Search

Aim: To evaluate the changes in choroidal vascular structures in patients with dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and healthy controls (No-AMD) after phacoemulsification. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in 34 eyes of 19 patients in the AMD group and 32 eyes of 20 patients in the no-AMD group who had uneventful phacoemulsification. Best-corrected visual acuity, slitlamp biomicroscopy, and intraocular pressure were recorded. Choroidal thickness (CT) measurements of the subjects were obtained using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (Edi-OCT) (RS-3000 Advance, Nidek, Japan), and choroidal vascular index (CVI) was calculated by using the binarization method at baseline and postoperatively at months 1 (M1) and 3 (M3) and the results were compared. Results: There was no significant difference between the patients in terms of age and gender (p=0.069, p=0.855 respectively). The mean CVI at baseline was 0.644 ± 0.019% in the AMD group and 0.657 ± 0.021% in the no-AMD group (p=0.025). In the AMD group, the CVI increased significantly in M3 compared to preoperative values (p=0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of CT in baseline, M1, and M3 (p=0.05). There was a significant increase in CT in M1 compared to preoperative values in both groups (p=0.026 and p=0.050, respectively). Conclusion: Although the preoperative CVI was lower in the AMD group than in the no-AMD group, there was a greater increase in CVI after phacoemulsification in the AMD group. While CT values return to normal after phacoemulsification sooner, CVI remains elevated for a longer period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problem of uncontrollable cutting depth and the rough incision edge of the cornea with manual trephine in lamellar keratoplasty, an ultrasonic‐assisted corneal trephination method has been proposed for the first time in accordance with the advantage of ultrasonic vibration cutting, and the corresponding robotic system has been designed and researched. According to the traditional process of lamellar keratoplasty, the requirements of the surgical robotic system were first proposed. On this basis, the robotic system was designed and its schematic diagram was introduced. Second, the key components of the robotic body such as the eccentric adjusting mechanism and the end‐effector of ultrasonic scalpel were illustrated, which can realise corneal trephination of different incision diameters without scalpel replacement. Then the operation flow chart of a robot‐assisted lamellar keratoplasty was put forward. Finally, the preliminary verified experiments were performed using a grape and a porcine eyeball, respectively, in vitro with the prototype system. The results show that the robotic system can basically satisfy the operation requirements of lamellar keratoplasty. Owing to the less cutting force and smoother corneal incision edge of ultrasonic‐assisted lamellar keratoplasty compared with manual trephine, it was proved to be more feasible and superior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Echography is the most appropriate imaging modality for investigating astronauts. Unfortunately, it requires a great deal of training to perform ultrasound examinations, which can be difficult and time consuming, especially if the astronaut does not have a medical background. We designed a new echography system with motorized probes that allows for the majority of exam functions to be controlled by a ground-based sonographer. Using tele-operation, the sonographer controls the orientation of the transducer (tilt, rotation) and echograph settings (gain, depth, freeze) and triggers ultrasound functions (pulsed wave color Doppler, 3-D capture, radiofrequency data collection, elastography). With this system, astronauts are required to hold the motorized probe only at the locations indicated, with the remainder of the exam being conducted by the ground-based sonographer. During spaceflight, ultrasound imaging of the carotid artery, jugular vein, thyroid, liver, gallbladder, biliary tract and portal vein (2-D, 3-D, color, pulsed wave, radiofrequency) were successfully performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate intraoperative and postoperative outcomes with “chop” or “matrix” lens fragmentation patterns in femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery. Methods: Prospective comparative study of 66 eyes with grade III-IV nuclear sclerosis was conducted at an apex tertiary care ophthalmic center. Cases were randomly allocated to undergo femtosecond laser pretreatment using matrix pattern (group I; n = 33) or chop pattern (group II; n = 33) of lens fragmentation (LenSx laser platform), followed by phacoemulsification. The primary outcome measures were intraoperative phacoemulsification parameters and postoperative anterior chamber (AC) flare. Secondary outcome measures were intraoperative complications, postoperative central macular thickness, visual acuity, and endothelial cell counts. Follow-up was performed on postoperative day (POD) 1 and 30. Results: Phacoemulsification parameters including cumulative dissipated energy (p = 0.008), ultrasonic time (p = 0.001), aspiration time (p < 0.001), and total duration (p = 0.001) were significantly less in group I. The AC flare was 9.8 ± 4.6 in group I and 15.4 ± 6.0 in group II (p < 0.001) on POD 1, and the difference persisted at 1 month. A highly significant positive correlation was observed between the total duration of phacoemulsification and AC flare (p < 0.001). No case developed cystoid macular edema. The postoperative specular counts were significantly less in group II on POD 1 (p = 0.036) and POD 30 (p = 0.02). There was no difference in visual acuity between the two groups, and intraoperative complications were not observed in any case. Conclusion: A decrease in phacoemulsification time and energy is observed after femtosecond laser pretreatment with the matrix pattern of lens fragmentation as compared to the chop pattern. The endothelial cell loss and postoperative inflammation is significantly less with the matrix pattern, and the inflammation correlates with the duration of phacoemulsification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of autologous anterior lens capsule (ALC) in phacotrabeculectomy.Material and Methods: In this prospective, randomized case control study, after obtaining institutional ethical clearance and informed consent, 88 eyes posted for phacotrabeculectomy were divided into ALC and non-ALC groups. Combined phacoemulsification, with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation and trabeculectomy, was performed in both groups. Anterior lens capsule transplantation was done in the first group beneath the sclera flap. Follow-up of three months was carried out and the morphology of bleb, intraocular pressure (IOP), requirement for additional medications, and complications were compared between the two groups.Result: Statistical difference favoring the ALC group was seen in IOP reduction (p < 0.05) at each follow-up, qualified success rate and failure rate at the three-month follow-up (p = 0.006), but no difference in bleb morphology was seen.Conclusion: ALC implantation is beneficial in maintaining filtration in a combined surgery with minimal complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) has grown in popularity among ophthalmologists as a novel technique. However, descemet membrane detachment (DMD) began to be found as the complication after