverages, Starch, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Milk, bacterial direct-fed microbial, vache, microflore bactérienne, Digestion, Female, Composition (visual arts), Methane, Rumen, Propionibacterium, ruminal fermentation, dietetic foods, fermentation ruminale, 03 medical and health sciences, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Genetics, Animals, Lactation, Dry matter, aliment de régime, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], 0402 animal and dairy science, Fatty acid, biology.organism_classification, 040201 dairy & animal science, Diet, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, marsh gas, Fermentation, Propionate, Cattle, Animal Science and Zoology, fatty acid, Lactobacillus plantarum, Food Science
Abstract: This study investigated the effects of bacterial direct fed microbials (DFM) on ruminal fermentation and microbial characteristics, methane (CH4) emission, diet digestibility, and milk fatty acid (FA) composition in dairy cows fed diets formulated to induce different ruminal volatile fatty acid (VFA) profiles. Eight ruminally cannulated dairy cows were divided into 2 groups based on parity, days in milk, milk production, and body weight. Cows in each group were fed either a high-starch (38%, HS) or a low-starch (2%, LS) diet in a 55:45 forage-to-concentrate ratio on a dry matter (DM) basis. For each diet, cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments in a Latin square design of (1) control (CON); (2) Propionibacterium P63 (P63); (3) P63 plus Lactobacillus plantarum 115 (P63+Lp); (4) P63 plus Lactobacillus rhamnosus 32(P63+Lr). Strains of DFM were administered at 10(10) cfu/d. Methane emission (using the sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique), total-tract digestibility, dry matter intake, and milk production and composition were quantified in wk 3. Ruminal fermentation and microbial characteristics were measured in wk 4. Data were analyzed using the mixed procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). The 2 diets induced different ruminal VFA profiles, with a greater proportion of propionate at the expense of acetate and butyrate for the HS diet. Greater concentrations of total bacteria and selected bacterial species of methanogenic Archaea were reported for the HS diet, whereas the protozoa concentration in HS decreased. For both diets, bacterial DFM supplementation raised ruminal pH (+0.18 pH units, on average) compared with CON. Irrespective of diet, P63+Lp and P63+Lr increased ruminal cellulase activity (3.8-fold, on average) compared with CON, but this effect was not associated with variations in ruminal microbial numbers. Irrespective of diet, no effect of bacterial DFM on ruminal VFA was observed. For the LS diet, supplementing cows with P63+Lr tended to decrease CH4 emission (26.5%, on average, when expressed per kilogram of milk or 4% fat-corrected milk). Only P63 supplementation to cows fed the HS diet affected the concentration of some milk FA, such as cis isomers of 18:1 and intermediates of ruminal biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated FA. Overall, bacterial DFM could be useful to stabilize ruminal pH. Their effects on CH4 production mitigation and milk FA profile depended on DFM strain and diet and should be confirmed under a greater variation of dietary conditions.
Published: 2017

29. Proteomics towards the understanding of elicitor induced resistance of grapevine against downy mildew

Author: Christelle Lemaître-Guillier, Benoît Poinssot, Christine Schaeffer-Reiss, Sophie Trouvelot, Marielle Adrian, Agnès Hovasse, Xavier Daire, Marie-Claire Héloir, Ghislaine Recorbet, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), UMR 7178 Institut pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC) - Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ), BIVB (Bureau Interprofessionnel des Vins de Bourgogne), Conseil Regional de Bourgogne [2013 - 9201AA0050S02328], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique [Strasbourg] (LSMBO), Département Sciences Analytiques et Interactions Ioniques et Biomoléculaires (DSA-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Proteomics, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biophysics, Laminarin, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Plasmopara viticola, 03 medical and health sciences, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Botany, Plant defense against herbivory, Vitis, Leaf proteome, Glucans, Pathogen, Disease Resistance, Plant Diseases, Plant Proteins, 2. Zero hunger, Peronospora, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], biology, food and beverages, Induced resistance, Biotic stress, 2-DE, biology.organism_classification, Elicitor, Plant Leaves, Fungicide, 030104 developmental biology, Vitis vinifera, Downy mildew, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Resistance Process, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Elicitors are known to trigger plant defenses in response to biotic stress, but do not systematically lead to effective resistance to pathogens. The reasons explaining such differences remain misunderstood. Therefore, elicitation and induced resistance (IR) were investigated through the comparison of two modified β-1,3 glucans applied on grapevine (Vitis vinifera) leaves before and after inoculation with Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of downy mildew. The sulfated (PS3) and the shortened (H13) forms of laminarin are both known to elicit defense responses whereas only PS3 induces resistance against downy mildew. The analysis of the 2-DE gel electrophoresis revealed that PS3 and H13 induced distinct proteomic profiles after treatment and pathogen inoculation. Our results point out that the PS3-induced resistance is associated with the activation of the primary metabolism especially on amino acids and carbohydrates pathways. In addition, few proteins, such as the 12-oxophytodienoate reductase (OPR-like) related to the OPDA pathway, and an Arsenite-resistance protein (Serrate-like protein) could be considered as useful markers of induced resistance. Significance One strategy to reduce the application of fungicides is the use of elicitors which induce plant defense responses. Nonetheless, the elicitors do not systematically lead to resistance against pathogens. The lack of correlation between plant defense activation and induced resistance (IR) requires the investigation of what makes the specificity of elicitor-IR. In this study, the two β-glucans elicitors, sulfated (PS3) and short (H13) laminarins, were used in the grapevine/Plasmopara viticola interaction since only the first one leads to resistance against downy mildew. To disclose IR specificity, proteomic approach has been employed to compare the two treatments before and after P. viticola inoculation. The analysis of the 2-DE revealed that PS3 and H13 induced distinct proteomic profiles after treatment and pathogen inoculation. Significant increase of the number of proteins regulated by PS3, relative to both H13 and time-points, is correlated with the resistance process establishment. Our results point that the PS3-induced resistance requires the activation of the primary metabolism especially on amino acids and carbohydrates pathways. In addition, few proteins, such as the 12-oxophytodienoate reductase (OPR-like) related to the OPDA pathway, and an Arsenite-resistance protein (Serrate-like protein) could constitute useful markers of PS3 induced resistance.
Published: 2017

