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With businesses increasingly prioritizing data-driven decision making, the demand for business analysts is high and expected to grow. In response, many universities and institutions have developed courses and programs related to business analytics to prepare more graduates for careers in this field. Business analytics programs and educators consistently strive to achieve a high level of student learning success, ensuring competence in working in the business analytics field after graduation. In this study, we aim to examine key factors influencing student learning in business analytics, focusing on performance expectancy and satisfaction. We examined specific factors, including personal interest, career relevance expectancy, learning effort, and perceived course structure effectiveness, from perspectives related to both students and instructors. A research model was developed and empirically tested. The results showed that all factors significantly influenced both perceived academic performance and learning satisfaction. Additionally, personal interest and career relevance expectancy could significantly impact learning effort.

Currently, the study of non-cognitive variables and their effect on the academic performance of students has gained relevance. In view of that, the purpose of the present study was to analyze through structural equation modeling to what extent growth mindset, self-efficacy, and grit have direct effects on student performance. For this, an explanatory design of latent variables was followed, in which 305 university students participated, including men (41.8%) and women (58.2%), who reported an average age of 22.8 (SD = 3.5), all included due to convenience. To measure the independent variables, the ITIS (growth mindset), Grit-S (tenacity) and EPAESA (academic self-efficacy) were applied, while for the measurement of the dependent variable, the grades of the students of the two last semesters were used. Among the main findings, it is reported that growth mindset, grit, and self-efficacy have direct and significant effects on the academic performance of students. In conclusion, this set of non-cognitive variables successfully explains the academic performance of the study participants.

With the growing importance of the United Nations' SDGs, many EFL textbooks addressing the goals have been developed. However, these textbooks generally discuss the applicability of the SDGs in Global South countries, and for university students in Japan, this has resulted in "SDG burnout," as they study the topic but often fail to find meaningful connections to the materials. This article builds on previous research into the efficacy of culturally familiar materials, and it takes SDG education in a new direction through the creation of materials in dialogue with social justice issues. Four lessons were created by the researchers, and as part of the post-reading assignment, learners had the autonomy to choose between culturally familiar or unfamiliar activities related to either the news or popular culture. A 6-point Likert scale was used to gauge student interest, which indicated that the inclusion of social justice issues may positively affect interest. A series of binomial tests revealed that learners preferred culturally familiar activities and activities related to the news. These findings provide important implications for teaching the SDGs as they suggest learners might be most receptive to culturally familiar materials that are based on the news and connected to issues of social justice.

A posttest-only control group experimental design compared novice Arduino programmers who developed their own programs (self-programming group, n = 17) with novice Arduino programmers who used ChatGPT 3.5 to write their programs (ChatGPT-programming group, n = 16) on the dependent variables of programming scores, interest in Arduino programming, Arduino programming self-efficacy, Arduino programming posttest scores, and types of programming errors. Students were undergraduates in an introductory agricultural systems technology course in Fall 2023. The results indicated no significant (p < 0.10) differences between groups for programming rubric scores (p = 0.50) or interest in Arduino programming (p = 0.50). There were significant differences for Arduino programming self-efficacy, (p = 0.03, Cohen's d = 0.75) and Arduino posttest scores, (p = 0.03, Cohen's d = 0.76); students in the self-programming group scored significantly higher on both measures. Analysis of students' errors indicated the ChatGPT group made significantly (p < 0.01) more program punctuation errors. These results indicated novice students writing their own programs developed greater Arduino programming self-efficacy and programming ability than novice students using ChatGPT. Nevertheless, ChatGPT may still play an important role in assisting novices to write microcontroller programs.

This study focused on the perception of the students on entrepreneurship education. Entrepreneurship education is considered an effective tool for influencing students' learning orientation and expression. This study examined the effects of entrepreneurship education and learning on the entrepreneurial implementation intentions of students at the Universities. This study employed an explanatory method. For the study, 600 questionnaires were collected from north Indian university students. Multiple regression was used for the analysis of the study. The results showed that teaching methods significantly impact entrepreneurship stimulate students' interest and enhance students' knowledge innovation for business start-ups. The findings of the analysis also revealed that practical activities are mainly based on vocational skill activities, the teaching methods should contain extensive attention to critical thinking and idea generation activities as graded mechanisms of the degree program. It was also recommended that engagement of students with entrepreneurial development initiatives provided by institutions should involve students across all degree levels. Therefore, to increase the prospect of assignation in entrepreneurial activities after graduation students should generate viable business ideas, identify market gaps, engage in business startups, and practical business plans, and engage in invention and innovations. [Note: The page range (143-156) shown on the PDF is incorrect. The correct page range is 143-155.]

The aim of this research is to investigate the influence of flipbook learning media, learning interest, and learning motivation on junior high school students' learning outcomes. The method used is the regression method with a quantitative approach. This research was conducted at Junior High School 1 Yogyakarta with a sample of 64 class VIII social studies students. Data collection consists of interviews, observations, and documentation. Prerequisite test analysis consists of tests for normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity. Hypothesis testing using simple regression, and multiple regression. The research results show that there is an influence: i) flipbook learning media on learning outcomes with a tcount of 73.33, a significance value of 0.000 < 0.005, ii) interest in learning on learning outcomes with a tcount of 33.678, a significance value of 0.000 < 0.005, iii) learning motivation on learning outcomes with a tcount of 30.678, a significance value of 0.000 < 0.005, and iv) flipbook learning media, learning interest, and learning motivation together on learning outcomes with Fcount 47.879 > Ftable 2.77 with a significance of 0.000 < 0.005. The conclusion is that the use of flipbook learning media, increasing interest in learning, and strengthening learning motivation can support each other to achieve optimal learning outcomes for students.

