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Copyright of Clinical Neuroscience / Ideggyógyászati Szemle is the property of LifeTime Media Kft. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the field of vibration screening, this work integrates both straight-line and circular vibration motions to generate slanted elliptical trajectories with reduced swings, and enhance transport and separation efficiency while mitigating the risk of screen mesh clogging. Firstly, vibration synchronization theory, encompassing synchronicity and stability, is established utilizing the average method, Lyapunov theory, and Kronecker product, followed by numerical quantitative calculations related to synchronous ability, stable solutions, and astringency. Furthermore, simulations using Matlab/Simulink are conducted to analyze dynamic characteristics, and experiments on a designed experimental testing bedstand are performed to validate reliability. Additionally, an innovative method for gauging the inclinations of vibration trajectories is proposed and proved for industrial monitoring purposes. Measurements of both unstable and stable phase differences are obtained from vibration amplitude. Results indicate that unstable zones labeled I-IV and skewing angles formed by two eccentric blocks within vibrators should be avoided. The synchronization state of the system, determined solely by structural parameters, remains unaffected by the initial positions or velocities of the phase differences. This study provides theoretical reference for the design and detection of new screening apparatus or similar machinery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Numerous studies have examined the links between mental disorders such as depression and bipolar disorder, and gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. However, few studies have investigated the link between mood swings and GI diseases. Given the impact of mood swings on various conditions and the growing comprehension of the gut-brain axis, this study aims to explore their causal relationship using Mendelian randomization (MR) methods. Methods: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with mood swings were obtained from a recent study. SNPs associated with GI diseases were identified from the FinnGen project. We conducted two-sample bidirectional MR analyses using three methods, primarily the inverse variance weighting (IVW) method. Furthermore, we performed sensitivity analyses and false discovery rate (FDR) analysis to validate the accuracy and robustness of the results. Results: Bidirectional MR analysis revealed significant causal effects between mood swings and GI diseases according to the IVW method (odds ratio (OR): 1.213; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.118-1.316; P=3.490e−6; PFDR =8.730e−5). Mood swings were linked to an increased risk for 11 of 24 diseases, including five upper GI diseases (gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), acute gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcer, duodenal ulcer, and functional dyspepsia), two lower GI diseases (diverticular disease of the intestine and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)) and four hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), chronic pancreatitis, acute pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer). Inverse MR analysis showed no causal relationship between 24 GI diseases and mood swings. Conclusions: This comprehensive MR analysis suggests that genetically predicted mood swings may be a risk factor in the development of GI diseases. Interventions for mood swings may help to treat GI diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Observational data indicates a connection between emotional discomfort, such as anxiety and depression, and uterine fibroids (UFs). However, additional investigation is required to establish the causal relationship between them. Hence, we assessed the reciprocal causality between four psychological disorders and UFs utilizing two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods To evaluate the causal relationship between four types of psychological distress (depressive symptoms, severe depression, anxiety or panic attacks, mood swings) and UFs, bidirectional two-sample MR was employed, utilizing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with these conditions. Both univariate MR (UVMR) and multivariate MR (MVMR) primarily applied inverse variance weighted (IVW) as the method for estimating potential causal effects. Complementary approaches such as MR Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode were utilized to validate the findings. To assess the robustness of our MR results, we conducted sensitivity analyses using Cochran’s Q-test and the MR Egger intercept test. Results The results of our UVMR analysis suggest that genetic predispositions to depressive symptoms (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.563, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.209–2.021, P = 0.001) and major depressive disorder (MDD) (OR = 1.176, 95% CI = 1.044–1.324, P = 0.007) are associated with an increased risk of UFs. Moreover, the IVW model showed a nominally significant positive correlation between mood swings (OR: 1.578; 95% CI: 1.062–2.345; P = 0.024) and UFs risk. However, our analysis did not establish a causal relationship between UFs and the four types of psychological distress. Even after adjusting for confounders like body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol consumption, and number of live births in the MVMR, the causal link between MDD and UFs remained significant (OR = 1.217, 95% CI = 1.039–1.425, P = 0.015). Conclusions Our study presents evidence supporting the causal relationship between genetic susceptibility to MDD and the incidence of UFs. These findings highlight the significance of addressing psychological health issues, particularly depression, in both the prevention and treatment of UFs.