30. Pilot study of mobile phone technology in allergic rhinitis in European countries: the MASK-rhinitis study

Author: Olivier Vandenplas, R. Murray, Niels H. Chavannes, Erkka Valovirta, A. Fink-Wagner, Alvaro A. Cruz, Joaquim Mullol, Aziz Sheikh, G. De Vries, T. Keil, M. Wickman, K. C. Bergmann, Pascal Demoly, Dermot Ryan, Nick A. Guldemond, Torsten Zuberbier, V. Kvedariene, Luís Nogueira-Silva, Mikael Kuitunen, A. Valiulis, G. Passalacqua, Claus Bachert, Davide Caimmi, Antonella Muraro, E Mathieu-Dupas, João Fonseca, P V Tomazic, Jean Bousquet, P. Devillier, S. Arnavielhe, Pedro Carreiro-Martins, Erik Melén, Giorgio Walter Canonica, D. Laune, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, M. Bewick, Ronald Dahl, A. Valero, B. Hellqvist-Dahl, Peter Hellings, B. Samolinski, L. Klimek, S. van der Meulen, J. Just, M. Morais-Almeida, David Price, Tari Haahtela, O. Spranger, A. Todo Bom, Ana Margarida Pereira, M. van Eerd, F. Portejoie, M. L. Kowalski, A. Bedbrook, Piotr Kuna, Valérie Siroux, Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en Languedoc-Roussillon ( MACVIA-LR ), Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -World Health Organization ( WHO/OMS ) -Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] ( CHRU Montpellier ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nîmes ( CHRU Nîmes ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site, Vieillissement et Maladies chroniques : approches épidémiologique et de santé publique ( VIMA ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] ( CHRU Montpellier ), Hôpital Foch [Suresnes], Department of Dermatology, Medical School-Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH - Projektträger BEO, GmbH, Département pneumologie et addictologie [Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] ( CHRU Montpellier ) -Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique ( iPLESP ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), Universidade de Lisboa ( ULISBOA ), Service d'allergologie [CHU Trousseau], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier ( IRIM ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, Allergy & Respiratory Diseases, University of Genoa ( UNIGE ) -Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw-Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Center for Public Health Research ( CSISP ), University of Valencia, CIRCE, Ctr Res Energy Resources & Consumpt, Zaragoza 50018, Spain, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en Languedoc-Roussillon (MACVIA-LR), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site (EIP on AHA), Commission Européenne-Commission Européenne-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Vieillissement et Maladies chroniques : approches épidémiologique et de santé publique (VIMA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Medical School-Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe)-Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), Medical University of Warsaw - Poland-Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Center for Public Health Research (CSISP), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes)-European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site (EIP on AHA), Commission Européenne-Commission Européenne-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Service d'Allergologie pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI)-University of Genoa (UNIGE), Health Services Management & Organisation (HSMO), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and University of Genoa (UNIGE)-Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, EIP on AHA, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Allergen immunotherapy, Pathology, Allergy, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunology, Pilot Projects, Review, Asymptomatic, 03 medical and health sciences, Allergic, 0302 clinical medicine, HDE ALER, Surveys and Questionnaires, Journal Article, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Rhinitis, Asthma, Allergy Diary, rhinorrhea, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], business.industry, Research, MASK-rhinitis, Baseline data, Conjunctivitis, medicine.disease, Rhinitis, Allergic, Mobile Applications, 3. Good health, Europe, Mobile technology, mobile technology, 030104 developmental biology, 030228 respiratory system, Baseline characteristics, allergen immunotherapy, medicine.symptom, business, Cell Phone, Nasal symptoms
Abstract: The use of Apps running on smartphones and tablets profoundly affects medicine. The MASK-rhinitis (MACVIA-ARIA Sentinel NetworK for allergic rhinitis) App (Allergy Diary) assesses allergic rhinitis symptoms, disease control and impact on patients' lives. It is freely available in 20 countries (iOS and Android platforms). AIMS: To assess in a pilot study whether (i) Allergy Diary users were able to properly provide baseline characteristics (ii) simple phenotypic characteristics based upon data captured by the Allergy Diary could be identified and (iii) information gathered by this study could suggest novel research questions. METHODS: The Allergy Diary users were classified into six groups according to the baseline data that they entered into the App: (i) asymptomatic; (ii) nasal symptoms excluding rhinorrhea; (iii) rhinorrhea; (iv) rhinorrhea plus 1-2 nasal/ocular symptoms; (v) rhinorrhea plus ≥3 nasal/ocular symptoms; and (vi) rhinorrhea plus all nasal/ocular symptoms. RESULTS: By 1 June 2016, 3260 users had registered with the Allergy Diary and 2710 had completed the baseline questionnaire. Troublesome symptoms were found mainly in the users with the most symptoms. Around 50% of users with troublesome rhinitis and/or ocular symptoms suffered work impairment. Sleep was impaired by troublesome symptoms and nasal obstruction. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first App (iOS and Android) to have tested for allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis. A simple questionnaire administered by cell phones enables the identification of phenotypic differences between a priori defined rhinitis groups. The results suggest novel concepts and research questions in allergic rhinitis that may not be identified using classical methods info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Published: 2017

31. Positive perception of human stroking by lambs: Qualitative behaviour assessment confirms previous interpretation of quantitative data

Author: Maria Serrapica, Ada Braghieri, Xavier Boivin, Fabio Napolitano, Marjorie Coulon, La scuola di Scienze Agrarie, forestali, alimentari e ambientali, University of Basilicata, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), and VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA )
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Positive perception, Audiology, Arousal, Generalised procrustes analysis, Food Animals, Heart rate, lamb, medicine, Heart rate variability, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Beneficial effects, human-animal relationship, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Free-choice profiling, agneau, 05 social sciences, 0402 animal and dairy science, comportement adaptatif, Video sequence, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 040201 dairy & animal science, relation homme-animal, qualitative behaviour assessment, Animal Science and Zoology, stroking, caresse, Psychology, Social psychology, perception bénéfices
Abstract: Qualitative behaviour assessment (QM) was used to validate previous published interpretation whether human stroking has beneficial effects on lambs prematurely separated from their mothers. For a period of 8 weeks a familiar human (FH) subjected 22 Romane lambs to a gentling treatment based on strokes. At the age of 8 weeks each lamb was placed in the experimental pen and tested. Half of them received the gentling treatment (STROKE) for 8 min, and the others were simply exposed to the human presence for the same period of time (PRESENCE). Animals were equipped for heart rate recording and tests were video-recorded. These behavioural and heart rate variability data have been already published. A free choice profiling approach was used to instruct ten observers in qualitative behaviour assessment (QBA). Short video sequences of the tests were randomly presented and scored by the observers unaware of any information about the quantitative data recorded. QBA data were analysed using Generalised Procrustes Analysis (GPA). The GPA consensus profile explained a high percentage of variation among the 10 observers, and differed significantly from the mean randomised profile (P < 0.001). The two main dimensions of the consensus profile explained 42,3% and 18,0% of variation between the tested lambs. All of the interpretation word charts were semantically consistent and oriented to the same meaning despite the use of different descriptors. The most used descriptors to label the first dimension was characterised by descriptors ranging from "curious" (positive end) to "relaxed" (negative end), whereas the second dimension ranged from "indifferent" (positive end) to "sociable" (negative end). Lambs from group PRESENCE received significantly higher scores than group STROKED on the Dimension 2 (chi(2) =4.49, P < 0.05) and were therefore assessed as more indifferent. Conversely, the animals from group STROKED received significantly lower scores on Dimension 1, thus resulting more relaxed than group PRESENCE (chi(2)=4.48, P < 0.05). A principal component analysis showed meaningful relationships between quantitative and qualitative variables with variables indicating relaxation and positive emotions displaying high loadings on the negative end of axis 1, whereas variables showing a low level of arousal but less positive emotions were more related with the positive end of axis 2. In this study QBA confirms previous interpretations from quantitative behavioural and physiological data. In general, we can suggest QBA as a tool to help in the elucidation of quantitative physiological and behavioural data.
Published: 2017

32. A nitrocefin-based amperometric assay for the rapid quantification of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in wastewaters

Author: Benoit Chantemesse, Fabienne Vienney, Murielle Rochelet, Alain Hartmann, Sébastien Solanas, Laetitia Betelli, Loïc Bollache, INRA - Dijon, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), FEDER [2014-9201, 2014-9205AAO3304395], Suez, Conseil Regional de Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC )
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Environmental Engineering, Cefotaxime, Extended-spectrum p-lactamase, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Wastewater, beta-Lactamases, 03 medical and health sciences, Escherichia coli, Electrochemistry, medicine, Nitrocefin, Waste Management and Disposal, Effluent, Escherichia coli Infections, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Water Science and Technology, Civil and Structural Engineering, Chromatography, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Chemistry, Chromogenic, Ecological Modeling, Substrate (chemistry), Pollution, 6. Clean water, Amperometry, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Wastewaters, Carbon sensors, Subculture (biology), medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; A sensitive and inexpensive amperometric assay based on the electrochemical detection of the beta-lactamase activity using the nitrocefin as substrate was developed for the rapid and quantitative detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia colt (ESBL-EC) in urban wastewaters. The specific detection of ESBL-EC was achieved by culturing the filtered sample in a medium containing the cefotaxime supplemented or not with the potassium clavulanate inhibitor. This step was followed by the incubation of each subculture filtrate with the nitrocefin substrate which hydrolysis was monitored by amperometry using disposable carbon screen-printed sensors. Current intensities i(Cef) and i(Clav) correspond to the intensity of the anodic current measured (similar to+ 0.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl) for the sample incubated with the cefotaxime without and with potassium clavulanate, respectively. The intensity value i = i(Cef) iClav was chosen as the analytical response. ESBL-EC calibration plots were established with artificially contaminated wastewater samples. This assay allowed the detection of ESBL-EC amounts as low as 10 cfu in treated effluents and 100 cfu in raw wastewaters with short time analysis of 5.5 h and 4.5 h, respectively. The amperometric method was applied to the analysis of 38 wastewater samples and the results were in good agreement with CFU counts on a selective chromogenic medium for 24 h. Owing to its rapidity, convenience, low-cost and portability, this assay is a promising tool to obtain quantitative data on antimicrobial-resistant E. coli in wastewater effluents. Furthermore, this assay might be used to improve wastewater treatment plant processes in order to minimize the release of antibiotic resistant bacteria into the aquatic environment.
Published: 2017

