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Sound symbolism is a non-arbitrary mapping between phonetic properties and meanings. The existence and nature of sound symbolism have long been the subject of empirical research. It is rarely recognized, however, that participants' intrinsic characteristics (e.g., age, gender, language knowledge), in addition to the commonly studied phonetic features, may also influence size ratings. Our study aims to empirically investigate the impact of participant-specific characteristics on size ratings: It also aims to examine whether these characteristics have a direct impact when considering the impact of phonetic features or they rather modify the effects of phonetic features. The current research reports a novel analysis of a previously published dataset with new research questions and previously unused (participant-specific) data. We show that (a) the participants' characteristics did not affect overall size ratings; however, (b) in some cases, they modify (intensify or weaken but do not reverse) the effect of phonetic features on size ratings. Our results emphasize a more comprehensive treatment of sound symbolism, one that considers not only phonetic but also non-phonetic factors in sound symbolism research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interpersonal trauma is a pervasive issue with devastating consequences for women and girls of diverse identities. Research has shown that there are many potential physiological consequences for experiencing trauma, and as such, treatment for trauma should incorporate the body. Dance/Movement Therapy (DMT) has been emerging in the current literature as one body-oriented treatment approach effective in helping women and girls heal from interpersonal trauma. This review uses textual narrative evidence synthesis to examine how practitioners are currently using DMT for this population, what treatment outcomes have been observed, and what the racial/ethnic identities and international contexts are for survivors who have benefited from DMT. Inclusion criteria for the present review included peer-reviewed studies published in English between the years 2000 to 2022, reporting data on the use of dance or movement to help women and/or adolescent girls aged 12 and older heal from interpersonal trauma. Studies were identified through electronic databases, and 16 total studies met criteria. This review found that the characteristics and structure of DMT vary greatly between different practitioners, the participants of DMT are very diverse, and there are many commonly observed outcomes such as increased physical ability, increased emotional capacity, mind-body integration, safety, aid with trauma processing, empowerment, social support, and fun. This review also gives recommendations for practitioners who wish to utilize dance and movement in treatment: offer group interventions; use the body to create metaphor, imagery, and symbolism; give survivors choices in how they participate; use music purposefully; and don't forget to cultivate joy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID‐19 pandemic has profoundly altered global social dynamics through extensive containment measures. Understanding how individuals perceive the virus, distinguishing between realistic and symbolic threats, and considering the influence of personality traits is essential for effective public health messaging and interventions. This study explores the linkage between personality traits and perceived COVID‐19 threats, mediated by conspiracy mentality, across diverse international contexts. Online survey data were collected in June 2021 from 13,645 participants across seven European countries, the US, and Colombia. The study explores how individuals with different Dark Triad traits perceive the threat of COVID‐19, and whether conspiracy mentality mediates these perceptions. The findings reveal distinct associations. Machiavellianism and narcissism were linked to lower perceived COVID‐19 threat, while psychopathy was associated with greater perceived threat. Additionally, individuals with higher conspiracy mentality endorsed greater perceived threat related to COVID‐19. This study highlights the influence of Dark Triad personality traits on how individuals perceive the threats posed by COVID‐19, with conspiracy mentality mediating this relationship. Understanding these associations provides valuable insights into psychological factors affecting COVID‐19 perception, informing future research and public health strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 1993, when the Gold Foundation held its first White Coat Ceremony (WCC) to highlight humanism in medicine, many health professions have launched these ceremonies. In 2021, the University of Colorado College of Nursing hosted its first WCC. Postevent, a seven-question survey was sent to all faculty, staff, and student participants. The analytic question driving this program evaluation was as follows: “What is the significance of the White Coat Ceremony to APRN students?” Quantitative data from survey items were overwhelmingly positive; qualitative analysis of open-ended survey text reinforced the central WCC concept of Being/Becoming an APRN and elicited four themes: recognition, transition, symbolism, and connection. A detailed analysis of these themes is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The child welfare system is characterized by fixed power structures, coercion and hierarchies that privilege the perspectives of a select few. These oppressive aspects of the system quelch youth voice and others' voices, especially those with lived experience, frequently omitting them from case‐ and system‐level decisions. Acknowledging the empowering potential of creative and arts‐based research, this study used poetic inquiry with youth in or formerly in foster care, parent partners and professionals working in child welfare, inviting them to reimagine how the