Background: Observational data indicates a connection between emotional discomfort, such as anxiety and depression, and uterine fibroids (UFs). However, additional investigation is required to establish the causal relationship between them. Hence, we assessed the reciprocal causality between four psychological disorders and UFs utilizing two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods: To evaluate the causal relationship between four types of psychological distress (depressive symptoms, severe depression, anxiety or panic attacks, mood swings) and UFs, bidirectional two-sample MR was employed, utilizing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with these conditions. Both univariate MR (UVMR) and multivariate MR (MVMR) primarily applied inverse variance weighted (IVW) as the method for estimating potential causal effects. Complementary approaches such as MR Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode were utilized to validate the findings. To assess the robustness of our MR results, we conducted sensitivity analyses using Cochran's Q-test and the MR Egger intercept test. Results: The results of our UVMR analysis suggest that genetic predispositions to depressive symptoms (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.563, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.209–2.021, P = 0.001) and major depressive disorder (MDD) (OR = 1.176, 95% CI = 1.044–1.324, P = 0.007) are associated with an increased risk of UFs. Moreover, the IVW model showed a nominally significant positive correlation between mood swings (OR: 1.578; 95% CI: 1.062–2.345; P = 0.024) and UFs risk. However, our analysis did not establish a causal relationship between UFs and the four types of psychological distress. Even after adjusting for confounders like body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol consumption, and number of live births in the MVMR, the causal link between MDD and UFs remained significant (OR = 1.217, 95% CI = 1.039–1.425, P = 0.015). Conclusions: Our study presents evidence supporting the causal relationship between genetic susceptibility to MDD and the incidence of UFs. These findings highlight the significance of addressing psychological health issues, particularly depression, in both the prevention and treatment of UFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mood swings is linked to a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the causal relationships between them remain unknown. We conducted this Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate the causal associations between mood swings (n = 373,733) and 5 CVDs, including CAD, MI, HF, AF, and stroke using summary data of large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS). FinnGen datasets validated the results. Various MR approaches, sensitivity analyses, multivariable MR (MVMR), and two-step MR mediation analyses were applied. The MR analysis revealed significant causal effects of mood swings on CAD (OR = 1.45, 95 % CI 1.24–1.71; P = 5.52e-6), MI (OR = 1.60, 95 % CI 1.32–1.95; P = 1.77e-6), HF (OR = 1.42, 95 % CI 1.18–1.71; P = 2.32e-4), and stroke (OR = 1.48, 95 % CI 1.19–1.83; P = 3.46e-4), excluding AF (P = 0.16). In the reverse MR analysis, no causal relationships were observed. The results were reproducible using FinnGen data. In the MVMR analysis, the causal effects of mood swings on CAD, MI, HF and stroke still remain significant after adjusting potential confounding factors including BMI, smoking and T2DM, but not for LDL and hypertension. Further mediation analysis indicated hypertension may mediate the causal pathways from mood swings to CAD (18.11 %, 95 % CI: 8.83 %–27.39 %), MI (16.40 %, 95 % CI: 7.93 %–24.87 %), HF (13.06 %, 95 % CI: 6.25 %–19.86 %), and stroke (18.04 %, 95 % CI: 8.73 %–27.34 %). Mood swings has a significant causal impact on the development of CAD, MI, HF, and stroke, partly mediated by hypertension. • Mood swings significantly contributes to CAD, MI, HF, and stroke. • Hypertension partly mediated the causal pathways from mood swings to CVDs. • These findings have been validated in both the UK biobank and Finngen datasets. • Various MR approaches were applied ensure the robustness of these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The association between benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and various mental disorders is still controversial. This study used the Mendelian randomization (MR) method to clarify the correlation between BPPV and seven mental disorders (bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, suicidality, neuroticism, and mood swings) to aid in the exploration of BPPV complications and prevention and early treatment of mental disorders. Methods: The datasets for BPPV and seven mental disorders were obtained from genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Two-sample MR was used to analyze the correlation between exposure (BPPV) and various outcomes (bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, suicidality, neuroticism, and mood swings). A reverse MR study was also performed. The inverse variance weighting (IVW) method, the MR-Egger method, the simple mode method, the weighted mode method, and the weighted median method were selected. Results: The MR analysis and the reverse MR analysis results did not reveal significant associations between BPPV and bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, suicidal tendencies, neuroticism, and mood swings. Interestingly, neuroticism (IVW: OR = 1.142, 95% CI: 1.059-1.231, P = 0.001; P-MR-PRESSO adjustment = 0.0002) and mood swings (IVW: OR = 3.119, 95% CI: 1.652-5.884, P = 0.0004) may have a significant association with BPPV. After MR-PRESSO adjustment, there was no horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity, and a significant association between neuroticism, mood swings, and BPPV has still been suggested. Conclusion: We conducted MR analysis on genetic data from European populations and discovered a causal relationship between BPPV and the seven mental disorders. Our research findings suggest that BPPV may not have a significant causal relationship with bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, or suicidal tendencies. However, neuroticism and mood swings may be risk factors for BPPV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, an original Si/SiGe heterojunction tunneling field‐effect transistor which has a double‐stacked heterogeneous oxide gate (HfO2/Al2O3) structure (DSG–HJ–TFET) is designed and investigated by Sentaurus technology computer aided design (TCAD) simulation software. To ensure good interface quality, a stacked oxide gate dielectric of Al2O3 and HfO2 is proposed. The on‐state current (Ion) is increased though improving the carrier mobility degradation caused by the poor quality of interface between the high‐κ dielectric and semiconductor. Moreover, a heterojunction with SiGe (source)/Si (channel) and pocket layer which is inserted between the source region and the channel is adopted to reduce the tunneling barrier and improve the Ion. Therefore, the higher Ion is obtained by the proposed DSG–HJ–TFET. In the simulation results, it is shown that Ion of DSG–HJ–TFET is increased by three orders of magnitude compared with that of the conventional high‐κ gate dielectric TFET structure. In addition, the off‐state current (Ioff) of 4.91 × 10−11 μA μm−1, the minimum subthreshold swing of 14 mV dec−1, the Ion/Ioff ratio of 1.13 × 1012, transconductance of 260 μS μm−1, fT of 49.8 GHz, and gain bandwidth product (GBW) of 7.2 GHz are obtained. The propose DSG–HJ–TFET is favored in ultralow‐power applications for the rather good performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Many studies have found an association between mood-disorder-related traits and endometriosis and adenomyosis. However, the cause–effect relationship remains unclear. Aims We conducted Mendelian randomisation analyses to evaluate any causal relationship between mood disorders and endometriosis as well as different sites of endometriosis. Method Summary-level statistics for mood-disorder-related traits and endometriosis (8288 cases, 68 969 controls) in European populations were derived from large-scale data-sets of genome-wide association studies. A two-sample Mendelian randomisation was performed using the inverse-variance weighted and weight median methods. Further sensitivity analyses, including heterogeneity, pleiotropy and leave-one-out analyses, were conducted to test the consistency of the results. Results Genetically determined mood swings (odds ratio = 2.557, 95% CI: 1.192–5.483, P = 0.016) and major depression (odds ratio = 1.233, 95% CI: 1.019–1.493, P = 0.031) were causally associated with an increased risk of endometriosis. Mood swings (odds ratio = 4.238, 95% CI: 1.194–15.048, P = 0.025) and major depression (odds ratio = 1.512, 95% CI: 1.052–2.173, P = 0.025) were also causally associated with the risk of adenomyosis. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the reliability of the results. Conclusions Our results suggest that mood-disorder-related traits increase the risk of endometriosis and adenomyosis. This study provides new insights into the potential pathogenesis of endometriosis and adenomyosis, and highlights the importance of preventing endometriosis and adenomyosis in patients with mood-disorder-related traits.

