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Within the framework of the article, attempts to regulate lobbying activities in Ukraine from the moment of its independence until February 2024 are analyzed. The advantages and risks that business and civil society organizations can expect with the implementation of the Law of Ukraine «On Lobbying» are disclose d. It was noted that the legislative regulation of lobbying activities with the introduction of restrictions for individuals and legal entities of the state carrying out armed aggression against Ukraine acts as one of the mechanisms for countering destructive external influence. It is noted that the regulation of various aspects of lobbying activity, in addition to a special law, is actually carried out by a number of other normative legal acts that generally ensure the functioning of the institution of lobbying in Ukraine. The needs for improvement of the Law of Ukraine «On Lobbying» have been identified in the aspects of: clarity of the conceptual apparatus; distinguishing between lobbying activities and public participation in decision-making by public authorities; responsibility of lobbyists; definition of the rights and obligations of lobbying objects; control activities of the National Agency for the Prevention of Corruption, etc. It is emphasized that the organizational forms of work of agents of influence, as well as their status, make it practically impossible to create a reliable system for countering their activities, and the adoption of the Law of Ukraine «On Lobbying» does not solve all issues. The author identified directions for increasing the effectiveness of the mechanism for countering destructive external influence by introducing international practice in Ukraine to ensure the transparent activity of public associations with foreign support (financing), as well as introducing additional categories of persons who are prohibited from holding positions related to the performance of functions state or local government. It was emphasized that the most acceptable way of implementing such a mechanism is the adoption of the law «On Combating External Influence» with the granting of the appropriate legal status to such persons and organizations in Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to collect data on the status of Bachelor of Science in Criminology graduates over the past ten years through a descriptive study by using a validated survey questionnaire. The respondents of this were the 252 graduates. Total enumeration was utilized in getting the desired sample of the population. The research was conducted at Lebak, Sultan Kudarat precisely at Notre Dame of Salaman College, Inc. Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions were formulated: Majority of the graduates were male and in terms of age, civil status, majority were married and were 23 y.o. and below. In connection with the highest educational attainment, majority were criminology graduates. For their present employment status and initial monthly income gross, majority were regular and earned P25, 000 and above. Majority had human relation skills. The most graduates who passed the Criminologist Licensure Examination was in 2019 out of all the years from 2010 to 2020. According to their current job status, the largest percentage of employed graduates was from 2019. Only 5 of those who proceeded to advanced studies. From 2010 to 2020, the number of graduates working in their field of choice were employed as criminologists; the highest number of these graduates working in their field were those who graduated in 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Civil procedural duties are elements of the civil procedural status of persons participating in legal proceedings. The nature of civil procedural obligations of the parties is determined by the nature of civil procedural relations. The civil procedural duty of the party is a measure of the necessary behavior of the participants in the civil process, which is designed to ensure the implementation of certain procedural actions or refrain from their implementation for the protection of rights and legal interests and to guarantee a fair, impartial, timely consideration and resolution of a civil case. The signs of civil procedural obligations of the parties include: 1) is an element of the procedural status of a person; 2) normatively defined in the provisions of civil procedural legislation; 3) aimed at protecting rights and legitimate interests; 3) are individual (applies to the parties or the plaintiff or defendant separately) or general (applies to all participants in the case); 4) aimed at ensuring effective civil justice. The civil procedural obligations of the parties in a lawsuit can be grouped according to several criteria. First, these are general duties that belong to all participants in the case. For the participants in the case, the civil procedural legislation establishes uniform limits of procedural rights and obligations. Special civil procedural duties are duties that are inherent only to the parties or individually to the plaintiff or defendant. An important place in the formation of the content of the procedural obligations of the parties belongs to the general principles of civil proceedings. Understanding this connection allows for a deeper understanding of the meaning of each duty and ensures the effectiveness of civil proceedings. The consequences of non-fulfillment of civil procedural obligations by the parties are defined in the civil procedural legislation. These are: application of measures of procedural coercion; bringing to legal liability; consideration of the case in the absence of the relevant party to the case; leaving a complaint, application, request without consideration or their return. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

State registration of civil status acts is one of the forms of public services in the field of administrative law. The public service orientation of executive authorities and local self-government bodies is a priority in the decentralization processes which are taking place in Ukraine today. The focus of the local government reform is on people, and one of the important factors of their comfort is the provision of quality administrative services. Every day, children are born in Ukraine, some get married, some get divorced, and some die. Despite all the difficulties that exist today, the service of state registration of civil status acts is the most popular among Ukrainian citizens. The armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine has made many adjustments to our everyday life and the life of the country as a whole. Despite all the challenges, the legislator is trying to facilitate bureaucratic procedures, including in the field of civil registration. The latest technologies are being actively introduced, and amendments and additions are being made to the legislation in the field of state civil registration. Despite the significant progress in civil registration legislation, some difficulties arise in practice, especially in situations of state registration of marriage or divorce when one of the spouses is a military officer, or if one of the spouses is abroad, or in the area of active hostilities, or in the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine. Regarding the temporarily occupied territories, unfortunately, during the 10 years of armed conflict, Ukraine has not been able to simplify the procedure for legitimizing civil status acts issued in the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine. Therefore, Ukrainian citizens must go to court to recognize facts that have legal significance. Therefore, it is necessary for the legislator to resolve the problematic issues related to state registration of civil status acts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A historical and legal study of the legal status and activities of the authorities of the Ukrainian People’s Republic (hereinafter - the UPR) in exile (late 1920-August 22, 1992). It is concluded that, since at the end of 1920 the authorities of the UPR lost influence on the population as a result of the establishment of Soviet power in most of the Ukrainian territories and the UPR actually ceased to exist, which was formally fixed by a peace treaty between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Soviet Russia on March 18, 1921. in Riga, the UNR authorities lost their state status and acquired public status. The content adopted by the Council of People’s Ministers and approved by the Chairman of the Directory on January 9, 1921 was analyzed. a normative act entitled “Law on the Council of the Republic,” in which the Council of the Republic was defined as “a temporary supreme authority of the people, which has full power.” The authorities of the UPR imitated state activity: the Council of the Republic-as legislative, the Council of People’s Ministers - as executive authority, the Head of the Directory-as the head of the UPR. After the termination