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We develop a static quantum embedding scheme that utilizes different levels of approximations to coupled cluster (CC) theory for an active fragment region and its environment. To reduce the computational cost, we solve the local fragment problem using a high-level CC method and address the environment problem with a lower-level Møller–Plesset (MP) perturbative method. This embedding approach inherits many conceptual developments from the hybrid second-order Møller–Plesset (MP2) and CC works by Nooijen [J. Chem. Phys. 111, 10815 (1999)] and Bochevarov and Sherrill [J. Chem. Phys. 122, 234110 (2005)]. We go beyond those works here by primarily targeting a specific localized fragment of a molecule and also introducing an alternative mechanism to relax the environment within this framework. We will call this approach MP-CC. We demonstrate the effectiveness of MP-CC on several potential energy curves and a set of thermochemical reaction energies, using CC with singles and doubles as the fragment solver, and MP2-like treatments of the environment. The results are substantially improved by the inclusion of orbital relaxation in the environment. Using localized bonds as the active fragment, we also report results for N=N bond breaking in azomethane and for the central C–C bond torsion in butadiene. We find that when the fragment Hilbert space size remains fixed (e.g., when determined by an intrinsic atomic orbital approach), the method achieves comparable accuracy with both a small and a large basis set. Additionally, our results indicate that increasing the fragment Hilbert space size systematically enhances the accuracy of observables, approaching the precision of the full CC solver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pure rotational and rovibrational spectra of the ν27 –NH2 torsion of cyclopropylamine (CPA) in the far-infrared region were measured with a high-resolution Fourier transform infrared coupled to a synchrotron. The complex spectra reflect the presence of both trans and gauche conformers. Analysis of the pure rotational spectra (34–64 cm−1) yielded accurate rotational and centrifugal distortion constants of the ground and first two torsional excited states of trans-CPA. The fundamental, hot bands and weak overtones were identified and assigned in the 200–550 cm−1 range. Global analysis of over 19 000 transitions provides accurate energy levels of the torsional polyads up to vT = 3. The torsional levels and their rotational constants were in agreement with the theoretical results from quasiadiabatic channel reaction path Hamiltonian (RPH) calculations, emphasizing the need for molecular-specific theoretical treatments for large amplitude motions. Tunneling components of the torsional fundamental of gauche-CPA were assigned based on the RPH results and symmetry considerations, differing from previous experimental and theoretical work. This comprehensive spectroscopic characterization of CPA is crucial for its potential detection in the interstellar medium as a precursor to complex prebiotic molecules, providing essential data for future astronomical searches and advancing our understanding of nitrogen-containing organic molecules in space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lack of observational data for the AlO molecule in the mesosphere/lower thermosphere may be due to ablated aluminum reacting quickly to form other species. Previously proposed reaction pathways show that aluminum could be ablated in the atmosphere from meteoritic activity, but there currently exist very limited spectroscopic data on the intermediates in these reactions, limiting the possible detection of said molecules. As such, rovibrational spectroscopic data are computed herein using quartic force field methodology at four different levels of theory for the neutral intermediates AlCO3, OAlO2, and HOAlO2. Each molecule exhibits multiple vibrational modes with large vibrational transition intensities. For instance, the C–O stretch (ν1) in AlCO3 has a harmonic intensity of 536 km mol−1, the Al–O stretch (ν2) in OAlO2 has an intensity of 678 km mol−1, and the out-of-plane torsion (ν9) in HOAlO2 has an intensity of 158 km mol−1. All three molecules have exceptionally large dipole moments of 6.27, 4.21, and 5.04 D, respectively. These properties indicate that all three molecules are good candidates for potential atmospheric observation utilizing vibrational and/or rotational spectroscopic techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A general formulation of the strong coupling between photons confined in a cavity and molecular electronic states is developed for the state-interaction state-average spin-restricted ensemble-referenced Kohn–Sham method. The light–matter interaction is included in the Jaynes–Cummings model, which requires the derivation and implementation of the analytical derivatives of the transition dipole moments between the molecular electronic states. The developed formalism is tested in the simulations of the nonadiabatic dynamics in the polaritonic states resulting from the strong coupling between the cavity photon mode and the ground and excited states of the penta-2,4-dieniminium cation, also known as PSB3. Comparison with the field-free simulations of the excited-state decay dynamics in PSB3 reveals that the light–matter coupling can considerably alter the decay dynamics by increasing the excited state lifetime and hindering photochemically induced torsion about the C=C double bonds of PSB3. The necessity of obtaining analytical transition dipole gradients for the accurate propagation of the dynamics is underlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a novel approach for systematically exploring the conformational space of small molecules with multiple internal torsions. Identifying unique conformers through a systematic conformational search is important for obtaining accurate thermodynamic functions (e.g., free energy), encompassing contributions from the ensemble of all local minima. Traditional geometry optimizers focus on one structure at a time, lacking transferability from the local potential-energy surface (PES) around a specific minimum to optimize other conformers. In this work, we introduce a physics-driven meta-Gaussian processes (meta-GPs) method that not only enables efficient exploration of target PES for locating local minima but, critically, incorporates physical surrogates that can be applied universally across the optimization of all conformers of the same molecule. Meta-GPs construct surrogate PESs based on the optimization history of prior conformers, dynamically selecting the most suitable prior mean function (representing prior knowledge in Bayesian learning) as a function of the optimization progress. We systematically benchmarked the performance of multiple GP variants for brute-force conformational search of amino acids. Our findings highlight the superior performance of meta-GPs in terms of efficiency, comprehensiveness of conformer discovery, and the distribution of conformers compared to conventional non-surrogate optimizers and other non-meta-GPs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that by concurrently optimizing, training GPs on the fly, and learning PESs, meta-GPs exhibit the capacity to generate high-quality PESs in the torsional space without extensive training data. This represents a promising avenue for physics-based transfer learning via meta-GPs with adaptive priors in exploring torsional conformer space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Recognizing testicular torsion is extremely important in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with acute scrotal pain. Traditional manual detorsion techniques are frequently employed by emergency physicians but are not always successful. Delays in detorsion increase the risk of testicular infarction and infertility, and the need for orchiectomy. Novel techniques such as the testicular traction technique have been described as a potential solution for difficult-to-detorse testicles.Case Report: Our case report describes a 20-year-old male with no significant past medical history who presented to a rural ED with acute, atraumatic testicular pain secondary to testicular torsion with an intact cremasteric reflex. After confirming the diagnosis using Doppler ultrasound, manual detorsion using the traditional “open book” technique was attempted and unsuccessful. The patient was subsequently successfully detorsed using the novel testicular traction technique.Conclusion: The testicular traction technique is a safe, rapid, and effective primary or adjunctive technique in manual testicular detorsion. Given the time-sensitive nature of testicular torsions, adjunctive techniques play a crucial role in managing challenging detorsions, particularly in resource-limited rural settings with limited access to urologic services. Although it is commonly thought that the cremasteric reflex is absent in testicular torsions, it may be present in rare circumstances, and its presence should not be an absolute in ruling out torsion.

