Search

Introduction. Response time is a crucial factor influencing performance effectiveness in wrestling. A short time of response enables athletes to engage in more effective technical and tactical actions. Despite numerous scientific studies on psychomotor abilities in combat sports, there is a lack of scientific reports on women's wrestling, especially at the highest level of performance. The aim of this study was to determine the response time of female wrestlers with different levels of sports advancement and weight classes. Material and Methods. Female wrestlers aged 19.08 ± 0.86 years with a training experience of 7.03 ± 1.33 years participated in the study, along with women not involved in sports training, aged 19.23 ± 0.70 years. Due to body weight, athletes were divided into two groups: lightweight and heavyweight, and based on sports achievements into medalists and non-medalist participants in the Polish Championships. Response time (including reaction time and movement time) was assessed. Results. The research results revealed differences in response time between wrestlers and untrained women. Wrestlers exhibited shorter response times in both reaction time and movement time. No significant differences in response time were noted between wrestlers based on weight class and sports result. Conclusions. Specialized wrestling training improves the response time of women, both in sensory and motor aspects. Body weight and sports results do not differentiate athletes based on response time. Further research should focus on determining different types of response time, including choice reaction, and their changes under the influence of training and competitive loads in wrestlers with varying levels of sports expertise. Additionally, effective training methods for improving reaction time should be explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Study: Spectacle plays a key role in sports wrestling in attracting viewers' attention, creating emotional involvement, and making the sport an integral part of culture. Aim: To identify the most significant indicators of wrestlers' competitive activity based on the analysis of the 2021 Olympic Games, which influence the spectacle in sports wrestling. Material and Methods: The study involved 289 wrestlers. An analysis of protocols and video recordings of 340 matches at the 2021 Olympic Games in three types of sports wrestling was conducted: in women's wrestling – 113 matches (n=96 female wrestlers), in Greco-Roman wrestling – 113 matches (n=97 wrestlers), and in freestyle wrestling – 114 matches (n=96 wrestlers). Expert assessment method was used to evaluate the indicators of competitive activity. Statistical analysis of the data was conducted using licensed Excel spreadsheet packages. Results: For Greco-Roman wrestling and women's wrestling, the ratio of actions performed in par terre and standing is about 70 to 30. Whereas, for freestyle wrestlers, almost 80% of actions are performed in standing. The efficiency coefficient of wrestling in standing for Greco-Roman style wrestlers averaged 1.43 points per action; for freestyle wrestlers, it was 1.78 points per action, and for female wrestlers – 2.01 points per action. The highest number of one-point actions was performed in Greco-Roman wrestling, which significantly and statistically significantly (p0.05): 4.23 actions for Greco-Roman wrestling; 4.47 actions for freestyle wrestling, and 4.08 actions for women's wrestling. However, when considering the average number of points scored per match, statistically significant differences were found. Thus, Greco-Roman style wrestlers score an average of 6.95 points, this indicator is statistically significantly lower (p

We present findings from a critical discourse analysis of commentary from World Wrestling Entertainment's pay-per-view Evolution, an all-female wrestling competition. Approximately 10 minutes of match commentary were analysed, attending to the discourses operating within the text; the subject positions offered by them; and the implications these may have for subjectivity, action, and practice. Two discourses are presented: female wrestlers as "real athletes in a real combat sport" and "female wrestlers as conventionally feminine." The operation of these discourses through the text was interpreted as offering opportunities for women wrestlers to construct identities as serious sportspeople while at the same time limiting those opportunities through the requirement that they also demonstrate heteronormative femininity. We discuss these findings within the framework of neoliberal feminism and a postfeminist sensibility. We conclude that, contrary to its superficially feminist agenda, Evolution offers a narrow and contradictory space for women to construct legitimate identities as professional wrestlers, where discursive positions may be simultaneously offered and undermined by commentators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Study: Spectacle plays a key role in sports wrestling in attracting viewers' attention, creating emotional involvement, and making the sport an integral part of culture. Aim: To identify the most significant indicators of wrestlers' competitive activity based on the analysis of the 2021 Olympic Games, which influence the spectacle in sports wrestling. Material and Methods: The study involved 289 wrestlers. An analysis of protocols and video recordings of 340 matches at the 2021 Olympic Games in three types of sports wrestling was conducted: in women's wrestling - 113 matches (n=96 female wrestlers), in Greco-Roman wrestling - 113 matches (n=97 wrestlers), and in freestyle wrestling - 114 matches (n=96 wrestlers). Expert assessment method was used to evaluate the indicators of competitive activity. Statistical analysis of the data was conducted using licensed Excel spreadsheet packages. Results: For Greco-Roman wrestling and women's wrestling, the ratio of actions performed in par terre and standing is about 70 to 30. Whereas, for freestyle