In contemporary times, many individuals experiencing depression and anxiety have opted for non pharmaceutical and non traditional interventions, notably exercise, to manage their conditions. This trend is gaining popularity among those seeking alternative ways to address their mental health concerns. Regular exercise provides a lengthy list of advantages for both physical and mental well-being. It can be a pleasurable method to treat mild to moderate mental health disorders, and its effects can be both immediate and longlasting. Despite individuals with mental health problems often being less physically active, increased Aerobic Exercise (AE) has been shown to significantly reduce symptoms. Evidence suggests a complementary relationship between regular exercise and psychological well-being, indicating that exercise can alleviate anxiety and depression while promoting a positive outlook. The underlying processes behind these effects are not fully understood. The present review summarises research on the impact of exercise on mental wellbeing, with a focus on its potential to alleviate depression, mood swings, and anxiety when incorporated into mental health therapy.

In contemporary times, many individuals experiencing depression and anxiety have opted for non pharmaceutical and non traditional interventions, notably exercise, to manage their conditions. This trend is gaining popularity among those seeking alternative ways to address their mental health concerns. Regular exercise provides a lengthy list of advantages for both physical and mental well-being. It can be a pleasurable method to treat mild to moderate mental health disorders, and its effects can be both immediate and longlasting. Despite individuals with mental health problems often being less physically active, increased Aerobic Exercise (AE) has been shown to significantly reduce symptoms. Evidence suggests a complementary relationship between regular exercise and psychological well-being, indicating that exercise can alleviate anxiety and depression while promoting a positive outlook. The underlying processes behind these effects are not fully understood. The present review summarises research on the impact of exercise on mental wellbeing, with a focus on its potential to alleviate depression, mood swings, and anxiety when incorporated into mental health therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BackgroundThe association between benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and various mental disorders is still controversial. This study used the Mendelian randomization (MR) method to clarify the correlation between BPPV and seven mental disorders (bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, suicidality, neuroticism, and mood swings) to aid in the exploration of BPPV complications and prevention and early treatment of mental disorders.MethodsThe datasets for BPPV and seven mental disorders were obtained from genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Two-sample MR was used to analyze the correlation between exposure (BPPV) and various outcomes (bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, suicidality, neuroticism, and mood swings). A reverse MR study was also performed. The inverse variance weighting (IVW) method, the MR–Egger method, the simple mode method, the weighted mode method, and the weighted median method were selected.ResultsThe MR analysis and the reverse MR analysis results did not reveal significant associations between BPPV and bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, suicidal tendencies, neuroticism, and mood swings. Interestingly, neuroticism (IVW: OR = 1.142, 95% CI: 1.059–1.231, P = 0.001; P-MR-PRESSO adjustment = 0.0002) and mood swings (IVW: OR = 3.119, 95% CI: 1.652–5.884, P = 0.0004) may have a significant association with BPPV. After MR-PRESSO adjustment, there was no horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity, and a significant association between neuroticism, mood swings, and BPPV has still been suggested.ConclusionWe conducted MR analysis on genetic data from European populations and discovered a causal relationship between BPPV and the seven mental disorders. Our research findings suggest that BPPV may not have a significant causal relationship with bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, or suicidal tendencies. However, neuroticism and mood swings may be risk factors for BPPV.

