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Copyright of Mediterranea - Ricerche Storiche is the property of Mediterranea-Ricerche Storiche and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the 1860s, legislators and bureaucrats in the Alps crafted laws to govern the migrations of the so-called Swabian Children, requiring them to meet specific obligations for the right to travel abroad. At the time of passage, these laws had a facilitative purpose. They were intended to funnel children abroad so they could avoid the degrading effects of begging and factory work. Decades later and inspired by growing moral outrage, regional school authorities repurposed these legal norms to inhibit the numbers of children heading abroad. This article analyzes the shifting sensibilities about territorial sovereignty and childhood to show how these norms were transformed via a dialogue between text and application, laws and their enforcement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By creating the Council of German ethnic workers, the communist regime aimed to get a larger control on that important ethnic minority in Romania. So, the members of the Council in Timiş County were forced to take part to materializing the RCP politics in the Swabian county community, to indoctrinating them in order to create the so-called new man. The same were the propaganda actions in order to estrange the Swabians from religion, especially the young ones, to make them atheists. All of them had also to involve in diifferent actions to hold back the migrations to FRG, ever intensified the time I have analyzed. But those approaches failed as we can note from the official papers, the ever larger number of those who required visa for FRG, the way the people went on to Roman-Catholic Church or how they preserved the religious nature of important feasts, as Kirchweih for example. The leaders of that German forum acted toward rectifing the abusses of the agrarian reform from 1945, and supporting the old and unwell Swabians devoid of means of subsistence. On the other hand, the members of that Council made efforts to preserve Swabian cultural traditions, increase Swabian cultural life by organizing dance ensembles, fanfares, singing groups or community theatres, etc. in localities with many German people. Museums, museal branches or memorial houses were also initiated, especially for ethographic and local languages heritage. Cultural institutions (the German Public Theatre Timişoara), German litterature and Swabian publications were also encouraged in order to write an objective (as allowed at that time) history of the Swabians in the Banat. The German Council intensively worked for developing the German education there, increasing the education network and the quality of the educational process. It is reasonable so to consider that the work of the Council of German ethnic workers in Timiş County was a favorable one for the Swabians in the county in 1968-1973, and the political and ideological concessions the members of the Council made then were the price they paid to defend the interests of the people they represented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Those Germans who remained in Hungary after the Second World War faced complex political, economic, and social difficulties. In cultural terms, the diverse self-definitions of the Germans living in Hungary at that time precluded national cohesion, despite the use by the authorities of the unifying definition "German." This national minority was bound together primarily by shared trauma. Individuals and communities alike were searching for their place amidst the changed circumstances, and it was the umbrella organization known as the Democratic Association of Germans in Hungary (Magyarországi Németek Demokratikus Szövetsége) that sought to bring them together. It was not until the 1970s that the association began to professionalize its activities and to conduct ethnographic research in cooperation with qualified specialists. During this process, the village of Harta, which was already famous for its folk art, came to their attention. It was specifically the economic potential of this settlement in Bács-Kiskun County, and its character as an ethnic and confessional enclave, that laid the foundations for the uniform objects and motifs of this local center of furniture painting. After the Second World War, the county administration's cultural policy was relatively accepting of the furniture-making tradition here, and the local intelligentsia showed a supportive attitude towards the settlement's German heritage. In the 1970s, there was still a furniture painter living in Harta, who won the most prestigious folk-art award, regularly participated in exhibitions and gala events, and even produced painted furniture in the cooperative's subsidiary branch at the initiative of the local council president. This ensured that painted furniture from Harta came to represent not only the traditionalist aspirations of the German Association, but also national cultural policy. Harta furniture emerged as the most iconic style of minority painted furniture and as the shared heritage of the German community in Hungary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented on which editor discusses various articles within the issue on topics including effects of exclusive property regimes in the Valley Entlebuch; material drinking culture and colonial beverages in Rural Northwest Germany and laws for Swabian Children.