Incorporating ethnoscience into lessons through the ethnoscience-students' worksheet (ESW) is one method to improve student interest in science learning while introducing them to the local culture. However, no research was reported the effects of ESW on students' responses and the factors that influence ESW implementation in science learning. In order to better understand how students learn through ESW, this study investigated the relationship between ethnoscience context, science learning, and the implementation of students' worksheets. Seventy-two students participated in the survey after they studied ethnoscience learning through ESW. Students' responses are more influenced by science learning. In addition, the ethnoscience-integrated students' worksheets (SW) variable indirectly affects students' responses. Additionally, ESW affects students' responses more significantly than science learning and ethnoscience. This research provides insightful implications for educators on planning, designing, and practicing ESW to enhance students' problem-solving motivation and academic achievement. Furthermore, to contribute significantly to future researchers, further research employed the structural equation model through covariance analysis, also known as confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).

Flavell's theory of metacognition was innovative at the time for its promising practicality. However, research findings that report inconsistencies in metacognitive trainings' outcomes and insufficiencies of translating the theory into mainstream classrooms have accumulated since then. In this sense, there may be a need to revisit metacognition theory for its practicality and credentiality. From a phenomenological perspective, this paper first describes the fundamental tenant of theory; thinking, and whether metacognition theory recognizes the nature of thinking. To manage thinking, it should be stimulated first. In other words, a sensitivity towards a stimulus that is metacognitive responsiveness needs to be raised to initiate the attendance of higher order thinking. Thinking and metacognitive responsiveness pertain to personal relevance, attentiveness, interest, previous experiences, tools for thinking, features of tasks, and the nature of social interactions. Therefore, it is important to present the stimulus designed or adapted to initiate individuals' thinking or metacognitive responsiveness. In this paper, Flavell's theory of metacognition was revised to embrace metacognitive responsiveness explicitly, and it is highlighted that practical implications need to focus on materials to initiate metacognitive responsiveness.

This study aims to determine the feasibility of Instagram-based chemistry learning media and the results of increasing student interest in learning acid-base material in everyday life with a multi-representation approach. The method used in this study is the ADDIE research and development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The research population is SMAN 3 Sidoarjo students, with the sample used being 89 students who carry out learning using Instagram in acid-base material in everyday life. Quantitative data was obtained from material and media validation results, as well as an analysis of student interest in learning before and after using the media. Qualitative data were obtained by analyzing descriptive questions of student learning interest in chemistry questionnaires. The results of the research on developing Instagram-based chemistry learning media on acid-base materials in everyday life with a multi-representation approach were obtained: 1) the feasibility of learning media developed based on the results of the assessment of materials and media by expert validators was included in the very feasible category; 2) the increase in students' learning motivation is in the medium category with a standard gain value of 0.40.

Individuals with Asperger Syndrome (AS) often face difficulties in social communication and language skills, encompassing comprehension and production in both their first and second languages. English as a second language has been one of the most common communication tools and a school subject for decades in Asia; therefore, mastering English becomes crucial including individuals with AS. Prior studies on AS focused on first language development in adolescence. However, few explored second language learning especially the comprehension and oral production in preschoolers in a storytelling class. This study aimed to investigate the comprehension and oral production of a Taiwanese learner with AS in a storytelling setting. Data collection included a questionnaire, close-ended and open-ended questions related to storybooks, classroom observations, self-reports from the participant's mother, and clinical consultation documents. The study found that the participant with AS exhibited a higher level of interest in learning a second language, English, in storytelling classes. Moreover, he could comprehend the stories and answer related questions with a moderate to high degree of accuracy. These findings provide valuable insights for educators to guide and teach the second language within storytelling contexts to young learners with AS to not only motivate them but also support the young learners' development of comprehension and oral production in a second language.

The development of interest and aspirations to pursue STEM careers has been a focus of recent educational research and action. This study used Social Cognitive Career Theory as the framework to explore how types of learning experiences in and out of school prior to college affected undergraduates' STEM beliefs and intent to pursue a career in a STEM field. A sample of 312 students at a large university were surveyed about the experiences in which they had participated, their perceptions of those experiences, and their self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and interests in science, mathematics, and engineering. The results indicated experiences that predicted beliefs across all STEM areas, but also some key experiences that differed depending on the subject. Experiences revolving around family and career-specific activities were important for science and engineering beliefs, the opportunity to build and create was important for mathematics and engineering beliefs, and varied instructional techniques were valuable for mathematics and science beliefs. This paper details the relationship between these experiences and STEM beliefs and career choices along with recommendations for educators looking to develop experiences to enhance STEM career pathways.

The study of language and literature today are inseparable. Unfortunately, the phenomenon of Indonesian learning in junior high schools is in a hesitant position due to the lack of formulating literature as teaching material including indigenous wisdom-based literature that can threaten the extinction of indigenous literature. At Buru Island, literature learning is integrated into Indonesian subjects, but the teachers there are more focused on teaching language using general literature rather than indigenous wisdom literature. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the situation and needs analysis of the indigenous wisdom-based literature in teaching Indonesian language at Buru Island. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers employed Research and Development (R&D) applying Borg and Gall's steps. This method has certain procedures for the information collecting data related to the situation and needs analysis of 350 junior high school students through questionnaire distribution, interview, and observation toward the process of Indonesian teaching in the classroom. The situation of learning literature in the study involved (1) the law of local content learning, (2) curriculum, (3) syllabus, (4) lesson plan, (5) coursebooks, (6) teachers' competence, and (7) stakeholders' concerns, while, the students' need analysis involved (1) current ability and interest in literature, (2) feedback of students' ability and interest in literature, (3) literature skills priority, (4) learning style, (5) literature learning facilities and infrastructure, (6) literature materials on indigenous wisdom, (7) coursebook of indigenous wisdom-based literature, and (8) learning approaches and strategies based on indigenous wisdom. The result shows that there were still many shortages in implementing of indigenous wisdom-based literature learning in junior high schools, so students' ability and interest were lack. Therefore, the situation and need analysis becomes very important to be explored and to be a consideration in designing course books in indigenous wisdom-based literature for the future.