33. Effect of intercropping vetch (Vicia sativa L.), field pea (Pisum sativum L.) and triticale (X Triticosecale ) on dry-matter yield, nutritive and ensiling characteristics when harvested at two growth stages

Author: R. Baumont, Donato Andueza, A. Le Morvan, G. Maxin, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, digestibilité, Vicia sativa, Silage, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], matière sèche, Forage, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, légumineuse, 01 natural sciences, Field pea, Sativum, Dry matter, Legume, 2. Zero hunger, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], biology, Chemistry, rendement fourrager, récolte, legume, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, harvesting, Triticale, biology.organism_classification, Agronomy, digestibility, dry matter, ensilage, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, silage, pepsine cellulase, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the effects of growth stage and legume proportion on the nutritive and ensiling characteristics of triticale–pea–vetch intercrop mixtures. The three-species mixtures were sown at three seeding ratios to produce different legume proportions (low, medium and high proportions) and harvested at two growth stages. The six resulting forages were subsequently ensiled in mini-silos. Forage dry-matter (DM) yield, nutritive characteristics of fresh and ensiled mixtures and fermentation characteristics of silages were determined. Forage DM yield almost tripled between early-stage harvest and late-stage harvest. Nutritive characteristics of fresh and ensiled mixtures were affected by both growth stage and legume proportion: crude protein concentration and pepsin–cellulase digestibility decreased whereas NDF and ADF concentrations increased as growth stage advanced. Crude protein concentration and pepsin–cellulase digestibility were higher for the high-legume treatment at both growth stages. All mixtures ensiled well, as indicated by low pH and high lactic and acetic acids contents. However, all silages had high soluble nitrogen and ammonia concentrations. This study showed that triticale–pea–vetch silages hold good potential net energy supply value for ruminants, especially at early-stage growth and when legume proportion increases. However, protein value has to be improved by reducing protein breakdown during ensiling.
Published: 2017

34. Different Vancomycin-IntermediateStaphylococcus aureusPhenotypes Selected from the Same ST100-hVISA Parental Strain

Author: Marta Mollerach, Arabela Cuirolo, Dominique Mengin-Lecreulx, Ana Maria Amoroso, Sabrina Di Gregorio, Olivier Verlaine, Bernard Joris, Silvina Fernández, Angela Famiglietti, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Unité de Physiologie et Génétique Bactériennes, Centre d'Ingénierie des Protéines, Département des Sciences de la Vie, Université de Liège, Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule ( I2BC ), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ), Laboratorio de Bacteriología Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires], Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología [Buenos Aires], Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica [Buenos Aires] (FFYB), Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA)-Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Laboratorio de Bacteriología Clínica [Buenos Aires]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Autolysis (biology), MRSA ST100, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], vancomycin, Mutant, Gene Expression, MRSA, medicine.disease_cause, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], chemistry.chemical_compound, Cell Wall, Gene expression, Mechanisms, ST100, Staphylococcal Infections, Phenotype, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 3. Good health, VISA, Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, medicine.drug, Microbiology (medical), Otras Ciencias Biológicas, 030106 microbiology, Immunology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Peptidoglycan, Biology, Microbiology, hVISA, Ciencias Biológicas, 03 medical and health sciences, Bacterial Proteins, medicine, Humans, Penicillin-Binding Proteins, Selection, Genetic, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS, Pharmacology, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Vancomycin Resistance, VANCOMYCIN, VIS, chemistry, Mutation, DNA Transposable Elements, Parental strain
Abstract: The aim of this study is to characterize the factors related to peptidoglycan metabolism in isogenic hVISA/VISA ST100 strains. Recently, we reported the increase in IS256 transposition in invasive hVISA ST100 clinical strains isolated from the same patient (D1 and D2) before and after vancomycin treatment and two laboratory VISA mutants (D23C9 and D2P11) selected from D2 in independent experiments. High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis of peptidoglycan muropeptides showed increased proportion of monomeric muropeptides and a concomitant decrease in the proportion of tetrameric muropeptide in D2 and derived mutants when compared to the original strain D1. In addition, strain D2 and its derived mutants showed an increase in cell wall thickness with increased pbp2 gene expression. The VISA phenotype was not stable in D2P11 and showed a reduced autolysis profile. On the other hand, the mutant D23C9 differentiates from D2 and D2P11 in the autolysis profile, and pbp4 transcription profile. D2-derived mutants exhibited differences in the susceptibility to other antimicrobials. Our results highlight the possibility of selection of different VISA phenotypes from a single hVISA-ST100 genetic background. Fil: Di Gregorio, Sabrina Noelia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Fernandez, Silvina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología; Argentina Fil: Cuirolo, Arabela Ximena. Université de Liège; Bélgica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Verlaine, Olivier. Université de Liège; Bélgica Fil: Amoroso, Ana. Université de Liège; Bélgica Fil: Mengin Lecreulx, Dominique. Université Paris Sud; Francia Fil: Famiglietti, Angela María Rosa. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; Argentina Fil: Joris, Bernard. Université de Liège; Bélgica Fil: Mollerach, Marta Eugenia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
Published: 2017

35. Biochemical and organoleptic characteristics of muscle from early and late maturing bulls in different production systems

Author: G.B. Mezgebo, Mark McGee, Brigitte Picard, R. I. Richardson, Edward G. O'Riordan, Frank J. Monahan, A.P. Moloney, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin [Dublin] ( UCD ), Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Health Science, University of Bristol, Teagasc Walsh Fellowship, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Bristol [Bristol], Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), and VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement
Subjects: Male, muscle, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], animal diseases, Organoleptic, sensory, Collagen solubility, chemistry.chemical_compound, Isocitrate dehydrogenase activity, Food science, caractérisation biochimique, 2. Zero hunger, Silage, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, beef, Isocitrate Dehydrogenase, Breed, Animal culture, Tenderness, régime alimentaire, Adipose Tissue, Taste, taureau, Intramuscular fat, medicine.symptom, qualité sensorielle, Sensation, Biology, Poaceae, SF1-1100, intramuscular fat, Animal science, Lactate dehydrogenase, medicine, Animals, Muscle, Skeletal, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], L-Lactate Dehydrogenase, Myosin Heavy Chains, système de production, 0402 animal and dairy science, 040201 dairy & animal science, graisse intramusculaire, Diet, Red Meat, breed type, Phosphofructokinases, chemistry, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Cattle, Animal Science and Zoology, diet
Abstract: In grass-based beef production systems (PS), early maturing (EM) breed types may be preferable to late maturing (LM) breed types in achieving adequate fat cover. Biochemical and organoleptic characteristics of muscle from suckler bulls were investigated in EM and LM (n = 28/breed) assigned to one of two PS (ad libitum concentrates and grass silage to slaughter (C) or ad libitum silage plus 2 kg concentrate daily during winter followed by 99 days at pasture and then an indoor finishing period on C (GSPC)) in a breed type × 2 PS factorial arrangement of treatments. Bulls were managed to have a common target carcass weight of 380 kg. Intramuscular fat (IMF) content was higher ( P
Published: 2017