system could support youth in foster care towards thriving. Through seven poetry focus groups, 41 participants wrote individual and relational poems. Analyses focused on how symbols were used and their suggestions for revisioning child welfare. Seven themes identified the types of symbols used in poems: 1) Nature/Natural Phenomena, 2) Human Body/Senses, 3) Actions, 4) Physical Objects, 5) Paperwork, Cases, Bureaucracy, 6) Connectedness/Family and 7) Strong Emotions. Beyond demonstrating a novel arts‐based method, findings offer a new, creative space for understanding the foster care system. Symbols were powerful and cut across life experiences and identities. A key implication pointed to using symbolic language to aid the work of revisioning child welfare towards humanistic and embodied approaches, social justice and well‐being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the representations of the disabled body by unpicking the messages transferred through the artistic illustrations of disability found in 250 postage stamps. The theoretical framework employed derives from cultural, critical and feminist disability studies, while the tripartite model of disability served as a critical framework to the analysis of the representations of the disabled body. The first-level coding led in the classification of postage stamps into eight categories according to the impairment. The second-level coding involved visual semiotic analysis for an in-depth cross-categorical analysis with emphasis on the representation of the disabled body on a number of selected stamps and is presented in two main sections: (i) the disabled body as the impaired body and (ii) the disabled body among other bodies. Such research is useful for disability studies and its interdisciplinary directions that seek to challenge dominant oppressive representations and rhetoric around the disabled body. This article looks into at the representations of the disabled body in postage stamps. Postage stamps were grouped into eight categories according to the impairment and then visual semiotic analysis was employed with emphasis on the representation of the disabled body. The impaired body seems to coincide with the disabled body which is represented as a body that matters, as the opposite of the non-impaired body, and as disembodied body parts or as figure silhouette images. When the disabled body is among other bodies, it is represented as dependent on the non-disabled body, as an element calling for inclusion and as part of a group of other disabled bodies. The findings suggest that interpreting the images in the stamps requires the consideration of more than one aspects related to disability. Such research is useful as it explains and challenges the dominant oppressive representations and rhetoric around the disabled body on postage stamps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A longitudinal study was conducted to identify unique sources of individual differences in later understanding of the equal sign as a relational symbol of equivalence (i.e., formal understanding of mathematical equivalence). The sample included 141 children from a mid-sized city in the Midwestern United States (Mage = 6 years, 2 months in kindergarten; 88 boys, 53 girls; 71% white, 8% Hispanic or Latine, 7% Black, 3% Asian, 11% multiracial or other race/ethnicity; 42% qualified for free/reduced lunch). Children were assessed on three categories of skills in kindergarten including number knowledge, relational thinking, and executive functioning. These skills were hypothesized to provide a foundation for a formal understanding of mathematical equivalence (assessed in second grade) by preventing a specific, narrow misunderstanding of the equal sign that hinders learning. Results showed that kindergarten relational thinking, particularly tasks assessing nonsymbolic equivalence understanding, uniquely and positively predicted formal understanding of mathematical equivalence and negatively predicted the specific misunderstanding of the equal sign in second grade, controlling for IQ, gender, and free/reduced lunch status. Exploratory analyses unpacking the categories of skills into individual tasks also indicated specific areas of kindergarten instructional focus that may help children construct understanding of mathematical equivalence in future years. Public Significance Statement: Understanding the equal sign as a relational symbol of equivalence is a foundational pre-algebra concept. We found that children who had higher relational thinking skills in kindergarten had a better understanding of the equal sign by second grade than their peers with lower relational thinking skills in kindergarten. Our findings identify early relational thinking as a potential topic of interest for future research on kindergarten instruction aimed at improving later pre-algebraic learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Arts-based research (ABR) refers to the use of art in the research process to help generate, interpret and/or communicate knowledge. We used ABR principles to adapt a centre-staging method to complement a more traditional qualitative approach to evaluate participants' views on dental service reform. Methods: We asked five individuals in the dental health sector in the National Health Service in Wales to select objects to depict their views on the current reform process and their ideal reform process. This process took place alongside traditional semi-structured interviews with the participants. Results: There were three marked differences in the centre-staging process as compared to the interviews: (1) there was a greater use of symbolism by the participants, (2) the participants put a greater focus on the process of change and (3) the participants were more likely to reveal the emotions underlying their assessments of the reform process. Conclusions: The arts-based approach adopted appeared to be highly accessible and has the potential to