This case report discusses a diagnosis of uterine torsion in an 84-year-old woman who presented with five days of right lower quadrant abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and poor intake. Computed tomography (CT) imaging demonstrated a whorled configuration at the junction of the cervix and lower uterine segment, with the left gonadal vein crossing midline, and two previously known right leiomyomas now appearing on the left. These findings were consistent with the diagnosis of uterine torsion. She then underwent an urgent exploratory laparotomy, and the uterus was found to be dextroverted 270 degrees, with dark mottled purple tissue and engorged vessels. A supracervical hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy were performed. Final pathology demonstrated extensive necrosis. This case reviews the classic presentation and imaging findings for the rare diagnosis of uterine torsion and options for management of both non-gravid and gravid patients.

In the presence of spacetime torsion, the momentum components do not commute; therefore, in quantum field theory, summation over the momentum eigenvalues will replace integration over the momentum. In the Einstein–Cartan theory of gravity, in which torsion is coupled to spin, the separation between the eigenvalues increases with the magnitude of the momentum. Consequently, this replacement regularizes divergent integrals in Feynman diagrams with loops by turning them into convergent sums. In this article, we apply torsional regularization to the self-energy of a charged lepton in quantum electrodynamics. We show that torsion eliminates the ultraviolet divergence of the standard self-energy. We also show that the infrared divergence is absent. In the end, we calculate the finite bare masses of the electron, muon, and tau lepton: 0.4329 MeV , 90.95 MeV , and 1543 MeV , respectively. These values constitute about 85% of the observed, re-normalized masses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the accurate free vibration characteristics of thin-walled box beam are discussed and the kinematic model is established by using fine shear deformation theory. The model adopts the in-plane and out-of-plane displacement fields including extension, torsion, warping and distortion, as well as the transverse shear due to bending and warping due to torsion. One-dimensional high-order beam theory is applied to the dynamic solution of thin-walled box beam, and the analytical solution of high free vibration modes of multi-deformation coupled modes under different boundary conditions is derived. The results show that warping, distortion and shear deformation play an important role in the free vibration characteristics of thin-walled box beam, and the validity of the model is verified. In addition, finite element software (ANSYS) is used for finite element simulation. The application of vibration mode in the structure design of thin-walled box beam is summarized, especially in the case of higher natural frequency. The calculation method is in good agreement with the finite element results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The focus of this study, using results obtained with hollow specimens of the alloy Al 2024 T3 (AlCuMg2 T3) with a one‐sided bore, was to determine if, under multiaxial loading, the fatigue strength in a notch with a uniaxial stress state can simply be assessed without the application of any multiaxial strength hypothesis. In the fatigue critical location, the bore edge, only a superimposition of normal stress components, resulting from axial loading or/and torsion, occurs. In the case of out‐of‐phase loading, the resulting local uniaxial stress is even lower than the stress under in‐phase loading and leads to an increase of fatigue life to crack initiation under the non‐proportional loading, which is not observed in the case of multiaxial stressing/straining of the material itself. As the local stress state in the crack initiation site is uniaxial, the application of a multiaxial strength hypothesis, for the failure criterion of crack initiation (l=0.2 mm), is not necessary. Furthermore, the benefit of non‐homogenous stress distributions, which allow locally higher stresses than the levels given by the Woehler‐line for unnotched specimens, was underlined by considering highly‐stressed, material‐volume‐related support factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the mechanisms of molluscan shell growth have been studied using mathematical models, little is known about the molecular basis underpinning shell morphogenesis. Here, we performed Wnt activation experiments to elucidate the potential roles of Wnt signaling in the shell growth of Lymnaea stagnalis. In general, we observed following three types of shell malformations in both dose- and developmental stage-dependent manners: (i) cap-shaped shell, (ii) cap-shaped shell with hydropic soft tissues, and (iii) compressed shell with a smaller number of coiling. We analyzed the morphologies of these malformed shells using the growing tube model, revealing that the compressed malformations show significantly larger values for T (torsion), with no significant changes in the values for the remaining parameters E (expansion) and C (curvature). We also found that cap-shaped malformations have significantly larger values for E, suggesting that the effects of BIO on shell formation may change during growth. Since the changes in T and/or E parameter values can greatly alter the shell morphologies from a planispiral or a cap-shaped one to various three-dimensional helices, changes in shell developmental processes possibly controlled by Wnt signaling may account for at least a part of the evolution of diverse shell forms in molluscs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The objective of this scoping review was to identify the topics of research and the types of studies published by the French Association of Urologists in Training (AFUF) since it was created, 35 years ago and to perform a bibliometric analysis. Methods: A scoping review on PubMed, Google scholar, Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE) was conducted from 1989 until the 31st of December 2023. The PRISMA extended guidelines for scoping reviews were followed. Articles were independently screened and analyzed by two reviewers. The theme type, primary results, language of publication, number of male and female authors and number of citations from each included article were extracted. Results: A total of 32 articles were included among which 17 surveys and 11 cohort studies. There was a median percentage of 20% women among authors. Fifteen articles (47%) were published in French and 17 articles in English. The median number of citations was 4.5. The topics covered were urologist in training's surgical education, well-being, professional practice, and urologic emergencies: renal trauma and spermatic cord torsion. The creation of large national databases enabled the generation of multiple studies focusing on previously under-represented topics. Conclusion: Over the 35 years since it was created, The AFUF has had an interesting and prolific scientific output. It has shown its concerns for urologists in training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Case Summary Unique Information Provided To describe the treatment of a unique cause of acute abdomen in a puppy.An 11‐week, 5‐day‐old female intact Alaskan Malamute was presented to an emergency service for an acute onset of vomiting. On evaluation, the puppy was found to have cranial abdominal pain with an otherwise normal physical examination. An inflammatory leukogram with no other clinically significant findings was found on the initial diagnostics. An abdominal ultrasound showed peritoneal effusion and a lobulated structure in the left cranial abdomen. An emergency exploratory celiotomy was performed, during which evidence of torsion was found in the left limb of the pancreas, which was subsequently excised from the abdomen. The puppy was hospitalized overnight and discharged the next day. Histopathology of the pancreas was consistent with torsion.Pancreatic torsion is a rare but potential cause of acute abdomen in dogs and can be successfully treated with surgical excision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Warping torsion in eccentrically loaded sandwich panels Currently, there is a growing interest in the application of sandwich panels