36. NMR strategies to support medicinal chemistry workflows for primary structure determination

Author: Steven R. LaPlante, Paul Oguadinma, François Bilodeau, Institut Armand Frappier ( INRS-IAF ), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] ( INRS ) -Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ), and NMX Research and Solutions Inc.
Subjects: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Clinical Biochemistry, Primary structure, Pharmaceutical Science, Medicinal chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, Rotamers, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, [ CHIM.ORGA ] Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Nitriles, Drug Discovery, NMR methods, Molecular Biology, Aniline Compounds, Regioisomers, Primary (chemistry), Molecular Structure, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], 010405 organic chemistry, Drug discovery, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Stereoisomerism, Combinatorial chemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, Characterization (materials science), Workflow, Quinolines, Proton NMR, Molecular Medicine, Heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy
Abstract: International audience; Central to drug discovery is the correct characterization of the primary structures of compounds. In general, medicinal chemists make great synthetic and characterization efforts to deliver the intended compounds. However, there are occasions which incorrect compounds are presented, such as those reported for Bosutinib and TIC10. This may be due to a variety of reasons such as uncontrolled reaction schemes, reliance on limited characterization techniques (LC-MS and/or 1D 1H NMR spectra), or even the lack of availability or knowledge of characterization strategies. Here, we present practical NMR approaches that support medicinal chemist workflows for addressing compound characterization issues and allow for reliable primary structure determinations. These strategies serve to differentiate between regioisomers and geometric isomers, distinguish between N- versus O-alkyl analogues, and identify rotamers and atropisomers. Overall, awareness and application of these available NMR methods (e.g. HMBC/HSQC, ROESY and VT experiments, to name only a few) should help practicing chemists to reveal chemical phenomena and avoid mis-assignment of the primary structures of compounds.
Published: 2017

37. Separating the confounding effects of farming practices on weeds and winter wheat production using path modelling

Author: Ann K. Bybee-Finley, Emilie Cadet, Jean-Philippe Guillemin, Luc Biju-Duval, Marc Buthiot, Stéphane Cordeau, Mélanie de Waele, Fabrice Dessaint, Maude Quinio, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Soil and Crop Sciences Section, Cornell University, INRA, French project CoSAC [ANR-14-CE18-0007], French project Agrobiose [ANR-13-AGRO-0001], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, and Cornell University [New York]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Integrated pest management, Partial least square path modelling, Cropping systems, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Soil Science, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, parasitic diseases, 2. Zero hunger, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Soybean management practices, business.industry, Crop yield, fungi, Yield gap, food and beverages, Sowing, Weed management, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, respiratory system, 15. Life on land, Weed control, Agronomy, Structural equation modelling, Agriculture, Wheat, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Weed, business, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Optimal crop yield can be achieved directly by optimizing farming practices to increase crop growth and indirectly by optimizing pest management to decrease pest pressure. The aim of this study was to quantify the indirect effect of farming practices on yield through a change of the weed pressure and, thereby, disentangle the effect of farming practices on yield and weeds. Between 2006 and 2012 in Burgundy, France, 152 winter wheat fields were surveyed for weeds and farmers were interviewed about their farming practices and yields. Data were analysed using partial least square path modelling (PLS-PM). A path model that related farming intensity (fallow management, sowing, chemical pest control and fertilization), crop productivity (yield), and weed pressure was designed and validated. It was then used to assess the relationships between the identified variables (beta path coefficients) and compare groups of fields varying in, the preceding crop, herbicide use and weed pressure in the field. Farming intensity had a positive effect on crop productivity (beta = 0.32). Weed pressure negatively impacted crop productivity (beta = -0.12). Farming intensity decreased weed pressure and had a sufficiently negative effect on weeds (beta = -0.19) to counteract the negative impact of weeds on crop productivity. Therefore, the indirect effect of farming intensity on crop productivity through a change of weed pressure was positive and accounted for 7% of the total (direct + indirect) effect of farming intensity on crop productivity. The indirect effect of farming intensity on crop productivity varied by preceding crop (3.6% and 23% with a winter and spring/summer preceding crop, respectively) and herbicide use (14.1% and 2.1% when herbicide use was less and more than the regional reference, respectively) and weed pressure (0.5% and 2.6% when the total weed abundance after weeding was less and more than 2 individuals m(-2), respectively). From the path model, we quantified the direct and indirect effects of farming intensity on crop productivity to show that effective weed management can sustain crop production in cropping systems with reduced herbicide use.
Published: 2017

38. A multiparametric approach to discriminate the impacts of different degrees of invasiveness of surgical procedures in sheep

Author: Denys Durand, Alain Boissy, M. Faure, A. de Boyer des Roches, V. Paulmier, A. de la Foye, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)
Subjects: Male, Hydrocortisone, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Pituitary-Adrenal System, ruminant, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, 0403 veterinary science, surgery, Random Allocation, stress, ovin, pain, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, biology, Behavior, Animal, Haptoglobin, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Animal culture, medicine.anatomical_structure, Anesthesia, medicine.symptom, medicine.drug, medicine.medical_specialty, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Rumen, mouton, 040301 veterinary sciences, Duodenum, Ileum, Inflammation, Autonomic Nervous System, SF1-1100, Catheterization, multiparametric approach, medicine, Animals, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Sheep, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Multiparametric Analysis, 0402 animal and dairy science, stress oxydatif, Surgical procedures, 040201 dairy & animal science, Surgery, Autonomic nervous system, intervention chirurgicale, biology.protein, Animal Science and Zoology
Abstract: Epub 2017 May 04; Traumatic situations in animals induce responses including pain, expressed through behavioural and physiological pathways such as inflammation, oxidative stress, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and autonomic nervous system. As some of these systems can also be activated during excitement and situations with a positive valence, their use as a means to assess pain response is difficult. We explored (i) how these five aforementioned pathways change in sheep exposed to various degrees of invasiveness of surgical procedures despite a therapeutic regimen and (ii) whether a multiparametric analysis that combines information from these five pathways enhances the discrimination between these situations, and estimates the relative importance of these pathways in the response. We used 24 adult sheep split into four treatments: Control (C; no fasting, no anaesthesia, no surgery), Sham (S; fasting, anaesthesia, no surgery), Rumen Canulation (R; fasting, anaesthesia, rumen cannulation) and Rumen-Duodenal-Ileum cannulation (RDI; fasting, anaesthesia, cannulation of the rumen, duodenum and ileum). Sheep' responses were measured for 5 days after surgery. When considering each behavioural or physiological pathway independently, discrimination between treatments was acceptable, its sensitivity (Se) ranging from 0% to 100%, and its specificity (Sp) ranging from 62% to 100%. The multiparametric analysis gathering information from the five pathways enhanced the effectiveness of discrimination between treatments (Se, 50% to 100%; Sp, 82% to 100%), and gave additional information on the relative contribution of each pathway to the global sheep response. Sheep global response was higher when exposed to a surgery, and increased with the surgery invasiveness. This response relied mostly on inflammation (absolute correlation for haptoglobin, 0.89), HPA (cortisol, 0.85) and behaviour (antalgic postures, 0.85). The multiparametric approach seems to be a promising tool to discriminate between different degrees of invasiveness of surgical procedures.
Published: 2017

39. Innover en territorialisant : quel est le prix à payer ? Analyse des coûts de transaction du programme LEADER 2007-2013 en Auvergne et Bourgogne