FLACS. We report a case of serious DMD following FLACS due to the inappropriate incision design.Case Presentation: An 85-year-old man with apparent cornea arcus senilis underwent femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery in his right eye. A biplanar model was chosen for the main incision. A serious descemet membrane detachment (DMD) occurred at the end of phacoemulsification, which was connected with the main incision. However, the surgeon confused it with the transient swelling of corneal endothelium, and did not treated DMD timely. DMD was confirmed by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) at the postoperative 1-month follow-up. Eventually DMD was resolved by intracameral perfluropropane (C3F8) gas injection.Conclusions: This case suggests that a careful incision separation and a triplanar incision design in FLACS may reduce the incidence of DMD in cataract surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim The aim of this research was to study the performance of the implanted one-piece and three-piece intraocular lenses (IOLs) in relation to the enlarged diameters of the capsular bags of the highly myopic eyes. Patients and methods Patients were randomly divided into two groups: group A included 15 eyes that underwent phacoemulsification with implantation of one-piece IOLs, and group B included 15 eyes that underwent phacoemulsification with implantation of threepiece IOLs. All patients included in this study were high myopes with axial length greater than 26.5 mm. All eyes were planned for clear lens extraction or cataract extraction. Results In group A, a statistically significant negative correlation was found between the diameters of the capsular bags and the diameters of the implanted one-piece IOLs. The correlation coefficient (r) is -0.56. In group B, a statistically significant positive correlation was found between the diameters of the capsular bags and the diameters of the implanted three-piece IOLs. The correlation coefficient (r) is 0.86. Conclusion The study of this correlation is to help in answering an important question - that is, does one diameter IOL fit all capsular bags? The statistical analyses in both groups point to a statistically significant correlation between the diameters of the capsular bags and the diameters of the implanted IOLs in both groups A and B, which demonstrates the absence of fitting of both sorts of IOLs in relation to the enlarged capsular bags of the highly myopic eyes - i.e. it focuses on the divergence between the size of the IOLs and that of the capsular bag. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Across Canada, graduates from several medical and surgical specialties have recently had difficulty securing practice opportunities, especially in specialties dependent on limited resources such as ophthalmology. We aimed to investigate whether resource constraints in the health care system have a greater impact on the volume of cataract surgery performed by recent graduates than on established physicians.Methods: We used population-based administrative data from Ontario for the period Jan. 1, 1994, to June 30, 2013, to compare health services provided by recent graduates and established ophthalmologists. The primary outcome was volume of cataract surgery, a resource-intensive service for which volume is controlled by the province.Results: When cataract surgery volume in Ontario entered a period of government-mandated zero growth in 2007, the mean number of cataract operations performed by recent graduates dropped significantly (-46.37 operations/quarter, 95% confidence interval [CI] -62.73 to -30.00 operations/quarter), whereas the mean rate for established ophthalmologists remained stable (+5.89 operations/quarter, 95% CI 95% CI -1.47 to +13.24 operations/quarter). Decreases in service provision among recent graduates did not occur for services without volume control. The proportion of recent graduates providing exclusively cataract surgery increased over the study period, and recent graduates in this group were 5.24 times (95% CI 2.15 to 12.76 times) more likely to fall within the lowest quartile for cataract surgical volume during the period of zero growth in provincial cataract volume (2007-2013) than in the preceding period (1996-2006).Interpretation: Recent ophthalmology graduates performed many fewer cataract surgery procedures after volume controls were implemented in Ontario. Integrated initiatives involving multiple stakeholders are needed to address the issues facing recently graduated physicians in Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia is the property of Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Infectious endophthalmitis is a serious sight threatening intraocular inflammation that results from exogenous or endogenous spread of organisms into the eye.A retrospective case series to study the profile of endophthalmitis following clear corneal phacoemulsification in western India between years 2008 and 2014 was held in the National Institute of Ophthalmology, Pune, India. Cases of endophthalmitis post-clear corneal phacoemulsification were reviewed pertaining to demography, clinical history, surgeon experience, surgical complications, time of onset following surgery, duration between onset of symptoms and presentation to the center, presenting visual acuity and at follow-ups, slit-lamp examination and ultrasound findings, vitreous tap culture results, treatment, and final functional and anatomical outcomes. Results: Of 60 cases, 34 were operated in the tertiary center and 26 were referred. The incidence of endophthalmitis post clear corneal phacoemulsification performed at the tertiary center was 0.17%. Mean time delay between onset of symptoms and presentation to the tertiary care center was 2.6 days. Fifty percent cases were culture +ve, of which 80% were Gram +ve and 20% were Gram −ve, no fungal isolates. Coagulase -ve staphylococcus was the most common causative organism; rare isolates included Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Streptococcus mitis. Twenty-six eyes underwent primary vitrectomy. Mean presenting visual acuity was 2.14 ± 0.07 logMAR units which improved to logMAR 0.98 ± 0.12 at final follow-up. Presenting VA was >20/200 in 13.3% and

Delivery of therapeutics to the intraocular space or to targeted tissues in the posterior segment is challenging because of the structural and dynamic barriers surrounding the eye. Previously, we reported the feasibility of using ultrasound (US) irradiation to deliver macromolecules to the posterior segment of the eye via the transscleral route, which consists of sclera as the outermost anatomic barrier. In this study, we found that although ultrasound increases scleral permeability for macromolecules, the scleral collagen arrangement remains undisturbed. In an ex vivo experiment, protein permeation across the sclera was significantly enhanced by ultrasound in the stable cavitation regime. The scleral collagen network was further examined by second harmonic generation imaging. Quantitative image analysis techniques were adopted to examine the density, anisotropy and interlacing pattern of collagen fibers before and after ultrasound irradiation. Repeated ultrasound applications did not induce significant changes in the arrangement of collagen fibrils at 40 kHz with a spatial average temporal average intensity (ISATA) <1.8 W/cm2. These parameters correspond to a mechanical index (MI) below 0.8 in our setting. These data suggested that enhanced