wrestlers, almost 80% of actions are performed in standing. The efficiency coefficient of wrestling in standing for Greco-Roman style wrestlers averaged 1.43 points per action; for freestyle wrestlers, it was 1.78 points per action, and for female wrestlers - 2.01 points per action. The highest number of one-point actions was performed in Greco-Roman wrestling, which significantly and statistically significantly (p<0.05) exceeds the indicators in freestyle and women's wrestling. Meanwhile, female wrestlers and freestyle wrestlers statistically significantly (p<0.05) executed more two-point actions. The average number of actions per match does not significantly differ (p>0.05): 4.23 actions for Greco-Roman wrestling; 4.47 actions for freestyle wrestling, and 4.08 actions for women's wrestling. However, when considering the average number of points scored per match, statistically significant differences were found. Thus, Greco-Roman style wrestlers score an average of 6.95 points, this indicator is statistically significantly lower (p<0.05) than in freestyle (8.12 points) and in women's wrestling (8.07 points). Conclusions: The analysis of matches at the 2021 Olympic Games made it possible to identify competitive activity indicators that influence the spectacle in sports wrestling. Positive indicators include: a large number of technical-tactical actions performed in standing; execution of throws in par terre by Greco-Roman style wrestlers; a high percentage of early victories in matches. Negative indicators: execution of simple one-point and two-point technical-tactical actions; in Greco-Roman wrestling, a large number of matches that ended with a score of 1:1; interruptions in matches (Challenge, Negative Wrestling, Caution), lack of dynamism in the match, and the inability to score too many points. The obtained results will help provide recommendations for changing competition rules and enhancing the spectacle of sports wrestling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article highlights the research material by pedagogical, biochemical, bibliographic methods, as well as methods of mathematical statistics during the process methods of the process of training female wrestlerss during the lunar mesocycle. It was established that the lowest level of both anaerobic and aerobic efficiency of female wrestlers was observed in the ovulatory phase of the ovarian menstrual cycle, and during the menstrual phase individual indicators varied widely as their increase and decrease. It was also found that the highest level of general and special physical performance of athletes takes place in the postmenstrual and post-ovulatory phases of the ovarian-menstrual cycle. Biochemical monitoring has established the lowest catecholamine peaks and the highest fatigue (urea) levels during the ovulatory phase, indicating a cause for poor female wrestlers performance. On the basis of these data, a new approach is proposed for the distribution of loads during the monthly mesocycle of female wrestlers. Namely, symmetrically to the phase distribution of the sympatho-adrenal system during the lunar mesocycle: menstrual cycle - 9%, postmenstrual cycle - 26%, ovulatory cycle - 5%, postovulatory cycle - 29%, yellow-body phase - 20%, premenstrual cycle - 11%.It is known that the sympathetic - adrenal system plays a key role in the organization of adaptive changes in the body, both in the pre-start period, forming a state of pre-start combat readiness, and during the overcoming of the muscles of physical activity.(It is this circumstance that forms the basis of the recommendations on the analytical proposal in the distribution of physical activity by volume and intensity during the lunar mesocycle of wrestlers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wrestling is widely regarded as a masculine activity, yet a feminization of the sport over the last decades has given rise to a unique style termed 'female's wrestling'. The Nord-Pas-de-Calais region in France is the main birthplace of female wrestling, not only nationally but in the world. Women wrestlers in this region made their emergence in this traditionally male world, first gaining acceptance as practitioners, and then as competitors on a national and international level. Female wrestling developed and institutionalized in France before it expanded internationally. The first club ever to open a female wrestling section was in Calonne-Ricouart in Pas-de-Calais in 1971, showing a desire for equal access that dates back 50 years. Later, the establishment of the Tourcoing Wrestling Club, in the same region, demonstrates some of the difficulties encountered in developing the sport, yet also the successes in pushing the French Wrestling Federation to consider female's wrestling as an official sport. By 1975, female wrestlers could get a licence, but they could not participate in official competitions until the 1980s, when the international governing body for amateur wrestling, United World Wrestling, finally recognized this new sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Empowered women can have a huge impact in nation building. Women can be empowered to build up self confidence and decrease stress level but require some time. Physical activity and sports are the tool that can be used to empower women that have lost self confidence and to achieve the desired goal also. The variables chosen for present investigation method are Hardiness, Self esteem and Perceived stress. A correlational design was adopted; 180 female wrestlers across the wrestling facilities across Delhi and Haryana with mean age 20.76 ± 2.281 were selected. Self esteem inventory by Virk and Chauhan (2003) Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) by developed Sheldon Cohen (1983); and Hardiness scale developed by Maddi and Kobasa (1984) were used for the present investigation. Descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations were used. Significant and positive correlations were found between the hardiness