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A sodium Doppler lidar system with three‐directional measurements of sodium density, atmospheric wind field, and temperature was established at Zhongshan (69.4°S, 76.4°E), Antarctica. On November 14, 2019, a sporadic sodium layer (SSL) was observed at an altitude range of 93–103 km. The temporal/spatial sodium density variations of this SSL are associated with a strong sporadic E (Es) layer at nearly the same height, which is modulated by the convective electric field. By considering the structures and the time lags of the SSL's growth at three positions, the SSL appears to have a horizontal advection in an approximately westward direction with a velocity of the order of 80 m/s. This is consistent with the zonal wind velocity derived from the lidar system itself. The temporal/spatial sodium density variations strongly indicate that the formation and perturbation of SSLs are related to the evolution of ES layers due to varied electric fields and atmospheric gravity waves, while it is advected by the horizontal wind. Plain Language Summary: A sporadic E layer (Es) could be formed by metallic ions and then modified or transported by the action of magnetospheric electric fields in the high latitude ionosphere. It has been widely proposed that Es layers play an important role in the formation of sporadic sodium layers (SSL), but detailed studies of their dynamic process and evolution are still lacking. A three‐frequency Sodium (Na) resonance fluorescence Doppler lidar has been recently deployed by the Polar Research Institute of China, which could measure the sodium density, temperature, and wind profiles simultaneously in three directions. To clarify the dynamic properties of Es/SSL, we have performed observations of an event at Zhongshan Station (69.4°S, 76.4°E), Antarctica, which includes sodium density profiles and wind velocity measured by the multidirectional lidar system, detection of the Es layer by a collocated Digisonde radar, F region ion velocity, that is, electric field, derived by the SuperDARN HF radar network, as well as gravity wave perturbations determined from the Davis medium frequency radar. Key Points: Separation of temporal/spatial variations in sporadic sodium layer (SSLs) is observed by a three‐directional lidar system at Zhongshan, AntarcticaThe formation and perturbance of SSLs are associated with a sporadic E layer at the same heightThe SSLs are advected by the background wind [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Total ozone errors for satellite observations at Zhongshan Station in Antarctica are characterized using their relative difference ( RD) from ground-based Brewer observations during 1993-2015. All satellite total ozone observations slightly overestimated ground-based ones (with RD less than 4%). This is in contrast to conclusions drawn from global-scale validation studies, where main ground-based reference stations are located in middle latitudes. Given multiple total ozone data per day at Zhongshan Station, observed by a sun synchronous orbit satellite, measurements at the lowest solar zenith angle (SZA) show greatest consistency with Brewer ones, having an overall RD of −0.02-1.15%. Algorithm-retrieved total ozone data from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS), including Solar Backscatter Ultra Violet (SBUV), TOMS-Earth Probe (EP), Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI)-TOMS, show best agreement with ground-based values; followed by the Global Ozone Measurement Experiment-type Direct Fitting (GOD-FIT) algorithm for the GOME-2A, and finally the Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) -Algorithm retrieved products for satellites-detectors of Global Ozone Measurement Experiment (GOME), Scanning Imaging Absorption spectroMetr for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY), and OMI. Satellite total ozone RD presents some statistical characteristics, but no specific trends. DOAS and GOME-2A algorithms have values that significantly increase, when the SZA is above 60°-70°, whereas values for GOME-2A decrease, when the SZA is 80-85°. Satellite total ozone RD is a minimum, when the Brewer total ozone is 300-350 DU, with an obvious increase in RD values for DOAS- and GOME-2A, when the Brewer total ozone is 150-300 DU. Satellite total ozone RD obviously increases, as the time difference between satellite overpasses and Brewer measurements grows. Specifically, RD rises as the absolute time difference increases to more than 4 h, yielding an OMI-TOMS RD of more than 10% as this difference increases to 8 h. The DOAS- RD may be up to 15%, while GOME-2A RD does not exceed 10%. The satellite total ozone RD may reach −5%, as the distance between the satellite overpass pixel and the station become more than 100 km. Possibly because of the discrepancy in surface albedo, the TOMS-algorithm retrieved total ozone produced underestimation, when the pixel on the south-east side of the station (the Antarctica continent) is used, but overestimation on the north-west side of the station (the Indian Ocean). Consistency between