permeation of macromolecules across the sclera was achieved without disturbing the collagen network of the sclera. This evidence supports that low-frequency, low-intensity ultrasound is a tolerable approach to transscleral drug delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare the outcomes of two nuclear fracture techniques used in phacoemulsification (stop-chop vs. retro-chop). Methods: A total of 131 eyes from 111 patients with severe cataracts and nucleosclerosis (of grades 4–5) were included. The patients were randomly assigned to undergo stop-chop or retro-chop nucleotomy during phacoemulsification. The Drysdale manipulator was used as the chopping instrument in both groups. The intraocular phacoemulsification parameters including phacoemulsification power and phacoemulsification time were compared across the two groups. The following parameters were compared postoperatively at 1, 2, 5, and 8 weeks using unpaired t test: corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), corneal endothelial cell density (CD), central corneal thickness (CT). Results: There were significant differences in the phacoemulsification parameters between the groups. Retro-chop group showed less phacoemulsification time (p < 0.05) and less phacoemulsification power (p < 0.05) than stop-chop group. There was also a significant difference in the rate of corneal endothelial cell loss between the two groups (p < 0.05). In contrast, there were no significant differences in the postoperative change of CT or CDVA between the groups. Conclusion: Retro-chop nucleotomy with a Drysdale nucleus manipulator is an effective and safe method. It reduces both the use of intraoperative ultrasound energy, and early postoperative corneal endothelial cell loss compared to other nucleotomy techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose To examine whether anterior segment-optical coherence tomography ( AS- OCT) can detect conjunctival scarring after transscleral phacoemulsification and whether temporal transscleral phacoemulsification causes scarring in the superior conjunctiva. Methods Transscleral phacoemulsification was performed in the superior conjunctiva (superior incision group) or the temporal conjunctiva (temporal incision group). Anterior segment-optical coherence tomography ( AS- OCT) images of the superior conjunctiva were obtained before and after surgery. We quantified the thickness of the conjunctiva and preservation rates of the borderlines among the subconjunctival layers. The relationship between the AS- OCT images and histology was evaluated in rabbit eyes with phacoemulsification. Results Each group comprised 25 patients. At ≤1 month after surgery, the superior conjunctiva was significantly thicker in the superior incision group than the temporal incision group (1 day, 7 days, and 1 month after surgery; p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, and p < 0.001 respectively); however, there were no significant differences between the two groups at ≥2 months. The borderline of the conjunctival stroma/Tenon's capsule and the borderline of the Tenon's capsule/sclera were preserved significantly better in the temporal incision group after surgery (p < 0.0001). The cell densities in the conjunctiva of the rabbit temporal incision group were unchanged after surgery, whereas the rabbit superior incision group had significantly more neutrophils (p = 0.0001) and myofibroblasts (p < 0.0001) in the superior conjunctiva than the temporal incision group. Conclusions Anterior segment-optical coherence tomography ( AS- OCT) images can detect conjunctival scarring after transscleral phacoemulsification. The layer structures in the superior conjunctiva are unaffected by temporal transscleral incision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasound (US) energy and vacuum are necessary for most nuclear disassembly techniques, but the use of US energy and vacuum poses potential risks to intracameral structures, including the corneal endothelium, iris, zonular fibers, and posterior capsule. A wide range of techniques involve sculpting, chopping, prechopping, and femtosecond laser–assisted fragmentation. However, these techniques are limited by high US energy, high vacuum to grab and hold the lens, additional instrumentation, or cost. A modified chop approach that bypasses the traditional rules of chopping is presented. The approach is not only effective, but also potentially safer than current techniques because it exposes the eye to less US energy, less vacuum, and less intracapsular manipulation. Financial Disclosure The author has no financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cataract surgery typically offers instant visual rehabilitation with rare postoperative complications. However, if complications occur, these complications may be confusing and threatening. We present a case of severe bilateral panuveitis following phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation and discuss the importance of a correct diagnosis and management.Case Presentation: A 75-year-old Asian male with bilateral phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation developed severe inflammation with sharp vision loss in both eyes after the surgeries. Physical examination indicated bilateral panuveitis. With a presumptive diagnosis of suppurative endophthalmitis and a history of effective treatment with intravenous antibiotics plus ofloxacin and steroid drops, intravenous ceftazidime and vancomycin were administered. However, the effects were minimal. With a supplemental history of recurrent oral, perineal, and gastrointestinal ulcers, a diagnosis of Behcet's disease was made, and systemic immune inhibitors were prescribed instead of invasive treatments, which might exacerbate the condition. After 5 days of medication, the inflammation was markedly relieved, and no recurrence was observed 2 weeks later.Conclusion: Correct differentiation of confusing conditions is crucial to implement appropriate management. Postoperative complications of cataract surgery should be differentiated carefully, and perioperative management in patients with autoimmune uveitis should be provided with caution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose To optimize phacoemulsification efficiency by varying the intraocular pressure (IOP) using the Centurion Vision System, a monitored forced-infusion system. Setting John A. Moran Eye Center Laboratories, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Design Laboratory investigation. Methods Porcine lenses were soaked in formalin and divided into 2.0 mm cubes; 0.9 mm balanced tips were used. Intraocular pressure levels were tested from 30 to 110 mm Hg at 10 mm Hg intervals. Vacuum was set at 500 mm Hg, aspiration at 35 mL/min, and torsional power at 60%. Efficiency (time to lens removal) and chatter (number of lens fragment repulsions from the tip) were measured. Results There was a linear relationship between efficiency and IOP. Increasing IOP led to an increase in efficiency (ie, to a decrease in time necessary to remove the lens fragment) ( R 2 = .5769, P = .0176). Chatter correlated with IOP in the range of 30 to 50 mm Hg ( R 2 = .4506, P = .0448) and was minimal at higher IOPs. Conclusions Increasing IOP in the monitored forced-infusion system improved efficiency. Chatter was also decreased or eliminated with increasing IOP. Additional studies will be required to understand the reasons for these findings. Financial Disclosure None of the authors