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Currently, in the domestic practice of retreading tires using vulcanization tanks, some tanks exhibit uneven temperature distributions leading to low retreading success rates. To address that, this paper simulated the temperature and velocity fields during the heating process of vulcanization tanks for waste tire retreading. The results indicated that a higher heating power reduces the time required for the vulcanizing agent to reach the vulcanization condition, but it also increases the difference in tire temperature in the tank, with a severely uneven distribution of the temperature field. Subsequently, to improve the uniformity of temperature distribution and enhance the retreading rate of waste tires, this paper proposed two types of orifice plates to adjust the airflow organization. The results show that both the plain orifice plate and the frustum cone orifice plate can enhance the uniformity of the temperature field within the vulcanization tank and reduce the temperature difference between tires. Moreover, at the same heating power, the presence of the orifice plates increases the rate of temperature increase in the tires and the vulcanizing agent compared to the original vulcanization tank, improving the thermal efficiency of the vulcanization tank heater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recovery strategies for end-of-life (EoL) and end-of-use (EoU) products, such as reuse, remanufacturing, and recycling, present opportunities to enhance profitability and lower emissions while fostering new business prospects. However, significant uncertainties and stochasticity affect the quantity and quality of returned waste tires, costs associated with used tires and the retreading process, and the selling prices driven by second-hand market dynamics. This paper investigates the economic and environmental performance of a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) for waste tire retreading and recycling considering the impact of these uncertainties using a Monte Carlo simulation-based methodology. The proposed methodology is implemented on an industrial case study in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) for quantifying the impact of uncertainties involved in the CLSC for tire retreading and recycling large tires of the 12R24 type, which are extensively used by buses and trucks in the UAE. The findings reveal that for an average of 13,200 tires reaching their EoL, the processes of retreading and recycling yield an average profit of $ 487 K. Furthermore, these initiatives are expected to result in the reduction of an average of 1457 tons of CO2 emissions. A scenario analysis is conducted to evaluate the impact of improvements in key operational parameters on the CLSC performance. Consequently, all stakeholders engaged in tire retreading would benefit by reducing costs, generating higher profits, and reducing emissions while creating new business opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In the commercial freight industry, tire retreading decisions are often conservative due to limited knowledge of a tire's remaining service life. This practice leads to increased costs and material waste. This paper proposes a machine learning-based approach for estimating tire casing life and retreadability, focusing on usage data rather than wear information. This approach could extend the tire's lifespan and reduce landfill waste. Data integration from diverse tire casing measurement sources presents challenges, including imbalanced removal data. Our methodology addresses these challenges by using historical inspection, telematics, and finite element modeling (FEM) datasets. We introduce "Tire Casing Energy" as a comprehensive usage input and apply a Variance-Reduction Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (VR-SMOTE) for data imbalance rectification. A random forest model is used to estimate the state of the tire casing and the casing removal probability, with Bayesian optimization applied for hyperparameter tuning, enhancing model accuracy. The proposed prediction framework is able to differentiate different truck fleets and tire locations based on their usage parameters. With the aid of this machine learning model, the importance and sensitivity of different tire usage parameters can be obtained, which is beneficial to maximize tire life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Rubber Industry is the property of Editorial Office of China Rubber Industry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: To understand the role of the unorganized sector in the push toward a circular economy (CE), the authors consider the case of the unorganized tire retreading industry in India and examine the barriers it faces in contributing to a circular tire supply chain in India. Design/methodology/approach: The authors used grounded theory methodology (GTM) to understand the barriers to realizing the CE in the Indian unorganized tire retreading industry. This methodology facilitates the acquisition of new insights into an existing phenomenon or in studying emerging areas that require investigation. Findings: Through the analysis, the authors tease out ten critical barriers that impede the Indian unorganized tire retreading industry. The two most vital barriers are the lack of effective promotional methods and the poor implementation of standards. Research limitations/implications: This study emphasizes the importance of further investigating the potential role of the unorganized sector in fostering the transition to a CE in emerging economies. Practical implications: The research provides useful policy prescriptions to regulators and insights to original tire manufacturers (OTMs) that enable the unorganized tire retreaders in India to contribute to the movement toward a circular supply chain (CSC). Originality/value: This study is the first to systematically examine the unorganized sector to understand the barriers to CE. This study provides an original theoretical contribution by expanding the scope of stakeholder and institutional theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As to the issue that the quality and market application of waste tires derived pyrolytic carbon