Towards or during the menstrual cycle there are changes in the balance of various hormones such as endorphins, serotonin, and other hormones that determine mood. Mood swings, commonly known as premenstrual syndrome, fluctuate involving alternating feelings of happiness, sadness, anger, and depression, which are often known as Mood Swings. This condition can be minimized with non-pharmacological therapy, one of which is SEFT (Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique). The purpose of this study was to prove the effect of SEFT (Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique) therapy in improving the mood of Premenstrual Swing Syndrome at Darussalam Islamic Boarding School. The research design was a pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest approach. The research population was all female students who experienced premenstrual syndrome Mood Swings at Darussalam Islamic Boarding School with a total of 232 respondents. A sample of 186 respondents, was selected by random sampling technique. The instruments in the study were standard SEFT therapy procedures and the FDMS (Four Dimension Mood Scale)

Flatness and surface quality are important quality indexes of strip steel, and roll wear will directly affect the product's flatness and surface quality. Online roll profile measurement technology can obtain the information of roll profile in real time, guide the optimization of roll change rhythm, and improve the flatness control ability of rolling mill and surface quality of strip product. However, the error caused by roll displacement, clearance, roll thermal crown, and other factors is usually the same order of magnitude as the roll shape or roll wear, or even one order of magnitude higher. So error compensation is the key to ensuring the accuracy of online roll profile measurement. Herein, the position measurement technology of the roll bearing block is considered in the online roll profile measurement, and the measurement error caused by the deviation of the roll axis is separated. The thermal crown model is established to separate the measurement errors caused by the thermal crown. The error compensation model of online roll profile measurement is established, and the simulation calculation is carried out. This error compensation method is of great significance to improve the accuracy of online roll profile measurement and realize the fine management of mill roll in service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder with high worldwide prevalence that manifests with muscle rigidity, tremor, postural instability, and slowness of movement. These motor symptoms are mainly evaluated by clinicians via direct observations of patients and, as such, can potentially be influenced by personal biases and inter- and intra-rater differences. In order to provide more objective assessments, researchers have been developing technology-based systems aimed at objective measurements of motor symptoms, among which are the reduced and/or trembling swings of the lower limbs during gait tests, resulting in data that are potentially prone to more objective evaluations. Within this frame, although the swings of the upper limbs during walking are likewise important, no efforts have been made to reveal their support significance. To fill this lack, this work concerns a technology-based assessment of the forearm-swing capabilities of PD patients with respect to their healthy counterparts. This was obtained by adopting a viscoelastic model validated via measurements during gait tests tackled as an inverse dynamic problem aimed at determining the torque forces acting on the forearms. The obtained results evidence differences in the forearm movements during gait tests of healthy subjects and PD patients with different pathology levels, and, in particular, we evidenced how the worsening of the disease can cause the worsening of the mechanical support offered by the forearm's swing to the walking process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For reliable operation, distance relays have to be blocked in case of stable power swings (SPSs). Because these relays are prone to detect an SPS as a symmetrical 3-phase fault according to their symmetric nature. It should be noted that there are zero and negative sequence components during asymmetrical faults. However, these components do not exist during stable fluctuations or symmetrical faults. Consequently, according to the symmetric nature of the stable fluctuation, the distance relay may experience maloperation. This article proposes a new technique to discriminate a symmetrical 3-phase fault from an SPS. The proposed technique is based on the extraction of the exponentially decaying DC component in the 3-phase current by using the MIMIC impedance. This technique can detect the symmetrical fault in less than a quarter of one power cycle. The suitability of the technique is shown by simulating various symmetrical faults during fast and slow SPS conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the petroleum drilling industry, the smoothly functioning vibrating screens play a critical role in control of solid–liquid and recovery of drilling fluid. Due to the mechanical coupling, the surface of the vibrating screen tends to produce unbalanced swings, which makes the motion trajectory inconsistent with the situation at the center of mass, thus affecting the screening efficiency. In order to reveal the reasons for the unbalanced swings of the vibration system and the principle of the trajectory equilibrium characteristics (TECs), the self-synchronization characteristics of two eccentric rotors (ERs) driven by elliptical trajectory dual-motor vibrating system are investigated. The kinematic differential equations of the vibration system are determined by the Lagrange method. Then, the conditions of synchronization and stability of the vibration system are determined, respectively, by the small parameter average approach and the Routh–Hurwitz criterion. Subsequently, the impact of the structural parameters about the synchronization stability is examined by numerical discussion. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the theoretical research is confirmed by comparing the results between dynamics simulation and experiment under different structural parameters. Finally, by focusing on the analysis of the trajectories of different measuring points in the experiment, the relevant conclusions on how to reduce the unbalanced swings and maintain the TECs of the vibration system are obtained. The elliptical trajectory form of the system is most affected by the motor installation angle and installation distance in vibrating body, while less affected by the installation deflection angle and installation offset distance between the motors. In addition, the elliptical trajectories of the oscillating body are in a good equilibrium when reducing the swing angle of the vibration system, in other words, increasing the installation angle and reducing the installation distance of the exciters in the stable state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distance protection in transmission networks is vulnerable to malfunction during a power swing. Distance relays have a power swing blocking (PSB) function that prevents the relay from operating during a power swing. However, during a power swing, the relay will be able to identify and clear any fault. This paper offers a scheme for detecting symmetrical/unsymmetrical faults through power swing by estimating the maximum rate of change of a (ΔI-ΔV) ellipse circumference. The ellipse circumference of each phase is constructed at each power frequency cycle to consistently tracking the distinction in the measured current and voltage differences between the line's two ends. The main feature of the suggested work compared to previous works is the ability to detect numerous high impedance faults (HIFs) during single mode (slow/fast) power swing or multi-mode power swing in addition to the opportunity to detect faults during asymmetrical power swing. The suggested scheme is tested in a two-area, four-machine power system and tested also in the standard three-machine, nine-bus system using ATP software. The results reveal that the improved protective scheme performs well in fault conditions with and without power swing, and they confirm the scheme's suitability for interconnected networks.