of the existence of the Council of the Republic in August 1921 the functions of the UNR authorities in exile were carried out by the Head of the Directory and the Council of People’s Ministers. The content of the “Temporary Law on the Reorganization of the State Center of the UNR in Exile” of June 10, 1948, which established the competence of the constituent parts of the State Center of the UNR: President, Vice-President, Government, Ukrainian National Council, was studied. Based on the analysis of the content of this normative act, it was concluded that the State Center of the UPR in exile formally had the status of a public organization, but pretended to be a state authority and imitated state functions. According to this document, the Ukrainian National Council performs “the functions of a temporary legislative representation.” The relationship between the constituent parts of the State Center of the UPR in exile had to be revealed in the rule-making process and in the formation of the Government. The political responsibility of the Government to the Ukrainian National Council and the President of the UPR was envisaged. The Government’s accountability to the Ukrainian National Council and control over the UNR President were established. The UNR President was vested with the right to dissolve the Ukrainian National Council at the suggestion of the Government. The authorities formed on the basis of this normative act had the status of public and performed functions in international, normative, political, scientific and other spheres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to find out the Problems, Challenges, and coping Mechanisms of the Select Students and Asaatidz of Ja'miatul Waqf in the aftermath of the Marawi Siege. It attempted to find answers to the following queries: (1) what is the Demographic Profile of the respondents in terms of Age, Sex, Civil Status, Educational Attainment, Ethnic Affiliation, and Monthly Income? (2) What are the Problems and Challenges Confronting the selected Assatidz and Students in the aftermath of the Marawi Siege in terms of Psycho-Social, Living Condition, Financial, and Health Conditions? (3) What are the Coping Mechanisms of the Selected Assatidz and Students of Ja'miatul Waqf in the aftermath of the Marawi siege in terms of Education, Adaptation, Acceptance, Open-Mindedness, and satisfaction of Basic Needs? The study utilized the Inferential research design that made use of both descriptive qualitative and correlation quantitative approaches in the interpretation of data gathered as well as information regarding the Problem, Challenges, and Coping Mechanism of the selected Assatidz and Students of Ja'miatul Waqf as an aftermath of Marawi Siege. The principal aim of employing this method is to describe the nature of the situation as it exists at the time of the study and to explore the Problems, Challenges, and Coping mechanisms of the respondents. The 100 respondents were the 10 Selected Assatidz, 40 College Students (Khuliyyah), and 50 High School Students (Thanawe). The respondents were all based in Marawi City. Further, statistical tools, such as the chi-square independent test, the frequency and percentage distribution, and the measure of central tendency (weighted mean), were utilized in order to achieve the objectives of this study. The significant findings of this study are the following: (1) Majority of the respondents are Meranaw females aged between 18 to 22 years old and some high school students. Most of them are single with monthly income below 5,000 or none at all. (2) The respondent's responses to the problems, challenges, and coping mechanisms in terms of psycho--social, living conditions, finances, and health presented by the researchers are shown in the table below. The respondents agreed on the Psycho-social and financial, while they neither agreed nor disagreed on the living conditions and health that the statement presented by the researcher is the problems and challenges that they faced after the Marawi siege. On the other hand, they agreed on the psycho-social, living conditions, and health, while they neither agreed nor disagreed that the statements presented by the researcher are their coping mechanism toward problems and challenges. (3) Based on the computed Square Independent Test, there is a significant relationship between the problem and challenges towards their coping mechanism in terms of psychosocial, living conditions, finances, and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Aims Methods Results Conclusion Extended stays in specialist secure hospital units raise ethical concerns. While this topic has been investigated in various countries, there has been little research on it in France.We aimed to study the length of stay of patients in the Henri Colin unit, a secure hospital unit in the Paris area and test relationships between length of stay and sociodemographic, clinical and legal features.In this records‐based retrospective study, we included all 60 inpatients on a census day just prior to the pandemic. We chose a 2‐year threshold to define long stay status.Mean length of stay was just in the long‐stay range (756.7 days, SD 1071.2). Over a quarter (17, 28%) of the patients had been hospitalised for more than 2 years and 5 (8%) patients for more than 5 years. In multivariate analysis, legal status and need for seclusion during stay were significantly associated with long‐stay status. These results are consistent with international literature, especially as they show the significant interplay between legal and medical aspects in the patients' care pathway.As the first such study in a specialist medium security hospital unit in France, this study adds to the international evidence on the complexities surrounding extended stays in secure units and underscores the importance of addressing both clinical and legal aspects in the treatment of patients with mental disorders in these settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the legal status of creditors and their representative bodies in bankruptcy cases of limited liability companies. It is noted that one of the main tasks of the Code of Ukraine on bankruptcy procedures is to satisfy the demands of creditors. On the basis of judicial practice, it is determined that the mandatory task of bankruptcy proceedings is the fair satisfaction of the entire set of creditors’ claims in the order of priority established by law. Therefore, proceedings in bankruptcy cases are objectively formed on the basis of creditor competition. Therefore, the purpose of bankruptcy proceedings is to balance the realization of the rights and legitimate interests of the participants in the case. An urgent task is to develop and apply an effective mechanism for the interaction of creditors with other participants in bankruptcy proceedings, to establish at the legislative level and in the practical aspect the proper regulation of the legal status of creditors in order to provide them with effective means of protection against the dishonest behavior of other participants in bankruptcy procedures and to fairly satisfy them requirements It is proposed, in particular, to amend a number of provisions of the Code of Ukraine on Bankruptcy Procedures, in particular, to the second part of Article 90 of the Code of Ukraine on Bankruptcy Procedures and to put it in the wording determined by the author, to return the provisions of the second part of Article 11 of the Law of Ukraine «On Restoring the Debtor’s Solvency or Recognition of bankrupt», etc. Peculiarities of the legal status of secured, current, bankruptcy creditors in bankruptcy cases of limited liability companies are analyzed. Attention is drawn to the fact that with the adoption of the Code of Ukraine on bankruptcy procedures compared to the previous Law of Ukraine «On restoring the debtor’s solvency or declaring him bankrupt», the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of secured creditors has improved by improving the legal regulation of bankruptcy procedures. It was concluded that the creditors interact with each other by convening and holding creditors’ meetings and making a decision to create a representative body - the creditors’ committee, determine its quantitative composition and elect its members. At the same time, creditors of companies must take into account and take into account the rights and legitimate interests of each other, observing the principles of inadmissibility of abuse of procedural rights, competition and legality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is devoted to consideration and proposals regarding the main ways of improving the conclusion of transactions in civil law. The deed in civil law is considered as the main element of annulment, change, or termination of civil legal relations between their participants. The article draws attention to the peculiarities of the conclusion of deeds, and also considers the difficulties that arise in judicial practice in distinguishing the concept of “deeds” from