be used in a wide range of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid uptake of telehealth technologies has shifted clinician–patient relationships, a well-studied topic of sociological inquiry. The purpose of this dimensional analysis study was to understand the symbolic interaction of clinicians and patients within virtual supportive cancer care. Seventeen clinicians, eighteen patients, and three care partners receiving or providing care at a multi-site cancer center in the United States participated in interviews. Our analysis of supportive cancer care experiences reveals a key tension: clinicians need to rely on patients in order to share clinical tasks in a virtual care setting but can be reluctant to do so. We posit that dimming the light on cancer is a process that enables clinicians to overcome their reluctance to engage in clinician–patient task sharing by strengthening the relationship. Taken together, these findings reconceptualize the symbolic interaction of the clinician–patient relationship and highlight opportunities to actualize models of relationship-centered virtual care. We discuss implications for clinical practice, ethical relational care, and the literature on clinician–patient relationships and trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sound symbols, such as "woof woof" for a dog's barking, imitate the physical properties of their referents. Turkish is a sound symbolically rich language that allows flexible use of such words in different linguistic forms. The current study examined Turkish‐speaking parents' use of sound symbolic words to their 14‐ and 20‐month‐olds and the concurrent and longitudinal relations between parents' sound symbolic input and infants' vocabulary knowledge. Thirty‐four (n = 34) infants were observed at Time‐1 (Mage = 14.23 months, SD = 1.11) and Time‐2 (Mage = 20.30 months, SD = 1.24) during free play sessions with their parents to examine parental input. Infants' vocabulary knowledge was assessed by a parental report. Both the quantity and quality of parental sound symbolic input changed between 14 and 20 months of age. Furthermore, infants' earlier vocabulary knowledge at 14 months negatively predicted parents' later sound symbolic input at 20 months. Last, parents' sound symbolic input was positively and concurrently associated with 14‐month‐olds' vocabulary knowledge but was negatively and concurrently associated with 20‐month‐olds' vocabulary levels. These findings suggest an early interaction between infants' exposure to sound symbolic input and their vocabulary development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During his distinguished career, Bill Hockley contributed to memory research in many ways, with work characterized by rigorous and innovative experimental designs. One of the areas he has explored is that of memory for associative information. We echo this interest here and attempt to emulate his careful experimental attitude. We report four experiments which examined how previously established links can support the development of new episodic associations. More specifically, we tested the idea that soundsymbolism links can support learning of new associations. Sound-symbolism links are relationships between phonemes and object characteristics that participants find natural--even if they have never encountered the items before. For instance, the nonword "honulo" is more readily seen to refer to a shape with curved contours than to a shape that has sharp angles. In Experiment 1, 70 participants studied three pairs and their memory for the associations between the members of each pair was tested in a pairedrecognition task. Results demonstrate that sound-symbolism associations support the learning of new associations. Experiment 2 confirmed that the effect is replicated in a between-participants design. In Experiment 3, we replicated the findings with a 30-s filled interval between presentation and test, and in Experiment 4, we extended the delay to 2 min, establishing that the pattern is also found with a paradigm more typical of episodic memory. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of associative memory, while referring to some of the ideas Bill Hockley championed in his own work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit early delays and deficits in play. In infancy, they engage in unusual exploratory behaviors with toys. As toddlers, they are slow to develop functional play, and in preschool some children with ASD fail to develop symbolic play despite having the necessary cognitive and language skills. Furthermore, when children with ASD are engaged in play, they demonstrate less playfulness. This article reviews the literature on the characteristics of exploratory, functional, and symbolic/pretend play in children with ASD and possible reasons for their unusual patterns of play development. Increased quantity and quality of play are frequent therapeutic goals for children with ASD. If play interventions are to be successful, it is critical that speech-language pathologists have an adequate assessment of children's play skills. Several frameworks and tools appropriate for assessing play in typical children and children with ASD are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses work of art in Perfumes. Topic discussed includes New regulations about admissible perfume ingredients that have been issued at several stages by the European Commission and these regulations restrict the concentration of a number of ingredients amply used in the perfume industry, on the grounds that might result in skin irritation in some individuals.

The article discusses Polyanthes tuberosa L., native to central America belongs to Agavaceae family which is a tropical perennial that emerges from a tuberous root in the spring. Topic discussed includes variety of double-flowered that is used as a cut flower, but also mentioned about the single-flowered type which has a stronger scent.

Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the forms and causes of symbolic violence applied to the patients by nurses. The social context of the reasons for not providing patient safety were investigated. Methods: The data obtained from photographs and written presses which was done by content analysis method. Results: Sub-themes are "violation of privacy and autonomy", "violation of the principle of respect for life", "ignoring the patient safety", "violation of the principle of primum non nocere", "not displaying to emotional labour due to depersonalization", "being unable to gain professional habitus", "symbolic interaction", "official and social media sanctions". Conclusion: The forms and causes of symbolic violence that is applied to the patients by the nurses have been determined. In nursing the most important cause of symbolic violence is nurses could not obtain a professional habitus. Interventions aimed at counteracting symbolic violence are the key to improving job satisfaction in nurses and the quality of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid spread of COVID‐19 brought about an increased use of face masks among the general public. Focusing on disposable surgical masks in particular, this article examines consumer perceptions of and intentions toward social media influencers who wear such masks amid the pandemic. Drawing on the theory of product symbolism, this research experimentally demonstrates that masked (vs. unmasked) influencers remind consumers of highly competent healthcare professionals, leading in turn to greater competence inferences about and more favorable behavioral intentions toward these influencers. Additional analysis demonstrates that this effect might not hold for other groups of professionals who are considered relatively competent at the outset and/or whose profession is less reliant on external cues. Overall, this research suggests that apart from curtailing the spread of the pandemic, mask wearing might prove beneficial to certain groups of professionals, such as social media influencers, who have traditionally struggled to establish credibility. In a broader context, this research establishes mask wearing as a new form of nonverbal communication that warrants further examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Words influence cognition well before infants know their meanings. For example, three-month-olds are more likely to form visually based categories when exemplars are paired with spoken words than with sine-wave tones, a likely precursor to learning symbolic relations between words and their referents. However, it is unclear why words have these effects. In 3 experiments we tested the hypothesis that exaggerated "showing" gestures used when naming objects, and the resultant cross-modal synchrony between a name and object motion. can affect object categorization. Participants were 119 3-month-old infants (56 were female and 63 were male). According to caregiver report, the sample was composed of European American (N = 114) Black (N = 6), Hispanic (N = 2) and multiracial (N = 6) infants. Participants were growing up predominantly in homes with at least I parent who completed a college education or a higher degree (80%), and the remaining 20% completed high school. After replicating evidence that words and tones have different effects on categorization, we found that prefamiliarizing infants with tone-object synchrony leads tones to influence categorization as words do. Moreover, we found that concentrated experience with word-object synchrony enhances the effects that words themselves have on categorization. Thus, temporal structure within caregivers' communicative behaviors may lead words to facilitate categorization, and ultimately to aid in forming symbolic representations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many children with autism spectrum disorder do not have symbolic play skills. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a training procedure on the acquisition, maintenance, and generalization of object-substitution symbolic play in children with autism spectrum disorder. A single-case experimental design (multiple-probe across four behaviors) was used. One girl (5 years) and two boys (4–5 years) participated in this study. The training procedure involved withdrawing necessary items in play activities, supplying multiple substitutes, and providing hierarchical assistive prompts. Each child's symbolic play responses across baseline, intervention, and follow-up conditions were recorded and graphed. Data analysis involved visual inspection of graphs. The results indicated that the procedure effectively increased and maintained object-substitution symbolic play. Generalization to untaught play activities occurred in all children, and symbolic play increased in the free play setting for one child. Arranging play activities with missing items increased opportunities for children to engage in symbolic play. The training procedure can be used in clinical and educational settings as an initial step to establish and improve complex play behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder who lack such skills. Many children with autism spectrum disorder have inappropriate play behaviors and do not demonstrate symbolic play. Arranging play activities with missing items and systematic assistive prompts effectively increased object-substitution symbolic play. Generalization of symbolic play to untrained play activities occurred after the intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Food practices are influenced by cultural traditions which continue to be important among immigrant groups in their new homeland, especially during significant life events, such as marriage, pregnancy and funerals, as well as for religious ceremonies and festivities. Aim: This study aims to explore pregnancy related food practices among first generation Pakistani women living in the UK. Methods: A total of 10 first-generation immigrant women were recruited through a voluntary organisation following a convenience sampling technique and were interviewed. Findings: The data revealed that the women attached different symbolic meanings to their food practices, particularly relating to pregnancy. These findings were based on 1) their understanding of the changes their body experienced during pregnancy and 2) responding to these changes through the consumption and/or avoidance of certain foods. Conclusion: Understanding the cultural contexts of Pakistani women in the UK is important in order to promote healthy