has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Phacoemulsification with foldable intraocular lens implantation through clear corneal incision has become common surgical approach for cataract surgery because it produces minimal surgically induced astigmatism and provides best postoperative visual acuity. This study thus aims to compare the preoperative and postoperative corneal astigmatism and to compare the postoperative change in kcralomctric astigmatism between right and left eyes after temporal 2.8 mm clear corneal incision phacoemulsification cataract surgery and implantation of foldable intraocular lenses. Methods: A prospective study included 31 patients with bilateral senile cataract who had undergone sutureless, 2.8mm clear corneal incision phacoemulsification cataract surgery with foldable intraocular lens implantation. Keratometry was recorded preoperatively and 4 weeks postoperatively using Nidek automated keratometry. A paired sample t-test was performed to compare the preoperative and postoperative corneal astigmatism. Results: Mean age of the population was 63.39±9.705 years (range: 49 to 83 years). Before surgery, mean corneal astigmatism in right and left eye was 0.92±0.58D and 0.85±0.6ID respectively. After the surgery, mean astigmatism in right eye was 0.97±0.5ID and in left eye was 0.97 ± 0.48D. There was no statistically significant difference in preoperative and postoperative keratometric astigmatism of both eyes. (RE: p-valve 0.427; LE: p-valve 0.188) Conclusion: Temporal clear corneal incision is quite stable and has minimal effect to corneal astigmatism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: For cataract surgery, different types of anesthesia are used. This study was conducted to analyze four point score scale for pain in phacoemulsification under topical anesthesia (proparacaine). Materials and Methods: This analytical study was conducted on patients undergoing cataract surgery with phacoemulsification under topical anesthesia Proparacaine (Alcaine) in K.D.A Teaching Hospital Kohat from January, 2016 to December, 2016. 60 patients with age related cataract were selected. Out of them 34 (56.66%) were male and 26 (43.33%) were female. All the patients were in the age range from 53 to 77 years with mean age of 64.6% years. Pupils of patients were dilated properly with tropicamide 1% eye drop. All the patients were operated under topical anesthesia after instillation of 4 drops of alcaine at interval of two minutes into the eyes. Phacoemulsification with intraocular lenses implantation was carried out on all patients and four points score scale for pain was analyzed. Result: Out of 60 patients 47 (78.33%) had score 0. 3(5%) patients had score I, 2 (3.33%) patients had score 2, 3(5%) patient had score 3 while 5 (8.33%) patients had score 4. Conclusion: Topical anesthesia is very effective in phacoemulsification preventing complications of other invasive anesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and safety of novel capsulorhexis technique in white cataract surgery using the irrigation-aspiration system of a phaco device. M aterials and Methods: 53 eyes of 50 patients were included in the study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. To 27 eyes of 27 patients in Group 1, continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) was made using an irrigation-aspiration system by a phaco machine. To 26 eyes of 23 patients in Group 2, CCC was made using an ocular visco-elastic device (OVD) and utrata forceps. Surgical results were compared between two groups. R esults: No difference in outcome endothelial cell count or central corneal thickness was noted between the two groups. CCC-2 has been completed totally in Group 1 but only 22 eyes in the other group. C onclusions: Capsulorhexis with described technique is safe in white cataracts. This technique may be an alternative in capsulorhexis to the other method, which is made using OVD and forceps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The aim of the study was to investigate the differences in corneal endothelium between patients with and those without diabetes before and after phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation. Design The study was designed as an interventional prospective comparative investigation. Setting The study was conducted at Mansoura Ophthalmic Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt. Patients and methods A total of 100 eyes of 99 patients (49 with and 50 without type 2 diabetes) with senile cataract underwent phacoemulsification with foldable intraocular lens implantation. Specular microscopy was performed preoperatively, at 1 week, and at 3 months postoperatively to evaluate endothelial cell density (ECD), endothelial cell size variability [coefficient of variation (CV)], and central corneal thickness (CCT). Data were analyzed using the t-test, the Mann-Whitney U-test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results Preoperatively, the mean ECD was 2558.20 cells/mm2, the mean CV was 39.84%, and the mean CCT was 512.56 in diabetic patients. In controls, the mean ECD was 2484.31 cells/mm², mean CV was 41.03%, and mean CCT was 507.20 µm. There were no significant differences between the two groups (P = 0.145, 0.338, and 0.450 respectively). At 3 months postoperatively, the mean endothelial cell loss (ECL) was 8.09%, mean CV increase was 2.38%, and mean CCT increase was 3.00 µm in diabetic patients, whereas in controls the mean ECL was 8.36%, mean CV increase was 1.06%, and mean CCT increase was 1.30 µ. No significant difference was found in ECL between the two groups (P = 0.850), whereas the increases in CV and CCT were significantly more in diabetic patients than in controls (P = 0.001 and 0.031, respectively). Conclusion There was no significant difference in the corneal endothelium preoperatively between diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Although no significant difference was found in ECL following phacoemulsification between the two groups, diabetic patients had a significantly greater increase in CV (polymegathism) and CCT compared with nondiabetic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cataract surgery in hyperopic eyes involves further complications, intra- and postoperatively, compared to emetropic eyes. I present the particularities of the hyperopic eyes which can lead to incidents or complications during the phacoemulsification. The paper analyzes and presents the complications related to hyperopia that occurred during the surgery or postoperatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To compare the safety and efficacy of microcoaxial phacoemulsification surgeries performed with the OZil Intelligent Phaco torsional mode (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, USA) and combined torsional/longitudinal ultrasound mode using 45 degree aperture angled tips. DESIGN: Prospective randomized clinical trial. METHODS: SETTING: Maltepe University, Istanbul. PATIENT POPULATION: Eighty eyes of 80 cataract patients were randomly assigned to 2.2 mm microcoaxial phacoemulsification using the OZil Intelligent Phaco torsional mode (Group 1) or combined torsional/longitudinal ultrasound mode (Group 2). OBSERVATION PROCEDURE: Intraoperative fluid and energy usage and postoperative examinations were evaluated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Ultrasound time, cumulative dissipated energy, longitudinal and torsional ultrasound amplitudes, mean operation time, mean volume of fluid used, and surgical