subjected to both torsional and bending stresses. This is particularly relevant for façades when sandwich panels are equipped with photovoltaic panels or a supplementary curtain wall. Nevertheless, technical approval is currently dependent on the performance of sophisticated full‐scale tests, as a mechanically based or standardized calculation approach is not yet available for practical applications. This article provides a detailed analysis of the structural behavior of eccentrically loaded sandwich panels. A comprehensive series of experimental, numerical, and analytical studies were conducted on sandwich wall panels with a polyisocyanurate (PIR) core across a wide range of material‐specific and geometric parameters. The experimental data was employed to assess the validity and reliability of the finite element model and the analytical calculation model based on warping torsion. The core of the work is a parameter study based on this. The results prove the general applicability of warping torsion in sandwich panels within the specified limits and provide the foundation for a novel, practical approximation method for stress and deformation calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ovarian torsion (OT) is a rare gynaecological emergency that requires a prompt diagnosis for optimal patient management. To determine whether there were any biomarkers suitable for the non-invasive detection of OT, two independent reviewers performed systematic searches of five literature databases (PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Cochrane, and CINAHL) from inception until October 1st, 2023. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, the search included patients with OT that had quantified biomarker expression with no age, geographical location, publication date, language, or setting restrictions. Articles were excluded if OT was found incidentally, was based on qualitative analyses, or were not primary research articles. Full texts of 23 selected articles were assessed for risk of bias and quality assurance using a modified Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) for clinical studies and SYRCLE's risk of bias tool for the assessment of pre-clinical (animal) studies. A total of 11 articles described studies on animals and all described serum biomarkers comparing results between OT versus a sham operation, a control group, or readings before and after OT. Ischaemia-modified albumhumin (IMA), serum D-dimer (s-DD), heat shock protein-70 (hsp-70), Pentraxin-3 (PTX3), and c-reactive protein (CRP) each showed the most promise, with p-values for the difference between OT and control groups achieving ≤ 0.001. In studies of humans, the biomarkers ranged from 16.4 to 92.3% sensitivity and 77–100% specificity. The most promising biomarkers for the early prediction of OT in patients included s-DD, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IMA, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Signal peptide, CUB domain, and EGF-like domain-containing 1 (SCUBE1) had a high specificity at 93.3%, second only to s-DD and a positive likelihood ratio (LR) > 10. IMA was the only other biomarker that also had a positive LR > 10, making it a promising diagnostic biomarker. The studies identified by this systematic literature review each analysed small patient groups but IMA, DD, and SCUBE1 nevertheless showed promise as serum biomarkers with a pooled LR > 10. However, further well-designed studies are needed to identify and evaluate individual markers or diagnostic panels to help clinicians manage this important organ-threatening condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We construct sphere fibrations over (n−1)$(n-1)$‐connected 2n$2n$‐manifolds such that the total space is a connected sum of sphere products. More precisely, for n$n$ even, we construct fibrations Sn−1→#k−1(Sn×S2n−1)→Mk$S^{n-1} \rightarrow \#^{k-1}(S^n \times S^{2n-1}) \rightarrow M_k$, where Mk$M_k$ is a (n−1)$(n-1)$‐connected 2n$2n$‐dimensional Poincaré duality complex that satisfies Hn(Mk)≅Zk$H_n(M_k)\cong {\mathbb {Z}}^k$, in a localised category of spaces. The construction of the fibration is proved for k⩾2$k\geqslant 2$, where the prime 2, and the primes that occur as torsion in π2n−1(Sn)$\pi _{2n-1}(S^n)$ are inverted. In specific cases, by either assuming n$n$ is small, or assuming k$k$ is large we can reduce the number of primes that need to be inverted. Integral results are obtained for n=2$n=2$ or 4, and if k$k$ is bigger than the number of cyclic summands in the stable stem πn−1s$\pi _{n-1}^s$, we obtain results after inverting 2. Finally, we prove some applications for fibrations over N#Mk$N\# M_k$, and for looped configuration spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective: This study aimed to assess the protective ability of edaravone on testicular torsion–detorsion injury in rats. Methods: Eighteen adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: Sham group (control, n = 6); testicular torsion/detorsion (T/D group, n = 6) and T/D+edaravone (T/D+E group, n = 6). The spermatic cords of rats of the T/D group and the T/D+E group were rotated 720° in a clockwise direction and maintained for 120 min in this torsion position. Around 90 min after the torsion, edaravone at a dose of 10 mg/kg dissolved in saline was administered IP to the T/D+E group. The testicle was counter‐rotated to its normal position to allow reperfusion for 4 h. Left testes of each animal were excised 240 min after beginning of reperfusion. Oxidative stress markers (TAS, TOS, SOD, and MDA) and apoptotic pathways (Caspase 3, Caspase 8, Caspase 9, Bcl‐2, and Bax,) were assessed by ELISA methods. Also, testicles were subjected to the histopathologic and ultrasound examinations. Results: Ultrasound imaging showed that edaravone reduced the surface area and increased vascularization in testicles with T/D (p < 0.0001, p < 0.05, respectively). Edaravone pretreatment markedly decreased the levels of MDA, TOS, Bcl‐2, Bax, Caspase 3, Caspase 8, and Caspase 9 (p < 0.0001). Also, it increased significantly TAS levels (p < 0.0001) and reduced insignificantly SOD activity. Histopathologic examinations demonstrated that edaravone significantly attenuated the histological damage caused by T/D in testicles. Conclusion: Taken together, the findings indicate that pretreatment of edaravone has protective effect against testicular T/D injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gynecological emergencies can often present with a myriad of non-specific signs and symptoms, posing a diagnostic challenge to the clinician. They can be grossly divided into uterine or adnexal pathologies. Uterine pathologies can be secondary to intracavitary accumulation of blood [like in patients with transverse vaginal septum, Robert's uterus, accessory and cavitated uterine mass, unicornuate uterus with contralateral non-communicating functional horn], bleeding per vaginum [like in patients with retained products of conception, enhanced myometrial vascularity], pyometra [secondary to pelvic inflammatory disease, cervical obstruction secondary to benign and malignant causes] or complications of fibroids [like red degeneration, torsion of subserosal fibroid]. The adnexal pathologies can range from ectopic pregnancy in a urine pregnancy test (UPT) positive patient to haemorrhagic ovarian cyst, ovarian torsion, ruptured dermoid cyst and tubo-ovarian abscess in a UPT negative patient. Multimodality imaging including ultrasound (USG), computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can narrow down the differentials and help in formulating an accurate diagnosis. The objective of this article is to familiarize the readers with multimodality imaging findings in common as well as uncommon acute gynecological emergencies and provide an algorithmic imaging approach for acute gynecological emergencies. USG is typically used as the first line diagnostic modality in diagnosis of acute gynecological emergencies. CT scan & MRI are helpful as a problem-solving tool in acute gynecological emergencies when USG findings are indeterminate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beam-column joints' behavior is a key research focus due to their critical role in maintaining structural integrity and safety during earthquakes. While concentric joints have been extensively studied, eccentric joints, where beams' centerlines deviate from columns' centerlines, remain relatively unexplored. Beam-column joints exhibit more complex behavior, experiencing a significantly higher shear force (approximately six-fold that of a column), along with flexural moments and normal forces. The joint's eccentricity introduces a torsional moment that amplifies shear stress, and the beam is subjected to an out-of-plane moment (around