In this paper, the design issue of effective damping of electromechanical swings in a medium voltage network with distributed generation by the use of a PSS2A type power system stabiliser is described. This stabiliser was installed in the generating unit with the highest rated power. Time constants of correction blocks, as well as the main gain, were determined by analyzing a single-machine system, generating unit – infinite bus. The time constants were calculated on the basis of the frequency-phase transfer functions both of the electromagnetic moment to the voltage regulator reference voltage and of the generator voltage to the voltage regulator reference voltage, under the assumption of an infinite and real value of the generating unit inertia time constant for various initial generator loads. The main stabiliser gain was calculated by analyzing the position, on the complex plane, of eigenvalues of the state matrix of the single-machine system, linearised around a steady operating point, at the changed value of this gain.

In the paper, the application of multi-criteria optimization of the parameters of PSS3B system stabilizers to damping electromechanical swings in an extended power system (PS) is presented. The calculations of the power system stabilizer (PSS) parameters were divided into two stages. In the first stage, single-machine systems, generating unit – infinite bus, of generating units critical for the angular stability of the PS were analyzed. Time constants and preliminary values of the PSS gains were calculated. In the second stage, the main one, the main gains on which the effectiveness of operation of PSSs depends the most were calculated by multi-criteria optimization of the extended PS. The calculations were carried out in several variants: for two-dimensional objective functions and the six-dimensional objective function. In multi-criteria optimization, the solution is not one set of PSS parameters, but a set of sets of these parameters, i.e. a set of compromises that were determined for each analyzed case. Additionally, for the six-dimensional compromise set, projections of this set on the planes connected with the quantities of individual generating units and the boundary of these projections on these planes were determined. A genetic algorithm adapted to multi-criteria issues was used to minimize the multivariate objective function. Sample calculations were made for the model of the National (Polish) Power System taking into account 57 selected generating units operating in high and extra high voltage networks (220 and 400 kV). The presented calculations show that the applied multi-criteria optimization of the PSS3B stabilizer parameters allows effectively damping electromechanical swings withoutworsening the voltagewaveforms of generating units in the extended PS.

Abstract Background Excessive inspiratory effort could translate into self-inflicted lung injury, thus worsening clinical outcomes of spontaneously breathing patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF). Although esophageal manometry is a reliable method to estimate the magnitude of inspiratory effort, procedural issues significantly limit its use in daily clinical practice. The aim of this study is to describe the correlation between esophageal pressure swings (ΔP es) and nasal (ΔP nos) as a potential measure of inspiratory effort in spontaneously breathing patients with de novo ARF. Methods From January 1, 2021, to September 1, 2021, 61 consecutive patients with ARF (83.6% related to COVID-19) admitted to the Respiratory Intensive Care Unit (RICU) of the University Hospital of Modena (Italy) and candidate to escalation of non-invasive respiratory support (NRS) were enrolled. Clinical features and tidal changes in esophageal and nasal pressure were recorded on admission and 24 h after starting NRS. Correlation between ΔP es and ΔP nos served as primary outcome. The effect of ΔP nos measurements on respiratory rate and ΔP es was also assessed. Results ΔP es and ΔP nos were strongly correlated at admission (R 2 = 0.88, p