Students' emotional engagement in the context of second language and foreign language classrooms can be seen as a multidimensional construct to include cognitive, behavioral, social, and emotional dimensions of engagement. In Applied linguistics research, however, the term "engagement" is shared intuitively and optimally for language learning. The aim of this study was to take a step forward and investigate the extent of emotional engagement in online learning environments, and whether such emotional engagement can be used as a quantitative indicator to measure the degree of students' emotional engagement in behavioral, cognitive and social interaction among language learners. The study employed a mixed method research design, with data collected through literature research, questionnaire survey, and in-depth interviews. The findings of the study revealed that online learning interactive experience was significantly and positively correlated with language learners' emotional engagement, particularly due to its ease of use, interactive content, and design. The study also found that the online learning experience indirectly affected emotional engagement by increasing students' motivation and interest in learning. Finally, the study also found factors such as gender, grade level and subject influencing the relationship between the interactive online learning experience and emotional engagement. These findings reveal the positive impact of online learning interactive experiences on language learners' emotional engagement and highlight the mediating role of motivation and interest in learning. The study recommends devising such strategies that enhance language students' learning engagement in online learning environments and facilitate their participation in the learning process. These findings have implications in the form of improvement of language learners' learning experience and emotional engagement, which can also enhance their academic performance.

The implementation of educating "Basic Life Support (BLS) competences" in German schools is particularly affected by the often reported "implementational gap" --limited transfer of empirical findings into practice. This Design-Based Research (DBR) study evaluates two different methodologies for BLS teaching, generating implications for transfer. Students (N = 136) of a secondary school (11-13 years) were assigned to different methodological approaches. A test group (TG) received intervention implemented into regular biology lessons (10 units; n = 48); the control group (CG) participated in a basic instruction (2 units; n = 68). Both large-scale methods -- subject-matter teaching (TG) and project activity (CG) -- were compared regarding current motivation, self-efficacy, constructivist instruction, cognitive load, and practical skills. Data from n = 125 students (TG=48; TG=68) could be included into analysis (Mage=11,16; SD=.45; 55.2% female). Probability of success and interest increased, anxiety perception decreased (no group-interaction effect), whereas challenge perception remained constantly. Self-efficacy overall improved from before to after intervention, with TG reporting higher social self-efficacy and less negative outcome expectancies. No differences were found for practical BLS performance. MANOVA (after intervention) showed higher values for anxiety in TG, and for self-efficacy, CG has higher values for negative outcome expectancies (post hoc analysis). For cognitive load and constructivist instruction, no differences between groups were found. In conclusion, both methodological approaches seem to have their own pedagogical justification. Schools' implementation processes may benefit from combining (subject-matter) curriculum content with BLS information or content to facilitate time and resource-saving realization.

Educational robotics (ER) is a constructivist approach to education that promotes experiential learning through actual activities for teaching and learning science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) subjects. Empirical findings have indicated that primary school students have limited interest in learning mathematics due to the inability to rationalize real-world applications without practical application. Therefore, this study aims to determine the implications of using ER to evaluate their effect on primary school students' mathematics learning achievement, interest, and attitude. A total of 40 respondents from year five participated in this quasi-experimental study that explored the difference between using ER and PowerPoint hands-on methods as instructional approaches to complement teaching and learning. The findings indicated that ER improved mathematics learning achievement and perceived interest with a high effect size, and students also indicated a positive attitude toward using ER to aid in learning mathematics.

This study was conducted to investigate whether the STEM career interests and innovation skill levels of 8th grade students differ significantly according to some demographic variables. The research was the correlational model. The data of the study were collected from a total of 1427 students from 20 different schools in five randomly selected districts of Mardin province located in the southeast of Turkiye. Innovation Skill Scale, Personal Information Form and STEM Career Interest Scale were used to collect data. As a result of the analyzes, both the innovation skill levels and STEM career interests of the students showed a significant difference in favor of those with fewer siblings. In addition, the innovation skill levels and STEM career interests of the students whose mothers did not go to school were lower. STEM career interest and innovation skill levels were in favor of students whose fathers are university graduates. In addition, the increase in the family income of the student was effective in increasing the innovation skill levels and STEM career interests. Activities and projects can be organized in schools to develop students' innovation skills and STEM career interests.

Preservice teachers often need help applying classroom management theories to real-world situations due to their abstract nature. Using a case-based instruction strategy for teaching classroom management topics is a common practice to introduce preservice teachers to the contextual complexity of classrooms. This study investigates and compares the effectiveness of two case-based teaching strategies: face-to-face discussion versus a gamified online case-solving platform. Gamification is an instructional approach incorporating game design elements to enhance learners' motivation and engagement in educational environments. It is aimed at increasing students' interest and involvement in learning activities. The study showed that the gamified online case-solving platform group scored higher on the pre-test, post-test, and student perception surveys. The study examines and discusses the possible reasons for the new method's success and provides potential implications.

Interest has been globally established as a powerful predictor that triggers engagement, especially in fostering physical culture among students. Scholarly works in PE have already shown that situational interest triggers individual interest, which can lead to highly engaged students. However, little is known about the impact of individual interest alone on students' school engagement. In this regard, this study is focused on determining the significant difference between the sex and institution of students concerning individual interest and school engagement. Moreover, it aimed to assess the relationship and direct influence of individual interest on school engagement. After obtaining data from 1659 samples of undergraduate students from the most prominent local colleges in Pampanga, it was revealed that there is no significant difference concerning individual interest and school engagement between sex and institution. Fascinatingly, a significant association between students' individual interests and school engagement was observed. Lastly, individual interest, along with its three factors, predicts school engagement. It can be concluded that individual interest has a direct positive influence on school engagement. Recommendations for future research direction and PE teachers to fully translate physical culture to students to improve their overall well-being are hereby presented. [Note: The page range (78-90) shown on the PDF citation is incorrect. The correct page range is 79-91.]