one-sixth of the primary moment). The out-of-plane moment reduces the joint's resistance mechanism by reducing the confinement provided by beams. To examine the influence of beam eccentricity on the ductility, strength, and failure mechanism of beam-column joints, comprehensive nonlinear finite element (FE) analyses were conducted utilizing experimental eccentric beam-column joints, followed by meticulous validation of the developed model. The models employed incompatible mode mesh element and energy-based models for the concrete material behavior, utilizing an explicit solver. The models were used to examine the impact of various geometric parameters, boundary conditions, and axial load levels on behaviors (global and local) of the beam-column joint subassemblies. The examined geometric parameters encompass aspect ratios of joint and column for both joint types (exterior and interior). Joint behaviors were observed to be significantly influenced by the boundary conditions of the column. Furthermore, the aspect ratio of the joint, representing the beam-to-column depth ratio, played a predominant role in determining the joint failure mechanism by limiting their ability to develop beam hinges. Increasing the aspect ratio of the column had a modest effect on the joint's shear strength but improved the joint subassemblies' ductile behavior, despite increasing the joint's torsional moment. Higher column axial load levels increased the joint's shear strength and led to a shift in cracking patterns from diagonal to vertical. Interestingly, the study found that interior joints experienced higher out-of-plane moments. Exterior and interior joints maintained a level of approximately 62.5 % as a ratio between their shear strength across all models. Moreover, it was observed that yielding of joint stirrups correlated with a shear distortion angle of approximately 0.5 × 10 − 2 rad. Restrictions of ACI provisions on the aspect ratio of the joint seem to be conservative for eccentric interior joints. On the other side, the ACI provisions might overestimate eccentric exterior joint shear strengths as the aspect ratio exceeds unity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a general method is developed for the torsional vibration of non-circular-shaped nanorods with varying boundary conditions using second-order strain gradient theory. In most of the studies in the literature, the cross section of the rods is considered to be circular. The reason for this is that the use of warping function is inevitable when the cross section geometry is not circular. For circular cross sections after torsion, the warping is very small and is considered to be non-existent. For non-circular sections, cross section warping should be taken into account in mathematical calculations. The cross section geometry is different from circular in this study, and the boundary conditions are not rigid, contrary to most studies in the literature. In this paper, the second-order strain gradient theory and the most general solution method are discussed. In some specific cases, it is possible to transform the problem into many studies found in the literature. The correctness of the algorithm is tested by comparing the resulting solutions with closed solutions found in the literature. The influence of some variables on the torsional frequencies is illustrated by a series of graphical figures, and the superiority of the applied method is summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Polymers in practical applications often face diverse torsional loads, such as polymeric gears, couplings, scaffolds, etc. Meanwhile, additive manufacturing enables the creation of intricate geometries for specific needs and its application to fabricate various component parts has grown exponentially. Nevertheless, research on cyclic and reversed cyclic torsional loading of additively-manufactured polymers is very limited. Objective: Mechanical characterization of monotonic, cyclic, and reversed cyclic torsion in polylactic acid (PLA), PLA Premium, and PLA Tough materials. Methods: Specimens were 3D-printed with a 0° build orientation using an extrusion technique and two infill orientation angles (± 45° and 0°/90°). Specimens were subjected to underwent monotonic, cyclic, and reversed cyclic torsion until failure. Results: Regardless of material type, ductile fracture governed the behavior under monotonic loading and brittle failure under cyclic and reversed cyclic loadings. Specimens with a ± 45° infill orientation outperformed their 0°/90° counterparts across all materials, with PLA Premium exhibiting superior performance compared to PLA and PLA Tough. Importantly, it was demonstrated that the previously-proposed multilinear idealized shear stress-shear strain curve, developed for monotonic loading of 15 different polymers, also applies to the envelope curves of cyclic and reversed cyclic loading in PLA-based polymers. Thus, it is useful as material model input for numerical simulation purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a new model for anisotropic compact stars with quintessence in Rastall teleparallel gravity via embedding approach. In the gravity, the acquired field equations encompassing the anisotropic matter source as well as the quintessence field are studied using the specific character of the scalar torsion T for the observed stars candidates PSRJ 1416–2230, 4U 1608–52, CenX–3, EXO 1785–248 and SMC X–1. All of the stellar structures under consideration are said to be advantageously independent of any central singularity and are stable. A thorough graphical analysis reveals that numerous physical properties critical for forming stellar structures are satisfied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The release of ground stress brought on by overlying excavation poses a significant threat to regular tunnel operation, especially when the foundation pit intersects the tunnel inclination, and the torsional deformation of the tunnel also needs to be considered. Based on the foundation pit intersecting with the subway tunnel at an angle, the U-shaped soil reinforcing (USR) technique was introduced to limit the tunnel heave produced by overlying excavation. The Topcon MS05A automated monitoring system was used to track the following: (1) the evolution of the tunnel heave over time and space; (2) the convergent deformation of the cross section; and (3) the torsional deformation. The reinforcement efficiency of the USR method was assessed with numerical simulations, and the effect of intersection angles and reinforcement dimensions on the deformation of the underlying tunnel was further discussed. In addition, an optimal design was suggested for the USR method that considers cost. Tunnel deformation utilizing the USR method was reduced by 63.40%, and the maximum heave was observed to be merely 6.5 mm. The influence zone on the tunnel by overlying excavation was up to 2.5 times the excavation widths, and the tunnel always produced clockwise rotation. Backfilling generates significant and sharp distortion, so the backfilling speed must be carefully controlled. The foundation pit spanning the tunnel at a small angle caused a bigger heave and torsion of the tunnel, which should be avoided. The proposed optimization approach can determine the cost based on the tunnel deformation control criteria. This study provided a valuable reference for the protection of adjacent excavations of subway tunnels in deep sandy strata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellular covers which originate in homotopy theory are considered here for a very special class: divisible uniserial modules over valuation domains. This is a continuation of the study of cellular covers of divisible objects, but in order to obtain more substantial results, we are restricting our attention further to specific covers or to specific kernels. In particular, for h-divisible uniserial modules, we deal first with covers limited to divisible torsion-free modules (Section 3), and continue with the restriction to torsion standard uniserials (Sections 4–5). For divisible non-standard uniserial modules, only those cellular covers are investigated whose kernels are also divisible non-standard uniserials (Section 6). The results are specific enough to enable us to describe more accurately how to find all cellular covers obeying the chosen restrictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G(q) be a twisted or untwisted finite exceptional group of Lie type over GF (q) , either adjoint or simply connected, and let W be the Weyl group of G(q). This paper compiles an extensive data set on the maximal tori of G(q). A systematic labeling is given, via the corresponding conjugacy classes of W, together with a complete list of the structures of the