space and ground-based total ozone data is least for the 'ozone hole'. Typically, the RD of TOMS-algorithm retrieved total ozone is within 1%/10 yr. Thus, the SBUV and Brewer monthly averaged total ozone anomalies from 1996 to 2015 were 1%/10 yr and 0.9%/10 yr, respectively. Both indicate slight, but consistent, ozone layer recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using repeat GPS measurements during 2005–16, we calculated and updated two-dimensional high-resolution decadal ice surface velocity estimates along the traverse route from Zhongshan Station to and around Dome Argus, East Antarctica. Along the 71 sites of the transect, the magnitudes of ice velocity increased from near 0 in Dome Argus to 1, 10 and ~100 m a−1 at the sites DT416, DT333 and LT980, respectively. The comparison between GPS and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) derived results agree well when the magnitude of the ice surface velocities is faster than 5 m a−1, and disagree for slower flow velocities. A scale value 1.15 and 0.12 can be applied to InSAR derived results over this region with ice surface velocity larger and <5 m a−1, respectively. We attributed the cause of the discrepancy to the insensitivity of InSAR to the magnitude of low ice surface velocities, thus confirming the importance of GPS fieldwork-based ground truth high-resolution ice velocity estimates to constrain ice-sheet dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Residence at Zhongshan Station (69°22'24″S, 76°22'40″E) for over 1 year exposes winter-over members to marked changes of light-dark cycle, ranging from the constant daylight of polar days to the constant darkness of polar nights, in addition to geographic and social isolation. This extreme photoperiodic environment may increase the risk of sleep disturbances and circadian desynchrony. The aim of this study was to investigate the circadian rhythm and sleep phase of Chinese winter-over expeditioners at Zhongshan Station.Methods: This study was conducted on 17 healthy male participants before departure from Shanghai and during residence at Zhongshan Station for 1 year (before winter, mid-winter, and end of winter). Sequential urine samples over 48 hours were obtained, 6-sulphatoxymelatonin in urine was assessed, and the circadian rhythm was analyzed by a cosine curve-fitting method. Participants' sleep parameters were obtained from wrist actigraphy and sleep logs. Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire and Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire were completed.Results: The acrophase of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin rhythm, sleep onset, sleep offset, and mid-sleep time were delayed significantly (P < .05) in Antarctica relative to departure values. The subjects had greater eveningness preference (P < .05) in mid-winter in Antarctica. The Global Seasonality Score and the prevalence of subsyndromal seasonal affective disorder increased (P < .05) during winter.Conclusions: Our results indicate that during polar nights Chinese expeditioners experienced the following problems: delayed circadian rhythm and sleep phase, later chronotype, and incidence of subsyndromal seasonal affective disorder. An appropriate combination of artificial bright light during dark winter months and a strict social schedule are recommended in a winter-over station in Antarctica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Total gaseous mercury (TGM) in the atmospheric boundary layer was investigated along a transect from coastal (Zhongshan Station; 69°22′25″S, 76°22′14″E) to central (Kunlun Station; 80°25′2″S, 77°6′47″E) Antarctic from December 16, 2012 to February 6, 2013. TGM varied considerably from 0.32 to 2.34 ng m −3 with a mean value of 0.91 ng m −3 . Spatially, relatively high values occurred near the coastal region and on the central plateau with altitude higher than 3000 m above sea level. This distribution pattern cannot be accounted for simply by the influence of mercury emission from the ocean. Changes in TGM were also found to be related to the topography. TGM was higher in the inland flat region (290–800 km from the coast) than in the inland transition zones with steep slopes (800–1000 km from the coast). Temporally, diurnal cycling of TGM was clearly observed at Kunlun Station, with the lowest value occurring typically at midnight, and the peak value at midday. This diurnal pattern was attributed to the reemission of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) from the snow pack, the oxidization of GEM and convective mixing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, continuous observation data for atmospheric nitrous oxide (N 2 O) concentrations are still lacking, especially in east Antarctica. In this paper, nitrous oxide background concentrations were measured at Zhongshan Station (69°22′25″S, 76°22′14″E), east Antarctica during the period of 2008–2012, and their interannual and seasonal characteristics were analyzed and discussed. The mean N 2 O concentration was 321.9 nL/L with the range of 320.5–324.8 nL/L during the five years, and it has been