Author: Marielle Berriet-Solliec, Dominique Vollet, Denis Lépicier, Centre d'Economie et de Sociologie Rurales Appliquées à l'Agriculture et aux Espaces Ruraux (CESAER), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Mutations des activités des espaces et des formes d'organisation dans les territoires ruraux (UMR METAFORT), AgroParisTech-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Mutations des activités des espaces et des formes d'organisation dans les territoires ruraux (METAFORT), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroParisTech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Centre d'Economie et de Sociologie Rurales Appliquées à l'Agriculture et aux Espaces Ruraux ( CESAER ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Mutations des activités des espaces et des formes d'organisation dans les territoires ruraux ( METAFORT ), and AgroParisTech-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture ( IRSTEA )
Subjects: LEADER, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], gouvernance, économie institutionnelle, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 05 social sciences, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 021107 urban & regional planning, 02 engineering and technology, 0502 economics and business, 8. Economic growth, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, innovations territoriales, 050202 agricultural economics & policy, politique agricole, General Environmental Science
Abstract: [Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [TR1_IRSTEA]DTAM [Axe_IRSTEA]DTAM2-ACPUB; This paper analyses the process of innovation in the LEADER program by assessing the advantages of the territorialization process with respect to a top-down policy and its limitations in terms of transaction costs. An empirical analysis of the 2007-2013 LEADER program is applied to two French regions: Auvergne (in south central France) and Burgundy (in east central France). The estimation of these costs highlights the difficulties faced by project leaders (especially private actors), in particular due to the complexity of the financial packages involved, but points above all to the costs generated by territorial engineering and the human capital of stakeholders, which are at the same time both recognized as key factors for promoting the territorialization process.; Le caractère innovant du programme LEADER est analysé, dans cet article, à l’aune des avantages du processus de territorialisation par rapport à une politique descendante et de ses limites en termes de coûts de transaction. L’analyse est appliquée au programme LEADER 2007-2013 dans les régions Auvergne et Bourgogne, plus précisément à quatre projets de ces deux régions. L’estimation de ces coûts conclut à des valeurs élevées pour les porteurs de projet (notamment privés), en particulier en raison de la complexité du montage financier, mais pointe surtout le coût généré par l’ingénierie territoriale et la formation des parties prenantes qui sont identifiées comme deux facteurs essentiels pour la mise en œuvre du programme LEADER.
Published: 2016

40. Polychlorobiphenyls in freshwater fish: a new strategy to set maximum contamination limits

Author: Aurélie Mahé, Pierre-Marie Badot, Carole Vigreux-Besret, Gilles Rivière, Virginie Desvignes, Cyril Feidt, Jean-Luc Volatier, Xavier Laffray, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Unité de Recherches Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (URAFPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety [Maisons-Alfort] ( ANSES ), ANSES, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Unité de Recherches Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux ( URAFPA ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL )
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, chaîne alimentaire, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Population, Food Contamination, Fresh Water, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, pop, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Food chain, consumption recommendations, Animals, 14. Life underwater, education, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Pollutant, education.field_of_study, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], areas of health concern, biology, recommandation alimentaire, Fishes, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Aquatic animal, General Chemistry, General Medicine, dietary allowance, polychlorobiphényle, Contamination, biology.organism_classification, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, 6. Clean water, Fishery, food chain, 13. Climate action, Freshwater fish, Regression Analysis, Environmental science, %22">Fish , Food Science, Food contaminant
Abstract: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants accumulating along the food chain, and particularly in fish. Consequently, the European Commission has set regulatory limits for PCBs in both sea- and freshwater fish. Focusing on freshwater fish, the French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety has developed a method to determine the areas in France where the consumption of locally caught freshwater fish is not recommended due to PCB contamination. To determine these areas of potential health concern, an existing statistical model of the relationship between the consumption of local fish by freshwater anglers and their PCB body burden is linked to a newly determined critical PCB body burden threshold for the population. The main conclusions of this study are that the consumption of two freshwater fish per week from rivers in the areas of France where the median contamination level in fish is greater than 250 ngg(-1) could lead to some exceedance of the critical body burden threshold.
Published: 2016

41. Data on characterization of nano- and micro-structures resulting from glycine betaine surfactant/kappa-carrageenan interactions by Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy

Author: Cédric Gaillard, Rudy Covis, Maud Benoit, Thierry Benvegnu, Yunhui Wang, Thomas Vives, Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages (BIA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d׳étude et de Valorisation des Algues, ANR-10-BTBR-04, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages ( BIA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes ( ISCR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études et de valorisation des algues (CEVA), ANR-10-BTBR-0004,IDEALG,Biotechnologies pour la valorisation des macroalgues(2010), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Analytical chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, lcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Betaine, Pulmonary surfactant, Amide, Nano, lcsh:Science (General), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Data Article, chemistry.chemical_classification, Electrostatic interactions, Multidisciplinary, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Chemistry, Glycine betaine surfactant/kappa-carrageenan complexes, Cationic polymerization, Polymer, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Nano- and micro-structures, 0104 chemical sciences, Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy, Chemical engineering, Transmission electron microscopy, Glycine, lcsh:R858-859.7, 0210 nano-technology, lcsh:Q1-390
Abstract: This article contains data on the Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy (LSCM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images related to multi-scaled self-assemblies resulting from 'green' cationic glycine betaine surfactant/anionic kappa-carrageenan interactions. These data gave clear evidence of the evolution of the micron-, nano-sized structures obtained at two surfactant/polymer molar ratios (3.5 and 0.8) and after the dilution of the aqueous dispersions with factors of 5 and 10 times. This data article is related to the research article entitled, "Monitoring the architecture of anionic ĸ-carrageenan/cationic glycine betaine amide surfactant assemblies by dilution: A multiscale approach" (Gaillard et al., 2017) [1].
Published: 2016
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42. Flavin-Dependent Methylation of RNAs: Complex Chemistry for a Simple Modification

Author: Henri Grosjean, Marc Fontecave, Djemel Hamdane, Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques ( LCPB ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Structure et dynamique des ARN ( RNAStr ), Département Biologie des Génomes ( DBG ), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule ( I2BC ), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule ( I2BC ), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ), Chaire Chimie des processus biologiques, Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques (LCPB), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Structure et dynamique des ARN (RNAStr), Département Biologie des Génomes (DBG), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Collège de France - Chaire Chimie des processus biologiques
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, S-Adenosylmethionine, Methyltransferase, Stereochemistry, RNA methylation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Flavin group, methylation mechanism, Methylation, Cofactor, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Structural Biology, flavoenzyme, Molecular Biology, Tetrahydrofolates, Flavin adenine dinucleotide, tRNA Methyltransferases, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030102 biochemistry & molecular biology, biology, 5-methyluridine, RNA, Iminium, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide, biology.protein, methyltransferase
Abstract: International audience; RNA methylation is the most abundant and evolutionarily conserved chemical modification of bases or ribose in noncoding and coding RNAs. This rather simple modification has nevertheless major consequences on the function of maturated RNA molecules and ultimately on their cellular fates. The methyl group employed in the methylation is almost universally derived from S-adenosyl-L-methionine via a simple SN2 displacement reaction. However, in some rare cases, the carbon originates from N5,N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (CH2=THF). Here, a methylene group is transferred first and requires a subsequent reduction step (2e-+H+) via the flavin adenine dinucleotide hydroquinone (FADH-) to form the final methylated derivative. This FAD/folate-dependent mode of chemical reaction, called reductive methylation, is thus far more complex than the usual simple S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent one. This reaction is catalyzed by flavoenzymes, now named TrmFO and RlmFO, which respectively modify transfer and ribosomal RNAs. In this review, we briefly recount how these new RNA methyltransferases were discovered and describe a novel aspect of the chemistry of flavins, wherein this versatile biological cofactor is not just a simple redox catalyst but is also a new methyl transfer agent acting via a critical CH2=(N5)FAD iminium intermediate. The enigmatic structural reorganization of these enzymes that needs to take place during catalysis in order to build their active center is also discussed. Finally, recent findings demonstrated that this flavin-dependent mechanism is also employed by enzymatic systems involved in DNA synthesis, suggesting that the use of this cofactor as a methylating agent of biomolecules could be far more usual than initially anticipated.
Published: 2016