complications. RESULTS: Both groups included 40 eyes. Mean ultrasound time, cumulative dissipated energy, and longitudinal and torsional ultrasound amplitudes in Group 1 were 58.21 ± 33.81 seconds, 7.74 ± 6.23, 0.45 ± 0.30, and 26.30 ± 12.60%, respectively, and these parameters in Group 2 were 64.75 ± 30.23 seconds, 12.61 ± 6.21, 26.32 ± 5.85, and 40.98 ± 8.33%, respectively. Cumulative dissipated energy and longitudinal and torsional amplitudes were found to be significantly lower in Group 1 (P = .001, P < .001, P < .001). Mean volumes of fluid used in Groups 1 and 2 were 73.30 ± 19.87 cc and 107.07 ± 21.82 cc, respectively (P < .001). CONCLUSION: With the aid of a 45 degree aperture angled tip, the OZil Intelligent Phaco torsional mode provided more effective lens removal than the combined torsional/longitudinal ultrasound mode, with a lower cumulative dissipated energy and volume of fluid used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare the accuracy of 3 imaging modalities for preoperative evaluation of the posterior lens capsule in traumatic cataract. Setting: Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Design: Case series. Methods: The study comprised eyes with traumatic cataract opaque enough to prevent visualization of the posterior lens capsule on slitlamp examination. To detect posterior lens capsule rupture before surgery, imaging was performed with 20 MHz echography (Eye Cubed), anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) (Visante model 1000), and Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam). All patients subsequently had cataract extraction, and the intraoperative findings of the posterior lens capsule were compared with the preoperative findings of the imaging modalities. Results: The study enrolled 21 eyes of 21 patients (20 men, 1 woman) with a mean age of 31.5 years ± 1.45 (SD). The nature of trauma was blunt (5 eyes) or sharp (16 eyes). To detect posterior lens capsule rupture, the sensitivity and specificity were, respectively, 80% and 86% for 20 MHz echography, 71% and 77% for AS-OCT, and 62% and 57% for Scheimpflug imaging (95% confidence intervals: sensitivity, 30.00-90.32; specificity, 54.81-92.95). Insufficient resolution for posterior lens capsule evaluation occurred in 33.3% cases for AS-OCT and 57.1% cases for Scheimpflug imaging. The accuracy of 20 MHz echography, AS-OCT, and Scheimpflug imaging was 76.1%, 61.9%, and 42.9%, respectively. Conclusion: In the evaluation of the posterior lens capsule in eyes with traumatic cataract, 20 MHz echography had higher accuracy than AS-OCT and Scheimpflug imaging. Financial Disclosure: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background To evaluate the effect of phacoemulsification on trabeculectomy function. Design Retrospective case-control study. Participants Forty-eight patients who underwent trabeculectomy surgery and had at least 2 years of follow up. Methods Patients were classified into two groups: patients who had phacoemulsification subsequent to trabeculectomy ( Trab_phaco, n = 18) and patients who were pseudophakic for greater than 6 months preceding their trabeculectomy ( Phaco_trab, n = 30). Groups were matched for length of follow up of 2 years from time of trabeculectomy. Main Outcome Measures The primary outcome measures were target intraocular pressure of criteria A, ≤12 mm Hg; B, ≤15 mm Hg; C, ≤18 mm Hg with or without additional topical treatment. A separate measure for bleb function failure was also used; with failure defined as the need for additional topical antiglaucoma therapy or surgical intervention to achieve control of intraocular pressure. Results There was no significant difference in achieving each intraocular pressure criterion between groups (12 months, P = 1.0; 24 months, P = 0.330). In the first 12 months, significantly more trabeculectomies in the Trab_phaco group failed, requiring additional intervention to control the IOP (39%) compared with the Phaco_trab (10%) group ( P = 0.028). Although this trend continued at 24 months, there were no significant differences in failure rates ( P = 0.522). Conclusions Phacoemulsification performed after trabeculectomy significantly increased rates of bleb failure in the following 12 months but not at 24 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate radiused and nonradiused phacoemulsification tips to determine which tip is more efficient in removal of lens fragments using 3 ultrasound (US) modalities. Setting: John A. Moran Eye Center Laboratories, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Design: Experimental study. Methods: Porcine lens nuclei were formalin-soaked for 2 hours or 3 hours and then divided into 2.0 mm cubes. Thirty-degree, 0.9 mm beveled radiused tips and nonradiused tips were used with torsional, transverse, and micropulsed US modalities. Bent tips were used with torsional and transversal US, and straight tips were used with micropulsed US. Efficiency (time to lens removal) and chatter (number of lens fragment repulsions from the tip) were determined. Results: The mean phacoemulsification efficiency was statistically significantly decreased (increased time for removal) with the radiused tip compared with the nonradiused tip for torsional US only (2-hour soaked lenses: 2.14 seconds ± 1.94 [SD] versus 1.18 ± 0.69 seconds [P < .05]; 3-hour soaked lenses: 5.07 ± 4.2 seconds versus 2.52 ± 1.99 seconds [P < .05]). There was no difference in chatter results. Conclusion: The radiused tip showed decreased efficiency with torsional US only. Financial Disclosure: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate 3 phacoemulsification tips of different sizes and determine which size is most efficient in lens fragment removal using 3 ultrasound (US) approaches. Setting: John A. Moran Eye Center Laboratories, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Design: Experimental study. Methods: Porcine lens nuclei were formalin-soaked for 2 hours then divided into 2.0 mm cubes; 1.1 mm, 0.9 mm, and 0.7 mm phaco tips were used with torsional and micropulsed US. The 1.1 mm tips were unavailable for torsional US, so 0.9 mm and 0.7 mm tips were used. Efficiency (amount of time for lens removal) and chatter (number of lens-fragment repulsions from the tip) were determined. Results: The mean phacoemulsification efficiency was highest with the 0.9 mm tip for all US variations. There were statistically significant differences between the 0.9 mm and 0.7 mm tips with micropulsed US (0.8 seconds ± 0.29 [SD] versus 1.4 ± 0.93 seconds; P=.0112) and transversal US (0.8 ± 0.17 seconds versus 1.4 ± 0.89 seconds; P=.0065). There was no significant difference between 0.9 mm and 0.7 mm tips with torsional US or between the 1.1 mm and 0.9 mm tips with micropulsed or transversal US; however, trends were identical, with 0.9 mm tips performing better than 0.7 mm and 1.1 mm tips. Conclusion: With all 3 systems, the 0.9 mm tip was most efficient, with the fewest outliers and smallest standard deviation. Financial Disclosure: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses 3 cases of suprachoroidal hemorrhage ((SCH), 2 of which occurred intraoperatively during phacoemulsification and one which developed following placement of a glaucoma-drainage implant. Topics covered include cases of a woman taking clopidogrel bisulfate presented after phacoemulsification and IOL implantation, an 81 year old woman presented after a cataract extraction surgery and a 76 year old man presented 11 months after the placement of a Baerveldt glaucoma implant.