increasing at a rate of 0.29% year − 1 . Atmospheric N 2 O concentrations showed a strong seasonal fluctuation during these five years. The concentrations appeared to follow a downtrend from spring to autumn, and then increased in winter. Generally the highest concentrations occurred in spring. This trend was very similar to that observed at other global observation sites. The overall N 2 O concentration at the selected global sites showed an increasing annual trend, and the mean N 2 O concentration in the Northern Hemisphere was slightly higher than that in the Southern Hemisphere. Our result could be representative of atmospheric N 2 O background levels at the global scale. This study provided valuable data for atmospheric N 2 O concentrations in east Antarctica, which is important to study on the relationships between N 2 O emissions and climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple year-round aerosol samplings were conducted from February 2005 to October 2008 at Zhongshan Station, a research base in East Antarctica, to study methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and non-sea-salt sulfate (nss-SO42−). The concentrations of atmospheric sulfur species exhibited a seasonal cycle; the maximum and minimum concentrations occurred in austral summer and austral winter, respectively. Significant correlations between chlorophyll a (Chl a) in offshore polynyas and both MSA ( r = 0.726, n = 52, and p < 0.01) and nss-SO42− ( r = 0.724, n = 48, and p < 0.01) were found, indicating that the phytoplankton activity had a crucial effect on the sulfur aerosols. The sea ice dynamics in the polynyas and the variations in the polynya area may indirectly influence the sulfur aerosols in austral spring and summer. In austral winter, the sulfur compounds in the atmosphere are primarily originating in long-range transported by-products from remote regions because nearly no phytoplankton activity occurred in the offshore polynyas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metals and metalloids in continental precipitation have been widely observed, but the data over open oceans are still very limited. Investigation of metals and metalloids in marine precipitation is of great significance to understand global transport of these elements in the atmosphere and their input fluxes to the oceans. So shipboard sampling of precipitation was conducted during a Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition campaign from Shanghai, China, to Zhongshan Station, East Antarctica, and 22 samples (including 17 rainfall and 5 snowfall events) were collected and analyzed for concentrations of Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu, Co, Hg, As, Cd, Sb, Se, Zn, Mn, and Ti. Results show that concentrations of both metals and metalloids vary considerably along the cruise, with higher concentrations at coastal sites and lower values on the south Indian Ocean. Although only soluble fractions were determined for elements, concentrations in this study are generally comparable to the reported values of marine rain. Enrichment factor analysis shows that most of metals and metalloids are enriched versus crustal sources, even in the samples collected from remote south Indian Ocean. In addition, metals and metalloids in precipitation are also very enriched above sea-salt abundance, indicating that impacts of sea-salt aerosols on their concentrations are negligible. Main sources of metals and metalloids were explored with the aid of multivariate statistical analyses. The results show that human emissions have far-reaching distribution, which may exert an important influence on the solubility of elements in precipitation. This investigation provides valuable information on spatial variation and possible sources of trace elements in precipitation over the open oceans corresponding to understudied region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spatiotemporal distributions of formate and acetate in snow layers along a transect from Zhongshan Station to Dome A are presented here. The mean concentrations of mono-carboxylic acids in summer surface snow layers were 2.93 ± 1.72 ng g − 1 and 10.07 ± 5.87 ng g − 1 for formate and acetate, respectively. In the snow pit samples, the concentrations varied between 0.47 ± 0.14 ng g − 1 and 3.12 ± 4.24 ng g − 1 for formate and between 5.31 ± 1.55 ng g − 1 and 13.29 ± 4.64 ng g − 1 for acetate. Spatially, the concentrations of both acids featured negative trends with increasing elevation and distance inland for the initial 600 km of the transect, which implies that marine sources from the coastal oceans dominate the acid supply. Different distribution styles of the acids in the interior section (600–1248 km) suggest that different source region and transporting mechanism may be responsible for the acid deposition in the interior regions. Seasonal variations in the amounts of acid in a coastal snow pit (29-A) indicate higher values in the summer and lower amounts in the winter. An enlarged source region and intensified production and transport mechanisms were primarily responsible for the higher values