43. Dataset of differentially regulated proteins in HUVECs challenged with wild type and UGM1 mutant Aspergillus fumigatus strains

Author: Marcel Lyra Cunha, Gustavo H.M.F. Souza, Nathalia Curty, Gabriela W. P. Neves, Thierry Fontaine, Paula H. Kubitschek-Barreira, Anne Beauvais, Leila M. Lopes-Bezerra, Gustavo H. Goldman, Jean-Paul Latgé, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro [Rio de Janeiro] (UERJ), Aspergillus, Institut Pasteur [Paris], MS Applications Research and Development Laboratory, Waters Corporation, Waters Technologies Brazil, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto [São Paulo], Universidade de São Paulo (USP), This work was financially supported through grants from the Fundação Carlos Chagas de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (FAPERJ), grants E-26/100.329/2014 and E-26/102819/2012. LMLB is a research fellow of Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Faperj, and GWPN is a PhD Nota 10 fellow of FAPERJ., Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro [Rio de Janeiro] ( UERJ ), Universidade de São Paulo ( USP ), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), and Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Galactosaminogalactan, Mutant, Context (language use), Aspergillosis, lcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, Microbiology, Aspergillus fumigatus, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, HUVEC, medicine, lcsh:Science (General), Pathogen, UGM1 mutant, [ SDV.MP.MYC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Data Article, GAG, Multidisciplinary, 030102 biochemistry & molecular biology, biology, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Wild type, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, PROTEOME, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Proteome, Invasive aspergillosis, lcsh:R858-859.7, lcsh:Q1-390
Abstract: International audience; Invasive aspergillosis is the primary opportunistic invasive fungal infection described in neutropenic hematologic patients, caused by the angioinvasive pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. The molecular mechanisms associated with A. fumigatus infection in the vascular endothelium are poorly understood. In this context, we used a high-throughput proteomic approach to unveil the proteins modulated in HUVECs after interaction with a wild type strain and the UGM1 mutant (Δugm1) of A. fumigatus. The proteomic analysis was also performed in HUVECs challenged with a galactosaminogalactan (GAG) purified from A. fumigatus cell wall. The dataset presented here correspond to all proteins identified that fit a 2-fold change criteria (log 2 ratio ≥ 1 or ≤ -1), disregarding the statistical validation cut off, in order to supplement the research article entitled "Modifications to the composition of the hyphal outer layer of Aspergillus fumigatus modulates the HUVEC proteins associated with inflammatory and stress responses" (G.W.P. Neves, N.A. Curty, P.H. Kubitschek-Barreira, T. Fontaine, G.H.M.F. Souza, M. Lyra Cunha, G.H. Goldman, A. Beauvais, J.P. Latgé, L.M. Lopes-Bezerra, 2016) [1]. The mass spectrometry proteomic data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository with the dataset identifier PRIDE: PXD002823.
Published: 2016

44. Systematics of U–Th disequilibrium in calcrete profiles: Lessons from southwest India

Author: Yanni Gunnell, Bruno Hamelin, Nicolas Durand, Pierre Deschamps, Pierre Curmi, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Information et des Systèmes ( LSIS ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Arts et Métiers Paristech ENSAM Aix-en-Provence-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Polytech Marseille, Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ), Institut Pythéas ( OSU PYTHEAS ), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture ( IRSTEA ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre Européen de Recherche et d'Enseignement des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Plateforme de géochimie isotopique ASTER-CEREGE, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement de géosciences de l'environnement ( CEREGE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Ouest] ), Environnement Ville Société / Institut de Recherches Géographiques (EVS/IRG), Université de Lyon (COMUE), Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Information et des Systèmes (LSIS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Arts et Métiers Paristech ENSAM Aix-en-Provence-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Ouest]), Université de Lyon, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Arts et Métiers Paristech ENSAM Aix-en-Provence-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: weathering profile, 010506 paleontology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Geochemistry, Mineralogy, Impure carbonate, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Southwest India, impure carbonate, Geochemistry and Petrology, U-series, Parent rock, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Isochron, Isochron dating, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Weathering profile, Geology, Secular equilibrium, Authigenic, 15. Life on land, southwest India, Calcrete, Pedogenesis, chemistry, 13. Climate action, calcrete, isochron, Soil horizon, Carbonate
Abstract: EASPEBIOmEAGROSUP; Pedogenic carbonates (calcretes) have often been proposed as possible markers of the pedogenetic processes in soils under semi-arid climate. However, precise chronological constraints on, their formation are required in order to investigate the climatic and paleo-environmental conditions that prevailed during and after their formation, and to improve our understanding of the, physical and chemical conditions that promoted their development and preservation. Moreover, these authigenic calcium carbonate precipitates provide us with an interesting test of the U-Th radioactive disequilibrium dating method, the reliability of which has been demonstrated extensively in aragonitic corals and calcitic continental speleothems, but which remains much more questionable in highly porous, chemically and mineralogically complex media such as soil profiles. We report here U-238-U-234-Th-230 radioactive disequilibrium analyses measured by Thermo-Ionization Mass Spectrometry in calcretes from two sites in southwest India. Since calcretes are impure carbonates mixed with various amounts of parent rock and weathered minerals, all ages must be computed using the isochron technique, involving the extraction of several coeval subsamples from the same soil horizon and U-Th analyses after total dissolution (TSD) method, in order to correct for the detrital component. Th-232 is usually used as index of the detrital contamination, and the isochron age is derived from the isotopic composition (Th-230/U-238; U-234/U-238) of the pure authigenic carbonate end-member of the mixing line. Our results show that each set of samples taken from decimetric blocks is characterized by a well-defined isochron line in a 3-D Osmond diagram (Th-232/U-238; Th-230/U-238; U-234/U-238). The regression lines obtained for most of the samples show probabilities of fit satisfying the mathematical assumptions of the isochron model (in most cases 0.05), and mean square weighted deviations (MSWD) values around 1. The compositions of the end-members are highly variable between the different isochrons, both for the carbonate phase, indicating various ages of cristallisation, and for the detrital phase, indicating various origins and compositions. Notably, our data demonstrate that the detrital component is in all cases out of secular equilibrium, by contrast with the standard paradigm of "dirty carbonate" dating, which is based on the assumption of average continental crust Th/U elemental ratio, and secular equilibrium values of the ((Th-230/U-238) and (U-234/U-238) ratios. At the first site (Coimbatore), we obtain U-Th ages between 304 +/- 38 ka and 44 +/- 2.9 ka (2 sigma) from the base to the top of the profile. These suggest discontinuous precipitation of the different fades in good agreement with micro morphological observations. At the second study site (Gundlupet), the carbonate nodules sampled from two different profiles, yield consistent ages of 200 ka, which suggests that precipitation of nodular carbonate occurred across the entire pediment toposequence during a single event. Surprisingly, in mere contradiction with the standard model of impure carbonate dating, two puzzling samples display "vertical isochrons", i.e., variable Th-232/U-238 without any variation of the Th-230/U-238 and U-234/U-238 ratios. Such patterns require extremely high Th-232/U-238 ratios, in an as yet unidentified detrital phase. Taken at face value, these results suggest that no clear correlation can be inferred between the precipitation of these pedogenic carbonates and major orbitally-driven climate variations recorded in other archives during the last glacial/interglacial cycles.
Published: 2016