Purpose: To evaluate the role of echography in diagnosis and management of a diverse array of choroidal masses. Materials and Methods: Sixty-two cases of clinically suspected choroidal masses were prospectively analyzed with B-scan (10 Hz), A-scan, and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) (50 Hz) after a meticulous history and ocular examination. Ancillary investigations and systemic evaluation were also done. Results: Based on clinical suspicion, acoustic features, response to treatment, and other ancillary tests combined together, the various masses were differentiated. The cases included in the study were as follows: n = 10 malignant melanomas, n = 16 metastasis and infiltrations, n = 9 hemangioma, n = 7 tuberculoma, n = 8 nonspecific inflammatory masses, n = 2 disciform plaques, n = 4 macular cysts or retinoschisis, n = 2 Coat's disease, n = 1 melanocytoma, and n = 2 osteomas. Ultrasonography (USG) alone could identify n = 51 lesions, while UBM in combination with USG was needed in remaining 11 masses. Conclusion: Standardized echography is an important adjunct in the diagnosis and management of eyes with intraocular masses. A better understanding of the clinicopathological and echographic picture of the diverse lesions can help in detection, differentiation, diagnosis, proposing a therapeutic approach, and also monitoring response to treatment. Echography is essential to evaluate tumors for extrascleral and anterior segment extension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe the perioperative and postoperative complications related to cataract surgery performed by phacoemulsification technique at Khyber Institute of Ophthalmic Medical Sciences (KIOMS), Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar. Methodology: One hundred consecutive cataract operations using phacoemulsification were performed from January 2011 to December 2011 at the KIOMS. After thorough examination and investigations, patients were operated. Most were operated using peribulbar anesthesia. First examination was done on the first post-operative day and then patients were followed after three weeks and eight weeks. Their per-operative and postoperative complications were analyzed and compared with complication rates reported in other studies. Results: Total 100 cases were included in the study with 30 patients having bilateral and 40 patients having unilateral cataract. The mean age of patients was 57.4 ± 9.3 years. Posterior capsular rupture in 19 (19%) patients was the most common intraoperative complication. Corneal edema in 49 (49%) patients on first postoperative day was most common post operative complication. After three weeks the vision was 6/12 or better in 80 (80%) of cases. Conclusion: Posterior capsular rupture and corneal edema were most common intraoperative and postoperative complications respectively. Majority of patients had 6/6-6/12 vision by the end of first three weeks of cataract surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on traumatic endophthalmitis, metallosis and retinal detachment (RD) after intraocular foreign body (IOFB) injuries. It says that endophthalmitis' risk factors include IOFB located in the posterior segment and disruption of the crystalline lens. It states that echography can help in the diagnosis of RD and RDs are repaired during the IOFB removal. It adds that retinal toxicity because of retained iron or copper foreign bodies can lead to vision loss.