Abstract Background German-derived ethnicities are one of the largest ethnic groups in Hungary, dating back to the formation of the Kingdom of Hungary, which took place at the beginning of the 11th century. Germans arrived in Hungary in many waves. The most significant immigration wave took place following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in East-Central Europe which closed the 150 year long Ottoman occupation. To date, there are no comprehensive genome-wide studies investigating the genetic makeup of the Danube Swabians. Here we analyzed 47 Danube Swabian samples collected from elderly Swabian individuals living in the Dunaszekcső-Bár area, in Danube side villages of Southwest Hungary. These Swabians, according to self-declaration, did not admix with other ethnic groups for 3–6 succeeding generations. Using Illumina Infinium 720 K Beadchip genotype data, we applied allele frequency-based and haplotype-based genome-wide marker data analyses to investigate the ancestry and genetic composition of the collected Danube Swabian samples. Results Haplotype-based analyses like identity by descent segment analysis show that the investigated Danube Swabians possess significant German and other West European ancestry, but their Hungarian ancestry is also prominent. Our results suggest that their main source of ancestry can be traced back to Western Europe, presumably to the region of Germany. Conclusion This is the first analysis of Danube Swabian population samples based on genome-wide autosomal data. Our results establish the basis for conducting further comprehensive research on Danube Swabians and on other German ethnicities of the Carpathian basin, which can help reconstruct their origin, and identify their major archaic genomic patterns.

This article uses selected memoirs by American women who came from the Danube Swabian minority in present-day Hungary and Serbia (former Yugoslavia). The entire ethnic group was expelled from the region at the end of World War II. All five memoirs were published in the new millennium. This article examines how the narratives frame memories of a prewar happy childhood from young women’s perspective. The childhood memories are presented in stark contrast to the authors’ postwar experiences of expulsion, sexual violence, genocide, flight, and the eventual building of a new life in a new country. All narratives document the brutality with which the Danube Swabian communities were destroyed, particularly in Yugoslavia. Nostalgic overtones about a lost homeland intersect with a lasting feeling of being atopos—i.e., “of no place,” in exile and in the diaspora. While most of the narratives emphasize Danube Swabian victimhood, one narrative stands out in its attempt to create a more multidirectional approach to memory about World War II. agathas@uottawa.ca

This article interrogates and contextualises the settler identification discourses related to Danube Swabians in Entre Rios/Guarapuava in southern Brazil (Paraná). It looks into the origins of Danube Swabian 'settlerness', asking why does it play a central role in Danube Swabian identity constructions in Brazil (but also beyond), and how has it changed over time. It follows settlerness as a thread from before the migration to Entre Rios up to the present, fleshing out its meanings and emphasising the persistence as well as the malleability of settler tropes. Discussing Danube Swabians in Brazil, the article pleads for a general critical analysis of the entanglements connecting apparently disparate spaces, such as southeastern Europe and southern Brazil, within a global history of settler colonialism, settler migration, and settler imaginations. Moreover, in engaging with the category 'settlerness' - as a category of practice as well as one of analysis – it shows some of the gains and limitations of the theorisations pertaining to settler colonial studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper begins by discussing the loyalty-faith-betrayal triad in relation to the Crown, the empire, and one's one nation, and then it proceeds to analyze the situation of the Banat region in the aftermath of World War I and the attitude of the local German population towards the tumultuous events that took place after November 1918. Among the elements thus highlighted we find the confusion experienced by the region's multiethnic population (Romanians, Germans, Serbs, and Hungarians), the intervention of the Entente forces, as well as the attempts made by the authorities in Budapest to maintain control over Banat--among other things, by trying to set up an administrative unit of Banat sometimes referred to as a "republic," which was never actually proclaimed, was never granted international legal status and never acquired its own institutions or distinct legislation, and was therefore ephemeral and practically non-existent. The authors then examine the options available to the German population in what concerned their chances of still living as Germans in a land they had profoundly shaped in economic and cultural terms for the past 200 years, at a time what the Romanians had clearly opted for a union with Romania, the vacillations of a population that included a modest intellectual class between the old loyalty towards the Hungarian state, the loyalty towards one's own community (amid the renewed hope of a German revival), and also the loyalty expected by the Romanian state (of which they knew little, and the little they knew tended to be mostly negative), without forgetting the decision--otherwise influenced by the Saxon leaders (Rudolf Brandsch)--to accept the union with Romania and to support this decision at the Paris Peace Conference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: German-derived ethnicities are one of the largest ethnic groups in Hungary, dating back to the formation of the Kingdom of Hungary, which took