maximal tori in terms of their torsion coefficient decomposition. Additionally the associated admissible graphs and the structure or shape of centralizers of elements in W are given as well as compatible computer files. Also various apparent inconsistencies in the current literature on simply connected groups are discussed and resolved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the evaluation and operative outcomes of patients attending a single urology centre with acute testicular pain (ATP) who underwent scrotal exploration. We sought to determine adherence to the Royal College of Surgeons England (RCS) commissioning guide on testicular torsion, clinical and radiological features predictive of torsion, time-dependent salvage rates and surgical technique in a contemporary cohort. Patients and Methods: A single-centre retrospective review was carried out from 2015 to 2020. All patients presenting with acute testicular pain undergoing surgical exploration were included. Results: 140 patients were identified, median age 16 years, 40 had testicular torsion (TT) (30%) where nausea (positive predictive value (PPV) 51.7%, p = 0.009) and abnormal testis lie (PPV 50%, p = 0.008) were more frequent. TT was the most common diagnosis if presenting <4 hours (44%), and in patients 13–16 years (62%). Time-to-surgery from the assessment was <3 hours in 109 of 128 (85.2%). The overall salvage rate was 74.4%, with salvage rates of 100% at 6 hours from the onset of pain. Viable tissue was seen on histology in 30% of orchidectomies, up to 25 hours from the onset of pain. Discussion: Surgical exploration <6 hours from the onset of pain is the threshold for salvage in TT. Clinical findings should be combined with patient age and time to presentation to aid diagnosis. Patients between 13 and 16 years are at the highest risk of TT and frequently present early following the onset of pain. Given the heterogenicity of surgical management and the highest risk of TT to the paediatric population, speciality organisations should produce definitive guidance on the management of TT. Level of evidence: OCEBM Level 3 evidence [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To analyze the clinical characteristics, surgical management decisions, and outcomes of Neonatal testicular torsion (NTT) in order to offer guidance for future clinical practice. Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with NTT who were admitted and underwent surgery from January 2008 to October 2023. A total of 24 neonates were enrolled in this study, all of whom were unilateral cases. Age of onset was 0 d (IQR: 0–1.8), while the median duration of symptoms was 73 h (IQR: 26–199). Clinical manifestation included enlarged scrotum (75 %), changes in scrotal color (79 %), and crying upon palpation (17 %). All patients underwent urgent bilateral exploration and performed by orchiectomy and contralateral orchiopexy. NTT primarily occurs prenatally with insidious manifestations, often leading to omission or misdiagnosis. The testicular salvage rate is extremely low. Physicians need to attach importance to neonatal testicular examination, improve the vigilance of NTT. Early bilateral exploration does not necessarily save the affected testes, but it is more important to prevent damage to the contralateral one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute scrotum is a medical emergency that requires prompt accurate diagnosis to appropriately triage potentially surgical conditions. Numerous differential diagnoses with overlapping clinical presentations make this a diagnostic challenge. Ultrasound is the established first-line imaging modality for acute scrotal disease and can be used to diagnose most scrotal disorders promptly and with high accuracy. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision process support the systematic analysis of the medical literature from peer reviewed journals. Established methodology principles such as Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE are adapted to evaluate the evidence. The RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method User Manual provides the methodology to determine the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where peer reviewed literature is lacking or equivocal, experts may be the primary evidentiary source available to formulate a recommendation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We know that all automorphism α of an injective module D can be extended to an automorphism of any module N which embedded D as a submodule. We say then that α satisfies the extension property in the category of module. Extending an automorphism in a given category is both interesting and a difficult problem to solve. However in the category of groups, Schupp [10] proved that only inner automorphisms have the extension property. Ben Yakoub [5], in the category of algebras, has found an automorphism which is not inner but satisfies the extension property. Abdelalim et al. [1–3] solved this problem in a category of mixed modules over a bounded factorization domain, in the category of free modules over an integral domain, and in a category of torsion modules over a unique factorization domain. One of the issues that we think is important is this. What happens to the results of the extension property, if we weaken the conditions on the ring of scalars while widening the category of mixed modules? Let A be an integral Domain. Let M ′ be a free A-module and T a torsion A-module such that ⋂ a ∈ A ∗ a T = { 0 T } . We give a necessary and sufficient condition such that an automorphism α of M = M ′ ⊕ T satisfies the extension property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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An 8‐year‐old female domestic shorthair, presenting for a 3‐day history of lethargy and hyporexia, was obtunded, dehydrated, tachypneic, and had abdominal distension on physical exam with no vaginal discharge or pyrexia. Abdominal radiographs revealed a large, ovoid soft tissue mass and a tortuous, tubular soft tissue structure in the abdomen. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a severely fluid‐distended uterus with a left uterine torsion, which was demonstrated by a "whirl sign." Emergency ovariohysterectomy surgically confirmed a 360° torsion of the left uterine horn with a fluid‐distended right uterine horn. Histopathology confirmed a diagnosis of pyometra, and the cat recovered uneventfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrahigh-performance concrete (UHPC) is a type of concrete that has gained attention from researchers for its potential use in various structural applications to improve the behavior of concrete structures. Despite this interest, there are limited experimental test results available on how the ratio of stirrups and the dosage of steel fibers affect the torsional behavior of UHPC beams. This study presents an experimental investigation and theoretical prediction of torque capacity (UHPC) of beams with different ratios of stirrups and dosages of steel fibers under pure torsion. One normal-strength concrete (NSC) beam and 10 UHPC beams with 150×200-mm cross sections were tested. The experimental parameters were the dosages of steel fibers (1% and 2%) and the spacings of the stirrups of 0.0, 50,100, 150, and 200 mm. Including the UHPC high tensile strength and volume fraction of steel fibers, an expression for cracking and ultimate torques of UHPC was proposed and verified. Results showed that the UHPC beams have brittle failure modes compared to NSC beams. Results demonstrated that the UHPC beams showed higher initial cracking and ultimate torsional moments than the NSC beam. The additional steel fibers enhance the torsional properties, and this improvement was linearly at the effective stirrup's ratio higher than 0.25%. The 1% or higher steel fiber dosage was confirmed to be enough to substitute the missing strength of the stirrups. Results of previous research and the suggested cracking and ultimate torque equations of UHPC agreed with the experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characterization of automorphisms having the extension property in the category of modules is an open problem. In earlier works (Abdelalim et al. in: Springer proceedings in mathematics and statistics, vol 311, pp 313–323, 2020, Abdelalim et al. in Discuss Math-Gen Algebra Appl 43, 2023), the authors solved this problem in the category of direct sum of cyclic torsion-free modules over a BFD and in the category of a direct finite sum of cyclic modules with torsion over a UFD. It is natural to see what happens in other categories. In this paper, we extend the result in Abdelalim et al. (Discuss Math-Gen Algebra Appl 43, 2023) to the category of a direct infinite sum of cyclic