Purpose: To determine linear regression models between Alpins descriptive indices and Thibos astigmatic power vectors (APV), assessing the validity and strength of such correlations. Methods: This case series prospectively assessed 62 eyes of 31 consecutive cataract patients with preoperative corneal astigmatism between 0.75 and 2.50 diopters in both eyes. Patients were randomly assorted among two phacoemulsification groups: one assigned to receive AcrySof®Toric intraocular lens (IOL) in both eyes and another assigned to have AcrySof Natural IOL associated with limbal relaxing incisions, also in both eyes. All patients were reevaluated postoperatively at 6 months, when refractive astigmatism analysis was performed using both Alpins and Thibos methods. The ratio between Thibos postoperative APV and preoperative APV (APVratio) and its linear regression to Alpins percentage of success of astigmatic surgery, percentage of astigmatism corrected and percentage of astigmatism reduction at the intended axis were assessed. Results: Significant negative correlation between the ratio of post- and preoperative Thibos APVratio and Alpins percentage of success (%Success) was found (Spearman's ρ=-0.93); linear regression is given by the following equation: %Success = (-APVratio + 1.00)x100. Conclusion: The linear regression we found between APVratio and %Success permits a validated mathematical inference concerning the overall success of astigmatic surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To report the outcomes of choroidal nevi monitoring and to compare the detection of ultrasonographic hollowness, a risk factor of malignant transformation, from a B-scan with results from an A-scan examination. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: Standardized A- and B-scan echography and ophthalmoscopy in 358 consecutive patients with median age 69 years and baseline choroidal nevus higher or lower than 1.5 mm in 51 (14%) and 307 (86%) eyes, respectively. RESULTS: No growth or change in echographic or ophthalmoscopic features were found in 307 nevi with a median elevation of 0.9 mm (range, 0.7 to 1.5 mm) and a median follow-up of 6 years (range, 4 to 9 years). After 2 to 6 years, decreased internal reflectivity on standardized A-scan and ultrasonographic hollowness on B-scan were detected in 7 (18%) of 38 initially highly reflective choroidal nevi (thickness, 1.98 ± 0.37 mm); 2 (5%) nevi grew into melanoma 15 years after the first observation. Of 13 choroidal nevi (thickness, 2.75 ± 0.66 mm), with initial atypical medium to high reflectivity on standardized A-scan (100%) and hollowness on B-scan (85%), 6 (46%) were plaqued 6 to 15 months later because of the presence of multiple risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: No changes in thickness or echographic features of choroidal nevi elevated up to 1.5 mm were recorded during the follow-up period. In initially typical choroidal nevi higher than 1.5 mm, strong agreement was detected between decreased reflectivity on standardized A-scan and ultrasonographic hollowness on B-scan found after up to 15 years of stability. The vast majority of choroidal nevi with initial atypical standardized A-scan features showed ultrasonographic hollowness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To validate a porcine lens model by comparing density and ultrasound (US) with known human standards using the Infiniti Ozil with Intelligent Phacoemulsification (torsional), Whitestar Signature Micropulse (longitudinal), and Ellips FX (transversal) modalities. Setting: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Design: Experimental study. Methods: Lens nuclei were formalin soaked in hour-based intervals and divided into 2.0 mm cubes. Density was characterized by crushing experiments and compared with known human measures. Efficiency and chatter were examined. Results: The mean weight to cut thickness in half ranged from 16.9 g ± 5.5 (SD) in the 0-hour group to 121.3 ± 47.5 gm in the 4-hour group. Lenses in the 2-hour group (mean 70.2 ± 19.1 g) best matched human density (P=.215). The mean efficiency ranged from 0.432 ± 0.178 seconds to 9.111 ± 2.925 seconds; chatter ranged from zero to 1.85 ± 1.927 bounces. No significant difference was detected when comparing the 2-hour formalin group with human lenses in torsional and transversal US. There was no significant difference between transversal and torsional modalities, consistent with human studies. Although longitudinal (6 milliseconds on, 12 milliseconds off) was significantly more efficient at 50% power than at 25%, there was no significant difference compared with transversal or torsional US. Conclusions: Animal lenses soaked for 2 hours in formalin were most comparable to human lenses. Longitudinal US may be an acceptable alternative to torsional and transversal US. Financial Disclosure: Dr. Olson has been a consultant to Abbott Medical Optics, Inc., Becton, Dickinson and Co., and Allergan, Inc., and received grant support from Abbott Medical Optics, Inc. and Allergan, Inc. No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To determine the prevalence and describe ocular abnormalities in healthy Standardbred foals within 48 h of birth. Animals One hundred and two neonatal foals. Procedures All foals had an unassisted delivery. On the basis of physical examination and the results of hematological and biochemical parameters, all foals were unaffected by systemic diseases. A complete ophthalmic examination was performed within 48 h of birth. Foals with ocular hemorrhages were re-examined weekly until the abnormalities were resolved. Results 65/102 (63.7%) foals did not show ocular abnormalities, while in 37/102 (36.3%) cases, ocular abnormalities were present. Retinal and subconjunctival hemorrhages were recorded in 19/102 (18.6%), and in 13/102 (12.7%), respectively. In 4/102 (3.9%) animals, an entropion of the lower eyelid was present. Only one foal (1%) showed a congenital nuclear unilateral cataract. No other ocular abnormalities were detected. However, all foals showed various degrees of remnants of hyaloid system. One week after the first ocular examination, retinal hemorrhages had resolved in 100% of the eyes, whereas subconjunctival hemorrhages had disappeared in all eyes by the second week following the first examination. Conclusions The acquired ocular lesions observed with relatively high frequency in the examined healthy Standardbred foals were ocular hemorrhages, which always showed a good outcome. Although these abnormalities were present at birth, they were not considered strictly congenital but likely acquired during parturition. Instead, congenital ocular abnormalities were rarely diagnosed, and the entropion of the lower eyelid was the most common disease in the breed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare intraoperative parameters between conventionel and torsional phacoemulsification method for cataractous eyes. Materials and Method: Thirty-six eyes of 36 patients suffering from age-related cataract were enrolled in this comparative randomized masked clinical study. The eyes had nuclear cataracts of grades III using the Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III). Lenses that had developed cataract were divided into 2 equal pieces by phacoemulsification. Phacoemulsification was applied to first piece using conventional phaco and the second piece using torsional phaco technique. The pieces eaten by conventional mode phacoemulsification were named as group 1 and with torsional mode phacoemulsification as group 2. Parametric comparisons were made in terms of peroperative conventional and torsional total U/S time, total energy (U/STEPIP3%), CDE and aspiration time. Conclusions: The total U/S, CDE and aspiration time parameters of the torsional phacoemulsification method are found to be lower than those of the conventional method in a statistically significant way (p=0.002, p=0.018, p=0.046, respectively). Discussion: Torsional phacoemulsification technique is seen as a method more reliable and more effective method than the conventional method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