place at the beginning of the 11th century. Germans arrived in Hungary in many waves. The most significant immigration wave took place following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in East-Central Europe which closed the 150 year long Ottoman occupation. To date, there are no comprehensive genome-wide studies investigating the genetic makeup of the Danube Swabians. Here we analyzed 47 Danube Swabian samples collected from elderly Swabian individuals living in the Dunaszekcső-Bár area, in Danube side villages of Southwest Hungary. These Swabians, according to self-declaration, did not admix with other ethnic groups for 3–6 succeeding generations. Using Illumina Infinium 720 K Beadchip genotype data, we applied allele frequency-based and haplotype-based genome-wide marker data analyses to investigate the ancestry and genetic composition of the collected Danube Swabian samples. Results: Haplotype-based analyses like identity by descent segment analysis show that the investigated Danube Swabians possess significant German and other West European ancestry, but their Hungarian ancestry is also prominent. Our results suggest that their main source of ancestry can be traced back to Western Europe, presumably to the region of Germany. Conclusion: This is the first analysis of Danube Swabian population samples based on genome-wide autosomal data. Our results establish the basis for conducting further comprehensive research on Danube Swabians and on other German ethnicities of the Carpathian basin, which can help reconstruct their origin, and identify their major archaic genomic patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article uses selected memoirs by American women who came from the Danube Swabian minority in present-day Hungary and Serbia (former Yugoslavia). The entire ethnic group was expelled from the region at the end of World War II. All five memoirs were published in the new millennium. This article examines how the narratives frame memories of a prewar happy childhood from young women's perspective. The childhood memories are presented in stark contrast to the authors' postwar experiences of expulsion, sexual violence, genocide, flight, and the eventual building of a new life in a new country. All narratives document the brutality with which the Danube Swabian communities were destroyed, particularly in Yugoslavia. Nostalgic overtones about a lost homeland intersect with a lasting feeling of being atopos--i.e., "of no place," in exile and in the diaspora. While most of the narratives emphasize Danube Swabian victimhood, one narrative stands out in its attempt to create a more multidirectional approach to memory about World War II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the specific linguistic situation of print media in German language abroad based on the example of the "Batschkaer Spuren", a regional newspaper of the German minority in Hungary. The goal is a linguistic assessment of the current manifestations of the used media language regarding its typological structures and fundamental characteristics. Additionally, journalistic possibilities and types of procedures, specifically with regards to regionalisms (informed by local dialects), multilingualism, and inter- as well as transculturality are discussed. The study identified a spectrum of minority-specific patterns und types of linguistic composition with highly variable characteristics of German. The analyzed linguistic practices of the newspaper show a type of dynamic multiliteracy that in itself causes an emergence of new patterns. The majority of findings can be attributed to multilingual or language-contact induced phenomena on different levels: from word to text/discourse (the text routines are occasionally influenced by the contact language Hungarian). The other central aspect of the analyzed text world lies in the regionalisms that are influenced by local dialects. The complete picture is determined by heterogeneity and inconsistency and presents itself as a mixture of linguistic and stylistic forms. Especially noteworthy is the established conflict between orality and scribality i.e., between a "language of proximity" and a "language of distance". Hence, the analyzed newspaper articles present a large quantity of forms and structures of every-day written language that metaphorically can be termed "Parlando texts". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the first decades of the 20th century Europe was marked by important systemic transformations which decisively affected various societal and political factors. The outbreak of World War I caused the collapse of entire European empires and prepared the path for the emergence of a new political order dominated by new established nation-states. The rise of Greater Romania occurred in this particular context, fulfilling therefore a much-needed national objective, namely the unification of all the historical provinces inhabited mostly by ethnic Romanians. Soon after the Great Union the young Romanian state became a major administrative challenge for the political stakeholders of that time. In this respect one of the major issues was the situation of minorities especially in the new incorporated regions such as Banat or Transylvania. The strategic need of Romania’s centralized administration to make minorities loyal in order not to potentially undermine the state interests was in many cases perceived as an aggressive attempt to homogenize the social sphere in multicultural regions. This paper attempts to investigate the social dynamic of Swabian minority groups in the first years after the Great Union and their attitudes towards political processes or geopolitical transformations. The main objective of this analytical undertaking is to highlight the ethnic dimension of civic culture and to uncover the social predispositions towards certain types of activism.