modules over a BFD with torsions. Let A be a bounded factorization domain (BFD). Consider a direct infinite sum M of cyclic modules over A such that the torsion part of M is a proper submodule of M and let α be an automorphism of M. We give a necessary and sufficient condition such that α satisfies the extension property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicene has very good electronic properties and has important applications in the field of microelectronics. The effects of torsional deformation on the structural, electronic and optical properties of B absorbed silicene system are studied by using density functional theory based on the first-principles. The binding energy of the adsorption system under different torsion angles was calculated, and the stability of the system was analyzed. After analyzing the energy band structure, it is found that the band gap of silicene can be adjusted by changing the twist angle. The twist angle affects the amount of electron transfer that occurs between the B-Si bonds. The optical properties of the torsion-adsorption system were studied, including dielectric function, absorption coefficient and reflectivity. The distortion has obvious effects on the absorption spectrum and reflection spectrum, and improves the light transmittance of silicene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Axial malalignment of the bilateral femurs and tibias, previously known as "miserable" malalignment, now renamed tetratorsional malalignment (TTM), presents with hip and/or knee pain refractory to nonoperative treatment. Purpose: We sought to investigate whether bilateral rotational osteotomy of the femur and tibia leads to improvement in a deformity-specific patient-reported outcome measure (PROM). Methods: A retrospective review of patients who underwent staged rotational correction of the bilateral femur and tibias was performed. Computed tomography (CT) was used to measure the preoperative rotational profile and plan the surgical correction. Stabilization was predominantly with intramedullary nails. The primary outcome measure was the Limb Deformity-modified Scoliosis Research Society (LDSRS) score. Secondary outcomes included change in mechanical limb alignment and complications of the procedure. Results: Sixteen patients (13 female and 3 male) with average age of 23.1 years (range: 15–36 years) underwent 4-segment rotational correction. The averages for femoral and tibial deformity correction were 23.5° (6.2° SD) and 20.9° (5.2° SD), respectively. The total LDSRS score improved from 3.67 (0.3 SD) to 4.39 (0.3 SD) (P =.001). The LDSRS sub-scores for function, pain, and self-image also significantly improved. In patients not undergoing concurrent coronal deformity correction, the limb mechanical axis was not significantly changed. No additional procedures were performed to obtain bone union. Three patients required peroneal nerve decompression following the index procedure, and all neurologic symptoms resolved. Conclusion: This retrospective review suggests that correction of TTM of the lower extremities may lead to improvements in function, pain, and self-image. There were minimal complications and no iatrogenic deformity among 16 patients reviewed. The new diagnosis, TTM, is descriptive of this debilitating condition without communicating a negative patient image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under earthquake excitations, reinforced concrete (RC) columns could be subjected to lateral drift reversals and a combination of axial forces, bending moments, and torsional effects. This paper investigates the behavior of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP)-RC columns under seismic-simulated loading, including torsion, which has not been studied previously. Seven large-scale circular GFRP-RC column-footing connections were cast and tested under various combined reversed cyclic loading configurations to examine the effects of torsion-bending moment ratio (tm), transverse reinforcement ratio, and concrete compressive strength. The test results revealed that increasing the tm reduced the lateral load capacity and deformability of the GFRP-RC column, but resulted in a more symmetric torque-twist relationship. Increasing the transverse reinforcement ratio mitigated core damage and provided additional support (for example, spiral turns) for torsion-induced tensile stresses. Moreover, increased concrete compressive strength bolstered torque capacity and torsional stiffness, while, under a tm of 0.4, it resulted in decreased twist capacity. When torsion was present, increasing the concrete compressive strength had an insignificant impact on the bending-shear response, differing from findings for GFRP-RC columns subjected to seismic loading without torsion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reinforced concrete (RC) bridge columns often encounter complex combinations of loads, including flexural, axial, shear, and torsional forces, during seismic events, especially in the presence of geometric irregularities such as skewed or curved bridges, unequal spans, or varying column heights. Corrosion-related deterioration in RC structures spurred the adoption of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) as a promising alternative to steel reinforcement. This study experimentally investigates the performance of GFRP-RC circular columns under cyclic loading, including torsion with different torsion-to-bending moment ratios (tm and longitudinal reinforcement ratios. The results showed that, with the same reinforcement ratios, the addition of torsion to cyclic bending and shear significantly altered the behavior of the GFRP-RC column in terms of mode of failure, load resistance, drift capacity, and energy dissipation. The inelastic deformability hinge shifted upward with increased tm. Higher tm accelerated stiffness degradation, while increasing the longitudinal reinforcement ratio enhanced lateral load, drift, and twist capacities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adnexal torsion (AT) is a rare emergency complication during pregnancy. Increasing evidence implies that operative laparoscopy for adnexal torsion performed during pregnancy could be safe and feasible. We procured and evaluated the surgical and obstetric outcomes between laparoscopy and laparotomy to determine the optimal approach for treating AT during pregnancy. Methods: This was a retrospective study involving telephone questionnaire on adnexal torsion during pregnancy that occurred between July 2012 and July 2023 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. The study cohort included 155 pregnant women who underwent laparotomy or laparoscopic surgery. The clinical characteristics, surgical interventions, postoperative pathology and pregnancy outcomes were analyzed. Results: A total of 102 patients were treated by laparoscopy, and 53 patients were treated by laparotomy. Compared with the laparotomy group, the laparoscopy group had significantly less blood loss (17.5 ml vs. 20.0 ml, p =.004), a lower incidence of delayed incision healing (1.0% vs. 11.3%, p =.011), and a shorter hospital stay (5.0 days vs. 8.0 days, p <.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of obstetric outcomes, including preterm delivery, miscarriage rate, birth weight, delivery gestation, cesarean delivery rate, or neonatal intensive care unit admission. All the pathological findings were benign except for one case of borderline mucinous cystadenoma. The most common pathological types were luteal cysts in the laparoscopy group and mature teratomas in the laparotomy group. Conclusion: In this retrospective study, compared with laparotomy, laparoscopy yielded successful outcomes, with less surgical bleeding, less delayed wound healing, and shorter hospital stays. Laparoscopy could be a promising approach for diagnosing and treating AT during pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Objectives Materials and methods Results Discussion and conclusion Testicular torsion is a common urological emergency in children and teenagers that, in most cases, requires surgical exploration and detorsion. However, even after a successful intervention, a high number of patients still develop irreversible damage.To investigate whether the administration of phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE) in animal models of testicular torsion can reduce damages caused by the ischemia–reperfusion syndrome.A systematic search of the Medline, Web of Science, Embase, and Ovid databases for studies up to December 2023 was performed using PRISMA guidelines. A detailed search was conducted using the following key terms: “testicles,” “ischemia,” “reperfusion,” and “phosphodiesterase inhibitors.” There was no restriction regarding language or