A game-based approach is widely used to increase students' motivation through their active participation, whereby research is interwoven with fun and competition is incorporated with cooperation. Working in teams or groups encourages students to exchange their opinions, to try to find solutions together or to win a game. In this way, they learn and improve skills such as collaboration and responsibility. Several activities involving the 5E model as part of inquiry-based science education and an escape room as part of game-based learning were used in science classes (chemistry, biology and physics). The activities were designed on three different topics - gases, ecology and electrical circuits - within the project "Diversity in Science towards Social Inclusion - Non-formal Education in Science for Students' Diversity". The activities focused on the students' self-concept towards science, interest in the subject, motivation and career aspirations in STEM, as well as the effectiveness of the implemented activities. The study aimed to assess the potential advantages of implementing activities in an ethnically diverse environment, benefiting both students and teachers. Pre- and post-questionnaires were designed and distributed to 190 students from various primary and secondary schools in Macedonia. The present paper provides an overview of game-based activities as well as a brief analysis of the pre- and post-questionnaire responses from students, focusing on the topic of ecology.

Student giftedness is a complex, developmentally dynamic and contextual phenomenon that teachers confront every day. In the classroom, teachers often meet students who have exceptional potential or achieve very high learning goals. The aim of this study is to illustrate the evaluation of inquiry-based learning activities in a specific context (Diversity in Science towards Social Inclusion learning modules) implemented in a non-formal educational setting for gifted students in relation to their level of individual interest and their autonomous and controlled motivation, comparing different groups of students. We investigate how these activities affect the students' attitudes towards inquiry-based learning, their situational interest and their interest in science careers. A total of 264 Slovenian lower secondary school students participated in the study. The students participated in non-adapted and adapted activities based on the inquiry-based learning approach. The data were collected using pre- and post-activity questionnaires. Participation in the study, which took place in the period between the 2021/22 and the 2022/23 school years, was voluntary. The data was collected anonymously and used for research purposes only. The results show several statistically significant differences in how students' level of individual interest, autonomous motivation and controlled motivation for learning chemistry affects their attitudes towards inquiry-based learning, their situational interest in Diversity in Science towards Social Inclusion activities and their interest in science careers. For the gifted and non-gifted students who participated in "Forensics Science" lab activities before and after the adaptations to the modules, the results related to their attitudes towards inquiry-based learning and situational interest are also reported. Thus, the results of the study provide useful insights for researchers in the field of chemistry education as well as for chemistry teachers in lower and upper secondary schools. The presented study is a good example of best practices that chemistry teachers can apply in teaching chemistry, thus enabling all students, not only the gifted ones, to learn chemistry using the inquiry-based learning approach.

E-learning platforms have become increasingly popular in K--8 education to promote student learning and enhance classroom teaching. Student interactions with these platforms produce trace data, which are digital records of learning processes. Although trace data have been effective in identifying learners' engagement profiles in higher education and lifelong learning (e.g., MOOCs), similar research on young learners has been very scarce. This study makes a timely and novel contribution to the field by identifying emerging profiles of young students from Grades 1 to 8 based on their engagement in an e-learning platform. The k-means cluster analysis yielded seven distinct profiles in total. While the dominance of profiles differed across grade levels, some profiles were not even present at specific grades, indicating the changing engagement behaviours of young learners in different years. In addition, all emerging profiles suggest students tended to focus on specific components of the platform, thus lacking balanced engagement with all resources. In particular, while primary school students showed relatively higher interest in game-based learning, middle school students focused more on exams than their counterparts. The findings yielded seven specific considerations for the design of effective e-learning platforms.

The relevance of science education and its individual, societal, and vocational dimensions is important issues for the modern learning and teaching process in many countries. These dimensions are considered based on the data obtained from 1541 Georgian students. The study was conducted within the frames of the international ROSES project. The structure analysis of the ROSES questionnaire was conducted to define scales and individual items, which then were processed accordingly and relevant conclusions were drawn. The study findings reveal that Georgian students from basic and secondary schools demonstrate motivation and interest in learning science, participate in extracurricular activities, use social media for study aims, are concerned about environmental problems, and consider science classes interesting. However, the levels of interest, motivation, and positive attitudes are not high and the correlations between them are weak. The study shows that the vocational and societal dimensions of the relevance of science education are relatively better represented in our sample, but the individual dimension lags behind. Both structural and content findings might serve educators from similar contexts.

Students build up their STEM career interest based on their experiences. However, it remains unclear how students reflect on their STEM experiences in light of their understanding of STEM careers. This study aimed to explore how students relate their practices in STEM project-based learning (PBL) with their perceptions of scientists' and engineers' work. A randomly selected sample of students (n =142) participating in a STEM event participated in structured interviews regarding the resemblance between their months-long STEM PBL and scientists' and engineers' work. The data were coded using content analysis mostly by adopting a bottom-up approach followed by statistical analysis. Results showed that the majority of students claimed that their group had done things like scientists, while only about half of the students acknowledged doing things like engineers. The number and aspects of the students' mentioned practices were generally limited, with engineer-like practices more divergent and reflecting their stereotype of engineers working as manual laborers. The results also suggest that students tend to neglect the minds-on but hands-off scientist- or engineer-like practices such as raising a question/problem. The findings address the research gap regarding how students reflect on their STEM PBL experiences in light of career development.