The text is a revised version of the anthropological field diary made during a research trip in the last week of July 2018. An anthropological field diary usually includes, but is not limited to, information and experiences experienced during the field research. The researcher talks to people, attends ceremonies, finds out property relations, maps social relations systems, and in the meantime documents all of this. The anthropological field diary includes the slow process by which the researcher goes from the moment he or she starts to write stories about the culture. The present text is based on a field study conducted in 2018, and was stylized, provided with fresh footnotes in 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The press in the native language, an area of great importance for the ethnic identity of each nation, was an essential milestone in the life of the Germanspeaking communities throughout Romania. It was the barometer that faithfully illustrated the wishes, hopes and expectations of this minority in the new constitutional framework. The press also revealed the image, the concerns and the ideological orientations of the population, but also the desired relations with the Romanian state authorities and the links with the German nation. The present article entitled "The Contribution of the Banat Swabians to the Development of Typography and the Press in the 18th and 19th Centuries" offers an overall picture of the most important stages in the evolution of the Banat products of the printing press. The article focuses on the political, social and financial difficulties of the German minority in Banat, as well as their outstanding achievements in the cultural and editorial field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examines the impact of the agricultural associations of two Swabian settlements - Mezőfény (Foieni) and Mezőpetri (Petresți) - on the local economy and society. Agricultural associations played an important role at the beginning of the process of agrarian transformation after the regime change in Romania. The successor organisations of the socialist agricultural associations, now established on a voluntary basis, were able to counteract the impoverishment caused by the reparcelling or forced reparcelling of land during the long transitional period, while at the same time exploiting their monopoly position to prevent the emergence of individual and family farmers. The risk-averse, self-reliant economic model of the associations is reminiscent of the peasant, self-sufficient farm organisation. The associations can thus be seen as a very specific form of post-socialist post-peasant production systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigates language ideology and language use in the families of Banat Swabians between the two world wars. It is argued that the linguistic practices of the Banat Swabians cannot be understood without insight into the historical context and the most important ideological nuclei of the Danube Swabians, as the ethnic group to which they belong. The analysis is therefore based on previous research on the Danube Swabians, primarily carried out by historians, anthropologists and linguists, and on contemporary field research carried out within the German Banat community. The paper shows that the Banat Swabians in the interwar period are characterized by the heterogeneity of language ideologies and practices, which depends on their family and social status, as well as on the changing socio-political circumstances in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and Europe at that time. The language ideologies of the Banat Swabians, as shown in the paper, oscillated between national (standardizing) and local (vernacular). Language use was characterized by standard language culture and diglossia of Swabian (vernacular variety of German) and Hochdeutsch (literary, standardized variety). The social values attributed to local Swabian varieties in the school, in the local German press and within Swabian families also fluctuated between stigmatisation and admiration. As the Swabians inhabited areas where German was not the majority language, they praised and practiced multilingualism, especially in the public sphere. The language repertoire of all social strata included almost all the main languages of the Banat social environment – German, Hungarian, Serbian, Romanian, etc. Furthermore, we argue that the Banat Swabians perceived the entire area of the former Monarchy, and partly Germany, as interconnected cultural and social spaces. Transnational mobility was thus an integral part of their everyday and family life.