food patterns for that cohort during pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A picture-naming task and ERPs were used to investigate effects of iconicity and visual alignment between signs and pictures in American Sign Language (ASL). For iconic signs, half the pictures visually overlapped with phonological features of the sign (e.g. the fingers of CAT align with a picture of a cat with prominent whiskers), while half did not (whiskers are not shown). Iconic signs were produced numerically faster than non-iconic signs and were associated with larger N400 amplitudes, akin to concreteness effects. Pictures aligned with iconic signs were named faster than non-aligned pictures, and there was a reduction in N400 amplitude. No behavioural effects were observed for the control group (English speakers). We conclude that sensory-motoric semantic features are represented more robustly for iconic than non-iconic signs (eliciting a concreteness-like N400 effect) and visual overlap between pictures and the phonological form of iconic signs facilitates lexical retrieval (eliciting a reduced N400). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Matica Srpska Journal for Fine Arts / Zbornik Matice Srpske za Likovne Umetnosti is the property of Matica Srpska, Department of Visual Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Avances en Enfermería is the property of Editorial Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We know very little about how ethical climates are built and the potential role of a firm's HR system in facilitating the development of this resource. The resource-based view ( RBV) of the firm suggests that human resource systems directly influence a firm's performance through the development of resources that are deeply woven in a firm's history and culture. How this occurs though has not been thoroughly considered in the research literature. Drawing on the theoretical insights from the resource-based view of the firm, this article explores how HR systems can foster the development and maintenance of five types of ethical climates. In so doing, this article improves our conceptual understanding of why ethical climates may be seen as having strategic value for firms and how HR systems may influence that value. In addition, it contributes to theory by extending the domain of the resource-based view of the firm by exploring its integration with the varied types of ethical climates. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of conventional continuous gesture recognition algorithms is mainly affected by factors such as incomplete keyframe detection, input of unconscious gestures, or variations in duration and movement range. The hypothesis is made that the irregularly sampled data of continuous gestures can be approximated with a particular type of dynamic system, and the characterization of these nonlinear dynamics will help with the trajectory partition and establishment of feature vectors. Finally, the proposed algorithm is evaluated with a database of alphabetic gestures, and the experiment results indicate that our framework has a high recognition rate of around 93.6% while maintaining its performance in the segmentation of continuous gestures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Each year, people in the United States donate more than $200 billion to charitable causes. Despite the lack of understanding of whether and how recognition increases charitable behavior, charities often offer it to motivate donor action. This research focuses on how the effectiveness of recognition on charitable behavior is dependent on the joint influence of two distinct dimensions of moral identity: internalization and symbolization. Three studies examining both monetary donations and volunteering behavior show that recognition increases charitable behavior among those characterized by high moral identity symbolization and low moral identity internalization. Notably, those who show high levels of moral identity internalization are uninfluenced by recognition, regardless of their symbolization. By understanding correlates of the two dimensions of moral identity among donors, nonprofits can strategically recognize potential donors to maximize donation and volunteering behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding figurative language develops during middle childhood. Drawing can facilitate recall and may aid other aspects of linguistic expression. We examined whether children provide more symbolic interpretations of figurative statements in drawings relative to verbal explanations, and whether drawing facilitates overall symbolic interpretation. Ninety‐six children were split into three age groups (5–6, 7–8, and 9–10 years) in a between‐subjects design. In the 'draw‐first' condition, they were asked to depict then explain figurative statements (e.g., raining like cats and dogs), and in the 'explain‐first' condition, children were asked to explain before drawing. We coded for symbolic or literal content. Overall, children provided more symbolic responses for verbal explanations compared to drawings, with a developmental increase. More symbolic responses occurred in the 'draw‐first' condition compared to other task by condition combinations, suggesting drawing can facilitate subsequent symbolic verbal explanation. We discuss the links between drawings, figurative language, and development. Statement of contributionWhat is already known on this subject?Understanding figurative language such as metaphor develops during childhood.Drawing has been shown to aid recall and may aid other aspects of linguistic expression.What the present study adds?Drawing figurative expressions facilitates subsequent symbolic verbal explanations.Children provide more symbolic interpretations in verbal explanations compared to drawings.There is a developmental progression in these abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluated the effects of an intraverbal training procedure on the acquisition, maintenance, and generalization of object‐substitution symbolic play in three 6‐year‐old Korean boys with autism spectrum disorder. A multiple probe across four behaviors design was used. All children acquired target symbolic play behavior, and novel responses emerged in training and follow‐up conditions. Generalization of object substitutions to untaught objects occurred in all three children. Free play observations indicated that symbolic play emerged in one child, and functional play increased in all three children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]