in summer. Longer records from the interior snow pits (29-L and 29-M) indicate elevated values in the 1970s and lower values in the 1980s and early 1990s. The increases in the mono-carboxylic acids since 1999 in snow pit 29-L and since 2005 in snow pit 29-M were temporally coincident with Chinese expedition activities in the area, suggesting that human activities were responsible for the increases in the acid load during recent decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of temperature on the triple isotopic composition of oxygen in water is still an open question and limits the interpretation of water isotopic profiles in Antarctic ice cores. The main limitation arises from the lack of 17 O-excess measurements in surface snow and especially for remote regions characterized by low temperature and accumulation rate. In this study, we present new 17 O-excess measurements of surface snow along an East Antarctic traverse, from the coastal Zhongshan station to the highest point of the Antarctic ice sheet at Dome A. The 17 O-excess data significantly decrease inland, with a latitudinal gradient of − 1.33 ± 0.41 per meg/degree, an altitudinal gradient of − 0.48 ± 0.17 per meg / 100 m , and a temperature gradient of 0.35 ± 0.11 per meg / °C . Theoretical calculations performed using a Rayleigh model attribute this inland decrease to kinetic isotopic fractionation occurring during condensation from vapor to ice under supersaturation conditions at low temperatures. However, large heterogeneity of 17 O-excess in Antarctic precipitation cannot only be explained by temperature at condensation and/or influences of relative humidity in the moisture source region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the regional distribution of marine aerosol originated species (Na, Cl, nss-SO and MSA) in the snow pits (or firn cores) collected along a transect between Zhongshan Station and the Grove Mountain area (450 km inland) on the eastern side of the Lambert Glacier Basin. Concentrations of Na and Cl decrease exponentially with distance from the coast to 100 km inland (i.e., 1500 m a.s.l.). Statistical results demonstrate that distance from the coast inland and elevation affect the concentration of sea-salt originated ions in inland areas significantly. Increase of Cl-/Na ratio and higher variability in its standard deviation suggest that there are other sources of ions in addition to sea-salt in inland areas of the Antarctic continent. The concentrations of Na and Cl from nine sampling sites in the Grove Mountain area are relatively higher than those from sites along CHINARE transect, although all sites are at similar distance inland. This phenomenon indicates that the barrier effect of the mountain may be the most important factor influencing ion deposition. In addition, nss-SO and MSA vary differently, with nss-SO decreasing with distance more significantly. This implies that sources and transporting pathways influence the deposition of the two sulfur compounds considerably, being supported by the spatial pattern of correlation coefficients between the nss-SO and MSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the tidal effect, sea ice in Polar Regions moves vertically along with the sea level. The elevation of the sea ice's upper surface can be detected by a GPS receiver, and sea level can be measured by tide observations. Thereupon, if we can provide the thickness of the snow cover over the sea ice, and the densities of snow and sea ice, then, according to the principle of hydrostatic balance, thickness of the sea ice can be derived by a combination of the GPS and tide observations. The experiment conducted by the 28th Chinese National Antarctic Expedition at Zhongshan Station in Antarctica during September 22, 2012 to November 9 indicates that the sea ice thickness can be estimated in centimeter-level accuracy by this approach. Compares to the measurements made by drilling holes, the maximum difference is 8.9 centimeters, the root mean square of the different values is 5.4 centimeters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accuracy of daily mean surface pressure from five meteorological reanalyses is assessed against in situ observations from automatic weather stations in East Antarctica for 2005 to 2008. The in situ observations are from Zhongshan, LGB69, EAGLE, and Dome A. The five reanalyses all explain more than 87% of the average variance and have annual root mean square errors between 15 hPa and 45 hPa. The ERA Interim reanalysis performs best against both criteria. The NCEP-1, NCEP-2, and 20CRv2 reanalyses have negative biases of 29.7 hPa, 25.9 hPa, and 11.1 hPa, respectively, while ERA Interim and JCDAS have positive biases of 4.9 hPa and 14.9 hPa. The reanalyses do not show obvious seasonal differences. The errors generally tend to decrease from the coast to the interior of the East Antarctic ice sheet, although there are regional differences between the performance of the different reanalyses. ERA Interim is superior to other reanalyses, probably because of its 4D assimilation scheme, which is strongly guided by satellite