Flexible electronics draw intense interest because of their promising potential for emerging applications, which, however, encounter challenging obstacles of material self‐limiting fabrication, trade‐off mechanical flexibility, and associated moderate electrical performance. Here, wafer‐level flexible fully‐carbon‐integrated transistors via mixed‐dimensional van der Waals (vdW) engineering is realized. Remarkable performance includes subthreshold swing of 51.8 mV dec−1 breaking thermionic limit, outstanding field‐effect mobility as high as 313.8 cm2 V−1 s−1, and sub‐1 V operating voltage. The charge transfer modulation of graphene oxide on carbon nanotube in the vdW‐integrated transistors is designed to enhance channel conductance, which is simultaneously confirmed by theoretical calculations and electrical characterizations. Besides, the transistors maintain stable electrical performance after bending under an ultra‐small radius of 250 µm. Exponential‐sensitivity temperature sensors and binary‐logic inverters are further realized to demonstrate the feasibility of the devices as the building blocks of all‐vdW electronics. These results indicate that either the strategy of all‐vdW transistor realization or the charge transfer provides general approach to improve device performance and further advance flexible electronic technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distance protection in transmission networks is vulnerable to malfunction during a power swing. Distance relays have a power swing blocking (PSB) function that prevents the relay from operating during a power swing. However, during a power swing, the relay will be able to identify and clear any fault. This paper offers a scheme for detecting symmetrical/unsymmetrical faults through power swing by estimating the maximum rate of change of a (Δ I - Δ V) ellipse circumference. The ellipse circumference of each phase is constructed at each power frequency cycle to consistently tracking the distinction in the measured current and voltage differences between the line's two ends. The main feature of the suggested work compared to previous works is the ability to detect numerous high impedance faults (HIFs) during single mode (slow/fast) power swing or multi-mode power swing in addition to the opportunity to detect faults during asymmetrical power swing. The suggested scheme is tested in a two-area, four-machine power system and tested also in the standard three-machine, nine-bus system using ATP software. The results reveal that the improved protective scheme performs well in fault conditions with and without power swing, and they confirm the scheme's suitability for interconnected networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose:

Quadriceps femoris muscle spasticity is commonly measured by the Wartenberg pendulum test. It is generally assumed that lower values of the number of swings of the leg and lower relaxation indexes are associated with higher muscle tone and more spasticity. Still, there is incoherence regarding the test’s applications with various body positions and starting mechanisms. This study aims to investigate the influence of body position, leg dominance, and automatic leg-releasing mechanism on muscle tone measured by pendulum test in healthy population whose muscle tone is often compared to the spastic muscle tone of patients with neurologic disorders. 

15 healthy adults (age: 19-32 years, 9 males, 6 females) participated in this study. A Zebris 3D ultrasound-based motion analysis system was used to record kinematic data during the pendulum test. The number of swings of the leg and the relaxation index were computed from the collected data. The pendulum test was completed in eight conditions: in supine and semi-supine positions on the dominant and non-dominant leg separately and with investigator-release and automata-release mechanisms. Paired t-tests and Wilcoxon test with the significance level of .05 were applied in comparison of pairs of the pendulum test condition.

1) Applying automata-release mode, in the non-dominant leg the number of swings (p=0.03) and the relaxation index (p<0.001) were significantly higher in semi-supine than in supine position. 2) The non-dominant leg had significantly more swings than the dominant leg in both body positions with automata-release mode (p=0.009, p<0.001). In investigator-release mode this occurred in supine position (p<0.001). 3). Regarding the number of swings in investigator-release versus automata-release mode, no significant differences were found in any test condition, but the relaxation index showed significant difference for the non-dominant leg (p=0.01, p=0.009). 4) The values of the relaxation index didn’t support in all test conditions the results what the number of swings provided about the muscle tone. In automata-release mode, the dominant leg has a lower number of swings and a higher relaxation index than the non-dominant leg.

The effect of body position on the quadriceps muscle tone can be assessed by applying the pendulum test with an automatic leg-releasing mechanism even when the application of conventional investigator-release mode does not show a significant effect. The pendulum test is more sensitive to assess spasticity with automatic-release than with investigator-release mode. 

For reliable operation, distance relays have to be blocked in case of stable power swings (SPSs). Because these relays are prone to detect an SPS as a symmetrical 3-phase fault according to their symmetric nature. It should be noted that there are zero and negative sequence components during asymmetrical faults. However, these components do not exist during stable fluctuations or symmetrical faults. Consequently, according to the symmetric nature of the stable fluctuation, the distance relay may experience maloperation. This article proposes a new technique to discriminate a symmetrical 3-phase fault from an SPS. The proposed technique is based on the extraction of the exponentially decaying DC component in the 3-phase current by using the MIMIC impedance. This technique can detect the symmetrical fault in less than a quarter of one power cycle. The suitability of the technique is shown by simulating various symmetrical faults during fast and slow SPS conditions.