related concepts. At the same time, this article analyzes some aspects of judicial practice arising from the problem of understanding and defining unilateral transactions, where it is noted that they include: issuance and cancellation of a power of attorney; acceptance or preservation of the done thing; notification by one co-owner to other co-owners about the sale of their share in joint ownership; property sale proposal; a public promise of a reward for finding a lost thing; drawing up, changing and revoking a will; acceptance of inheritance and rejection of it, etc. Also, this article takes into account the fact that when considering disputes about the invalidity of transactions, courts need to distinguish between invalid and unconcluded transactions, that is, those that do not have the necessary conditions for their conclusion established by law (for example, there is no agreement on all the essential conditions provided for by law. In the conclusions, the main ways of improving the conclusion of transactions are proposed, which include the following: economic - the conclusion of transactions is carried out in order to ensure and improve the state of the general economy of the country; political - the conclusion of transactions in civil law between participants in civil legal relations ensures the general well-being of the state and the well-being of society in general; social – the conclusion of transactions between participants in civil legal relations is determined by the social policy of the state, where the legal status of a person and a citizen plays a significant role; legal - the conclusion of transactions in civil law is determined by legal aspects, where transactions are concluded between participants in civil legal relations in accordance with the current provisions of normative legal acts; cultural - it is planned to carry out cultural and educational work, which will involve the implementation of certain measures that will have a positive effect on the improvement of the procedure for concluding transactions between participants in civil legal relations in accordance with the requirements of current legislation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article puts an emphasis on the need to protect the rights of LGBT communities. Although the issue of protecting LGBTI rights was considered in the writings of domestic scientists, the RussianUkrainian war has become a new challenge for LGBT representatives and caused new problems for them. In the conditions of the war in Ukraine, this is an urgent issue today, because nowadays, persons in same-sex relationships experience restrictions on their rights. The author emphasizes that in connection with the desire of our country to become a full member of the EU, a significant task for it is to prevent discrimination based on such grounds as sexual orientation and gender equality. Despite the public’s negative attitude towards representatives of the so-called “sexual minorities”, the latter stood up to protect their Motherland. Therefore, the state’s performance of its obligations towards such persons is an important issue today. The problem is that there is no normative consolidation of the legal status of LGBT communities in Ukraine and this leads to a limited amount of constitutional, civil, and family rights compared to other citizens. However, in the conditions of the war, representatives of the LGBT community feel even more restricted in their rights than before the war. In particular, they cannot legalize their relations and because of this certain difficulties arise. The author draws attention to the fact that the presence of gaps in the current legislation leads to the fact that LGBT military personnel do not have the same rights as other citizens of Ukraine, although they fight for the independence and territorial integrity of our state. The article highlights that changes to the Constitution of Ukraine cannot be made during the war. Therefore, injustice towards LGBT military personnel should be eliminated by adopting the Law of Ukraine “On the Institute of Registered Partnerships”. The article draws attention to the fact that national courts, if to analyze their practice, are «not ready» to protect LGBTI rights due to the negative perception of these persons in the state. The author emphasizes that the courts must effectively protect the rights of LGBTI people and restore their violated rights. They should also take into account the fact that the practice of the ECtHR is aimed at protecting the rights of the LGBT community. However, a completely different situation is observed in Ukraine, which leads to the adoption of decisions against our state and this generates negative consequences for it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The right to information in the broadest sense is a component of the constitutional and legal status of a person in the country, and the existence of an effective mechanism for realizing this right, including its protection, demonstrates the state of reality of the proclaimed principles of the rule of law. The article is an attempt to provide a broad overview of the possibilities of protecting the rights of individuals and legal entities to information in Ukraine. The authors tried not to limit themselves to analyzing the mechanisms of a specific branch of law, but made an attempt to outline possible violations of the right to information and analyze the legal means of stopping such violations and preventing negative manifestations in the future. The article analyzes both jurisdictional and non-jurisdictional ways of protecting the right to information, which have their own specific features of manifestation and application within different branches of law. The author considers the ways of protecting the right to information through the mechanisms of civil, administrative and economic branches of law, and makes a certain systematization of the types of violations of the right to information depending on the subject of violation (private or public), on the consequences, on the nature and manifestation of violations. The authors analyzes the positions of national courts and the European Court of Human Rights regarding the existence of legislative restrictions on judges in choosing the ways to protect the applicants’ right to information. The authors also compare the approaches of the European and Ukrainian legislators to the interpretation of the concept of “non-jurisdictional remedies” on the example of legal acts regulating the procedure for exercising information rights, and provide examples of relevant preventive measures (technical and organizational). The authors analyzes the capabilities of the Ukrainian Parliament Commissioner for Human Rights in the mechanism of protection of the right to information and provides examples of the use of his/her powers in response to appeals on violation of the right to information. Gaps in information legislation are identified and ways to eliminate them are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A historical and legal study of the institutional and legal prerequisites for the formation of the highest authorities of the UPR during the Directory during the Hetmanate (May 21 – December 14, 1918) was carried out. The process of formation of bodies that have gone through the evolution from public to the highest state bodies of the UPR during the Directory, began during the functioning of the Ukrainian State. The struggle for the restoration of the UPR was carried out by: the Ukrainian National Union, the Directory, the Council of Heads of State Affairs, the Council of Commissars, the Revolutionary Committee. Of greatest importance in the struggle against the Hetman was the creation of party and trade union organizations on May 21, 1918. Ukrainian National-State Union, which in August 1918 was renamed the Ukrainian National Union – an alternative public body to the existing state apparatus, which claimed to be transformed into a constituent state power. The directory was created on November 14, 1918. Ukrainian National Union. Links of this public institution were: the head of the Directory and members of the Directory, one of whom was the Chief Ataman. At the beginning of December 1918 departments were established under the Directory. In the process of struggle for the creation of the UPR in December 1918 the Council of Commissars was created – a public authority, which in fact was a prototype of the executive body of the UNR. After the abdication of power by the Hetman of Ukraine on December 14, 1918 The Directory, the Council of Commissars acquired the legal status of the highest bodies of state power of the UPR. Soon, instead of the Council of Commissioners, the Directorate created the Council of People’s Ministers – the government of the UPR. The formation of the UPR during the Directory was facilitated by the revolution in Germany, the support of the Entente. The stage of the struggle between the supporters of the Directory and the Hetman (May 21 – December 14, 1918) can be considered as the preparatory stage for the formation of the highest authorities of the UPR during the Directory, which was imposed on the period of the existence of the Ukrainian State. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 'Must We Mean What We Say?', Stanley Cavell defends the method of ordinary language philosophy while arguing that the special status of philosophical claims about language arises from the fact that these statements are expressions of self-knowledge. Recently, Nat Hansen (2017) has explored Cavell's position in relation to empirical research on linguistic usage. This paper challenges Hansen's reading of Cavell, and presents an alternative interpretation that withstands some of Hansen's objections. For Cavell, claims about 'what we say' are claims about observable matters of fact, but nevertheless they are not, and cannot ever be, observation-based claims. The point of observing ordinary usage is to remind the philosopher of what is contained within the practical mastery that she already possesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines how the lasting effects of illegalisation and legal status regularisation contribute to the transformation of aspirations of individuals who lived and worked undocumented for years. It investigates whether obtaining legal residence status opens future possibilities, allowing individuals to project themselves more positively, make plans, and realise their aspirations. Drawing on qualitative longitudinal fieldwork conducted between 2018 and 2022, this research focuses on individuals who transitioned from undocumented status through the "Operation Papyrus" programme in Geneva, Switzerland. The study analyses the dynamic changes in their situations, difficulties, and aspirations, particularly emphasising occupational mobility. The findings reveal that while regularisation initially expands aspirations, various obstacles often necessitate the readjustment of these aspirations over time. This study provides valuable insights into the complexities of enhancing the capability to aspire among vulnerabilised individuals; it also highlights that while policies expanding formal opportunities bring many benefits, they may not be sufficient alone to increase the capacity of individuals to live according to their aspirations, especially for those who were previously exposed to social contexts that prevented them from projecting themselves positively into the future, such as illegalising policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immigrants need to constantly manage their legal status while straddling uncertain life circumstances and shifting policies. U.S. immigrant policies treat immigrants based on U.S. internal and international political needs. This practice is only further heightened during a global crisis such as the recent COVID‐19 pandemic. Immigrants' existing citizenship contributes to the constraints they experience. Using Chinese international students studying in graduate programs as an example, this paper studies the dual liminality highly skilled immigrants experience in sustaining their legal status and developing their careers. Adopting a life course perspective, this paper reveals that liminal legality constrains immigrants' career choices as they transition from students to full‐time professionals. Acquiring legal status takes precedence over their career goals. They may forfeit career opportunities to secure legal status. Moreover, their Chinese citizenship hinders their career advancement. In recent years, United States–China rivalry in international politics and intellectual competition has intensified. Combined with a racialized construction of U.S. citizenship, highly skilled Chinese immigrants experience a heightened sense of vulnerability vis‐a‐vis institutional scrutiny and mistreatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the lack of any coherent principle in veil-piercing has been apparent even before Prest v Petrodel Resources Limited, this essay argues that the status of the law was neither aided nor clarified by Sumption SJC's introduction of the concealment-evasion principle in Prest. This, accompanied by the narrowed scope of veil-piercing as a last resort remedy, has significantly discouraged its application, especially when difficulty in the concealment/evasion categorisation arises. It is therefore suggested that courts of other jurisdictions should take into account the far-reaching implications of Prest before applying the concealment-evasion principle merely because it originated from a UK Supreme Court decision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number zero holds a special status among numbers, indispensable for developing a comprehensive number theory. 1,2,3,4 Despite its importance in mathematics, the neuronal foundation of zero in the human brain is unknown. We conducted single-neuron recordings in neurosurgical patients 5,6,7 while they made judgments involving nonsymbolic number representations (dot numerosity), including the empty set, and symbolic numbers (Arabic numerals), including numeral zero. Neurons showed responsiveness to either the empty set or numeral zero, but not both. Neuronal activity to zero in both nonsymbolic and symbolic formats exhibited a numerical distance effect, indicating that zero representations are integrated together with countable numerosities and positive integers at the low end of the number line. 8,9 A boundary in neuronal coding existed between the nonsymbolic empty set and small numerosities, correlating with the relative difficulty in discriminating numerosity zero behaviorally. Conversely, no such boundary was found for symbolic zero activity, suggesting that symbolic representations integrate zero with other numerals along the number line, reconciling its outlier role. The status of zero as a special nonsymbolic numerical quantity is reflected in the activity of neurons in the human brain, which seems to serve as a scaffold for more advanced representations of zero as a symbolic number. • Single-neuron recordings in the medial temporal lobe of patients • Neurons signal both nonsymbolic and symbolic zero • Neuronal representations of zero integrated along the number line • Nonsymbolic empty sets distinctly encoded from other small numbers Kutter et al. identify and characterize single-neuron activity in the human brain correlated with the representation of both nonsymbolic (dot numerosities) and symbolic (Arabic numerals) number zero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I define territory as embodied, relational, processual, and imaginative: power enacted upon and through place. In the following article, I use this generative definition of territory as a lens to interrogate how memory becomes placed and bounded at Somerset Place, a historic plantation site in North Carolina. Through archival research into the negotiations between two state government agencies on the legal status of Somerset Place between 1939-1965, as well as analysis of the gendered and racialized criteria for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places, I uncover how historic space was defined against recreational space – not only in the creation of Somerset Place, but in the heritage boom of the mid-twentieth century more broadly. In addition, by understanding territory as the historicized and ongoing enactment of power upon and through place, I reveal how formal and informal territories of public memory and public space are continuously defined, negotiated, and claimed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractAssisted dying is available in many countries globally but remains illegal in the UK, where there are ongoing debates about its legal status. Britons seeking an assisted death must travel to Switzerland. This article explores the experiences of UK-based individuals considering an assisted death and family members of those who have completed an assisted death. We recruited 11 participants across two qualitative studies, analyzing data using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. These results indicated four themes: the "burden" of illness; the value of autonomy and control over death; the difficulties of talking about assisted dying; and the barriers associated with pursuing an assisted death. The findings suggest there are individuals in the UK who will seek an assisted death, despite its illegality. Those involved in these journeys are not currently able to access support and more needs to be done to ensure their needs are met. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how the definition of statelessness is contested below the formal letter of the law in Malaysia. Analysing court cases, interviews with lawyers, and public discourse, I encounter a paradox: that stateless people in Malaysia are produced through juridical, bureaucratic, and discursive repudiations of their claims to statelessness. Adhering to “nation-statist logics,” Malaysian state actors commonly reject citizenship claimants’ assertions of being stateless by classifying them instead as foreigners, thus shunting responsibility for their inclusion elsewhere beyond Malaysian borders. These practices disproportionately burden minorities with racialized, migrant backgrounds with presumptions of having “potential citizenship” elsewhere, even if such links are tenuous or merely theoretical. By centering how stateless people articulate their belonging in the face of abject exclusion, and how categories of stateless and citizen are flexibly mobilized in legal, political, and social spheres, this article offers new avenues for critiquing the normativity of the contemporary nation-state system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of regional inequality has gained prominence during the era of progress, driven by the goal of promoting equitable development and enhancing the well-being of all segments of society. Papua Province is an integral part of Indonesia, and confronts intricate hurdles in addressing regional inequality. In response to these hurdles, special autonomy status and fiscal decentralization were implemented to boost regional autonomy. This study aims to scrutinize the impact of special autonomy and fiscal decentralization on regional inequality within Papua Province. The dataset used in the study spans from 2011 to 2021 and has been sourced from the Central Bureau of Statistics for Papua Province and the Directorate General of Fiscal Balance under the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied and the analytical results underscore that granting special autonomy status has exerted a noteworthy influence in diminishing regional inequality within Papua Province. Nevertheless, an unexpected finding is that fiscal decentralization has not substantially curtailed regional inequality within the region. These revelations provide a comprehensive overview of the roles played by fiscal decentralization and special autonomy in endeavors to alleviate regional inequality in Papua Province. The implications of these findings lay the groundwork for policymaking and developmental planning that foster inclusivity and sustainable progress within the Province of Papua. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this Afterword I engage with each article in this special issue by highlighting some of their main points and placing them in conversation with scholarship in my substantive interests. In doing so, I signal the expansive potential of each contribution as I see it from my scholarly corner. I elucidate the generative potential of this collection and underscore the fruitfulness of adopting the critical lens to state-created categorization that threads the articles for the field of immigration studies in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resettlement to a third country offers a durable solution for refugees who cannot integrate into their asylum or transit countries. While most studies focus on the experiences of refugees after their arrival in resettlement countries or on the political aspects of resettlement, fewer studies explore refugees' perspectives prior to resettlement. This paper examines how Rohingyas in Malaysia view their resettlement opportunities. We collected qualitative micronarratives from 56 adult Rohingyas living in Malaysia between March and September 2019, to explore the complexities of their decision-making processes. The findings indicate that most Rohingyas aspire to resettle in another country to gain legal status or citizenship, providing a better future for their children, including access to education and healthcare. However, preferences among Rohingyas vary: while some are eager to resettle, others express a strong desire to return to their home country in Myanmar. Still, others wish to reunite with family in Myanmar or Bangladesh, and a significant minority are reluctant to resettle in non-Islamic countries, reflecting broader concerns about cultural and religious compatibility. This study highlights the varied resettlement preferences among Rohingyas, underscoring the need for resettlement policies to consider these diverse priorities to enhance the effectiveness of resettlement programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to examine the main changes in spatial planning systems in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries after the end of communism in 1989, and to relate these changes to the main challenges facing spatial planning in these countries. The authors used the following countries as case studies: Bulgaria, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Ukraine. They analysed the framework conditions, such as the main spatial planning instruments and the main planning legislation. They then looked at the rationale behind each country’s planning legislation and examined the legal status before implementation. This allowed them to identify the main directions of significant legal changes in each country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration is not a gender-neutral reality, which is why it is a priority for all actors at the global level to incorporate an intersectional, decolonial and human rights-based feminist perspective in order to provide a comprehensive response to the violence and discrimination suffered by women in migration contexts. Establishing the 'continuum of violence' as a tool for analysis allows us to understand this violence not as a series of isolated but interconnected events, taking into account the gender dimension along with other forms of inequality and oppression without limiting it to a specific territorial space. This continuity underlines that violence is not interrupted by the act of migration, but is transformed and adapted to new environments. The differential legal status, the psycho-emotional state, the socio-labour and economic reality derived from global care chains and the absence of social support networks are all factors that facilitate male violence in women's migration projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are a major success story, promising to improve science and policy. Despite some controversy, RCTs have spread toward Northern and Southern countries since the early 2000s. How so? Synthesizing previous research on this question, this article argues that favorable institutional conditions turned RCTs into "hinges" between the fields of science, politics, and business. Shifts toward behavioral economics, New Public Management, and evidence-based philanthropic giving led to a cross-fertilization among efforts in rich and poor countries, involving states, international organizations, NGOs, researchers, and philanthropic foundations. This confluence of favorable institutional conditions and savvy social actors established a "global interstitial field" inside which support for RCTs has developed an unprecedented scope, influence, operational capacity, and professional payoff. However, the article further argues that the hinges holding together this global interstitial field are "squeaky" at best. Because actors inherit the illusio of their respective fields of origin—their central incentives and stakes—the interstitial field produces constant goal conflicts. Cooperation between academics and practitioners turns out to be plagued by tensions and contradictions. Based on this analysis, the article concludes that the global field of RCT support will probably differentiate into its constituent parts. As a result, RCTs may lose the special status they have gained among social science and policy evaluation methods, turning into one good technique among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immigrants who ultimately attain U.S. lawful permanent residence (LPR) enter with various initial legal statuses, which stratify their access to resources and have great implications for their economic integration. This study examines how initial legal status affects LPRs' asset building by investigating three types of financial assets – bank account ownership, investment account ownership, and retirement account ownership. Results reveal that initial legal status stratifies immigrants' subsequent asset building – those with more institutional resources perform better in accruing assets. Findings provide unique insights into immigrant asset building and highlight postmigration resources, especially institutional-level ones, as facilitators in the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studyholism (or obsession with studying) is a new potential clinical condition introduced in the literature in 2017. Since then, growing research has supported its conceptualization as a clinical disorder and highlighted some potential intervention targets, namely trait worry, social anxiety, negative interpretation bias, and defense mechanisms. The present study aims to extend the literature concerning psychodynamic-related constructs that might constitute targets for interventions aimed at reducing Studyholism by investigating the role of attachment in 1073 students (Mage = 23.48 ± 3.77), balanced concerning civil status (i.e., currently being single or involved in a relationship/non-single). Among the main findings, we found that insecure attachment—mainly preoccupied attachment—is a positive predictor of Studyholism in both non-single and single students. However, there are also some differences depending on the civil status. Finally, (single) disengaged studyholics have a statistically significant lower level of secure attachment than (single) engaged studyholics. In conclusion, this study showed the value of distinguishing between non-single and single students when investigating the role of attachment. Regarding problematic overstudying specifically, the study provided support for its definition as a clinical disorder, also with evidence of the appropriateness of its OCD-related conceptualization. Finally, it suggests preoccupied (insecure) attachment as a target to reduce Studyholism by fostering in students the feeling of being loved and deserving of being loved in their current adult relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Turkish nation had many martyrs and veterans during World War I, which caused the end of the existence of the Ottoman State, and during The National Struggle, which paved the way for the existence of the Republic of Türkiye. In Western Anatolia, where Bilecik is located, the National Struggle was fought against Greece. Due to the conditions of the time, families were able to identify their martyrs and veterans only in the following years. The martyrs and veterans who are the subject of the study were seen throughout the Ottoman geography of the period. Bilecik, like other Anatolian provinces, was included in the National Struggle to save Anatolia from occupation after the large geography lost in the First World War. In the examination carried out in this direction, in order to determine martyrdom and veteran status in the Bilecik Civil Court of First Instance; It was determined that a total of thirty two cases were concluded in four years, ten in 1931, nine in 1932, three in 1933, and ten before the end of 1935. As it takes up too much space to be included in one study, a total of thirty-three cases relating to the subject in 1934, 1936, 1937, 1939 and 1940 are examined in another study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Aims Sample Methods Results Conclusions Teachers' and parents' judgements of pupils' cognitive abilities influence pupils' daily learning opportunities and experiences, as these judgements affect the difficulty level of materials and instruction that teachers and parents provide. Over time, these judgements thus significantly shape educational success. However, pupils' characteristics, such as special educational needs (SEN), giftedness and socioeconomic status (SES) can influence and bias judgement accuracy.The present study aimed to investigate the relation between pupils' cognitive abilities and their teachers' and parents' judgements of these abilities, and potential bias in these judgements related to SEN, giftedness, and SES.The sample consisted of 1073 primary school pupils from grades 4–6 from 77 classes in 16 schools, and their teachers and parents.Teachers and parents rated their pupils' cognitive abilities. Pupils completed the COVAT‐3, a cognitive ability test.Multilevel analyses revealed that parent judgements were significantly higher than teacher judgements, but both informants' judgements were equally strong related to the cognitive ability scores. When controlling for pupils' assessed cognitive abilities, the results revealed small judgement biases: negative for SEN, positive for giftedness, and finally positive for high SES, but only in teachers.Overall, the results indicated that teachers and parents can judge their pupils abilities to a moderate degree, but they also hold judgement biases related to SEN, giftedness and SES. As these biases can affect pupils' opportunities, it is important to increase teachers' and parents' awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to defend the standard view of what it dubs 'Self-understanding' — i.e. (very roughly) our knowledge of why we behave as we do — from the threat posed to it by Neo-Ryleanism. While the standard, entrenched view regards self-understanding as special in kind and status, the Neo-Rylean agrees with Gilbert Ryle that our method of understanding ourselves is much the same as our method of understanding others, involving self-interpretation on the basis of the available evidence. Neo-Ryleanism has been gaining ground in recent decades, fuelled by a wide range of empirical results which allegedly demonstrate that subjects confabulate items of self-understanding. The paper rejects this attack on the received view. After critically examining one extant response to the Neo-Rylean, which gratuitously accuses her of equivocation, the paper proceeds to offer its own response, casting doubt over the suggestion that the experimental results actually demonstrate widespread confabulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mountain hawk-eagle has a special status among the indigenous Paiwan people of Taiwan. This article examines the historical evolution of the use of this eagle’s feathers amid social transformations within Paiwan culture. It also addresses the bird’s endangered status and proposed conservation strategies to protect it. Wildlife management collaborations between indigenous communities and conservationists have sparked conflicts in values and worldviews that are challenging to reconcile. While the Paiwan wish to continue using the eagle’s feathers in important cultural rituals, this increased demand exacerbates hunting pressures on the species. This article seeks to find a better balance between preserving cultural practices and ensuring species survival. Drawing on four years of fieldwork among the Paiwan, it demonstrates the complexities of navigating entangled human–animal relationships in the context of species endangerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sociological studies on elite lawyers working in large law firms have recently extended to non-Western countries. Based on a quantitative dataset comprising 1,303 lawyers from 106 Turkish law firms, this article aims to be the first empirical investigation of the social profile of lawyers in the rising large law firms in Türkiye. The analysis focuses on how characteristics of Turkish elite lawyers, in terms of educational capital, gender, and status are distributed. The objective of the analysis is to discover to what extent the expansion of legal education and rise of the private universities are reflected in the structure of elite law firms. To discover the relationships between university type, gender, and position at job, chi-square, and logistic regression analyses are conducted. Main findings are that the Turkish elite lawyers constitute a stratum where the most advantageous educational capital is concentrated compared to the profession in general, the lawyers working in the employee position are relatively young and have mostly private university degrees, and the increased feminization of the profession is closely intertwined with the status hierarchies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study examined the underidentification of students with disabilities for gifted education programs, otherwise referred to as twice-exceptional students. This study utilized data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Kindergarten Class of 2010–2011 (ECLS-K). We estimated that approximately 17% to 18% more students with disabilities should have been identified for a gifted education program as having statistically similar achievement scores to those students without disabilities in gifted education programs. Alternatively stated, students with disabilities should make up 10.8% of gifted programs, or about 1 in 9 students in gifted programs should be twice-exceptional. Students with disabilities who were male, non-White, low-income, and indicating more internalizing problem behaviors were more likely to not be identified for a gifted education program despite having similar achievement scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to synthesize the existing literature with insights gained from interviews conducted with regulatory experts. The objective is to analyse the challenges associated with incorporating cryptocurrencies into regulatory frameworks and to explore constraints in the regulatory institutionalization of cryptocurrencies. Design/methodology/approach: The study methodology consists of two steps. The first step is to identify regulatory constraints in the literature review and in the next step, interviews are conducted with officials of the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP). The study used a qualitative case study methodology, in which a single case (regulatory constraint) was selected as a unit of analysis. Findings: The findings show that lack of traceability, legal status, lack of