45. CT scan assessment in salivary gland lithiasis diagnosis

Author: Cyrille Chossegros, S. Avignon, Nicolas Graillon, Jean Marc Foletti, M.A. Gardon, Service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale et de stomatologie [Hôpital de la Conception - APHM], Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Hôpital de la Conception [CHU - APHM] (LA CONCEPTION), Hôpital Nord [CHU - APHM], Laboratoire Parole et Langage (LPL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), RNCFS d'Arjuzanx, and Office National de la Chasse
Subjects: CT scan, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Computed tomography, Lithiasis, Salivary glands, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [ SDV.MHEP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Diagnosis, [SDV.MHEP.AHA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], medicine, Humans, Parotid Gland, In patient, Statistical analysis, [ SDV.MHEP.CHI ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Surgery, Radionuclide Imaging, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Salivary gland, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, 030206 dentistry, Predictive value, 3. Good health, medicine.anatomical_structure, Otorhinolaryngology, Surgery, Oral Surgery, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Nuclear medicine, business
Abstract: International audience; INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to assess computed tomography (CT) scan efficiency for the diagnosis of salivary lithiasis.METHODS: Patients who were included were all the patients who consulted in our department for main salivary gland (submandibular and parotid) obstruction symptoms between June 2014 and December 2016. A CT scan without injection was prescribed for all of them. The 163 patients were divided into two groups after the CT scan: patients with and without lithiasis. During surgery, we confirmed the presence or absence of the lithiasis previously diagnosed on the CT scan. The patients were divided in two groups: case and control groups. For statistical analysis, the sensitivity, specificity, and the negative and positive predictive values of the preoperative CT scan were calculated.RESULTS: A total of 163 patients with a salivary obstructive syndrome were included. On the CT scans, we found lithiases (hyperdense images) in 157 glands ("CT scan⊕" group), and we found no lithiasis in 6 glands ("CT scan" group). In the "CT scan⊕" group, 203 lithiases were present. During surgery, we found and removed lithiases in 155 patients (case group), and 8 patients had no lithiases (control group). The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive values of the CT scan for the detection of lithiasis were 100%, 75%, 99%, and 100%, respectively. The specificity of CT scans for the lithiasis located in the anterior and middle third of the duct was 100%.DISCUSSION: According to our study, the CT scan is very efficient in diagnosing salivary main gland lithiases in patients with an obstructive syndrome.Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Published: 2018

46. Effects of the Competitive Season on the Isokinetic Muscle Parameters Changes in World-Class Handball Players

Author: Pierre Louis Bernard, Olivier Maurelli, Romain Dubois, Said Ahmaidi, Jacques Prioux, Adaptations Physiologiques à l'Exercice et Réadaptation à l'effort - UR UPJV 3300 (APERE), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-CHU Amiens-Picardie, Euromov (EuroMov), Université de Montpellier (UM), Mouvement, Équilibre, Performance, Santé (MEPS), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Laboratoire Mouvement Sport Santé (M2S), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), EA 3300 APS et Conduites Motrices, Université de Picardie Jules Verne ( UPJV ), Euromov ( EuroMov ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] ( CHRU Montpellier ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Mouvement, Équilibre, Performance, Santé ( MEPS ), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour ( UPPA ), Laboratoire Mouvement Sport Santé ( M2S ), École normale supérieure - Cachan ( ENS Cachan ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Université de Rennes 2 ( UR2 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), and Université de Rennes (UR)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Competitive Behavior, Strength training, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hamstring Muscles, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Concentric, World class, Quadriceps Muscle, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, medicine, Eccentric, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Muscle Strength, Mathematics, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030229 sport sciences, General Medicine, Lower Extremity, Torque, Hamstring, Muscle Contraction, Sports
Abstract: International audience; Maurelli, O, Bernard, PL, Dubois, R, Ahmaidi, S, and Prioux, J. Effects of the competitive season on the isokinetic muscle parameters changes in world-class handball players. J Strength Cond Res 33(10): 2778-2787, 2019-The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the competitive season on isokinetic muscular parameters of the lower limbs in world-class handball players. Nineteen, male, world-class, handball players (age, 26.6 ± 5.4 years) participated in the study. Two bilateral isokinetic tests of knee joint flexors (H; hamstring) and extensors (Q; quadriceps) were performed in the beginning and end of the competitive season to determine the peak torque (PT), the mean power, and agonist-antagonist ratio, dominant-nondominant ratio (DNDR), and combined ratio. The results showed a significant decrease in PT values at low angular velocity (60°·s) in concentric mode for Q on dominant leg (p < 0.001). The other PT values for dominant and nondominant legs at low and high angular velocities (240°·s) and in eccentric mode (30°·s) were not significantly different for Q and H. For mean power, values did not change at 60°·s. At 240°·s, we found a significant decrease in H for dominant leg (p < 0.001) but not for nondominant leg. In eccentric mode, the results showed a significant increase on both legs (p < 0.001). For the ratios, values significantly decreased for DNDR at 60°·s for Q (p < 0.03) and for agonist/antagonist ratio at 240°·s for the dominant leg (p < 0.01). The present results highlight the importance of integrating regular strength training sessions during the competitive season in world-class handball players. Accordingly, this study should help trainers to modify their planning to maximize strength and power qualities of the lower limbs of their players in addition to avoiding injuries.
Published: 2019

47. Stochastic modeling for biotechnologies Anaerobic model AM2b

Author: Campillo , Fabien, Chebbi , Mohsen, Toumi , Salwa, Mathématiques pour les Neurosciences (MATHNEURO), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tunis (ENIT), Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie - Carthage (INSAT Carthage)
Subjects: [ MATH ] Mathematics [math], pure jump process, modèle AM2b, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], diffusion approximation, approximation diffusion, ordinary differential equation, stochastic differential equation, AM2b model, [ CHIM ] Chemical Sciences, processus de saut pur, équation différentielle stochastique, équation différentielle ordinaire, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, [MATH]Mathematics [math]
Abstract: Le modèle AM2b est classiquement représenté par un système d'équations différentielles. Toutefois ce modèle n'est valide qu'en grande population et notre objectif est d'établir plusieurs mo-dèles stochastiques à différentes échelles. À l'échelle microscopique, on propose un modèle sto-chastique de saut pur que l'on peut simuler de fa con exacte. Mais dans la plupart des situations ce genre de simulation n'est pas réaliste, et nous proposons des méthodes de simulation approchées de type poissonnien ou de type diffusif. La méthode de simulation de type diffusif peut être vue comme une discrétisation d'une équation différentielle stochastique. Nous présentons enfin de fa con infor-melle un résultat de type loi des grands nombres/théorème central limite fonctionnelle qui démontre la convergence de ses modèles stochastiques vers le modèles déterministe initial., The model AM2b is conventionally represented by a system of differential equations. However, this model is valid only in a large population context and our objective is to establish several stochastic models at different scales. At a microscopic scale, we propose a pure jump stochastic model that can be simulated exactly. But in most situations this exact simulation is not feasible, and we propose approximate simulation methods of Poisson type and of diffusive type. The diffusive type simulation method can be seen as a discretization of a stochastic differential equation. Finally, we formally present a result of law of large numbers and of functional central limit theorem which demonstrates the convergence of these stochastic models towards the initial deterministic models.
Published: 2019