* PURPOSE: To examine surgical and refractive outcomes of phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implant in eyes with prior trabeculectomy. * DESIGN: Retrospective observational case-control study. * METHODS: The study compared eyes that underwent phacoemulsification with IOL implant at least 3 months post-trabeculectomy (n = 77) with eyes with either medically controlled glaucoma (n = 43) or no glaucoma (n = 50) at an academic institution. The main outcome measure was the difference between the expected and the actual postoperative refraction. * RESULTS: Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) increased in trabeculectomy eyes from 8.7 ± 4.2 mm Hg to 10.7 ± 4.0 mm Hg (P < .0001), whereas it decreased in glaucoma control and normal control groups by 2.0 mm Hg (P = .003) and 2.1 mm Hg (P <. 00001), respectively, with concurrent decrease in drops in the glaucoma control group (0.76 to 0.23, P < .0001). The difference from expected refractive outcome was - 0.36 (more myopic) in trabeculectomy eyes compared with + 0.23 (more hyperopic) in nonglaucoma controls and + 0.40 in glaucoma controls (P < .0001). The correlation between change in IOP vs extent of refractive surprise was statistically significant (P < .01, r = - 0.20). Final visual acuity was not affected by the difference in refractive error. * CONCLUSIONS: The refractive surprise correlated to IOP change, with 2 mm Hg rise resulting in a - 0.36 diopter shift between predicted and actual refraction. After cataract extraction, IOP decreased in controls and fewer drops were required, but IOP increased in the study group. Factors affecting refractive surprise in cataract surgery after trabeculectomy, especially IOP change and axial length, require further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Optometry is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: This study aimed to compare lens capsule-related problems in mature versus non-mature senile cataracts in patients undergoing phacoemulsification surgery. A total of 295 patients with senile cataract were divided into two groups according to Methods: lens maturation: 105 patients with mature senile cataract comprised Group 1 (study group) and the remaining 190 with non-mature senile cataract comprised Group 2 (control group). Prior to surgery, ophthalmological examination was undertaken. Patients' best-corrected visual acuity and intraocular pressure were measured and a slit-lamp examination and funduscopy performed. All examination data were recorded and any capsule-related problems during surgery were also recorded. Patient files were reviewed retrospectively and compared between groups. Fisher's exact test was used in the statistical analysis. Results: In Group 1, the capsule-related problems found were: inability to complete capsulorhexis (seven eyes [6.6%]), posterior capsular perforation (three eyes [2.8%]), and conversion to extracapsular surgery (one eye [0.9%]). A posterior capsular perforation was seen in one eye (1%) in the control group. An intraocular lens was inserted into the sulcus in six eyes (5.7%) and one anterior chamber (0.9%) in Group 1 and into the sulcus in one eye (0.5%) of Group 2. The lens was inserted into the capsular bag in all other patients. Conclusion: Delaying surgery in patients with cataracts creates a high risk for capsule-related surgical complications. Although capsule dyes make capsulorhexis easier, capsulorhexis is the most problematic phase of phacoemulsification in mature cataracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Evaluation of the efficacy of monochromatic photography of the ocular fundus in differentiating optic nerve head drusen (ONHD) and optic disc oedema (ODE). Methods: Sixty-six patients with ONHD, 31 patients with ODE and 70 healthy subjects were studied. Colour and monochromatic fundus photography with different filters (green, red and autofluorescence) were performed. The results were analysed blindly by two observers. The sensitivity, specificity and interobserver agreement (k) of each test were assessed. Results: Colour photography offers 65.5 % sensitivity and 100 % specificity for the diagnosis of ONHD. Monochromatic photography improves sensitivity and specificity and provides similar results: green filter (71.20 % sensitivity, 96.70 % specificity), red filter (80.30 % sensitivity, 96.80 % specificity), and autofluorescence technique (87.8 % sensitivity, 100 % specificity). The interobserver agreement was good with all techniques used: autofluorescence ( k = 0.957), green filter ( k = 0.897), red filter ( k = 0.818) and colour ( k = 0.809). Conclusions: Monochromatic fundus photography permits ONHD and ODE to be differentiated, with good sensitivity and very high specificity. The best results were obtained with autofluorescence and red filter study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a case of a 74-year-old female, with a mitral heart valve, who presented with pain and blurred vision in the right eye for 2 days. Her visual acuity was light perception (LP) in the right eye and 20/40 in the left eye. Slit lamp examination showed corneal edema and hypopyon, and a view of the right fundus was impossible. Echography showed vitreous condensation. One day after presentation, the patient developed acute lung edema requiring hospitalization, so she was not submitted to vitreous tap and intravitreal treatment. The cardiac and systemic evaluations revealed a mitral endocarditis secondary to Enterococcus faecalis. The patient improved systemically with treatment with gentamicin, vancomycin, and linezolid. Her visual acuity remained as no LP, and her intraocular pressure (IOP) has been controlled with brimonidine bid despite developing a total cataract with 360° posterior synechia. A cardiac source for endogenous endophthalmitis should be considered in the presence of a prosthetic cardiac valve. The treatment and followup must be made in cooperation with a cardiologist specialist, but the ophthalmologist can play a key role in the diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

. Purpose: To assess accuracy and repeatability of central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements obtained by swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), spectral-domain retinal OCT with corneal module and ultrasound pachymetry (USP), and to assess repeatability of pachymetric mapping with AS-OCT. Methods: 50 healthy volunteers were recruited. A single, experienced operator analysed the right eye of each participant twice in the same session with AS-OCT ('corneal map' routine), retinal OCT and USP. CCT measurements were compared using repeated-measures analysis of variance, Bonferroni test, Pearson correlation and Bland-Altman plots. Repeatability of thickness maps and CCT measurements were assessed using Alpha of Cronbach, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of repeatability. Results: Mean CCT ± SD was 540 ± 28.9 μm for AS-OCT, 544 ± 29.5 μm for retinal OCT and 549.3 ± 31.7 μm for USP; the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.01). CCT measurements obtained with the three instruments were highly correlated: r was 0.965 for AS-OCT/USP, 0.962 for retinal OCT/USP and 0.984 for AS-OCT/retinal OCT comparison. The repeatability of CCT measurements was higher for AS-OCT than for the other devices (p < 0.001). Repeatability of pachymetric maps was excellent (ICC = 0.999). Conclusions: Pachymetric maps by swept-source AS-OCT showed excellent repeatability. CCT measurements obtained by AS-OCT, USP and retinal OCT were highly correlated although not identical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]