In this paper, the design issue of effective damping of electromechanical swings in a medium voltage network with distributed generation by the use of a PSS2A type power system stabiliser is described. This stabiliser was installed in the generating unit with the highest rated power. Time constants of correction blocks, as well as the main gain, were determined by analyzing a single-machine system, generating unit - infinite bus. The time constants were calculated on the basis of the frequency-phase transfer functions both of the electromagnetic moment to the voltage regulator reference voltage and of the generator voltage to the voltage regulator reference voltage, under the assumption of an infinite and real value of the generating unit inertia time constant for various initial generator loads. The main stabiliser gain was calculated by analyzing the position, on the complex plane, of eigenvalues of the state matrix of the single-machine system, linearised around a steady operating point, at the changed value of this gain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In the paper, the application of multi-criteria optimization of the parameters of PSS3B system stabilizers to damping electromechanical swings in an extended power system (PS) is presented. The calculations of the power system stabilizer (PSS) parameters were divided into two stages. In the first stage, single-machine systems, generating unit - infinite bus, of generating units critical for the angular stability of the PS were analyzed. Time constants and preliminary values of the PSS gains were calculated. In the second stage, the main one, the main gains on which the effectiveness of operation of PSSs depends the most were calculated by multi-criteria optimization of the extended PS. The calculations were carried out in several variants: for two-dimensional objective functions and the six-dimensional objective function. In multi-criteria optimization, the solution is not one set of PSS parameters, but a set of sets of these parameters, i.e. a set of compromises that were determined for each analyzed case. Additionally, for the six-dimensional compromise set, projections of this set on the planes connected with the quantities of individual generating units and the boundary of these projections on these planes were determined. A genetic algorithm adapted to multi-criteria issues was used to minimize the multivariate objective function. Sample calculations were made for the model of the National (Polish) Power System taking into account 57 selected generating units operating in high and extra high voltage networks (220 and 400 kV). The presented calculations show that the applied multi-criteria optimization of the PSS3B stabilizer parameters allows effectively damping electromechanical swings withoutworsening the voltagewaveforms of generating units in the extended PS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A theory-consistent CVAR scenario describes a set of testable regularities capturing basic assumptions of the theoretical model. Using this concept, the paper considers a standard model for exchange rate determination with forward-looking expectations and shows that all assumptions about the model's shock structure and steady-state behavior can be formulated as testable hypotheses on common stochastic trends and cointegration. The basic stationarity assumptions of the monetary model failed to obtain empirical support. They were too restrictive to explain the observed long persistent swings in the real exchange rate, the real interest rates, and the inflation and interest rate differentials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydroclimatic swings between dry and wet spells are increasing globally, raising concerns due to their severe impacts on society, agriculture, infrastructure systems, and water resource management. These extremes and their projected changes are traditionally assessed in isolation, which can underestimate associated risks and future resilience and adaptation plans. This study investigates climate change projections of such lagged compound dry and wet spells across North America using a single model initial-condition large ensemble (SMILE). Three dry-wet spell indices are merged into an integrated indicator to provide a comprehensive perspective on changing risks. We apply an ensemble pooling approach using the Canadian Regional Climate Model version 4 Large Ensemble (CanRCM4-LE) to enhance sample size for index estimation. Results suggest that hydroclimatic swings across North America are expected to become more frequent and intensified in a warmer climate. Trends of spatial fraction and aggregation during transitions between dry and wet spells indicate future water resource management challenges. Hot spots for intensified transitions with higher frequency, such as Northern Central America, and the southern part of Eastern and Western North America, including Mexico and the state of California, overlap with larger spatial extent and higher aggregation during transitions. The seasonal analysis of spatial characteristics indicates winter may become wetter and summer drier at higher warming levels, potentially intensifying transitions between dry and wet extremes. Clustered hydroclimatic swings may lead to severe environmental, hydrological, and socio-economic consequences, necessitating appropriate mitigation and adaptation measures. [Display omitted] • Novel framework to project the characteristics of hydroclimatic whiplash is proposed. • Hydroclimatic whiplash across North America is expected to become more frequent. • Transitions between dry and wet spells tend to be intensified in a warmer climate. • Increasing trends of spatial fraction and aggregation during transitions are found. • Hot spots for hydroclimatic whiplash in North America are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Excessive inspiratory effort could translate into self-inflicted lung injury, thus worsening clinical outcomes of spontaneously breathing patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF). Although esophageal manometry is a reliable method to estimate the magnitude of inspiratory effort, procedural issues significantly limit its use in daily clinical practice. The aim of this study is to describe the correlation between esophageal pressure swings (ΔPes) and nasal (ΔPnos) as a potential measure of inspiratory effort in spontaneously breathing patients with de novo ARF.Methods: From January 1, 2021, to September 1, 2021, 61 consecutive patients with ARF (83.6% related to COVID-19) admitted to the Respiratory Intensive