governmental control due to decentralization, difficulty enforcing laws, volatility, lack of skills with regulators and difficulty integrating cryptocurrencies into the current financial system are the main obstacles to the introduction of a regulatory framework. Thus, on a broader conceptual level, the findings can be grouped into opportunism, lack of strategic capability and fragmented global laws. Research limitations/implications: This study could inform global cryptocurrency regulation discussions, sharing a developing country's views on balancing the government, central banks, the financial sector and public interests. This could guide countries to consider cryptocurrency adoption in similar situations. This could affect the cryptocurrency market, impacting demand, supply and investor trust in Pakistan. Practical implications: The study has implications for policy making officials. The research aims to offer valuable insights to the SBP and other regulatory authorities, helping them identify potential risks and create an effective regulatory framework for cryptocurrencies. Social implications: The study has implications for society in knowing about the volatile nature of cryptos and anonymity of their issuers, which poses regulatory constraints. This then implies its harmfullness to its traders and the huge losses that may arise from their trading due to its volatile nature. Originality/value: This study contributes to the literature on the constraints, responsibilities and consultation framework of cryptocurrency regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Estudios de la Administración Local y Autonómica is the property of Instituto Nacional de Administracion Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Two broad thematic perspectives can be distinguished in the literature that broaches the revolutions–law nexus. One considers how actors' relations to, and usages of, legal statutes and constitutional provisions affect the dynamics of revolutionary conjunctures (law in revolutions). The other examines how the dynamics and modalities of revolutionary processes affect the content of law and the configuration of the legal order (revolutions in law). Subsumed to the law in revolutions perspective are five main topics: the use of constitutional provisions as instruments of revolutionary subversion, legally framed defensive strategies, constitutional devolutions, legitimation problems, and the courts' stances. The revolutions in law perspective encompasses reflections on the status of law in revolutionary paradigms, the impacts of revolutionary events as acts of foundation, shifting conceptions of constituent power, and the issue of continuities coexisting with ruptures. Cutting across these two perspectives are challenges and pitfalls that studies of revolutions and law can hardly ignore: the reification of analytical and descriptive categories, the confusion of normative and positive standpoints, and the reliance on unconditional claims. Studies overcome these challenges when they document and analyze the processes whereby actors engage law as they make decisions and pursue courses of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Does the entry of foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs) enhance host economies' entrepreneurship? Empirical findings in the literature are far from conclusive because of diverse local conditions. This article investigates the effect of FIEs on local private business creation in China. Using a panel dataset of 31 provinces from 1992 to 2019 and two-way fixed effect models, this study finds that the entry of foreign-invested firms significantly enhances China's provincial-level entrepreneurship. The effect is robust to various sets of control variables and different measurements of FIEs (either FDI stock or flow). The findings also suggest that the effect of FIEs on local entrepreneurship is lower in the second subperiod (2001–2019) than in the first subperiod (1992–2001). Moreover, the improved legal status of private businesses and better protection of private property, as amended in the Constitution, decrease the role of FIEs in enhancing local entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The special international regime for Palestinian refugees established by Article 1D of the 1951 Refugee Convention has yet to receive sufficient attention in Turkish asylum literature. Although Turkish law has incorporated Article 1D, neither scholars nor practitioners have pushed for its implementation. This research contends that Palestinians should be recognised as refugees in Turkey. Despite Turkey only granting refugee status to individuals from Europe due to the Convention's geographical limitation, this article argues that an exception should be made for Palestinians. To this end, this article addresses how Article 1D of the 1951 Refugee Convention applies in Turkey by focusing on the interplay between the Convention and Turkish laws and regulations, as well as considering recent case law in other jurisdictions, particularly in Europe. By doing so, it aims to demonstrate that it is possible, though challenging, to improve the legal status of Palestinians in Turkey, mainly through strategic litigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this article, which is to express the essence of du'a, starts with a question: what is du'a, and doesn't it constitute a gap in the system of causality and rational structure of the creation of the world? A definition of the essence of du'a and its dynamics is given through the presentation of the essential basis of the creation of the world according to some Quranic verses, as well as Islamic speculative Gnosticism according to which the world is based on desire and demand (talab). On this basis, the ontological status of du'a and the fact that it does not contradict God's wisdom is underlined. The second part of the study is based on an interpretation of a Quranic verse according to which the reality of du'a is made possible only thanks to God and through His creation of an innate divine human nature, which naturally searches its God and addresses its demands to Him. From this point of view, the special status of man in respect to all the other creatures who, through his supplications, is responsible of defining his ontological status in this world and the hereafter, is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forced migration is one of the most pressing crises of our lifetime. Of the millions forced to migrate, many come to know the brutality of state-managed migration that habitually denies asylum seekers and places substantive restrictions on refugees who have been resettled. Sociologists of sport and leisure have examined the sporting experiences of refugees through an intersectional lens, foregrounding how displacement and resettlement are differently lived and negotiated across overlapping power structures and markers of gender, sexuality, ethnicity, religion, and legal status. Through a participatory and collective photovoice project, this article explores the experiences of an all-Afghan soccer team that played in a social, co-ed soccer league in the spring of 2022, just after they arrived in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. In photovoice narratives and subsequent interviews, team members underlined many of the barriers they faced as they navigated the formal and informal rules and dominant norms of this seemingly inclusive sports landscape. In doing so, they revealed some of the limits of official discourses of Canadian multiculturism, which rarely accommodate more significant forms of difference, and which reproduce racial and ethnic hierarchies that powerfully discipline newcomers who are encouraged to embrace their precarious status as model minorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the United States, natural disasters have increased in frequency and intensity, causing significant damage to communities, infrastructure, and human life. Migrant workers form part of a growing occupational group that rebuilds in the aftermath of natural disasters like hurricanes and tornadoes. The work these migrant workers perform is essential but also unstable, exploitative, and dangerous, which stresses their health and well-being. This study focuses on the health and well-being of migrant roofers, a precarious occupational group who restores communities and helps the U.S. population adjust to a climate-changed world. Using surveys (N = 359) and in-depth interviews (n = 58) from a convenience sample of migrant roofers, we examine how precarity in terms of employment, housing, and legal status affect the sleep outcomes of these workers, who derive their income from an industry where instability is the norm, live in substandard and irregular housing, and lack workplace protections given their legal status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of studies acknowledge the role of a liminal legal status as well as geopolitical factors in constituting a demand for an