This paper presents the heritage of Germans in Romania (Danube Swabians and Transylvanian Saxons) in relationship with the regions of emigration in the home country of Germany. Nowadays there are institutions dealing with the effects of immigration on art and architecture, including research institutions and museums, and the paper makes reference to these. Also, Italian research is interested in the province of Dacia and many conservation methods come from those lessons, while many of the buildings in the home country were inspired by Italian journeys. The heritage was subjected to disasters over time (earthquake, fire, war among others) and is facing abandonment today, for which reason conservation and management of these heritage buildings is important. This conservation includes also digital conservation, such as CAD virtual reconstruction and laser scanning. The confessional history has been different, with the Saxons arriving before the church Reformation and becoming protestant, while the Swabians arrived as part of the Counter-Reform of Emperor Maria Theresia of the Habsburgs. This, and the position of the dominant architecture programme for the respective periods of history of architecture determined the position of the churches of different confessions in the city. 2017 500 years of Reformation were celebrated, which made the question of confession actual and the agreement today between Christians. Also, the basic professions of the immigrants influenced how the church architecture spread from urban to rural areas. Research methods included looking into both scientific literature and fiction dealing with the issue of German churches and the confessional history, research in the archives on urbanism issues, visit of the sites. Baden-Württemberg, the home of the Swabians, features even more important Baroque heritage after the emigration of the Danube Swabians, which opens the questions for incentives of the movement of population that time.

Copyright of Tanulmanyok is the property of Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study aims to highlight and analyze some aspects of modernity in the city of Timișoara in strong relation with the theoretical approach of the highly used in social sciences dialectics of center and periphery. Under focus of my research lays the investigation of the urban space in a peripherical city of the Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy, analyzed from the point of view of historical and urban development. By using local literature, urban monographies written by the local intellectual elite and German newspapers, scope of the study is to comprise some of the major urban transformations occurring in the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century Timișoara. The research questions gravitates along the subject of sharing cultural goods and thoughts from the imperial cities of Vienna and Budapest to the more peripherical Timișoara. Of interest for the research is to comprise the Zeitgeist of the time by adapting the urban and architectural transformations in the periphery as are being imitated and adapted to the models of the two imperial and monarchic centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Issues in Ethnology Anthropology is the property of Issues in Ethnology Anthropology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The press in the native language, an area of great importance for the ethnic identity of each nation, was an essential milestone in the life of the Germanspeaking communities throughout Romania. It was the barometer that faithfully illustrated the wishes, hopes and expectations of this minority in the new constitutional framework. The press also revealed the image, the concerns and the ideological orientations of the population, but also the desired relations with the Romanian state authorities and the links with the German nation. The present article entitled "The Contribution of the Banat Swabians to the Development of Typography and the Press in the 18th and 19th Centuries" offers an overall picture of the most important stages in the evolution of the Banat products of the printing press. The article focuses on the political, social and financial difficulties of the German minority in Banat, as well as their outstanding achievements in the cultural and editorial field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study dwells with the daily life in Timișoara by the beginning of the 20th century. It is a radiography of balls and dance parties aiming to analyze the daily life of "the unnamed", fallowing the entertainment progress in Timișoara during the Belle Époque, on the basis of press data and memoirs. The functions of balls before and after the Great War are presented in different stages: organizing, press advertizing, clothes, dances, and the ball calenderer. Timișoara offered a cosmopolite space of entertainment and the different ethnic groups used to take part into such events. More than this, the code of manners played an important part as long as the social actors tried to follow the urban model through their clothes and etiquette. The basic question of the study is: How World War I changed the entertainment progress in Timișoara? Temesvárer Zeitung, the German newspaper was the main source with balls advertorials and chronicles it regularly published and allows so the researchers of today to inquiring into the social life in Timișoara in the beginning of the 20th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at providing an overview of the Banat calendar press products during the interwar period, focusing on the place and duration of the publication on one hand, and on their structural and thematic features, on the other hand. The starting point of the study is an attempt to define this functional type of text by drawing out its characteristics. The article offers an overview of the structure, content and function of the German-language calendars of Banat during the interwar period, with the intention of underlining their peculiarities. The analysis of the calendars has shown that they are a living proof of the way of thinking and acting, but also a reflection of the cultural and linguistic identity of the Banat Swabians of that time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudos Ibero-Americanos is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper analyses the history of two agricultural cooperatives in the Szatmár/ Satu Mare region, North-West Romania. The Hungarian ethnographers from Transylvania dealing with the Romanian postsocialist transformation of rural areas have hitherto focused on family farming. In their papers, cooperative forms of agriculture appeared only as untapped opportunities or unsuccessful attempts. The purpose of this paper is to provide information about how cooperatives could survive until now - through the example of two villages. What are the factors that made this possible and how did they affect the economic and everyday life of the local society? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to identify the Central European roots of Ludwig Bauer’s literature based on analysis of the writer’s autobiography, Toranj kiselih jabuka, published in 2013. Due to transformations of literary canons and cultures of post-communist countries during the “twenty-five years of freedom”, the myth of Central Europe has also evolved. The nostalgia, postmodern in its origin, remains a measure that universalises Central European culture and, as a literary concept, crosses the already blurred boundaries of Yugonostalgia (or nostalgia for childhood), thus becoming an identity-oriented project that grows out of nothing but the Central European imaginarium of culture and culture of memory, typical of the Central European borderlands. Therefore, the aim of the text is to identify the supra-regional elements implemented at the regional level of the small homeland and, in consequence, to describe the vision of identity that forms in this relationship.