Due to its constructivist nature, interdisciplinary teaching appears ideal for increasing students' interests in subjects (Brassler, 2020; Kramer & Wegner, 2021). Although many argue in favor of a more comprehensive implementation of interdisciplinary teaching in schools, many practical barriers arise during the realization that need to be resolved following the design-based research approach (DBR) (Kramer & Wegner, 2022b). Especially at the upper secondary school level, implementation seems to be difficult. The question arises of how interdisciplinary instruction can be usefully implemented in the upper grades. As a first potential solution, interdisciplinary project days were developed in the subject combination of biology and physical education and evaluated with the help of an initial study. The prototypes developed increased both students' situational interests and their perceptions of the utility value of the subjects involved (Kramer & Wegner, 2021; 2022a). However, the implementation process could be optimized, as it currently depends on reducing other school subjects. Therefore, following the iterative cycle of DBR, a new prototype was developed involving interdisciplinary units within the regular subject lessons. The second prototype was empirically evaluated with a control-group design. In contrast to the first prototype, only descriptive trends were found, indicating that the interdisciplinary units trigger situational interest and stabilize individual interest. However, this cannot be supported statistically. Due to a high data dropout, the sample size should be increased, and the trends should be further investigated. In terms of practical feasibility, the second prototype has an advantage as it does not require any cancellation of subject lessons. However, implementing a second subject may reduce the time available for subject-specific content.

To investigate students' interest in physics, this study explores the impact of a brief teaching intervention on the increase of interest. The intervention focused on modern physics, specifically exploring Einstein's theory of gravity and the dual nature of light. A total of 325 Greek students participated in the survey, comprising 83 students in the 6 th grade (11-12 years old), 116 students in the 9 th grade (14-15 years old), and 126 students in the 11th grade (16-17 years old). Participants completed a questionnaire, which helped determine the average level of interest before and after the teaching. The findings indicate that teaching modern physics concepts contributes to the development of students' interest. However, there is an observed decline in interest as the educational level advances, a pattern persisting despite the introduction of Einsteinian physics concepts.

This study aimed at investigating the level of science teachers' understanding of the science passion in Jordan in the light of some variables (experience and qualification), the population consisted of (460) science teachers' for the basic stages of government schools and the sample of the study consisted of (235) teachers' selected randomly. The study followed the quantitative descriptive approach and a test of 27-statement was applied. The results concluded that the mean of science teachers' understanding of science passion was weak, and there are no statistically significant differences regarding teachers' teaching experience and qualification.

Strengthening civic literacy needs to be done because this can help individuals become more critical, active, and responsible citizens. Strong civic literacy can help a person understand his rights and obligations as a citizen, as well as how to participate in political and governmental processes. It can also help individuals make informed decisions and contribute to building a healthy and just society. Strong civic literacy can also help people control the government and guarantee their human rights. The flipped classroom model is being used in this study to improve students' civic literacy. In order to improve civic literacy and learn about students' opinions of the teaching method, this study intends to investigate how teachers use flipped classrooms. The research method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method, with interview data collection techniques; observation; and documentation studies. Teachers and 40 students in grade 5th elementary school were the subjects of this study. The findings show that the teacher used the flipped classroom model to implement four important steps of civic education learning. All stages and activities of the flipped classroom model were well accepted by the students. Students described the flipped classroom as a fun learning model that motivates them to learn more actively and independently, increases learning interest, and piques their curiosity about reading so that they become more knowledgeable about civic literacy.

The GbL platform, or game-based learning platform, with generative AI is a research tool initiated from the combination of game-based learning concepts and generative artificial intelligence technology; thereby, this platform is intended to be used as a guideline for the instruction management, in which learners can respond and interact with the real-time activities by means of gamification. The objectives of this research are (1) to study and synthesize the conceptual framework of the GbL platform with generative AI to enhance digital and technology literacy skills, (2) to develop the architecture of the GbL platform with generative AI to enhance digital and technology literacy skills, and (3) to study the results of the development of the GbL platform with generative AI to enhance digital and technology literacy skills. The results of this research show that (1) the overall elements suitability of the architecture of the GbL platform with generative AI is at the highest level (Mean = 4.51, SD = 0.48), and (2) the overall suitability of the architecture of the GbL platform with generative AI is at the highest level (Mean = 4.59, SD = 0.41). Nevertheless, there are still some research gaps in this study; that is, this study was conducted with quite a small sample group and it focuses mainly on the results of evaluation on the architecture of the GbL platform. Therefore, this research is regarded merely as a pilot study designated for feasibility study to further develop the GbL platform that can be put in practical use in the future.

This research explores the implementation of Arabic language learning at the Maitreechit Withayattan School in Bangkok, Thailand. With a population dominated by a Muslim minority, this research aims to understand the challenges and potential for developing Arabic language education in this context. The research background reflects Thailand's uniqueness as an ASEAN country with a Muslim minority that is recognized and regulated by national law. The focus of the research is on issues of student interest, teaching methods, hidden learning goals, and the role of teachers in the learning process. The research method uses modern ethnographic studies at Maitrechit Wittaayathan School Bangkok. Research findings show that students' low interest is influenced by less innovative teaching methods and a need for more variety in learning. Hidden learning goals, which include students' political aspirations to support the position of Muslims in government, become a complex dynamic in Arabic language learning. The importance of Arabic in the government context was a significant finding, with students being taught that Arabic language skills can provide a competitive advantage in careers in the government sector. Despite challenges regarding student interest, school administrators' high enthusiasm for Arabic creates the potential for solid collaboration between education and religious identity development. Implications for Arabic language education management include the need for more exciting learning strategies, teacher training, and collaboration with external parties to increase the relevance of learning to careers. This research provides in-depth insight into the complex dynamics of Arabic language education in Muslim minority school environments in Thailand. However, it should be acknowledged that the research findings are limited to one school in Bangkok, and generalization of the findings must be done cautiously.

This research aims to examine the mediation effect of teaching behaviour in the relationship between teachers' transformational leadership practices and students' interest in science. A non-experimental quantitative approach was used, with a total of 250 students from secondary private schools in Malaysia participating voluntarily as respondents in the study. Google Form questionnaires were distributed through email for data collection. The findings indicated significant positive associations between teachers' transformational leadership practices, teaching behaviour, and students' interest in science, as revealed by correlation and regression analyses. Mediation analysis demonstrates that teachers' teaching behaviour partially mediates the relationship between transformational leadership and students' interest in science. This study emphasizes the importance of effective teaching behaviour in fostering students' interest in science, providing valuable insights for educational policymakers, school administrators, and teachers in promoting science education and improving students' academic achievement.