observations. The three NCEP reanalyses perform worst; their assimilation scheme is more constrained by limited observations and 20CRv2 has less input data, assimilating only surface pressure observations. Despite deficiencies and limitations, the reanalyses are still powerful tools for climate studies in the Antarctic region. However, more in situ observations are required, especially from the vast interior of Antarctica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is intended to provide a parameter identification method to determine the salinity of sea ice using temperature and thickness measurements. This method is particularly effective when field data are sparse and unsatisfactory due to the difficulties associated with fieldwork, especially during the polar winter. The main idea of the method is described. The salinity profile is calculated by the temperature and thickness observations, which were measured at Nella Fjord around Zhongshan Station, Antarctica during the polar night time by the 22nd Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition. Another simulation for temperature profiles during a different measurement period is performed. Results show that better simulations of the salinity and temperature distributions are possible with the estimated parameters than with Eicken's and THESCI's methods. This method will help people to understand the salinity evolution of sea ice more thoroughly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We report the first observations of PMSE by SuperDARN Zhongshan radar in Antarctica and present a statistical analysis of PMSE from 2010 to 2012. The seasonal variations of occurrence are consistent with those before, with an obvious enhancement at the beginning of summer and a maximum several days after summer solstice. The special features of diurnal variations were observed because of high geomagnetic latitude of Zhongshan Station, which is that the maximum is near local midnight and the secondary maximum appears 1–2h after the local noon. The results proved that the auroral particle precipitation plays a fairly important role in the PMSE occurrence. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The abundance and community composition of culturable bacteria in four snow cores along the 1300 km traverse from Zhongshan Station to Dome A, East Antarctica, were investigated through the combination of liquid and solid media and small subunit 16S rRNA sequences. Under aerobic cultivation conditions, the average concentrations of bacterial colonies from each snow core varied from 0.008 to 0.32 CFU mL. A total of 37 and 15 isolates with different morphologic characteristics were recovered from solid and liquid media PYGV, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis of 14 representatives with different ARDRA patterns from RFLP showed that all the isolates were affiliated with five phylogenetic groups: Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Actinobacteria represented the largest cluster with 43% of strains, and these strains exhibited unique phenotypic properties. The community compositions of culturable bacteria in the four snow cores were distinctly different from each other and the concentrations and community sizes of culturable bacteria along the traverse decreased with increases of latitude, altitude and distance from coast, which likely reflected the different bacterial sources and biogeographies under the different regional climate conditions in the snow cover of East Antarctica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seasonal variation in surface ozone and the relationship between the background ozone concentration and wind were evaluated at Zhongshan Station, Antarctica using 2008 data. The wind frequency from the station area was only 2%, while the prevailing wind frequency was much larger (79.2%). This indicates that the surface ozone observations were not affected by the human activities at the station, and therefore could be counted as background concentrations of surface ozone along Antarctic coast. The concentration of surface ozone shows a distinct annual variation with the yearly mean of 25.0 nmol mol-1 and the maximum in winter, the minimum in summer. The surface ozone concentration had a strong negative correlation with ultraviolet radiation, and the mean values during polar night were one to two times higher than those in summer. These results imply that photochemical destruction of ozone dominates over Antarctica. The ozone depletion events at Zhongshan Station were obviously related to lower temperatures and higher BrO concentrations. Backward trajectory analysis reveals that the ozone depletion events are predominately caused by the high BrO concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the 24th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE 24, 2007/08), a ground-based ice radar was used to survey ice thickness and subglacial topography along the 1170 km traverse between Zhongshan and Dome A in East Antarctic ice sheet (EAIS). Ice-bedrock interface was detected along 82% of the traverse and data was collected at a