Copyright of Forschungen zur Volks- und Landeskunde is the property of Romanian Academy Publishing House / Editura Academiei Romane and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aims and objectives: We investigate how varying usage patterns in speakers of closely related language varieties might impact executive function. More specifically, bidialectals with more balanced usage were predicted to show better inhibitory control than less balanced bidialectals. Design: Thirty-four adult bidialectals of Standard German and Swabian German performed two executive function tasks (flanker and Simon). Data and analysis: The participants' reaction times on the two executive function tasks were analysed using regression models. Data and R code are available online. Findings: Contrary to predictions, Swabian-dominant bidialectals showed smaller flanker and Simon effects than balanced German-Swabian bidialectals. Furthermore, contrary to some previous studies, executive function task performances correlated significantly. Originality: We discuss how bidialectal language usage patterns can be assessed and how arbitrary analytical decisions affect findings regarding the effects of bidialectalism on executive function. Significance: These findings shed a new light on the effects of bilingualism/bidialectalism on executive function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Die fast vollständige Auswanderung der Rumäniendeutschen in den letzten Jahrzehnten ist keineswegs mit dem Ende der deutschsprachigen Literatur in Rumänien gleichzusetzen. Der Beitrag setzt es sich zum Ziel, anhand exemplarischer Textanalysen eine Gesamtschau der deutschrumänischen Gegenwartsliteratur zu präsentieren. Mit seiner Siebenbürgischen Trilogie verfasst Eginald Schlattner deutschrumänische Romane über Treue und Verrat, wobei der Autor seinen kulturellen und geschichtlichen Kontext aufarbeitet. Vor allem im Roman Rote Handschuhe verarbeitet er die Geschichte des durch den rumänischen Geheimdienst inszenierten Kronstädter Schriftstellerprozesses aus dem Jahr 1959, in welchem Schlattner von der Securitate zum Hauptzeugen der Anklage aufgebaut wurde. Joachim Wittstocks Roman Bestätigt und besiegelt weist einen betonten memorialistischen Charakter auf. Eine persönlich fixierte Thematik prägt den Erzählband Amsel — Schwarzer Vogel Erzählungen und den Roman Patula lacht von Carmen Elisabeth Puchianu. Bei Balthasar Waitz wird im Roman Das rote Akkordeon und im Kurzprosaband Krähensommer und andere Geschichten aus dem Hinterland das banatschwäbische Dorf mit den Augen eines Kindes und Heranwachsenden zwischen Kind und Jugendlichen beobachtet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The present study investigates the function of the Swabian particle gell. This particle is employed to manage the Common Ground – either in a narrative or in a dialogical context. Focusing on the dialogical context, I show that gell has two intersubjective flavors: one is to request confirmation; the other is to demand it. Both flavors are available at the beginning and at the end of a turn. This is demonstrated by a quantitative analysis of the distributional behavior of the two flavors in two independent forced-choice response studies. Both flavors show an identical response pattern at both peripheries. This result is relevant for the question of whether the two turn peripheries have different discourse-functions. Under such an asymmetric perspective, turn-initial particles have a subjective meaning and turn-final particles have an intersubjective meaning (e.g. Beeching et al., 2009). Beyond a peripherally-independent meaning, the properties of gell suggest that the notion of intersubjectivity is best conceived as a matter of degree: gell has three different contexts of use, each instantiating a different degree of intersubjectivity. Highlights • Peripheral distribution of particles does not correlate with pragmatic function. • Order of (inter-)subjective particles is contingent on proximity to proposition. • Hat-contour marks target of intersubjective particle at the left periphery. • Asymmetry in knowledge between interlocutors determines particle interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deportation - in German: Verschleppung - was a ‘taboo' for a long time. However, the works born since the change of regime provide an excellent and overall picture about this painful historical act. At the same time, it is desirable to get a more precise picture by examining the detailed history of the deportation in the case of the individual settlements. Merk and Valla), the Swabian settlements in the Szatmar region, in the eastern part of the country, lie on the periphery in several aspects. Still, considering the numerical proportion of their population, the most displaced persons were deported by the Soviets, as war criminals, from here in 1945 - a quarter of whom never saw their beloved ones and home country again. It is the particular tragedy of this fact that those deported were at least as much bound to their recipient country, the Hungarian nation, as to their German nationality. They are not criminals of war but victims of the war of racial discrimination. ‘Who will be responsible for these people suffering innocently?’ - puts the question Ferenc Juhasz, parish priest in Merk at that time. Giving an answer is the task of all of us. The paper seeks to explore a segment of the micro-texture of the country-wide, and even wider, regional trauma of this community, based on diary excerpts from the period as well as on individual, specialized literature research.

In his response to the Laudatio delivered by Professor Rudolf Gräf, vice-rector of Babeş-Bolyai University, on the occasion of the Doctor Honoris Causa award ceremony, the recipient of the honorary degree, researcher Josef Wolf pays homage to the professors that played a significant formative role during his student years at Babeş-Bolyai University (Pompiliu Teodor, Ştefan Pascu, Liviu Maior, Vasile Vesa, and many others), offers some autobiographical data, and briefly presents his scholarly activity, dominated by his interest in regional history and especially in the history of the Banat Swabians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On 18 May 2018, researcher Josef Wolf of the Institute of History and Regional Studies of the Danube Swabians, Tübingen, was awarded the title of Doctor Honoris Causa of Babeş-Bolyai University. The Laudatio delivered by Professor Rudolf Gräf, vice-rector of the university, highlights the main aspects pertaining to the biography and the scholarly activity of the recipient of the honorary degree, from his formative years in Cluj to his later activities in Germany. Particular attention is given to the publication of maps and to the exhibitions curated by Josef Wolf, chief among the latter being the one entitled Floating Spaces: Maps of the Danube Region 1650-1800, organized in cooperation with Babeş-Bolyai University and the National Archives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from the interest of the folklore journal in Baia Mare for the Banat culture, the author searches for his roots and the traces of his ethnic group in the Banat. Starting point is the defence of Vienna from the Turks (1683), the conquest of Temeswar by the Habsburgs (1717) and the colonization of the Banat (in the 18th and 19th century) with farmers and craftsmen from Germany, Austria and Western Europe. Thus began here modernism and the shift from the Eastern to Western culture. The settlement of the mountainous part of the Banat created an industrial centre of the monarchy with professionals of different language and origin. The journey of a colonist ancestor is described by using the new settlement of Lenauheim as an example, while the town sign Vladimirescu/ Glogowatz shows appreciation for the German inhabitants and the end of the 300-year German settlement period in the Banat. These are proven by the Banat novel „Lindenfeld” (Lindenfield”) and the Serbian counterpart „Helden und Bösewichter” („Heroes and villains”). There always existed links between compatriots: family friendships in neighbouring villages, „Exchange children” and today „Exchange students”. Even without physical presence, the cultural heritage of the German inhabitants of the Banat remains and Romanians speak approvingly of their „paradise Banat”, which was created out of a marshy area in a century. Even in faraway places, the descendants of the colonists do not forget their roots and remember with pleasure their childhood and youth in the Banat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The paper outlines the objectives, structures and contents as well as the current state of the research project “Digital Portal ‘Bilingual and Language Contact Corpus of German as a Minority Language in Hungary’”, which is currently being edited at the Department of Germanic Linguistics at the University of Erfurt. It is about a variational and contact linguistic research and documentation of authentic spoken-language material in the field of German as a minority language in Hungary (key word: “Danube Swabians”). Against the background of the general project presentation the essay focuses on a dialect book about German as a minority language in Hungary, which – or at least its concept – is to be one of the results of this project.