The "chilly" science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) climate in undergraduate settings has been widely documented, as women in STEM majors frequently face discrimination, microaggressions, and implicit bias from their professors and peers. While undergraduate research experiences can help women in STEM overcome some of the barriers they face, these opportunities are not always accessible and inclusive. Although there is a breadth of literature on this topic, many studies utilize traditional quantitative and qualitative methods and do not take the authentic, individualized voices of these women into account. The present study integrates two arts-based participatory methodologies--Photovoice and collage inquiry--to explore the following questions: (1) What are the experiences of women in STEM majors at a large midwestern research-intensive university? (2) How do these women experience conducting and/or seeking research opportunities? Four themes emerged from the analysis of the triangulated data: (1) lack of equity in STEM, (2) lack of awareness of opportunities, (3) confidence in STEM abilities, and (4) passion for STEM. While the first two themes encompass barriers that women in STEM face, the second two themes demonstrate the strengths of women in STEM.

The background of this research is the low interest of children learning social studies, meanwhile, the purpose of this study was to increase interest and social studies learning achievement with the subject of growth and development of the national spirit with the Think Pair Share Pedagogic Criticle (TPSPC) learning model in class VIII students. This study used a class action research approach (classroom action research). The research was conducted at Kasihan 1 Public Middle School, Yogyakarta, with 34 students in class VIII A as the subjects. The data analysis technique in this study was to examine all available data, both qualitative and quantitative data from various sources, namely from observations, questionnaires, field notes, practice questions, quizzes, interviews, achievement tests, and documentation. The results of the study show that the TPSPC learning model can improve; (1) Students' interest in learning material grows and develops the national spirit of class VIII students from the percentage of students' initial interest before the action of 56% in the moderate category to 71.30% in the high category in cycle I, and increases to 74.70% in the middle category high in cycle II; (2) Student achievement in the matter of growing and developing the national spirit of class VIII students from the pre-action achievement average score of 63.5 with completeness reaching 44.12% (low category). After conducting research in cycle I, the average value of students became 72.66 with completeness reaching 65.62% (high category). In cycle II the average score of students was 89.35 with completeness reaching 94.12% (very high category); (3) The implementation of learning from observations of teacher activities was 88.88% in the very high category in cycle I to 97.22% in very high category in cycle II.

This study explored the impact of an active project-based, aquaculture constructivist-learning program, as perceived by high school students. The purpose of this case study was to discover if participation in the program influenced students' interest, engagement, and future educational and career aspirations in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) when integrating aquaculture in and outside the classroom. Likewise, the study also wanted to explore students' knowledge about aquaculture and skill development after their participation in the program. The study employed a qualitative methods approach to explore students' attitudes and experiences. Qualitative data were collected from post-student focus groups at three different public, rural high schools in Kentucky. Other qualitative data included teacher journal reflections (e.g., personal documents) and public newspaper articles (e.g., public documents). Four emergent themes were found: (1) Students show excitement and enthusiasm in the hands-on, aquaculture program; (2) students show attention to detail in the hands-on, aquaculture tasks, it sticks, and are more responsible; (3) students are collaboratively engaged with their peers; and (4) greater interest and confidence in STEM through practical application. Results demonstrated that the program engaged learners in real-world problem-solving and decision-making situations while working collaboratively in small works. It also appears that students gained an important life skill, responsibility, as well as self-confidence in STEM, after participating in the program.

English education in Japan has traditionally focused on grammar over communication, and the country has struggled to compete internationally in terms of English proficiency scores. As the country works toward the internationalization of higher education, improving English education is an important issue. One potential solution is the use of topics that elicit students' interest and make them feel like part of the international community. This paper explored the use of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a topic due to their global importance and position, along with English, as a key to furthering the global citizenship of Japan's youth. Because of the substantial number of SDGs, not all goals can be realistically addressed in a single course. Therefore, to find topics tailored to students' interests in sustainability, this study examined the relationship between student interest in sustainability, International Posture (IP), and personal connection to SDGs. A survey was given to 266 first-year university students in general education English classes. A separate multiple regression analysis was conducted for the target variable, "Topic Interest" within English class for each goal, to determine how the effects and significance of variables differed for each SDG. Results showed that the IP subscale, "Intergroup Approach Tendency," was significant for 14 and "Personal Value" was significant for 16 of the goals. For internationally minded students engaged in the study of English as a foreign language, the SDGs could be a useful motivational tool.

Teachers play a crucial role in disseminating knowledge in educational settings, typically adhering to a credulist-testimonial approach outlined in pedagogical literature. Consequently, students often acquire knowledge through this method, potentially leading to discrepancies between their conceptual understanding and the intended educational objectives. This study investigates the phenomenon of learning obstacles encountered by junior high school students, with a particular emphasis on mathematics education. It is part of a series of Didactical Design Research (DDR) projects aimed at developing effective instructional materials. Employing an interpretive paradigm within the DDR framework, the study adopts a qualitative approach utilizing hermeneutic phenomenology design. Various research tools such as diagnostic assessments, interview guidelines, observation sheets, and audio recordings are employed. Data analysis is conducted using the Constant Comparative Method (CCM). The findings highlight ontogenic, didactic, and epistemological obstacles students face, stemming from factors such as a lack of interest in mathematics, ineffective material presentation, and misconceptions regarding set concepts. These results underscore the importance of educators employing effective teaching strategies to help students overcome these obstacles and succeed in their mathematics lessons.