derived from waste tires directly affect the economy of the pyrolysis process, the pyrolysis techndogy, main influencing factors and recycle utilization of pyrolytic carbon were reviewed. It was found that the pyrolysis of waste was a complex process, which was mainly affected by pyrolysis temperature, heating rate, operating pressure and rection time. The rate of carbon content of pyrolytic carbon of more than 80%. It has been widely used in the preparation of active carbon, the rubber reinforcing agent, the asphalt modifier, the battery and ink materials, etc. In the future, the pyrolysis system of waste tires should be further optimized, and the pyrolysis mechanism and kinetics process should be further studied to realize the precise control of the pyrolysis. Meanwhile, the integrated technology integratingwaste tires pretreatment, pyrolysis and pyrolytic carbon deep processing should be developed to further improve the quality of pyrolytic carbon and broaden its applications, finally realizing the efficient utilization of pyrolytic carbon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tire industry has employed effective CO2 reduction measures in the form of retread tires, which replace only those components that are exposed to the road's surface. Due to safety concerns, lack of manufacturing technology, high cost, and other issues, retread tires in passenger cars are currently unavailable in Japan. This study aims to analyze the production cost and environmental impacts of retread tires in passenger cars in Japan. This study considered investments in and economies of scale of retread tires, which have lower profit margins than new tires after safety and manufacturing technology issues have been resolved; this is done when the carbon tax is equal to that in the EU. This reserach further examined the proportion of retread tires and new tires that are produced. The primary goal of this study is to determine which ratio of retread vs. new tire production is feasible for an optimal business portfolio. If a carbon tax equivalent to that in the EU was introduced in Japan and each company offered retread tires for passenger cars, this setup would not be profitable and overall costs would need to be lowered. To achieve this cost-effectiveness, it is necessary to extend the life of the equipment and to lower the initial investment. Furthermore, by calculating the costs involved using realistic production expenses, a more realistic cost for the introduction of retread tires for passenger cars can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The emissions of pollutant gases into the atmosphere from steam generation systems are determined by the type and composition of the fuel. High sulfur fuel oil is responsible for sulfur dioxide emissions. It is necessary to know the impact on air quality of this pollutant from a stationary source, such as a recapping industry, in the sanitary hygienic radius. Objective: To quantify the sulfur dioxide generated in a tire recapping plant by means of emission and immission measurements in the hygienic-sanitary area of the same. Materials and Methods: A methodology was developed that includes the inventory of SO2 emissions as a function of fuel consumption for steam generation, dispersion modeling and immission assessment by low-cost sensor monitoring. Results and Discussion: The results evidence that SO2 in ambient air determined by emission modeling and monitored with low-cost sensors are similar and do not exceed the established limit value. Conclusions: The results of SO2 concentration evaluated with emission and immission measurements, show that it is the recapping industry the main source contributing to the air quality by the effect of this pollutant and in this study it is acceptable. In addition, the similarity of the immission values and the emission modeling justify the feasibility of using low-cost sensors to measure air quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, there are tire retreading companies whose evaluations are not wholly accurate; due to various factors, sometimes customers are forced to agree to what is decided, and this means that the customer can sometimes pay for services that do not necessarily guarantee the correct operation of the tire or, failing that, shorten its life. This work aims to develop a tire diagnostic system that allows for evaluating a tire's faults and can thus be more precise when determining if it needs retreading or a change process. The diagnostic system is focused on demonstrating that fuzzy logic can be applied in diagnosing the condition of tires. The methodology consisted of determining the variables to be considered in the evaluation of tires, such as blowing out, flange breakage, band failure, and patching, then applying fuzzy logic. Subsequently, the execution tests of the built diagnostic software were carried out for its validation in a case study of a tire retreading company. The result was a margin of error of 1.6% accuracy versus 5.6% from the operator experience. The conclusion was that fuzzy logic could be applied correctly in the field of tire retreading, providing substantial savings in time and resources for related companies, as well as giving customers confidence since, by using more accurate results, the diagnostic system will make the tire evaluation efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzed the behavior of mixed mortars incorporated with rubber from the tire retreading process, based on partial sand substitution. The content of rubber incorporation in the mortars was 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by volume. The different granulometries of rubber were denominated as thick (passed through a sieve # 1.19 mm) and fine (passed through a sieve # 0.60 mm). Tests were performed to evaluate water retention, capillary absorption, drying, immersion absorption, water vapor permeability, and permeability to water under pressure. The results showed that the fine rubber was distinguished by its higher retention of water at the contents of 15% and 20%, lower absorption via both capillary and immersion, higher drying capacity, higher permeability to water vapor, and lower permeability to water under pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]