year of publication. We investigated spermatogenesis by the Johnsen's biopsy score (JTBS) and histological damage by the Cosentino's biopsy score (CBS). Malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) testicular levels were also analyzed.Initially, 296 articles were identified. However, only 20 studies met the inclusion criteria. PDE inhibitors improved JTBS (MD = 2.53, CI = 1.94 to 3.13), CBS (MD = −1.11, CI = −1.25 to −0.97) and SOD (SMD = 3.27, CI = 1.59 to 4.95) outcomes. PDE did not improve MDA (SMD = −0.93, CI = −2.19 to 0.34), NO (SMD = −0.54, CI = −1.56 to 0.48), and GPx (SMD = 0.77, CI = −0.38 to 1.92) outcomes. A higher dose of PDE inhibitors only improved CBS outcome.This review indicates that the administration of PDE inhibitors in rats ameliorated the outcomes, representing a promising complementary strategy for spermatogenesis recovery following testicular torsion. Our review suggests that JTBS and CBS could be translated into future human studies, validating and extending these findings within the context of human physiopathology, while providing applicability of interventions in real clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is related to the dynamics of stellar structure under the influence of modified gravity (in particular f(T) gravity, where T is associated with a torsion scalar). We contemplate non-static plane geometry equipped with fluid dissipation in the form of diffusion limit. The suitable variables to handle the analysis are explored. To comprehend the dynamics of the system, we acquire the dynamical equations with the aid of Bianchi identities. We calculate the Taub mass for our structure and develop the relations of mass in the form of collapsing velocity, derivative of proper radial, and time. The scalars to comprehend the evolution and structure are explored for non-static plane geometry. These scalars have a novel existence for this structure. We find that the homogeneous expansion and homologous ways of evolution interrelate with each other. We perform the investigation for two cases that is dissipative and non-dissipative. The nature of the fluid in the dissipative case is shear and geodesic. We calculate the variety of solutions in this case. The analysis is concluded by analyzing the stability of the vanishing YTF constraint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of excessive body mass (BMI) is increasing in pediatric population. Accordingly, the number of musculoskeletal problems in this population is also likely to increase. The quadriceps angle (Q-angle) is a clinical measure used to measure knee alignment in relation to the hip, femur, and tibia, as well as evaluating alignment of the patella. Tibial torsion (T.T) is an important morphological feature of human tibia. The aim of that study was to study the relationship between the Q-angle and TT in children 8 to 12 years old, the effect of BMI on Q-angle and T.T, and the difference in Q-angle and TT between dominant and non-dominant side. Results: "Seventy-five children from primary schools" were enrolled in the study and allocated into 3 groups (25 subjects in each group), according to BMI: group I (normal weight = 25), group II (overweight = 25), and group III (obese = 25). The mean value of age of groups I, II, and III was 10.35 ± 1, 10.74 ± 1.2, and 10.17 ± 1.18 years respectively; the mean value of weight was 29.88 ± 3.94, 43.68 ± 6.55, and 50.06 ± 10.44 kg respectively; the mean value of height was 135.28 ± 7.63, 143.2 ± 8.85, and 140.72 ± 9.3 cm respectively; and the mean value of BMI was 16.22 ± 1, 21.18 ± 1.4, and 25.17 ± 2.67 kg/m2. The number (%) of boys in groups I, II, and III was 15 (60%), 18 (72%), and 17 (68%) respectively and of girls was 10 (40%), 7 (28%), and 8 (32%) respectively. The significant values were Q-angle and TT. Data were expressed as mean ± SD. ANOVA was used to compare between subjects' characteristics of the groups. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for testing normality of data distribution. One-way MANOVA was used to compare parametric variables (Q-angle and TT) between the two groups. Compared with normal weight children, there was statistically significant increase in Q-angle and TT angle in overweight and obese children. Conclusion: Any change in BMI would eventually lead to change in both Q-angle and TT angle. The greater the BMI values, the greater the values of Q-angle and TT angle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterotic toriodal ℤ2×ℤ2 orbifolds may possess discrete torsion between the two defining orbifold twists in the form of additional cocycle factors in their one-loop partition functions. Using Gauged Linear Sigma Models (GLSMs) the consequences of discrete torsion can be uncovered when the orbifold is smoothed out by switching on appropriate blowup modes. Here blowup modes with twisted oscillator excitations are chosen to reproduce bundles that are close to the standard embedding without torsion. The orbifold resolutions with discrete torsion are distinguished from resolutions without torsion, since they require NS5-branes at their exceptional cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractConsider a pair of right triangles with an equal hypotenuse. This turns out to solve the diophantine system of equations a2 + b2 = c2 + d2 = e2 in integers. To this system we associate a family of elliptic curves with defining equation y2 = (x−a2)(x−b2)(x−c2)+a2b2c2. We show that there exists a subfamily of rank ≥ 3 over ℚ(m, n, k, ℓ) and obtain a subfamily of rank (exactly) four over ℚ(k) and determine a set of its free generators. Besides, we show there exist infinitely many elliptic curves of rank ≥ 5 parameterized by a rank five quartic elliptic curve. We also find a few particular examples with higher ranks. The families we construct have ℤ/2ℤ torsion subgroups in general. The previous work [13] has obtained similar Pythagorean quadruplet elliptic curve families in two parameters with rank ≥ 3. (Recall that by a Pythagorean quadruplet (a, b, c, d), we mean an integer solution to the quadratic equation a2 + b2 = c2 + d2.) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The prevalence of foreleg distal asymmetry and its relationship with the size of the feed bunk were studied in two farms (G60 and G100) in northern Mexico. The prevalence was 27.6% (G60: 31.4%, G100: 22.4%); principal component analysis revealed that the weight variables associated with leg diseases were the farm (G60) and three out of twelve pens in G100. Furthermore, the analysis indicated that the weight variables for leg diseases were the farm (G60) and three out of twelve pens in G100. The prevalence was related to the width of the feed bunks and the width of the manure crust on them. The proper cleaning of feed bunks and their adequate design and construction are strategies that can reduce lameness and premature culling of cows. Leg torsion and distal asymmetry (LTDA) among cows reared on intensive farms in the Comarca Lagunera region of northern Mexico may be indicative of underlying health concerns. To ascertain whether the incidence of LTDA is associated with trough measurements and with productive, reproductive, and disease variables, the prevalence of LTDA was determined in lactating dairy cows. The data were derived from two intensive dairy farms in northern Mexico (G60: 2043 cows in 13 pens with 142.0 m of linear feed bunk space and 65.0 m of pen depth; G100: 2227 cows in 12 pens with 215.0 m of linear feed bunk space and 49.0 m of pen depth). The cows were observed over the course of a week to identify any macroscopic lesions indicative of LTDA. Cows exhibiting lesions were assigned a value of "1", while those without lesions were assigned a value of "0". Furthermore, data regarding other limb diseases (LDs) were collected and subjected to analysis. A comparison was conducted to ascertain the impact of reproductive, productive, and feed bunk size variables on the prevalence of LTDA and other LDs. To ascertain the prevalence of LTDA and LDs, a chi-squared test was employed. The prevalence of LTDA was found to be 27.6% (G60: 31.4%, G100: 22.4%). No association was identified between LTDA and the variables included in the study. However, a correlation was identified between LDs and the following variables: total width, distance from the edge, width from the feed bunk to the tramp, and the presence of a manure crust on the walls. Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to examine the correlation between LDs and various factors at the farm and pen levels. The findings indicated that the distance from the feed bunk to the trough, the presence of manure crusts on the walls, and the breeding time were associated with LDs in G100, as well as in three of the twelve pens (302, 306, and 308) within G100. The findings suggest that the prevalence of LDs is associated with an increase in the width of the feed bunk and the width of the manure crust on the walls, particularly in pregnant cows. The results permit the conclusion that LTDA and LDs are associated with the measurements of the feed bunks, the absence of manure cleaning of the feed bunks, and gestation. This association gives rise to significant health issues for Holstein cows on these farms, with more than one in four cows affected. To reduce the prevalence of LTDA in lactating dairy cows, it is recommended that the standard measurements for feed bunk design be adhered to. This will reduce the prevalence of LTDA and LDs, promote the cleaning protocols to avoid the accumulation of manure crusts, and facilitate close monitoring of pregnant cows, thereby alleviating the impacts of these foot pathologies on animal welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We strengthen a result of Bagaria and Magidor (Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 366 (2014), no. 4, 1857–1877)  about the relationship between large cardinals and torsion classes of abelian groups, and prove that (1)the Maximum Deconstructibility principle introduced in Cox (J. Pure Appl. Algebra 226 (2022), no. 5) requires large cardinals; it sits, implication‐wise, between Vopěnka's Principle and the existence of an ω1$\omega _1$‐strongly compact cardinal. (2)While deconstructibility of a class of modules always implies the precovering property by Saorín and Šťovíček (Adv. Math. 228 (2011), no. 2, 968–1007), the concepts are (consistently) nonequivalent, even for classes of abelian groups closed under extensions, homomorphic images, and colimits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study strong Kähler with torsion (SKT) and generalized Kähler structures on solvable Lie algebras with (not necessarily abelian) codimension 2 nilradical. We treat separately the case of J$J$‐invariant nilradical and non‐J$J$‐invariant nilradical. A classification of such SKT Lie algebras in dimension 6 is provided. In particular, we give a general construction to extend SKT nilpotent Lie algebras to SKT solvable Lie algebras of higher dimension, and we construct new examples of SKT and generalized Kähler compact solvmanifolds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Translation abstract Application areas of calculation models for the torsional load‐bearing capacity of segment joints – Wind turbines with annular cross‐sectionWind turbines play a decisive role in the reorientation of our energy supply. The torsional load‐bearing behaviour of the towers must be analysed in detail and suitable calculation models developed and established to ensure the safe and resource‐saving construction of these plants. In recent years, two important models have been developed to determine the torsional resistance of the horizontal segment joints of wind towers. However, it has not yet been possible to specify their areas of application. Using new test data and analyses, it has now been possible to determine the mechanical validity limits of the models. With the parameter space presented in this paper, the areas of application of the most important calculation models for the torsional load‐bearing capacity of dry joints with annular cross‐sections can be defined and thus an assignment can also be made for wind turbine towers commonly used in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research work studies a problem associated with an axisymmetric torsion of an orthotropic layer by a circular rigid disc at the midplane. The orthotropic layer is sandwiched by two identical orthotropic half-spaces with two interfaced cracks. The layer and half-spaces are dissimilar in nature. The mixed boundary value problem is reduced to a system of dual integral equations by Hankel transformation, which are converted to Fredholm integral equations of the second kind. The integral equations are solved numerically by the quadrature rule. The stress intensity factors for crack and disc have been derived and are presented graphically for different thicknesses of orthotropic layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Controversy exists regarding the origin of femoral torsion, and specific treatment rules regarding the optimal position of femoral osteotomy in patients with recurrent patellar subluxation and excessive femoral torsion are scarce. Purpose: To establish a novel classification system for such patients, and to compare clinical and radiological outcomes after distal derotational femoral osteotomy (DDFO) between femoral torsion at proximal (neck and shaft) and distal levels. Methods: Between January 2014 and June 2019, patients who underwent DDFO were retrospectively reviewed. The segmental torsion analysis was performed to establish a novel classification system, and classify included patients into two groups: 35 patients in proximal torsion group and 38 patients in distal torsion group. These patients were followed-up for at least 3 years. Clinical evaluations included functional outcomes, physical examinations, quality of life, activity level, satisfaction, and complications. Radiological outcomes included patellofemoral osteoarthritis, congruence, and alignment. Results: Type I was defined as the proximal torsion. Type II was defined as the distal torsion. Proximal torsion group had lower postoperative femoral torsion (12.6 ± 2.6° vs. 14.8 ± 3.6°; P =.004) and higher surgical correction angle (21.6 ± 5.0° vs. 19.1 ± 3.0°; P =.009). All clinical and radiological outcomes improved significantly in both groups, but proximal torsion group had significantly higher quality of life (EQ-5D-5L: 0.96 ± 0.06 vs. 0.91 ± 0.07; P =.003. EQ-VAS: 92.0 ± 6.0 vs. 88.7 ± 5.8; P =.021) and Tegner activity score (5.2 ± 1.5 vs. 4.5 ± 1.4; P =.040), and fewer patellofemoral osteoarthritis (8.6% vs. 26.3%; P =.048). Two patients in the distal torsion group had subjective patellar instability. The percentage of patients with anterior knee pain was higher in the distal torsion group. Conclusion: A novel classification system for patients with recurrent patellar subluxation and excessive femoral torsion based on segmental femoral torsion analysis was established. DDFO was more appropriate for patients with proximal torsion, yielding higher surgical correction angle, and better clinical and radiological outcomes. Study design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To present our technique of diagnostic CT-guided ischiofemoral space injection and report on pain response, complications, and associated imaging findings in young patients with ischiofemoral impingement (IFI). Methods: Retrospective case series of patients with a clinical diagnosis of IFI that underwent CT-guided IFS injection with local anesthetic in a prone position with the feet in maximum internal rotation between 06/2019 and 04/2021. The response was evaluated using maximum subjective pain evaluation on a 0–10 visual analog scale (VAS) during a standardized pre- and postinterventional clinical examination. Patient charts and radiographic imaging data were reviewed to report associated imaging findings and subsequent surgeries. Results: Eleven patients (13 hips, 9 females) with a median age of 31 years (interquartile range; IQR: 25–37 years) were included. Median baseline VAS was 7 points (IQR: 5–8) with a pain reduction of 5 points (IQR: 5–7 points, p = 0.001) after the injection. One patient reported transient ischial nerve paresthesia, otherwise, no complications occurred. Quadratus femoris muscle edema was present in 85% (11 of 13 hips). Excessively high femoral torsion (11/13 hips, 85%) and cam deformities (8/13 hips, 62%) were the most common osseous deformities. Eight of 13 hips (62%) underwent subsequent surgery for IFI. Conclusion: CT-guided diagnostic injection of the ischiofemoral space is safe and feasible. In young IFI patients, diagnostic IFS injections have the potential to improve the differential diagnosis of hip pain and to inform decision-making with regard to a possible benefit of joint-preserving hip surgery. Critical relevance statement: In young patients with hip pain, diagnosis of IFI can be challenging due to concomitant pathologies. Furthermore, surgical treatment in these patients is controversial. In this context, CT-guided diagnostic infiltrations of the ischiofemoral space may facilitate not only the initial diagnosis of IFI, but could also improve surgical decision-making. Key Points: CT-guided diagnostic injection of local anesthetic in the ischiofemoral space is safe. In young patients with IFI, it leads to subjective pain reduction. In young patients with concomitant osseous deformities, it may improve surgical decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]