and self- esteem and also between the sub-scales of hardiness. Significant and negative relation was found between self-esteem and perceived stress; no significant relation was found between hardiness and perceived stress. It can be concluded that sports can be a great tool to enhance the self-esteem and hardiness levels of women and also decrease their stress levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholarship has pointed to contemporary feminism’s popularity and cultural “luminosity.” While this research has highlighted the limitations of feminist politics in a context of neoliberal individualism, this paper seeks to ask what possibilities for critiques and transformation of gender inequalities might be enabled by feminism’s visibility in neoliberalism. Using a framework of critical feminist hope, we highlight that capitalism’s embrace of feminism inarguably limits its political scope, but it may also open up opportunities for new forms of representation. To illustrate this, the paper analyses WWE 24: Women’s Evolution, a “brandcasting” documentary made to mark the rebrand of the sport entertainment promotion’s women’s division in 2016. While never naming it directly, the documentary draws heavily upon the signifiers of popular feminism. Although this mobilisation is often highly limited, a critically hopeful feminist reading allows us to move beyond dismissing this text as an example of feminism’s “co-optation” by neoliberalism. We highlight the documentary’s scathing critique of past failings in the representation and treatment of women performers, and, more importantly, the way feminism is used to make the case for corporate re-structure and change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women can have a huge impact in nation building but only empowered women can do this effectively. It will take some time and perseverant effort to build that self-esteem and confidence among women. Sports and physical activity can be a great tool to empower women folk lacking in self-confidence and achievement of the desired goal. Hardiness and self-esteem are the two variables that were chosen for the present investigation. A correlational design was adopted; 180 female wrestlers across the wrestling facilities across Haryana and Delhi with mean age 20.76 ± 2.281 with age range 18 to 22 were selected. Hardiness Scale developed by Maddi and Kobasa(1982) and Self Esteem Inventory by Virk and Chauhan (2003) were used for the present investigation. Descriptive statistics and correlations were used. Significant and positive correlations were found between the self-esteem and hardiness and also between the constructs of hardiness i.e. control, commitment and challenge. Results revealed that sports can be a great tool to enhance the self-esteem andhardiness levels of women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reviews are provided for the articles "Wrestling with Gender: Constructing Masculinity by Refusing to Wrestle Women" by Deborah L. Brake in a 2013 issue of the "Nevada Law Journal," "Reality Over Ideology: A Practical View of Special Needs Voucher Programs" by Elizabeth Adamo Usman in a 2014 issue of the "Capital University Law Review," and "School Surveillance and the Fourth Amendment" by Jason P. Nance in a 2014 issue of the "Wisconsin Law Review."

Abstract: Objective: Wrestling is a popular sport in the United States at both the high school and collegiate levels. Traditionally a men''s sport, participation by female athletes in wrestling is increasing. There exists a paucity of literature regarding injury incidence in women''s wrestling. This lack of information challenges the ability of sports medicine and strength training professionals to design optimal injury prevention programs, training routines, and rehabilitation strategies. The objective of this report is to detail the successful conservative rehabilitation of a female wrestler after an initial glenohumeral dislocation. Design: Case report Case description: A 20-year-old female wrestling student–athlete presented to the university''s sports medicine team after sustaining an anteriorly dislocated right shoulder. The patient had the goal to return back to competition in time for the National Championships. An evidenced-supported, non-traumatic glenohumeral instability rehabilitation protocol combined with weight-bearing exercises simulating functional sport positions was implemented with the goal of returning the injured collegiate female wrestler back to sport. Results: At the end of the rehabilitation program the athlete demonstrated full active range of motion, good strength in the right shoulder, and reported her pain rating at a 1/10. The conservative rehabilitation strategy utilized in this case enabled the patient to return to wrestling and successfully compete at the National Championships. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This article reports on the findings from a social anthropological ethnographic study conducted within the area of women's freestyle wrestling in Barcelona. The study focused on exploring female wrestlers' experiences of the connection between their participation and visibility in this sport and the hegemonic gendered cultural schemas established within our society in relation to gender. The ethnography comprised participant interviews and observations which enabled an exploratory thematic analysis of the relevant experiences of female wrestlers and situates these in the context of gender relations in the sport and in society. The preliminary findings are that freestyle wrestling in this context remains a sexist environment and wrestling shows still include stereotyped discourses when it comes to the staging of women's matches. While there has been some development in terms of female participation in this environment, male dominated discourses, practices and infrastructures still represent a significant barrier for the development of women's wrestling in Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]