Measuring students' interest and involvement in classroom activities at all stages of education, from preschool to upper secondary school, provides a better understanding of learning processes that enable the acquisition of abilities specific to a certain field. The purpose of this cross-age study was to investigate primary school students' involvement level in classroom activities. The sample consisted of 560 students studying in the first, second, third, and fourth grades at primary schools affiliated with a city in Turkey's inner Aegean area. The data were collected through "The Demographic Information Form" and "Leuven Involvement Scale". The research revealed that students in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th grades in primary school had a moderate involvement level. It was found that there was a significant difference between the involvement levels of primary school students and the gender, course type, and professional experience of the teacher, but there was no significant difference between the grade levels of the students. It was recommended to use current methods and strategies to increase the level of involvement of students in classroom activities and to make arrangements to improve involvement in the learning environment.

The study aims to assess the role of linguistic and non-linguistic barriers on the English-speaking abilities of Saudi EFL learners. A cross-sectional design was adopted and convenience sampling was employed to recruit the EFL learners in Saudi Universities. An online survey was conducted. Descriptive statistics, ttests, and factor analysis were performed. The results of the study showed that non-linguistic barriers, affecting English-speaking capabilities included fear of making mistakes, shyness, anxiety, confidence, and a lack of interest. Where the most significant factor was confidence in to impact of English speaking. Moreover, among linguistic barriers i.e., grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation, vocabulary was the most significant factor to influence the English-speaking ability of the Saudi EFL students. However, no gender-wise discrepancies were found in experiencing these barriers. The study concluded that there was no significant difference between male and female learners. Both genders faced linguistic and nonlinguistic barriers. However, pronunciation errors, a lack of vocabulary, and poor knowledge about grammatical structure were the linguistic barriers, faced by the students.

This explanatory sequential mixed-methods study explored the role of cognitive and noncognitive constructs, namely volitional competence, grit and metacognitive awareness in the academic achievement among online higher education learners in the Philippines. The first phase of the study involved the administration of the survey to 403 learners. Data from individual interviews and focus-group discussions were used in the second phase to illuminate further the initial quantitative results. The findings show that volitional competence, grit, and metacognitive awareness are significant predictors of academic achievement of online learners based on the generated regression model [F (3,313) = 8.4, p < 0.001, R[superscript 2] = 0.475]. Also, both the quantitative and qualitative data reveal areas for improvement such as learners' lack of confidence to succeed in their academic tasks online and uncontrollable distractions at home for volitional competence, sustaining their interest and focus for grit, and awareness about what constitutes relevant knowledge with respect to certain tasks, assessment of their thinking, and simplification of complex tasks to manageable forms for metacognitive awareness. Implications of these findings necessitate schools to streamline their curricula, revisit learning activities provided to online learners, and form a stronger linkage between parents and teachers to empower online learners and improve their academic achievement.

This instrumental case study (Stake, 1995) explores the external factors that influence international science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) postdoctoral scholars in the United States to pursue a career in STEM. Interviews with 20 international STEM postdoctoral scholars were analyzed deductively to shed light on their unique backgrounds and experiences. Three themes emerged: (a) parents were highly encouraging, (b) a love of science was nurtured in school, and (c) they were eager to engage in and promote scientific innovation. These findings illustrate the ways in which family, schools, and community influence the STEM career trajectories of international postdoctoral scholars.

Current theories about learning a second language might not fully explain why people want to learn languages other than English (LOTE) in the context of globalization and multilingualism. This study adopted and adjusted Huang's (2021) motivational dimensions for LOTE learners, specifically focusing on those who learn LOTE as a third language (L3), as is common in Thailand. It aimed to explore the motivations of 167 Thai students in higher education when choosing to study Japanese, using a questionnaire and a focus group. The findings indicate that Culture/Community Interest and Instrumentality-Promotion significantly influence motivation. On the other hand, Instrumentality-Prevention and Intended Learning Effort are closely related and exhibit the least influence. The findings also showed that students' motivations change depending on their year of study. Third- and fourth-year students valued practical benefits the most, while second-year students were more interested in the culture and community of the target language. In addition, the research also examined students' perceptions of multilingual learning. This research helps educators, linguists, and policymakers understand why students want to study Japanese and to create effective teaching strategies tailored to students' interests.

Elasticity, the capacity for students to explore or investigate their own questions of interest during or after teacher-directed events in the classroom, is highly beneficial for students in terms of their retention and deeper understanding of the content. An elastic environment is child-centered and inquiry-based. An inelastic environment (teacher-directed) results in students refraining from asking, investigating, or exploring their interests/curiosities. Teachers' perceptions of their classroom environments become an important consideration when evaluating their ability to enact elastic explorations. In this pilot study, teachers (two separate public-school districts) completed surveys describing perceptions of elasticity in their classrooms. Results indicate teachers' high value for elasticity in learning, inquiry-based investigating, and authentic student questioning. However, most teachers describe their environments as highly inelastic due to multiple barriers including time, standards, testing, stress, and a lack of training. The authors discuss potential pathways for increasing elastic environments including teacher training, professional development, and administrative support. The authors also discuss the relationship between teachers' beliefs and developing an elastic classroom environment.

One of the main objectives of international large-scale assessments is to make comparisons between different countries, education policies, education systems, or subgroups. One of the main criteria for making comparisons between different groups is to ensure measurement invariance. The purpose of this study was to test the measurement invariance of the mathematics intrinsic motivation scale across 14 countries. For this purpose, the "students like learning mathematics" scale, which measures intrinsic motivation for mathematics, was included in the TIMSS 2019 cycle. The study sample consisted of a total of 152992 students, 70192 4th grade and 82800 8th grade students from 14 different countries participating in the TIMSS 2019 cycle. Measurement invariance was tested with Multi-Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis (MG-CFA) and Alignment Method. The mathematics intrinsic motivation scale provides only configural invariance according to MG-CFA at the 4th grade level, whereas the scale provides approximate invariance according to the alignment method. At the 8th grade level, the scale provides configural and metric invariance according to MG-CFA, whereas the scale provides approximate invariance according to the alignment method. The results indicate that the mathematics intrinsic motivation scale provides approximate measurement invariance at both grade levels and that comparisons can be made between the scores of the identified countries.