Localizada no município de Guarapuava, Estado do Paraná, a Colônia Entre Rios surgiu a partir da vinda e fixação, em 1951, de refugiados da Segunda Guerra Mundial, que se identificam como Suábios do Danúbio (Donauschwaben). No Paraná, verifica-se a produção e reprodução de narrativas que visam preservar essa identificação. Este texto aborda algumas narrativas que produzem a identificação suábia-danubiana nesta Colônia.Abstract Entre Rios Colony, located in the city of Guarapuava, Parana State, Brazil, arose in 1951 from the arrival and establishment of refugees from Second World War, known as Danube Swabians (Donauschwaben). In the Parana State, there is a production and 186 reproduction of narratives that aim to preserve that identity. This text shows some of this narratives that produce idenfication Danube-Swabian this colony.

On the South Slavic territories, the end of the World War II came with the victory of communism. As a result, post-war decades in Yugoslavia were subordinated to the partisan ethos founded on the myth of the struggle with fascism. Directly after the war, this struggle assumed disposing of the so-called domestic enemies amongst whom there were also the Germans living in the Serbian Vojvodina from the 18th century. In the post-war Serbia, diversified repressions (displacements, forcible work, camp experience, confiscation of things) were aimed at the German people, predominantly civilians. These repressions constituted the taboo in the Yugoslavian national discourse, with this situation lasting for a number of decades. In his book Majčina ruka, Igor Marojević, the Serbian prose-writer of the middle generation (born 1968), undertakes the issue of the Vojvodina Germans' post-war fortunes. Consequently, he inscribes his literary activity into the current discussions on the ignored, erased and dissembled events from the history of Yugoslavia. Recovering the memory about them, he questions the black-and-white picture of the world built on the partisans vs. the fascists opposition, which was created after the war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of História Unisinos is the property of Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the process of settlement of Danube Swabians in Southern Brazil from an environmental history perspective on transformation of the Atlantic Rainforest landscape. In Brazil, they had to negotiate their identity with regional natural conditions. For this, technical discourses were used to define themselves as modern farmers. The research was conducted with technical reports, images and other documents produced by immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay details the emergence of an idea of Danube Swabians as eternal colonizers, created by and about one group that settled Entre Rios, in the state of Paraná in postwar southern Brazil. This essay traces the wanderings of these Danube Swabians from south-eastern Europe to Brazil, and it explores how the intersection of their memories of multiple expulsions and survival were coupled with their characterizations as Germans in both Europe and Brazil. In turn, it shows how the colonists and others used those couplings to construct the basis of their trans-Atlantic identity as Germans/Swabians/Brazilians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text represents a contribution to the study of Vojvodovo, the Czech village in Bulgaria. The author attempts to answer in his analysis the following question: why so many Vojvodovo Czech Protestants chose as their marriage partners among the inhabitants of the nearby village of Bardarski Geran, both Banat Bulgarians (Paulicians) and Banat Swabians. In both villages religion was perhaps the most important organizational principle, religious endogamy being one of its main rules. As a result of that it might be expected not of find intermarriages between Vojvodovo and Bardarski geran, but the opposite, however, was the truth. The author shows that the reason, because of which the members of the two communities felt a kind of mutual affinity, was culture as both groups shared many cultural traits. One of these cultural traits was deep and genuine religiosity, or, better to say, belief. Thus, though at the first sight it is religiosity (seen as the creed) that seems to prevent any closer contacts between the two communities, it is religiosity (seen as belief) that stands behind the surprising and unexpected number of marriages that took place between the members of the two local communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]