alternative citizenship. Less is known about the effects of war or political turmoil in countries of nationality for populations who live outside those countries in places with little or no permanent settlement paths. This paper takes the case of Syrian nationals born and raised in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to explore the impact of war in Syria on their considerations about, and for some, experiences of, migration, including through asylum-seeking in Europe. It argues that this migration is less about relocation to the "West" and more about a solution to restrictions tied to their liminality in the UAE, as well as their citizenship by birth. By pursuing "stronger" passports from elsewhere, they seek an ability to choose where they live — including the option to stay "home" in the UAE or maintain links there. This paper introduces the notion of circumstantial citizenship to better understand how, when, and for whom citizenship matters in restrictive migration contexts. By engaging with key debates in migration studies, such as volition, alternatives, and options, circumstantial citizenship conceptualizes people's complex journeys as they navigate liminality, changing conditions, international borders, and limited resources to access the long-term security of a better passport. Findings provide significant insights into the role of restrictive migration policies in shaping the value and meaning of citizenship and driving onward migration in complex ways today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The arcuate fasciculus may be subdivided into a tract directly connecting frontal and temporal lobes and a pair of indirect subtracts in which the fronto-temporal connection is mediated by connections to the inferior parietal lobe. This tripartition has been advanced as an improvement over the centuries-old consensus that the lateral dorsal association fibers form a continuous system with no discernible discrete parts. Moreover, it has been used as the anatomical basis for functional hypotheses regarding linguistic abilities. Ex hypothesi, damage to the indirect subtracts leads to deficits in the repetition of multi-word sequences, whereas damage to the direct subtract leads to deficits in the immediate reproduction of single multisyllabic words. We argue that this partitioning of the dorsal association tract system enjoys no special anatomical status, and the search for the anatomical substrates of linguistic abilities should not be constrained by it. Instead, the merit of any postulated partitioning should primarily be judged on the basis of whether it enlightens or obfuscates our understanding of the behavior of patients in which individual subtracts are damaged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I respond to a dilemma for Causal Decision Theory (CDT) under determinism, posed in Adam Elga's paper "Confessions of a Causal Decision Theorist". The treatment I present highlights (i) the status of laws as predictors, and (ii) the consequences of decision dependence, which arises natively out of Jeffrey Conditioning and CDT's characteristic equation. My argument leverages decision dependence to work around a key assumption of Elga's proof: to wit, that in the two problems he presents, the CDTer must employ subjunctive‐suppositional (rather than evidential) transformations of a shared prior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate whether an early need of hormonal contraceptive (HC), or a failure to find a suitable method, are warning signs for endometriosis. Design: A retrospective cohort study. Setting: Sweden. Population: The cohort consisted of 720 805 women aged 12–27 years during the period 2005–2017. All women, regardless of whether they received a diagnosis of endometriosis or not (reference group), were included. Methods: We used data from Swedish national registers. Risks are expressed as crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs and aHRs, respectively) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), adjusted for age, education level, civil status, parity, country of birth, and diagnoses of infertility, dysmenorrhea or depression. Main outcome measures: A diagnosis of endometriosis between 12 and 27 years of age. Results: During this period, 3268 women were diagnosed with endometriosis (0.45%). Women who started HC at the ages of 12–14 years had a higher risk of receiving the diagnosis (aHR 2.53, 95% CI 2.21–2.90) than those who began at age 17 years or older. Having tried more types of HCs was associated with a twofold increased risk of endometriosis (more that three types of HC, aHR 2.31, 95% CI 1.71–3.12). Using HC for more than 1 year was associated with a decreased risk of endometriosis (>1 year, aHR 0.53, 95% CI 0.48–0.59). Women with endometriosis more commonly had dysmenorrhea, depression or infertility. Conclusions: The use of HCs at an early age and a failure to find a suitable HC were identified as warning signs of later receiving an endometriosis diagnosis. A longer duration of HC usage reduced the risk of receiving the diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Access to healthcare among Southeast Asian migrants in Taiwan is a pressing concern. Once migrants fall ill, they are at risk of losing jobs and even jeopardizing their legal status to work and stay. While existing studies have shed light on migrants' experiences of alienation in healthcare, there has been limited attention given to the role of migrant activists in negotiating and mobilizing concepts of health. In this article, I examine how activists mediate migrants' access to health resources. As migrant organizations step in to care for migrants, they render migrants' bodies legible and admissible by guiding them through the healthcare system. I suggest that activists wield the power to govern by shaping the ideals of a healthy and morally responsible migrant. Their authority to care also hinges upon crafting narratives of collective wellness that foreground the interdependent relationship between citizens and migrants, elevating migrants' health into vital projects of governance. Through a critical analysis of discourse and praxis around migrant care, my intention is not only to challenge the narrow focus on migrants' physical wellbeing but also to cast light on the affects of mediating care and how it shapes meanings and values attributed to migrants' lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The notion that nature is subject to laws is exciting from many different viewpoints. This paper is based on the context of modern cosmology. It will list the significant interdisciplinary implications generated by various aspects of the contemporary scientific discussion about the status of laws of nature, especially their dynamic nature. Recent work highlights how multiple aspects of the observed universe still lack explanation and that several problems of standard cosmology still form the object of debate. Considering these issues, several proposals have been made that entail a revision of the concept of the law of nature, according to which the nature of time and of the relation between causality and natural laws ought to be reconsidered using approaches or viewpoints which point to philosophical issues. We argue that Tim Maudlin's concept of Fundamental Law of Temporal Evolution (FLOTE) and Nancy Cartwright's notion of the nomological machine provide new insights and valuable tools that can be used in the analysis of the status of laws in the context of cosmology and of complex systems theory. The limits of the traditional approach to laws of nature and their mathematical formulation are highlighted in this context, as well as the fact that many of the ultimate properties of nature may turn out to be formally unpredictable or uncomputable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bridle shiner (Notropis bifrenatus) is a small cyprinid native to the eastern United States and Canada. Bridle shiner populations have declined across their range, and the species now receives concern status or legal protection in 13 states and two provinces. Bridle shiners were historically found in southern and western Maine in densely vegetated, shallow habitats along the shorelines of streams and ponds. We surveyed areas of Maine that supported historical bridle shiner populations using environmental DNA (eDNA) and traditional seine netting methods, and then used eDNA sampling to survey areas with unknown bridle shiner presence. We rediscovered bridle shiner populations at 11 of 32 historically occupied waterbodies and documented bridle shiners in four additional waterbodies. We determined that both eDNA and seine net surveys are viable options for monitoring bridle shiners in Maine and identified ways to streamline the eDNA methods used in this study to reduce the time and cost of future surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Direito Internacional is the property of Revista de Direito Internacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)