horizontal resolution of <5.6 m. The data was processed to produce curves of ice thickness distribution and subglacial topography along the traverse. The results indicate that, along the traverse, the average ice thickness is 2037 m, smaller than the average ice thickness in EAIS; the thickest ice is at 730 km, and the thinnest ice (891 m) is at the edge of the ice sheet, but the slightly larger ice thickness (1078 m) in inland appears at 1020 km; the average subglacial topography elevation is 728 m, greatly larger than the average value in EAIS, and the largest elevation reaches up to 2650 m at 1034 km. The lowest terrain is located at 765 km. In further inland of 900-1170 km, the subglacial topography is relatively high due to the existence of the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains in the region. Generally, the influence of subglacial topography on ice surface is not significant, except at 900 km where great rise of subglacial topography causes evident uplift of ice surface. Where ice-bedrock interface was detected, the frequent and strong change of ice thickness and subglacial topography in small-scale means large bedrock roughness along the traverse, and is considered as the result of the integrated influence of ice flow, basal environments and geology. The segment where bedrock was not detected has very large ice thickness. The strong ice flow there also makes internal structure more complicated and induces serious attenuation of radar signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface snow samples were collected during the 14th (1997/1998) and 24th (2007/2008) Chinese National Antarctica Research Expeditions along a transect from Zhongshan Station to Dome A. The stable oxygen isotope ratios of these samples were measured to investigate their relationships with temperature and geographical parameters (latitude, longitude, altitude and distance to the coast). The results reveal a strong positive correlation (R=0.945) between δ18 O and mean annual temperature, with a gradient of 0.84‰°C , which is a little higher than that in Terre Adelie Land. Regression analyses also show that the δ18O of surface snow is strongly correlated with distance to the coast (R=0.942), latitude (R=0.942), and altitude (R=0.941). But no significant correlation was found between δ18O and longitude in study area. Altitude should be the most important factor influencing the d O distribution because of distinctive topography. The δ18O-altitude and T-altitude gradients along this transect are determined to be -1.1‰/100 m and 1.31°C/100 m, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seasonal variation of temperature, pressure, snow accumulation, winds, and their harmonic analysis are presented by using the data from Zhongshan Station and three Automatic Weather Stations deployed between the East Antarctic coast and the summit of the ice sheet at Dome A for the period 2005-07. Results show that: 1) temperature, snow accumulation and specific humidity decrease with increasing elevation and distance from the coast, with snow accumulation decreasing from 199mm water equivalent (w.e.) yr-1 at LGB69 (180 km from the coast) to 31mm w.e. yr-1 at Dome A, 2) Dome A experiences an extremely low minimum temperature of -82.58C with the monthly mean temperature below - 508C for eight months in contrast to Zhongshan Station which does not show any monthly mean temperatures below -208C, 3) mean surface wind speed increases from the coast to the escarpment region, and then reduces rapidly towards the interior plateau with the strongest winds occurring at katabatic sites with the greatest surface slopes, 4) temperature and pressure all shows a distinct biannual oscillation with a main minimum in spring and a secondary minimum in autumn, differing slightly from station to station, and 5) winter temperature corelessness increases as a function of elevation and distance from the coast, from 0.260 at the coastal Zhongshan Station to 0.433 at Dome A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying the well-known phenomenon "aurora" plays a pivotal role in investigating the solar–terrestrial coupling mechanism. A special auroral spectrograph in Antarctic Zhongshan Station constitutes a auroral observation joint system with satellite-borne sensors of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program. Multipoint observation by this system provides more essential information for relevant studies than single observation by each instrument, but also results in a multifold increased volume of data that are difficult to be either stored or transmitted. To address this difficulty, we develop a clustering-based, generic lossless data compression framework that combines the usage of various ultimate compressors with a hierarchical clustering algorithm to exert the strength of all the compressors in data reduction. This framework achieves an always-best compression performance for different-sized datasets with a reasonable time consumption, which promises the design of pipelines using it for real-time data transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]