Care Unit (RICU) of the University Hospital of Modena (Italy) and candidate to escalation of non-invasive respiratory support (NRS) were enrolled. Clinical features and tidal changes in esophageal and nasal pressure were recorded on admission and 24 h after starting NRS. Correlation between ΔPes and ΔPnos served as primary outcome. The effect of ΔPnos measurements on respiratory rate and ΔPes was also assessed.Results: ΔPes and ΔPnos were strongly correlated at admission (R2 = 0.88, p < 0.001) and 24 h apart (R2 = 0.94, p < 0.001). The nasal plug insertion and the mouth closure required for ΔPnos measurement did not result in significant change of respiratory rate and ΔPes. The correlation between measures at 24 h remained significant even after splitting the study population according to the type of NRS (high-flow nasal cannulas [R2 = 0.79, p < 0.001] or non-invasive ventilation [R2 = 0.95, p < 0.001]).Conclusions: In a cohort of patients with ARF, nasal pressure swings did not alter respiratory mechanics in the short term and were highly correlated with esophageal pressure swings during spontaneous tidal breathing. ΔPnos might warrant further investigation as a measure of inspiratory effort in patients with ARF.Trial Registration: NCT03826797 . Registered October 2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recently published European Society for Phenylketonuria (ESPKU) guidelines have recommended a lifelong diet with phenylalanine (Phe) control ≤ 600 μmol/L for phenylketonuria (PKU) patients. This study aimed to identify whether PKU adult patients are at a higher risk of mental health diagnoses if their 2-year average Phe level is higher than the ESPKU European guidelines. Published studies identified by a literature review showed that related studies have been published in American and European PKU study populations but not in the United Kingdom (UK) study populations. Previous studies also involved a smaller number of participants due to this being a rare disease.Results: We undertook a retrospective audit at a single large PKU centre in the UK. 244 adult PKU patients at the centre were included, 220 of which had a recorded Phe level. Approximately 75% of the patients in this study did not meet the ESPKU European guidelines for Phe control. A systematic search of the electronic patient record was undertaken looking for mental health diagnoses. Compared to two-year average Phe levels ≤ 600 μmol/L, PKU adult patients with two-year average Phe levels > 600 μmol/L were more likely to have diagnoses of low mood, depression, anxiety, or mood swings, but only low mood reached statistical significance (p < 0.05).Conclusions: PKU patients with two-year average Phenylalanine levels greater than ESPKU guidelines may be at greater risk of mental health diagnoses and symptoms. Many of these adult PKU patients will be lost to follow-up, and therefore may be receiving treatment for mental health conditions in the community. Multicentre UK studies and international collaborations are required to overcome low participant numbers in the study of this rare disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale: Determining whether an individual has obstructive or central sleep apnea is fundamental to selecting the appropriate treatment. Objectives: Here we derive an automated breath-by-breath probability of obstruction, as a surrogate of gold-standard upper airway resistance, using hallmarks of upper airway obstruction visible on clinical sleep studies. Methods: From five nocturnal polysomnography signals (airflow, thoracic and abdominal effort, oxygen saturation, and snore), nine features were extracted and weighted to derive the breath-by-breath probability of obstruction (Pobs). A development and initial test set of 29 subjects (development = 6, test = 23) (New York, NY) and a second test set of 39 subjects (Solingen, Germany), both with esophageal manometry, were used to develop Pobs and validate it against gold-standard upper airway resistance. A separate dataset of 114 subjects with 2 consecutive nocturnal polysomnographies (New York, NY) without esophageal manometry was used to assess the night-to-night variability of Pobs. Measurements and Main Results: A total of 1,962,229 breaths were analyzed. On a breath-by-breath level, Pobs was strongly correlated with normalized upper airway resistance in both test sets (set 1: cubic adjusted [adj.] R2 = 0.87, P < 0.001, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.74; set 2: cubic adj. R2 = 0.83, P < 0.001, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.7). On a subject level, median Pobs was associated with the median normalized upper airway resistance (set 1: linear adj. R2 = 0.59, P < 0.001; set 2: linear adj. R2 = 0.45, P < 0.001). Median Pobs exhibited low night-to-night variability [intraclass correlation(2, 1) = 0.93]. Conclusions: Using nearly 2 million breaths from 182 subjects, we show that breath-by-breath probability of obstruction can reliably predict the overall burden of obstructed breaths in individual subjects and can aid in determining the type of sleep apnea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Mood swings (MS) are a widely discussed psychiatric ailment of youthful patients. However, there is a lack of research about MS in this population. Methods A school-based, cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and distribution pattern of mood swings due to personal and contextual determinants in Thai adolescents in the central region of Thailand. Participants were 2598 students in high schools and vocational schools in Bangkok and three provinces in the central region of Thailand. Results The prevalence of mood swings was 26.4%. It was highest among vocational students in Bangkok at 37.1%. MS were more common in adolescents who exhibited risk behaviors and who resided in hazardous situations. The probabilities of MS by characteristic in 15–24 years olds were: bullying involvement 36.9% (n = 1293), problematic social media use 55.9%(n = 127), high expressed emotion in family 36.6% (n = 1256), and studying in a vocational program 29.5% (n = 1216) and school located in Bangkok 32.4% (n = 561). Also, substance use was a risk for MS with cannabis use at 41.8%(n = 55) and heroin use at 48.0% (n = 25). Hierarchical logistic regression analysis showed that female gender, having a family history of mental problems, bullying involvement, problematic social media use, high expression of emotion in the family, and the interaction between vocational program enrollments and metropolitan/urban residence associated adolescent mood swings (p