48. Dissociating thalamic alterations in Alcohol Use Disorder defines specificity of Korsakoff syndrome

Author: Ludivine Ritz, François Vabret, Hélène Beaunieux, Shailendra Segobin, Laurent Urso, Anne-Lise Pitel, Céline Boudehent, Coralie Lannuzel, Francis Eustache, Nicolas Cabé, Alice Laniepce, Neuropsychologie et imagerie de la mémoire humaine (NIMH), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service d'Addictologie [CHU Caen], CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Service d’Addictologie [CH Roubaix], CH de Roubaix, This study was funded by Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale (FRM, ING20140129160), ANR Retour post-doctorant 2010, Conseil Regional Basse Normandie, and MILDECA., U1077, U1077, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Neuropsychologie et imagerie de la mémoire humaine ( NIMH ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), and Service d’Addictologie [CHU Caen]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Thalamus, mediodorsal thalamic nuclei, Hippocampus, Amnesia, behavioral disciplines and activities, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, mental disorders, medicine, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Prefrontal cortex, Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], business.industry, Papez circuit, segmentation, Precentral gyrus, Korsakoff’s syndrome, medicine.disease, diffusion tensor imaging, anterior thalamic nuclei, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, nervous system, [ SDV.NEU ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, Korsakoff's syndrome, business, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; The thalamus, a relay organ consisting of several nuclei, is shared between the frontocerebellar circuit and the Papez circuit, both particularly affected in alcohol use disorder. Shrinkage of the thalamus is known to be more severe in alcoholics with Korsakoff's syndrome than in those without neurological complications (uncomplicated alcoholics). While thalamic atrophy could thus be a key factor explaining amnesia in Korsakoff's syndrome, the loci and nature of alterations within the thalamic nuclei in uncomplicated alcoholics and alcoholics with Korsakoff's syndrome remains unclear. Indeed, the literature from animal and human models is disparate regarding whether the anterior thalamic nuclei, or the mediodorsal nuclei are particularly affected and would be responsible for amnesia. Sixty-two participants (20 healthy controls, 26 uncomplicated alcoholics and 16 patients with Korsakoff's syndrome) underwent a diffusion tensor imaging sequence and T1-weighted MRI. State-of-the-art probabilistic tractography was used to segment the thalamus according to its connections to the prefrontal cortex and cerebellar Cruses I and II for the frontocerebellar circuit's executive loop, the precentral gyrus and cerebellar lobes IV-VI for the frontocerebellar circuit's motor loop, and hippocampus for the Papez circuit. The connectivity and volumes of these parcellations were calculated. Tractography showed that the hippocampus was principally connected to the anterior thalamic nuclei while the prefrontal cortex was principally connected to the mediodorsal nuclei. The fibre pathways connecting these brain regions and their respective thalamic nuclei have also been validated. ANCOVA, with age and gender as covariates, on connectivity measures showed abnormalities in both patient groups for thalamic parcellations connected to the hippocampus only [F(2,57) = 12.1; P < 0.0001; η2 = 0.2964; with graded effects of the number of connections from controls to uncomplicated alcoholics to Korsakoff's syndrome]. Atrophy, on the other hand, was observed for the prefrontal parcellation in both patient groups and to the same extent compared to controls [F(2,56) = 18.7; P < 0.0001; η2 = 0.40]. For the hippocampus parcellation, atrophy was found in the Korsakoff's syndrome group only [F(2,56) = 5.5; P = 0.006; η2 = 0.170, corrected for multiple comparisons using Bonferroni, P < 0.01]. Post hoc Tukey's test for unequal sample sizes, healthy controls > patients with Korsakoff's syndrome (P = 0.0036). Two different mechanisms seem to affect the thalamus. In the frontocerebellar circuit, atrophy of the mediodorsal nuclei may lead to the alterations, whereas in the Papez circuit, disconnection between the anterior nuclei and hippocampus may be the leading factor. Shrinkage of the anterior nuclei could be specific to patients with Korsakoff's syndrome, hence a potential neuroimaging marker of its pathophysiology, or more generally of thalamic amnesia for which Korsakoff's syndrome has historically been used as a model.
Published: 2019

49. Enhanced recovery after hepatectomy : a systematic review

Author: Hélène Beloeil, Pauline Rouxel, Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Nutrition, Métabolismes et Cancer (NuMeCan), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Jonchère, Laurent, Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] ( CIC ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Nutrition, Métabolismes et Cancer ( NuMeCan ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)
Subjects: Liver surgery, Laparoscopic surgery, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV.MHEP.CHI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Surgery, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV.MHEP.CHI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Surgery, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Patient Readmission, 03 medical and health sciences, Postoperative Complications, 0302 clinical medicine, hepatectomy, Enhanced recovery, Cause of Death, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], business.industry, Liver Diseases, General surgery, Mortality rate, Postoperative complication, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, [SDV.MHEP.HEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, General Medicine, Length of Stay, Readmission rate, [SDV.MHEP.HEG] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, 3. Good health, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Quality of Life, Laparoscopy, Fast track, Hepatectomy, Enhanced Recovery After Surgery, business, ERP, Program Evaluation
Abstract: International audience; Background: Hepatectomy is a surgery with high postoperative complication rates. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) clinical pathways in liver surgery have been studied and may become a standard of care. However, few specific recommendations have been published so far.Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of the enhanced recovery program in liver surgery.Methods: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing ERAS group with traditional care published between 2007 and 2017 were included in this review. The outcomes were length of stay (LoS), complications, mortality and readmission rate for all liver surgeries except transplantation.Results: Five hundred and twenty-four patients randomised in 4 RCTs were analysed. Two hundred and fifty-four patients were in ERAS group and 270 patients in traditional care (TC) group. Two studies compared cares in laparoscopic surgery and 2 in open surgery. Postoperative LoS was significantly lower in the ERAS group whereas readmission and mortality rate were similar. ERAS group had also significant lower complication rate in 2 studies of the 4. The complication rate in the 2 other studies was similar.Conclusion: ERAS protocols in liver surgery appeared to be safe and effective. Recent recommendations from the ERAS group in liver surgery are the only ones published so far. Other studies evaluating ERAS components in liver surgery and recommendations from scientific societies are needed to spread this clinical care pathway.
Published: 2019

50. Effect of a brief motivational intervention in reducing alcohol consumption in the emergency department a randomized controlled trial

Author: Cristina Diaz Gomez, Romain Moirand, Nathalie Le Garjean, Muriel Lasbleiz, François Jerome Kerdiles, Abdelouahab Bellou, Marcus Ngantcha, Nadine Brouard, Mathieu Perennes, Caroline Le Lan, Observatoire Français des Drogues et toxicomanies, CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Service des urgences [Rennes] = Emergency [Rennes], Foie, métabolismes et cancer, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Service des urgences [Rennes], Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), and Harvard Medical School [Boston] ( HMS )
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Alcohol Drinking, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Alcohol, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Intervention (counseling), Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, Motivation, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], business.industry, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Emergency department, Confidence interval, humanities, 3. Good health, chemistry, Relative risk, Emergency Medicine, Physical therapy, Female, business, Emergency Service, Hospital, Alcohol consumption, Alcoholic Intoxication
Abstract: International audience; Background - Introduction to alcohol consumption early in life increases the risk of alcohol dependency and hence motivational interventions are needed in young patients visiting the emergency department (ED). Aim - This study aims to investigate the efficacy of a brief motivational intervention in reducing alcohol consumption among young ED patients. Patients and methods - This was a blind randomized controlled trial with follow-up at 3 months. Patients were stratified on the basis of age and blood alcohol level of 0.5 g/l or more. A total of 263 patients aged 16-24 were randomized, with 132 patients in the brief motivational intervention group and 131 in the control group, with data collection at 3 months. From September 2011 to July 2012, a psychologist performed the brief motivational intervention 5 days after the patients' discharge. A phone call was made at 1 and 2 months. The control group received a self-assessment leaflet. The reduction in consumption was determined on the basis of the number of drinks consumed in the last week prior to the survey. Results - The mean reduction between number of drinks at baseline and number of drinks at 3 months in the control group was 0.3 and that in the intervention group was 0.9. This reduction in alcohol use in the brief motivational intervention group was not significant. The study did not show an association between brief motivational intervention and repeated drunkenness [relative risk (RR): 0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.79-1.24], alcohol consumption at least once a month (RR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.31-2.10) and alcohol consumption at least 10 times during the month (RR: 1.1, 95% CI: 0.96-1.26). Conclusion - We did not observe a significant decrease in alcohol consumption among the youth. Further studies are needed to confirm the positive impact of a brief motivational intervention in the ED.
Published: 2019

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