The objective of this study is to develop e-modules for bump pass learning for seventh-grade students. This study identified the problems and needs of students in learning bump pass skills, e-module eligibility and the effect of the e-module on students' bump pass skills. Two groups of seventh grades, two teachers serving as content experts and two media experts participated in this study at State Junior High School 1 Talawi. Five steps were used in conducting this research: analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. The researchers collected data through questionnaires, interviews, observation, documentation, expert testing and tests. The questionnaire, interview, observation and documentation results were analyzed using an interactive data analysis model. Expert test data were analyzed using the inter-rater agreement model and test result data were analyzed using an independent t-test. There are three findings in this research. First, the reason for the students' difficulties in learning bump passes is their lack of interest in the content found in their textbooks. They need learning media that are interesting and can be accessed through smartphones. Thus, e-modules are a suitable learning medium to solve problems and meet their needs. Second, the developed e-module was confirmed to have high content validity and meet the criteria for good learning materials and media based on the feasibility test results. Third, the e-module has positively and significantly affected students' understanding and bump pass skills. Thus, it is suggested that the module be used for teaching bump pass skills at other schools.

Extracurricular learning plays a key role in shaping students' interest in (not only) biology. The research examined which extracurricular areas related to biology can make biology more attractive for the participating Finnish and Czech students. A 5-point Likert scale questionnaire was administered to 178 Finnish and 195 Czech 9th-grade lower-secondary school students. Cronbach's alpha, Varimax rotation and Mann-Whitney U-test were performed. Factor analysis identified 7 areas: Family trips, My career, Biology lessons, Healthy lifestyle, Institutions, Nature-related hobbies, and Information sources. For Czech, hobbies related to nature and family trips are significant contributors to fostering interest in biology, and an informal educational environment is crucial for cultivating a lasting relationship with biology. For Finns, biology classes and career orientation have a more significant influence on students, demonstrating the effectiveness of formal educational strategies in increasing students' interest in biology. Increasing interest in biology among the students observed in both sociocultural environments is significantly influenced by family involvement and the use of information sources. Further research should explore how specific ECA can support the connection between family and school environments and their impact on students' interest and engagement in biology lessons.

Student learning outside the formal classroom is inextricably linked to informal learning environments. In many countries, most activities that employ informal learning prioritize the integration of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines and have shown a positive impact on increasing students' interest, self-efficacy, and awareness of the STEM field. Thus, this study aims to systematically review the activities reported in the relevant studies focusing on informal STEM learning for K-12. High-index journals published under SCOPUS and Web of Science databases were utilized using a predetermined search strategy and retrieved two research team members' screened articles. Only empirical studies containing the terms "STEM education", "summer camp", and "informal learning" in the title, abstract, and keyword were included. Data were coded and organized into a matrix that was qualitatively assessed and categorized into themes. Based on the 25 studies reviewed, it was found that the integration of STEM disciplines in informal learning is notably varied. The characteristics of the STEM activities can be organized into seven themes: inquiry, focus on problems, design, cooperative learning, student-centred, hands-on, and 21st-century skills. Practice recommendations include a quality curriculum that aligns with informal STEM learning needs.

Purpose: This study explores debate seeking and conflict avoidance as dimensions of disagreement orientation, and how factors such as citizenship education and individual background may impact how young people engage in situations with conflicting political perspectives. The aim is to study whether how we facilitate citizenship education may affect young people to be more comfortable with political disagreement. Design/methodology/approach: Multilevel modelling and factor analysis is performed using a survey among a selection of Norwegian fifteen-year-olds. Findings: Citizenship education characteristics impact conflict avoidance but not debate seeking. Debate seeking is rather related to individual background factors such as political interest and attention paid to the news. Finally, the dimensions form basis of a potential typology of young people's disagreement orientation. Research limitations/implications: Further research is needed to establish causality, however the results have implications for the role of disagreement in teacher education and classrooms.

This qualitative descriptive study examined the process of purpose development of nine (seven females, two males; M[subscript age] = 20.2, age range 18-21 years) college students who completed interviews in fall 2017 and spring 2019 at a private university. Across the two time points, participants engaged in an iterative process that led them to refine (i.e., narrow or specify) or redefine (i.e., change or adapt) their purpose or ultimate aims. Participants used the time between interviews to restructure their purpose in a way that integrated their experiences until they believed their purpose was best aligned with their skills, values, and interests. More specifically, consensual qualitative research analysis revealed seven themes that suggested ways in which participants acted to refine and/or redefine their purposes: (1) clarifying definition of purpose; (2) engaging known strengths or skills; (3) exploring new activities or experiences; (4) identifying a beyond-the-self intention that aligned with their purpose; (5) discerning the fit between their passions and interests with their circumstance or plans; (6) determining whether their strengths and skills aligned well with their purpose; and (7) integrating their passions into their beyond-the-self intention. A supplemental theme was added that outlines researchers' observations about the features of participants' purpose.

Background: As a group, autistic children with high support needs (with adaptive functioning in the range of an intellectual disability) are at risk of significant literacy difficulties. We investigated the parent-reported home literacy environment of this group of children. Method: Sixty-two parents of autistic children (4.5 to 18.25 years) attending an autism-specific school completed a home literacy survey reporting on their child's: (1) alphabet knowledge, (2) interest in reading, (3) activities/interactions around books, (4) reading ability, and (5) writing ability. Results: We found significant positive correlations between parent-reported child interest in reading and literacy-related interactions and skills, but not with child age. Children using spoken words to communicate obtained significantly greater scores on four home-literacy subscales, but not on reading interest. Conclusions: A better understanding of the home literacy activities of autistic children with high-support needs is needed to inform educational practices aimed at promoting literacy development in this vulnerable population.